Land Surveying

In conjunction with an exhibition curated by M. Spiteri: Archival drawings of geo-spaces: Exploring Maltese cabrei and periti-agrimensori during the Knights' period.


Coordinated by Mevrick Spiteri, Daniel Borg, and Andre DeBattista. The 8th edition of the National Library of Malta’s Public Lectures Series focuses on Malta’s historic landscapes as recorded in cabrei and country maps from the 17th to 19th centuries. Special attention is given to the archival record – the cabreo and accompanying administrative registers – which encapsulate important elements crucial for the valorisation of Malta’s landscapes. The series discusses cabrei (legally binding land registers or property books), manuscript maps, survey sheets on a national scale, and descriptive land registers. It adopts a multidisciplinary approach, emphasising links between land and people. Rethinking Malta’s geo-spaces through diachronic perspectives, as captured ‘in paper and place’, offers a firmer contextualised approach of territorial administration, land management practices, and environmental changes; bridging archival research, historical geography, and GIS. Overall, the series is intended to take stock of the current state of research, introduce innovative approaches to Malta’s modern historic landscapes, and open new avenues for collaborative research.

В сборнике представлены материалы научной конференции «Античные реликвии Херсонеса: открытия, находки, теории», состоявшейся в Государственном историкоархеологическом музее-заповеднике « Херсонес Таврический» 22-26 сентября 2025 года. Тематика конференции традиционно связана с античной эпохой в истории Херсонеса Таврического и Причерноморья в широком контексте древнего сердиземноморского мира. Материалы конференции отражают разнообразные направления научного изучения античной цивилизации. Среди работ -публикации новых находок, интерпретации археологических и письменных источников, материалы раскопок последних лет, а также архивные и фондовые коллекции различных музеев и институтов. Несколько исследований посвящены истории науки, в том числе жизни и деятельности Мирона Ильича Золотарёва (1945-2004) -выдающегося исследователя херсонесской античности. Сборник рассчитан на профессиональных историков, археологов, эпиграфистов, антропологов, специалистов по охране культурного наследия, а также на всех интересующихся древней историей и археологическими памятниками северного побережья Черного моря. УД К 94(902 + 904)»652»(063) ББК 63.48(2Рос-6Крм) ISBN 978-5-6054674-1-0 © Государственный историко-археологический музей-заповедник «Херсонес Таврический», 2025 Рис. 1. Амфора с клеймом Χερσο(--) из раскопок Южного Пригорода Херсонеса (объект 125 раскопа 12). Общий вид и верхняя часть сосуда.

Delays and bottlenecks in Sri Lanka's surveyor licensing system are hindering the surveying profession and critical land projects. The Survey Department's outdated processes and infrequent licensing examinations have created a backlog of graduates unable to practice, despite holding geomatics degrees from Sabaragamuwa University (SUSL), Kotelawala Defence University (KDU), and the Institute of Surveying & Mapping (ISM). This brief outlines the key challenges-including licensing delays, institutional inefficiencies, and barriers for new graduates-and compares Sri Lanka's situation with the more streamlined systems in the UK and Australia. It then presents actionable policy reforms to modernize the Survey Department and Land Survey Council procedures, increase licensing opportunities, and align education with professional requirements. Implementing these reforms is expected to accelerate the licensing of qualified surveyors, improve public service delivery in land management, and support national development plans.

Abstract. White clay smoking pipes found on the territory of the city of Nien and the fortress of Nienschanz reflect the general picture of the distribution of the objects in the cities of the Baltic region. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the pipes was changing throughout the 17th century and in the layers of the second half of the 17th
century, the pipes become mass finds. A significant part of the pipes, especially of the first half of the 17th century, does not have stamps and can only be dated according to the form.
The available features testify to the fact that the main part of them was made in Holland. The narrow dating of the stamps, alongside with the finds of coins, allow us to clarify the dating of separate complexes of the studied area and the dynamics of the pipe arrival in this remote part of the Baltic States.

V članku bomo predstavili tri izvedene pogodbene komasacije za namen gradnje 1 . Namen predstavitve je predvsem opozoriti na pomanjkljivosti zdajšnje zakonodaje in tudi pomagati izvajalcem k reševanju problemov in k uspešni izvedbi. V postopku priprave je tudi nova zakonodaja 2 , zato bi želeli v članku izpostaviti nekaj izhodišč, ki bi jih bilo pri oblikovanju zakonodaje smiselno upoštevati. Komasacija v najožjem pomenu besede pomeni zložba in vnovično preoblikovanje zemljišč. V

Urban land readjustment is an important tool for urban land management and development, both in developed countries (such as Germany, France, and Japan) as well as in developing countries (especially in the East Asian countries like Taiwan, South Korea, China, Nepal). The procedure can be used as regulation of property and other building-land related rights as well as for redevelopment of degraded urban areas. Urban land readjustment is also known in Slovenia. In the article, the comparison of the content and types of urban land readjustment in Germany, France, Finland, Sweden, Japan, and Slovenia is presented, providing the basis for the selection of indicators, used for the evaluation of land readjustment content and procedure in Slovenia and in the international context. In the conclusion, the key findings of our evaluation of Slovenian land readjustment are summarized, based on comparison with selected foreign practices, and some guidelines for future work are given. Klasifikacija prispevka po COBISS-u: 1.02 POVZETEK Komasacija zemljišč za namen gradnje je pomembno orodje za urejanje in razvoj površin, predvidenih za gradnjo, tako v razvitih državah (kot so Nemčija, Francija, Japonska) kot v državah v razvoju (predvsem države vzhodne Azije, kot so Tajvan, Južna Koreja, Kitajska, Nepal). Postopek se lahko uporablja za urejanje zemljiško-lastniških struktur na površinah, predvidenih za gradnjo, kakor tudi pri revitalizaciji degradiranih urbanih območij. Komasacijo zemljišč za namen gradnje poznamo tudi v Sloveniji. V prispevku je predstavljena primerjava vsebin in načinov izvajanja komasacije zemljišč za namen gradnje med Nemčijo, Francijo, Finsko, Švedsko, Japonsko in Slovenijo. Na podlagi primerjave so izbrani kazalniki, ki so podlaga za vrednotenje vsebine in načina izvedbe komasacije zemljišč za namen gradnje v Sloveniji v primerjavi s predstavljenimi tujimi praksami. V sklepu so strnjene ugotovitve o vsebini komasacije zemljišč za namen gradnje v Sloveniji v primerjavi z analiziranimi tujimi državami in podane usmeritve za nadaljnje delo. land readjustment, land management,

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the surveying of horizontal geodetic networks. However, vertical geodetic network surveying has not yet been able to take advantage of GPS technology. When GPS data are processed, they yield heights above a smooth ellipsoid surface. Vertical control, on the other hand, is based on orthometric height. These are heights above a complex, equipotential surface called the geoid. To accurately convert ellipsoidal heights into orthometric heights, one must know the relationship of the geoid to the ellipsoid. Before now, geoid height in the United States was computed from spherical harmonic models possessing 0.5 degree resolution, or about 50 km. They do not embody the finescale structure of the geoid, and have provided only limited success in obtaining GPS-derived orthometric heights. Recent advances in processing methodologies now enable efficient computation of continental-scale, high resolution, geoid height models. At the National Geodetic Survey, we have developed GEOID90: a high-resolution geoid height model for the conterminous United States. GEOID90 was computed using nearly 1.5 million terrestrial and ship gravity data. It is modeled on a 37 x 3/ grid (about 5 km resolution), and spans 24 °N to 53 °N and 66 °W to 125°W. The increase in resolution has greatly improved the accuracy of GPS-derived orthometric heights. Comparisons between vertical bench marks and GPS surveys of county and statewide extent, demonstrate accuracy from a 10 cm RMS level (at 100 km distances) down to a 1 cm RMS (at 10 km distances) . This quantum leap in accuracy extends the utility of GPS technology and supports a wider variety of surveying and mapping requirements.

Computer application had been a tremendous asset to a construction company since information technology raised rapidly in the era of digital. Computer provide a clean sweep in surveying field by doing design, running analysis, and compute result in a split second which also reduce possibilities of making mistake in the surveying calculation. For this project, Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 be applied to develop software to be used in engineering survey that named as 'Electronic Survey Solutions Version 2 (ESSol-V2)'. Engineering survey module for leveling, traverse booking, tacheometry, design of road curve (horizontal and vertical curves), omitted line computations and traverse by radiation is integrated in ESSol-V2 programming. The result is digital electronic forms where it can be used by surveyors to solve their engineering survey calculation. ESSol-V2 evolved from an older version of digital electronic forms of survey, accompanying the revolution in this program was an additional function of surveying which makes it to become more friendly yet powerful for surveying.

Abstract: One of the essential elements in the translator's understanding of scientific texts is the ability to link terminological units to their corresponding conceptual categories within the specialized domain. This entails extending conceptual networks and knowledge configurations to more specific levels. It also signifies enriching conceptual structures with different types of connections that situate the concept in question in a complex network of relations with other concepts. This is part of the terminological competence of the ...

Nepremičnine predstavljajo pomemben dejavnik družbene blaginje, zato pripisuje današnja družba veliko pozornosti nepremičninskim transakcijam, ki so pogosto zapleten postopek. Z namenom analiziratiosnovni potek nepremičninskih transakcij smo se pri nalogi osredotočili na ožje področje, to je na transakcije ruralnih zemljišč v Sloveniji, kar omogoča poenostavitev obravnavanega problema. Osnovni namen je izboljšati razumevanje delovanja zemljiškega trga, tudi z vidika vpletenih institucij. Cilj prispevka je med drugim prepoznati dejavnike, ki vplivajo na transakcije ruralnih zemljišč in ki ovirajo razvoj zemljiškega trga, še posebno z organizacijskega vidika. Pravice, raba in posledično transakcije ruralnih zemljišč kot nosilcev posebnih okoljskih, gospodarskihin družbenih funkcij so uravnani s strogimi sektorskimi zakoni in pravilniki države in lokalne skupnosti. Posebnosti transakcij ruralnih zemljišč, ki vključujejo kmetijska zemljišča, gozdove in kmetije, so po slovenski zakonodaj...

The thesis topic deals with the selection of subcontractors from the perspective of main contractor company. It describes a model of systematic analysis of subcontracting bids and selection of subcontractors. It focuses on communication with subcontractors in the early stage of bidding the project. The paper presents the evaluation and selection of projects to be checked for suitability and further discussion and elaboration of the tender. Inquiring, receving and analysing of subcontractors bids is a topic that in the paper is detaily presented. These are also essential for effective communication with subcontractors. In more detailed ways the problems are explained that may occure in the analysis of subcontractors offers and inclusion of those in the main contractor's offer. Before the final selection of a subcontractor the one should also be evaluated as unreliable subcontractors may cause inconvenience. Through the thesis the process of selection of subcontractors for facade ...

V ceni na enoto je potrebno upoštevati vsa pripravljalna dela, prenose, stroške gradbišča in čiščenje po dokončanju del. V ceni na enoto je potrebno upoštevati zaščite tal, zaščite oken in vrat. Sidra se izvajajo kot poglobljena. Potrebno je upoštevati tudi strošek izvedbe vzorcev, morebitnih izravnav, drugih potrebnih del kot so kitanja, obdelavo zaključkov, pripravo podlage za police, … Pri površ i ni fa sa de s o upoš tevani odbitki okens kih i n vra tnih odprti n večji h od 3 m2.

The Dough Rule, in Turkish Land Law terminology, is a technical approach to readjust land resources in urban and agricultural areas. The Regulation on the 18 th Article of the Land and Building Development Law defines the procedures of land readjustment. The procedure is as follows: First obtain cadastral land resources and ownership records and then overlay graphic information on top of zoning plans, later allocate the land resources to the relevant owners after proportional deduction for public uses, such as schools, roads, and parks. In many cases, in the allocation process, relevant parties compete for highervalue urban lots, and the resulting allocation scheme is taken to court. In this study, the primary goal is to develop techniques to handle the difficulties in land readjustment and reallocation practices in Turkey. The developed techniques contain three authentic features: The first feature is the original mathematical models based on operation research techniques. In this feature, there are two Linear Programing (LP) and one Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) models reallocating cadastral parcel areas into standard high quality urban subdivision lot(s) after proportional deduction of public land uses from all landowners under the frame of the Regulation on the 18 th Article. The second feature is the evaluation criteria which are developed to present superiority of the optimization models over the existing expert based subjective practices in land reallocation. Those criteria are defined in the form of equations utilizing the allocation results (objective and subjective). The third feature is the graphical presentation of allocation results in a system of rays from cadastral parcel centroids to urban subdivision lot centroids. This provides a succinct way of visual comparison among alternative allocation results. Over a case study area, first, the optimization techniques are applied, then, the obtained results are evaluated via the evaluation criteria, and later visually presented by the ray based allocation/transfer diagrams. Finally superiority of the developed techniques are discussed for further sophistications.

One of the most characteristic interpretations of ancient Egyptian mathematics, which has largely been maintained throughout its historiography since the first translations of the Rhind and Moscow papyri, is its eminently practical character; that is, empirical and concrete cases would constitute mathematical knowledge. Such anchoring in the concrete would be based on treatment of different mathematical themes through numerical cases. In the present investigation, we will propose a discussion of this position; for this, we consider, a type of research will be necessary that goes beyond the mathematical papyri and that, in a complementary way to the strictly mathematical approach, takes into account other dimensions of the field of Egyptology. Our main objective will be to propose the use of concrete numbers in Egyptian mathematical problems not as the exposition of a concrete case but as the mode of exposition of a paradigmatic case that makes it possible to understand the algorithm of the problem.

Příspěvek se zabývá srovnáním běžně dostupných metod s metodami méně obvyklými, které lze využít při dokumentaci místa dopravní nehody. Přesné a kvalitní provedení dokumentace místa dopravní nehody, zejména ve formě plánku, je jedním z důležitých údajů pro následnou analýzu nehodového děje. V příspěvku jsou porovnány metody zaměření pomocí měřicího kolečka, totální geodetickou stanicí, GNSS stanicí, rektifikací fotografie a 3D scannerem.

Los documentos epigráficos relativos a los límites de distritos militares no suelen ser muy habituales, aunque el conjunto procedente del norte de la Península Ibérica es el más numeroso de todo el Imperio. Se conocen cerca de 30 inscripciones relativas a la legio IIII Macedonica, a la legio X gemina y a la cohors IV Gallorum. Presentaremos en este trabajo un estado de la investigación sobre los territorios militares en Hispania. Es preciso definir los rasgos propios de estos distritos que circundan los campamentos romanos, que se encuentran bajo el control directo del ejército desde el punto de vista económico y jurisdiccional. Las excavaciones realizadas durante los años 2000-2001 al sureste de la ciudad de León, al otro lado del río Torío y junto al actual barrio de Puente Castro nos han permitido identificar una nueva aglomeración secundaria o vicus, denominado Ad Legionem, surgido a 2,2 km de distancia del campamento legionario de la legio VII gemina y en estrecha relación de d...

Исследование посвящено современным подходам к обеспечению маркшейдерско-геодезической информации в условиях цифровизации и интеллектуализации. Анализ показывает, что автоматизация процессов, таких как лазерное сканирование и аэрофотосъемка, достигла значительных успехов, однако некоторые задачи требуют участия человека. Исторический анализ демонстрирует эволюцию маркшейдерско-геодезической сферы: начиная от простых моделей месторождений до внедрения трехмерного моделирования и использования алгоритмов искусственного интеллекта. В статье программное обеспечение для обработки маркшейдерско-геодезической информации разделено на несколько категорий. Эти инструменты могут быть усовершенствованы с применением искусственного интеллекта и цифровых двойников для улучшения управления и автоматизации процессов. Цифровые технологии играют ключевую роль в дальнейшем развитии геопространственного обеспечения маркшейдерско-геодезической информации.

Este informe técnico describe el funcionamiento del sistema registral de escrituras y del sistema catastral en el condado de Miami-Dade, Florida, con énfasis en la ciudad de Miami. Se abordan los organismos responsables, procedimientos, acceso público y digitalización del registro de escrituras; el funcionamiento del catastro (precisión, tecnologías, acceso a datos y fines fiscales/legales); el rol del agrimensor (land surveyor) en cuanto a requisitos profesionales y su participación en subdivisiones, condominios y disputas de linderos; y finalmente la división de edificios en propiedad horizontal (condominios) en Miami, incluyendo la normativa aplicable, la constitución y registro de condominios, y su administración.

Cet article explore les dynamiques des périphéries urbaines en Afrique subsaharienne à travers une étude spécifique des quartiers périphériques de Lomé et de Yaoundé. En utilisant une approche qualitative, il analyse les processus d’appropriation
résidentielle des nouveaux citadins dans ces zones mettant en lumière six idéaux-types représentant différentes stratégies résidentielles : les éclaireurs et les défricheurs, figures de l’aventure, les grégaires et les parieurs, figures opportunistes les cartésiens et les ultra-exigeants, figures prudentes. Ces stratégies varient en fonction de la classe socioéconomique, de l’appartenance socio-ethnique et des aspirations personnelles des habitants. Les résidents de classe aisée adoptent des approches plus planifiées et ambitieuses, tandis que ceux de classe moins aisée préfèrent des approches plus progressives et la proximité sociale. L’appartenance à des groupes ethniques et des réseaux sociaux joue un rôle crucial en fournissant des ressources pour la réalisation des projets résidentiels. Face à cette diversité de stratégies, l’article souligne l’importance d’adapter les politiques d’urbanisme et d’habitat aux besoins variés des habitants et aux spécificités locales. Dans un contexte d’urbanisation rapide, une compréhension approfondie des dynamiques sociales, économiques et culturelles est nécessaire pour développer des modèles urbains appropriés.

Link to download the article: https://www.saprat.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/camenae-33-n-10-axworthy-angela-2.pdf
Published in Open Access in Camenae 33, May 2025, "Sciences et savoir en Aquitaine à l’époque de Montaigne, dir. A. Bouscharain, V. Giacomotto-Charra et S. Rommevaux-Tani.

GRUPPO LINGUISTICO TUNGUSO: IL "CASO" DEGLI EVENKI. I "CAVALIERI TUNGUSI" DEI REGGIMENTI COSACCHI DELLA TRANSBAIKALIA
February 2017
In book: QUI BASE ARTICA DIRIGIBILE ITALIA, SVALBARD. DALLA TERRA DEGLI ORSI POLARI UNA RASSEGNA E UN INVENTARIO CULTURALE DEI POPOLI DEL GRANDE NORD
Publisher: KDP Amazon
TUNGUS LINGUISTIC GROUP: THE "CASE" OF EVENKI. THE "TUNGUSIAN KNIGHTS" OF THE COSSACK REGIMENTS OF TRANSBAIKALIA

Meritve vodne bilance talnega profila in izdelava primerjalnega merilnika Obseg in oprema: 114 strani, 21 preglednic, 119 slik, 20 enačb Ključne besede: lizimeter, zapisovalnik, tipalo, kontrolni cilinder, talni profil, infiltracija Izvleček Analiza in razumevanje vodne bilance talnega profila je vse bolj aktualna, saj potrebe po večji učinkovitosti izrabe vode strmo naraščajo. Zaradi podnebnih sprememb in vse pogostejših suš, so prilagoditve v izrabi vode nujne. Le-te pa zahtevajo raziskave in nova znanja. V zadnjem času se za raziskave in analize vodne bilance talnega profila vse bolj uveljavljajo manjši pasivni kapilarni lizimetri s stenjem. Meritve z enim instrumentom običajno ne zadostujejo za resne izračune in zaključke iz pridobljenih rezultatov. Za analizo in referenco delovanja Decagonovega lizimetra je bil zato potreben dodatni referenčni ali primerjalni lizimeter. Podoben lizimeter je na raziskovalni ploskvi že nameščen, vendar je ta le podoben. Podobne dimenzije in podobna namestitev nista temeljna osnova za resno primerjavo in analizo. Potrebno je bilo izdelati nov lizimeter, enakih dimenzij. Prav tako mora biti namestitev obeh lizimetrov v talni profil popolnoma enaka. Diplomsko delo zajema dopolnitev, umerjanje, namestitev in priklop obstoječega lizimetra ter izdelavo, umerjanje in namestitev referenčnega ali primerjalnega lizimetra popolnoma enakih dimenzij z enakegm načinom vgradnje v talni profil. Oba lizimetra sta precej majhnih dimenzij, tako da pri izdelavi primerjalnega instrumenta ni bilo visokih stroškov. Poleg izdelave in namestitve so opravljene tudi meritve vodne balance talnega profila ter primerjava in analiza rezultatov meritev obeh instrumentov.

This research investigates applying bathymetric survey techniques in evaluating seabed morphology and quantifying sediment volumes before and after a dredging operation. The primary objective was to assess navigational improvements and sediment displacement through hydrographic surveying and geospatial analysis. Using tide-corrected depth readings referenced to a standard datum, pre-dredging depths ranged from 2.0 to 2.7 meters, while post-dredging depths reached the target range of 4.0 to 4.5 meters. High-resolution bathymetric data were processed within a GIS environment, allowing accurate cut volumes and surface area computations, with preand post-dredging volumes estimated at 1,554,307.706 m³ and 1,702,694.232 m³, respectively. The study also examined post-dredging morphology to detect depth uniformity and areas of overcutting or undercutting. Findings highlight the critical role of geospatial tools in managing dredging operations and ensuring channel optimization for safe marine navigation. Challenges encountered included tide variations, environmental constraints, and sediment inconsistencies. It is recommended that similar methodologies be adopted for future maintenance dredging projects, integrating real-time monitoring and environmental impact assessments to enhance sustainability.

Je tiens en premier lieu à remercier mes directeurs de thèse, Monsieur Jean-Pierre Husson et Monsieur Xavier Rochel. Ils ont formé un duo complémentaire et indispensable pour surmonter les obstacles tout au long de ces années de recherche. La disponibilité, les encouragements et les relectures attentives de Monsieur Jean-Pierre Husson furent très appréciables. Merci à lui d'avoir suivi mes travaux du master jusqu'au doctorat, depuis mon installation en Lorraine il y a dix ans. Je remercie Monsieur Xavier Rochel pour m'avoir ouvert à des thématiques de recherche très stimulantes. Merci à lui pour la confiance qu'il m'a accordée en acceptant de diriger cette recherche sur un sujet qu'il avait alors perçu comme porteur. Mes remerciements vont également à Madame Corinne Beck et à Madame Magalie Franchomme, ainsi qu'à Monsieur Stéphane Anglès et à Monsieur Jérôme Buridant, pour avoir accepté de venir jusqu'à Nancy prendre part au jury. Ce travail n'aurait pas pu aboutir sans toutes les personnes qui, de près ou de loin, ont contribué à sa réalisation et à son enrichissement. Je remercie spécialement Monsieur Jean-Luc Dupouey, d'avoir pris le temps, en me recevant au centre INRA de Champenoux, de partager ses connaissances en matière de digitalisation des cartes anciennes ; Madame Rachel Selinger-Looten, chargée de mission scientifique au Conservatoire d'Espaces Naturels de Lorraine, pour le temps accordé et le partage de données concernant les pelouses sèches ; le personnel des bibliothèques et des services d'archives fréquentés durant ces années de recherche, avec une mention spéciale à ceux des Archives départementales de la Meurthe-et-Moselle qui ont dû oeuvrer dans le contexte difficile d'un déménagement qui n'en finissait pas. L'appui des membres de ma famille s'est avéré crucial, surtout dans les derniers mois. Je leur dois beaucoup et les en remercie chaleureusement. À mes parents, pour leur soutien moral et matériel. Merci d'avoir su m'encourager dans les moments de doute et d'avoir su, dès l'enfance, susciter chez moi un intérêt pour la France rurale et ses patrimoines. Ceci n'est pas étranger à ma vocation de géographe. À mes soeurs qui, bien qu'éloignées géographiquement de moi, se sont toujours souciées de l'avancement de mes travaux. À mes beaux-parents pour leur dévouement et leur aide précieuse, notamment durant la période délicate des relectures. À mes beaux-frères et à ma belle-soeur pour leur aide, et sur lesquels j'ai toujours pu compter jusque dans les dernières heures de ce travail. J'ai une tendre pensée pour mes enfants : Théophile et Arthur, qui attendaient avec impatience que leur papa termine son « gros travail », et la petite dernière, Héloïse, qui a égayé ces derniers mois de thèse avec ses beaux sourires. À Jeany, mon épouse, sans laquelle cette thèse n'aurait jamais pu voir le jour, pour son soutien constant et sa patience à toute épreuve face aux sacrifices que ce travail a impliqués. Remerciements .

The amount of waste disposed off globally has significantly increased due to increase in population and change in consumer habits. Million tons of organic waste are disposed of globally through incineration, land applications, landfill, and other methods. Selecting appropriate places for waste landfills is a challenging task for planners, especially in states with dense populations such as Osogbo due to land scarcity, land prices, and increased solid waste generation. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimal suitable areas for the solid waste landfill for proper waste management in the study area. In this work, a multi-criteria decision-making approach combining GIS and the Fuzzy Logic technique for landfill suitability site evaluation was used. Six factors are involved in the selection process namely soil, drainage, land use/land cover, built-up areas, road network, and slope. Using the weighted overlay analysis tool in the GIS environment, the results of the MCDM assign...

This paper presents a methodology to consider vague soil parameters required for earthwork optimisation, and to develop a genetic algorithm-based constrained curve-fitting technique required for highway vertical alignment process. The weighted ground line method is an earthwork optimisation methodology based on a hypothetical reference line and taking into account three soil properties to calculate realistic cut–fill volumes, namely swelling potential, compactibility percentage, and material appropriateness percentage. In this study, fuzzy rule-based inference methodology, which utilises previous experiences that can be expressed with linguistic terms, is employed to characterise swelling/shrinkage behaviour. In addition, material appropriateness concept is also adopted into developed optimisation methodology by a parametric algorithm using technical specifications and geotechnical data. Consequently, the genetic algorithm approach is employed for the determination of final grade li...

Land-use planning is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land-use, and economic and social conditions in order to select and adapt the best land-use options. The aim of this study is to examine how geospatial information is the bedrock for land use planning and management with a focus on estate housing development. The project site is located at Eleko, Lagos State, Nigeria. The three (3) survey controls used for the connection of the project are ZTT 37/17, ZTT 37/18 and ZTT 37/19. Digital Survey instruments (Leica TCR 307, Level) were used for the acquisition of geospatial data of the site. Tacheometric survey method for spot heighting and ray method for detailing of features within and around the site. Grid levelling was carried out at 10 m intervals with staking at 10 m. The results obtained show that the total perimeter of the traverse is 839.805 m; total area of the site is 3.132 Hectares; and the linear accuracy of the traverse is 1/15,000. Grid levelling was carried out at 10 m intervals with staking at 10 m. This provides the elevation for each point which was used to provide contours for the terrain; and finally the production of topographic map and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the site which are used as tools for land use planning and its management. Therefore, it can be concluded that geospatial information such as topographic map and DTM are the bedrock for land use planning and management.

In the study of time series, new technique for smoothing the data is very important and evolving. This study presents a new technique for smoothing time series data. It is based on average and works in the time domain. It is aimed at creating a new series by redistributing the average of the reduced (halved) series of the variable of interest; it has the potential of reducing large peak. In this work, simulated stock data (S&P 500 quarterly stock value for 2005:1 -2014:4)) will be smoothed and residual analysis carried out to determined the performance of the technique. From the application of the technique, amongst other findings, the residual ɛ t from the technique was found to be white noise, which is the building block for time series models.

This paper is about the land revenue system that has historically been a cornerstone of agrarian economies, particularly in South Asia. Originating during ancient and medieval periods and later institutionalized under colonial rule, especially by the British in India, the system was designed primarily to extract revenue from agricultural produce. It significantly influenced land ownership patterns, socio-economic structures, and rural administration. In the Indian subcontinent, various systems such as the Zamindari, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari were implemented, each with distinct features regarding land ownership, assessment, and collection of taxes. Post-independence, many countries including Bangladesh and India reformed their land revenue systems to address issues of land rights, equity, and agricultural productivity. Today, while the system continues to serve as a crucial source of government income, especially at the local level, it also poses challenges like outdated land records, land disputes, and inefficiencies in tax collection. This paper explores the historical evolution, key features, and modern challenges of the land revenue system, with a particular focus on its implications for rural development and land governance.

Рекомендовано к печати Ученым советом Института истории и международных отношений Саратовского государственного университета им. Н.Г. Чернышевского (протокол № 1 от 29 августа 2024 г.) А  Монография посвящена греческим амфорам из собраний Евпаторийского краеведческого музея и Историко-археологического музея-заповедника «Калос Лимен». В первой главе изложена история исследования археологических памятников Северо-Западного Крыма, во второй-история формирования коллекций музеев. Третья глава посвящена комплексам, содержащим амфорную тару. Каталог разделен на две части-первая содержит описание 148 тарных сосудов из коллекции Евпаторийского музея, вторая-58 амфор из собрания музея-заповедника «Калос Лимен». В каталожной части приводятся аналогии и датировки по существующим классификациям. Издание снабжено указателями. Для специалистов в области античной археологии и истории.
The monograph is on the Greek amphorae from the collections of the Yevpatoria Museum of Local History and the Historical and
Archaeological Museum-Reserve “Kalos Limen”. In Chapter One the investigation history of archaeological sites in North-Western
Crimea is presented, and in Chapter Two there is the history of the museum collections formation. Chapter Three is devoted to
complexes containing amphora containers. The catalogue is divided into two parts: the first contains the description of 148 container
vessels from the collection of the Yevpatoria Museum, in the second there are 58 amphorae from the “Kalos-Limen” Museum-Reserve
collection. The catalogue section provides analogies and datings according to current classifications. The publication is provided with
indexes. For specialists in the field of Ancient Archeology and History.

I shall deserve the Reputation of having beene ye first to lay the grounds of two Sciences," wrote Thomas Hobbes in 1646, "this of Optiques and yt other of natural Justice." For him, optics and politics were two prongs of the same effort: to naturalize humans' relations to their world and to each other. It was Descartes' Dioptrique, handed to him by Kenelm Digby in 1637, that cleared for him the path: naturalizing humans required physicalizing vision-as Kepler taught in his own optics-and removing from nature of all cognitive entities such

Аннотация. В статье рассматривается неопубликованная р абота С.Ф. Стржелецкого «Страбонов Херсонес», написанная в 1953 г. Эта работа-первое обобщающее исследование «древнего Херсонеса», упомянутого Страбоном. Работа состоит из двух разделов-историографического и фактологического, в ней рассматриваются результаты раскопок Косцюшко-Валюжинича, Печёнкина, Лёпера и анализируются мнения исследователей по поводу «древнего Херсонеса». Стржелецкий исходит из той точки зрения, согласно которой «древний Херсонес» был «городом»; эта точка зрения была впервые высказана К.И. Габлицем в 1803 г. и затем развивалась А.Л. Бертье-Делагардом. В нашей статье мы критически рассматриваем историографические данные, имеющие отношение к «древнему Херсонесу» и обсуждаемые в работе Стржелецкого. Затем мы рассматриваем археологическую сторону «древнего Херсонеса». Основное внимание мы уделяем фортификационным сооружениям, т.е. стенам и башням, а именно их планировке и размерам. При этом мы используем как те работы, которыми пользовался Стржелецкий, так и результаты последующих раскопок: это наши раскопки у западной стены и раскопки, проведенные Гераклейской экспедицией в 2000-х гг. Ограничиться лишь теми работами, на которые ссылается Стржелецкий, было невозможно, т.к. данные, полученные Гераклейской экспедицией, позволяют уточнить некоторые более ранние мнения о стенах и башнях. Ключевые слова: «древний Херсонес» Страбона, херсонесский полис, археология Северного Причерноморья, античные фортификации. Цитирование: Зедгенидзе А.А. Работа С.Ф. Стржелецкого «Страбонов Херсонес» в свете предыдущих и последующих исследований // Новое прошлое / The New Past. 2024. № 4. С. 141-161.

Indian mathematics. There are numerous texts in mathematics deals about geometry with special reference. In Malayalam, there is no text entirely deals about Geometry. At this juncture the discovery of the text KÀ®traga¸itaAE printed from German Evangel Mission Press, Thelicherry of Kerala state in the year 1857 will be a noteworthy contribution to the technical literature of Malayalam. There is no reference about the text is available. But it is sure that the text was used as a reference manual for local surveyors of 19 th century Kerala.

In the realm of property development and renovation within the United Kingdom, the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 plays a pivotal role in governing construction activities that affect shared walls or structures between adjoining properties. This legislation ensures that building owners carry out their projects without infringing upon the rights of their neighbours, thereby maintaining structural integrity and neighbourly relations. Central to this process is the role of the Party Wall Surveyor, a professional tasked with overseeing and facilitating compliance with the Act.

Today, as a result of erratic and unplanned urbanization, towns are rapidly becoming a mass of concrete and town-dwellers are suffocated by their busy and stressful professional lives. They feel a need for places where they can find breathing-space in their free time. Green areas within towns are important spaces where townspeople are able to carry out recreational activities. These places form a link between townspeople and nature. The importance of urban green areas is increasing with every passing day due to their social, psychological, ecological, physical and economic functions and their impact on the quality of towns. In this study it has been attempted to demonstrate the pressures of urban development on agricultural land by determining the changing land use situation over the years in the district of Akhisar. In this research, an aerial photograph from year 1939 and satellite images of the town from the years 2000 and 2007 were used. Land use changes in the region were determined spatially. As a result of this study, which aims to determine in which direction urbanization is progressing in the district, the importance of town planning emerges. This study will be informative for the local authorities in their future town planning projects. With its flat and almost flat fertile arable land, the district of Akhisar occupies an important position within the province of Manisa. From the point of view of olive production the region is one of Turkey's important centres. Fifty-five percent of the olive production in the province of Manisa is realized in Akhisar. However, the results of the present study show that while agricultural areas comprised 2.5805 km 2 in 1939, these had diminished to 1.5146 km 2 in the year 2000 and had diminished to 1.0762 km 2 in the year 2007 and residential area (dense) 0.449 km 2 occupied in 1939, in the year 2000 this had risen to 1.9472 and 2.3238 km 2 in the year 2007. This planless urbanization in the study area has led to great losses of farmland. Keywords Town planning . Urban green areas . Urban and agricultural areas

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the surveying of horizontal geodetic networks. However, vertical geodetic network surveying has not yet been able to take advantage of GPS technology. When GPS data are processed, they yield heights above a smooth ellipsoid surface. Vertical control, on the other hand, is based on orthometric height. These are heights above a complex, equipotential surface called the geoid. To accurately convert ellipsoidal heights into orthometric heights, one must know the relationship of the geoid to the ellipsoid. Before now, geoid height in the United States was computed from spherical harmonic models possessing 0.5 degree resolution, or about 50 km. They do not embody the finescale structure of the geoid, and have provided only limited success in obtaining GPS-derived orthometric heights. Recent advances in processing methodologies now enable efficient computation of continental-scale, high resolution, geoid height models. At the National Geodetic Survey, we have developed GEOID90: a high-resolution geoid height model for the conterminous United States. GEOID90 was computed using nearly 1.5 million terrestrial and ship gravity data. It is modeled on a 37 x 3/ grid (about 5 km resolution), and spans 24 °N to 53 °N and 66 °W to 125°W. The increase in resolution has greatly improved the accuracy of GPS-derived orthometric heights. Comparisons between vertical bench marks and GPS surveys of county and statewide extent, demonstrate accuracy from a 10 cm RMS level (at 100 km distances) down to a 1 cm RMS (at 10 km distances) . This quantum leap in accuracy extends the utility of GPS technology and supports a wider variety of surveying and mapping requirements.

Ortogonal yöntemle ölçülen detayların koordinatlarının hesaplanmasında kullanılan bir hesap yöntemidir. Bu ölçü yönteminde çift beşgen (double pentagon) prizma kullanıldığı için bu yönteme prizmatik ölçü yöntemi de denir. Bu ölçü yönteminde A ve B yatay kontrol noktalarına jalonlar düşey olarak dikilip şaküllendikten sonra prizma ile detay noktalarından AB doğrusuna dikler düşülür, bu düşülen dik noktalarına A dan itibaren dik ayakları; ve dik boyları çelik şerit metre ile ölçülerek detay alım ölçü krokisine kaydedilir, daha sonra aşağıdaki hesap yöntemlerinden birisiyle bu detay noktalarının koordinatları hesaplanabilir.

The goal of this research is to examine the defects in buildings, how often maintenance is being carried out on these buildings with the objective of identifying such defects with symptoms they pose to the health of the occupants with regards to sick building syndrome (SBS). The methodology used to achieve the above goal was through physical inspection, the use of random sampling of church members in the study area by administering questionnaires to them. This was done after an exclusive literature of the topic. The research revealed that defects in buildings causes discomfort to the member of the church, and future great defect is anticipated on the structure and negative impact on the economic value of such properties. It also makes the built environment to be unattractive and reduces the prestige of the building. Recommendations made to reduce this effect are to carry out a regular routine check on the structure and adopt preventive measures at pre-construction stage and during construction stage so as to eradicate the problem of building defects.

Thanks to its particular position within the urban structure, Insula VII 4 offers an interesting potential to investigate how two key regions for our understanding of Pompeii’s urban evolution, Regio VI and the so-called Altstadt, were connected – or separated – throughout the centuries. Starting from new observations on a Hellenistic building for banquets under the north-western part of the insula the significance of the road intersection at the southern end of the Via di Mercurio as a junction that linked the public centre of Pompeii to the surrounding territory is discussed. In particular, it is suggested that the land division of Regio VI started from this junction. Two stone pillars probably set up as markers provide rare insight into how the axes of an orthogonal surveying grid were practically laid out with the help of triangles and ropes. Considered within the regional and supra-regional contexts, the characteristics of the division scheme per strigas and the use of a Greek measurement unit of ca. 31.8 cm find good analogies in the Late Archaic period, in particular in nearby Neapolis. Judging by the evidence in Insula VII 4 and its surroundings, this system of land division did not extend to the area of the ›Altstadt‹, but was separated from it by a strip of land that appears to have been left unbuilt throughout the Archaic period. Based on these observations we re-discuss the potential significance of this zone.

Die Chronik des Instituts für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik umfasst die historische Entwicklung an der Technischen Universität Berlin und ihren Vorgängerinstitutionen seit dem Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bis heute. Zu den Vorgängerinstitutionen gehören das Oberbaudepartment, die Bauakademie, die Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule zu Berlin und die Technische Hochschule Berlin. Zahlreiche Professoren, oftmals über die Grenzen Deutschlands bekannt, haben an den Bildungseinrichtungen unterrichtet und ihr wissenschaftlicher Lebenslauf wird am Ende eines jeden Kapitels beschrieben. Die Ausbildung von Feldmessern, Landmessern, Diplomingenieuren der Vermessung bis hin zum heutigen Studiengang „M.Sc. Geodesy and Geoinformation Science“ wird dabei detailliert erörtert und durch Statistiken der Studienzahlen und zahlreichen Fotos ergänzt.

Adequate infrastructure plays substantial roles in the economic development of nations. Over the years, Nigeria has failed immensely in the provision and maintenance of infrastructure. The Nigerian economy is yet to recover from the aftermath of the COVID 19 pandemic, and country is witnessing an all-time unimaginably high debt profile despite the rise in the international oil prices. In the midst of the above economic challenges, Nigeria is further plagued by hike in crude oil products, oil theft, relocation of major international oil companies out of Nigeria, and the payment of huge oil subsidies to private sector petroleum products marketing companies under questionable conditions by the government. All the above listed economic challenges have resulted in decreased public finance for effective governance. Land Value Capture (LVC) is a financing tool that is being successfully used for infrastructure financing in most developed countries. Some developing countries that have same socioeconomic peculiarities with Nigeria also use it. However, it is currently being-utilized in Nigeria. This paper is a theoretical survey of the various systems of LVC taxes effectively in use in other countries, the state of property-based tax practices in Anambra State, Nigeria, the challenges and the way forward for achieving improved public revenue.