Knowledge-based Economy

The notion of temporary organization allows project studies to connect with the broader discipline of management and organization studies. However, temporariness is an important structural property of many social systems, rather than just organizations. Economic geography has studied trade fairs and other professional gatherings and conceptualized them as temporary markets, clusters, or communities. With its unique focus on physical space, economic geography can enhance our understanding of temporary organizing. This is illustrated with reference to trade fairs, but can be extended to other professional gatherings, such as conferences and conventions, and to some extent, even to field-configuring events or places.

In recent years, the development of the information economy, as part of the knowledge economy, is seen as closely related to the aspects of digital and telecommunication impact and efficiency. Modern theories of economic growth focus on the contribution of ICT, research and development (R&D) and innovation to stimulate growth, while digital technologies are considered to increase inclusion in the knowledge economy. The article aims to identify and analyze key indicators that define the information economy's progress and its relationship with GDP growth. It investigates both widely used and less explored ICT-related metrics, resulting in a systematic classification of existing indicators used to assess the information economy's impact on economic expansion. Findings highlight the e-government index, the online services index and telecommunications infrastructure as the reliable measures. In contrast, the productive capacities index, although indicative, is less suitable for practical application due to its complexity and focusing on narrower aspects of information economy such as ICT accessibility.

This paper delves into the critical examination of the modern academic marketplace, treating it as a thermodynamically dissipative system that systematically violates the laws of energy conservation. We argue that the academic system, in its current form, operates like a "causal trap," driven by collective Stockholm Syndrome, which stifles innovation and leads to a state of "intellectual heat death." The study introduces a novel framework, mapping the components of the academic world to thermodynamic quantities such as potential energy, kinetic energy, entropy dissipation, and the systemic lack of new energy injection. We demonstrate how the system, by relying on outdated paradigms and resisting disruptive innovation, accelerates its own decline. The analysis concludes that the future of academia is predetermined to be a stagnation, marked by the loss of scientific vitality and the erosion of intellectual capital, unless radical changes are made to break the feedback loops that perpetuate its self-destruction.

This research paper explores the complex relationship between automation and labour market dynamics, focusing particularly on skill mismatch and unemployment. With rapid advancements in arificial intelligence (AI), robotics and machine learning, economies are undergoing transformative changes. While automation drives productivity and innovation, it also poses significant challenges for the workforce, including displacement of routine jobs and widening skill gaps. This paper investigates the multifaceted impact of automation on different sectors with a particular focus on how skill mismatch contributes to structural unemployment. Through a mixed method approach involving literature review and analysis of recent labour statistics, the study aims to offer actionable policy recommendations.

Through the idea of the image of thought (Noology), the paper aims to highlight the role of philosophy in the debate on critical environmental politics. Firstly, it proposes to examine the current relationship between scientific expertise and decision-making through the critical lens of the dualism between dogmatism and scepticism, highlighting its political role. Secondly, it suggests interpreting this dialectic as a conflict between formal and substantive rationality. Finally, the paper examines some contemporary eco-critical research paths to explore the possibility of rationality forms that extend beyond the framework of a disenchanted world, where the ‘formal’ takes precedence over the ‘substantive’.

This article examines the meanings and impact of 'Assessment for Learning' initiatives in schools against the back drop of assessment reform in Singapore since 1997. It is argued that Assessment for Learning' is understood in different ways, and these different meanings do not always benefit students' learning. The different meanings of 'Assessment for Learning' in Singapore are unpacked, and three areas for improvement for Assessment for Learning are suggested-clear standards for effective feedback practices, assessment for sustainable learning and assessment for integrating holistic learning. Assessment • Assessment for learning • Assessment as learning • Education policy • Singapore • Formative assessment 1 Recent educational developments and assessment reform in Singapore The education system in Singapore has been drastically transformed since its humble beginnings in 1965. Then, following its independence from colonial British rule, the under resourced system was not capable of meeting either the citizenship or the economic challenges (Gopinathan 1999). A slew of reforms has brought about much needed change and progress since then, leading the Times Education Supplement (Boost to morale 1997, p.1) to label Singapore as the most academically successful nation in the world. 1997 can be traced as a watershed in Singapore's education system. In that year, the Ministry of Education (MOE) of Singapore announced a new vision for education intended to produce school leavers capable of thriving in the new Millenium. This vision was termed Thinking Schools Learning Nation' (TSLN), and sought to motivate students to "value learning, empower them to use information for problem solving purposes, enabling them to work in teams to lead, share and follow, to learn in an open ended manner valuing divergence, K. Tan (B) Policy and Leadership Studies, National Institute of Education,

The increasing complexity and prevalence of modern cyber threats have transformed the protection of critical infrastructures and sensitive data into a vital challenge in the digital age. In this context, the convergence of emerging technologies has been proposed as an innovative approach to redefine cybersecurity paradigms. This research, focusing on the combined potential of these technologies, explores the feasibility of transforming cognitive computing from a theoretical concept into an operational tool for countering advanced threats. Utilizing the meta-synthesis method and following the seven-step framework of Sandelowski and Barroso, this study systematically analyzes the domains of cloud computing, quantum computing, and cognitive computing. Accordingly, a three-layer conceptual model has been developed: the infrastructure layer integrating cloud resources and quantum computing, the cognitive layer encompassing self-learning algorithms and cognitive analysis, and the application layer optimizing security decision-making. The convergence of these technologies results in reduced anomaly detection time, improved attack prediction accuracy, and optimized computational resource consumption. Furthermore, the integration of quantum processing in the infrastructure layer enables the resolution of complex nonlinear security problems at scale. The findings confirm that the proposed ecosystem not only enhances cybersecurity situational awareness but also, through reinforcement learning and intelligent resource distribution, provides the capability to respond to unknown threats. This research marks a significant step towards transforming cognitive computing into a scalable autonomous system that can serve as a preventive solution in national cybersecurity architecture.

Objective
Industrial policy has a rich history in both practice and theory. Following the end of World War II, it emerged as a central topic in development research and policy analysis, despite its definition, scope, and instruments evolving over time. This research aims to present the evolution of industrial policy thought, focusing on elucidating the concept by examining Brazil's historical experiences and policy implementations.

Methods
The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, utilizing a review approach through document analysis and library studies to examine the main objective of the study.

The notion of temporary organization allows project studies to connect with the broader discipline of management and organization studies. However, temporariness is an important structural property of many social systems, rather than just organizations. Economic geography has studied trade fairs and other professional gatherings and conceptualized them as temporary markets, clusters, or communities. With its unique focus on physical space, economic geography can enhance our understanding of temporary organizing. This is illustrated with reference to trade fairs, but can be extended to other professional gatherings, such as conferences and conventions, and to some extent, even to field-configuring events or places.

This essay is the ground base for the evaluation of the architectural and infrastructural development and culture of living in modern Prilep. This will be made from the perspective of a researcher focused on urbanization in the Roman era. We believe that the knowledge of the processes of how Roman settlements transformed in complex socio-economical contexts gives the required credibility to evaluate human behavior towards the environment and the impact of interactions between people and their surroundings in contemporary settings. We believe that the skill to identify progressive and decadent changes, building activities of modest quality, or a particular profane behavior, considering both, the qualitative and the quantitative aspects during the Roman period, provides a foundation for an objective evaluation of the sophistication, cultural norms, and quality of social life within a contemporary environment. Regarding this, an in-depth examination of the articulation of the modern socio-cultural environment has been conducted simultaneously and given at the end of this volume.

Traditional geopolitics from the theories of Frederich Ratzel, Haushofer, Mackinder and Mahan and Spykman to the theories of Cohen and Lacoste, and finally to critical and postmodern geopolitics have their own interpretations and goals based on world views and opinions. Feminism as a critical discourse of geopolitics has a continuing series of privileged relationships with progressive political movements that emerged in the 1960s. Feminist geopolitics while constructing on critical geopolitics, it reconstructs political opportunities by identifying gaps in dominant geopolitical texts. It should be highlighted that it provides new ways to theorize and apply the connections between space and politics. It is to reform the ways in which knowledge is produced and the epistemological methods derived from cognition. By use of descriptive-analytical approach and library-internet resources, the study focuses on the emergence of critical geopolitics. After that the definition of geopolitics, and then feminism will be discussed and analyzed in the place of feminist geopolitics in critical geopolitics.

Business exit strategies are fundamental to ensuring a company's long-term viability. Despite their critical role, this area of research has been surprisingly understudied. This knowledge gap can leave companies unprepared to navigate the complexities of exiting a market or business venture. To bridge this critical knowledge gap, our study conducts a
systematic literature review, analyzing research findings from the past three decades (1990-2022). By synthesizing key findings, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current research trends in business exit strategies. This analysis will not only offer valuable insights into existing knowledge but also identify potential gaps and opportunities for future exploration. By understanding the research landscape, we can pave the way for more informed decision-making and successful business exit strategies.

El profundo proceso de transformación que colocó al conocimiento como uno de los principales factores explicativos del crecimiento y del desarrollo socio-económico ha impulsado aceleradamente la integración de las universidades en la dinámica socio-económica. En este marco, la transferencia tecnológica ha cobrado una relevancia clave como mecanismo de interacción con el entorno socio-productivo y como motor de fortalecimiento del Sistema Nacional de Innovación. A través de la adopción de esta función, las universidades argentinas han iniciado un proceso de institucionalización que derivó en la creación de oficinas de transferencia tecnológica, que podrían comprenderse entre las denominadas estructuras de interfaz. En este trabajo se presentan algunas consideraciones y observaciones orientadas a enriquecer la mirada sobre estas nuevas estructuras, con el objeto de favorecer la discusión acerca del rol que juegan las OTT en el contexto actual y promover el diseño e implementación de n...

In 2022, Pakistan introduced its first National Security
Policy (2022-2026), which shifted focus from geostrategy
to geo-economy, positioning economic security
as the cornerstone of national stability. The policy
identifies key challenges, including external imbalances
and economic inequalities, and aims to address them
through a comprehensive approach. Key focus areas
include promoting sustainable growth through higher
savings and industrial development, improving fiscal
management, enhancing energy security, and fostering
technological innovation. The paper also emphasizes the
need for an industrial policy, consistent governance,
increased investment in research and development
(R&D), and specialized vocational training.
Furthermore, strengthening regional trade relations,
improving law and order, and diversifying energy
sources are critical for Pakistan’s economic security. By
addressing these areas, Pakistan aims to enhance
industrial competitiveness, increase foreign investment,
and secure long-term economic growth. The paper
concludes with strategic recommendations for policy
continuity, fiscal discipline, and investment in human
capital to create a resilient and diversified economy.

Le système éducatif congolais a toujours encouragé les jeunes à obtenir des diplômes de niveau supérieur. Malheureusement ces derniers se retrouvent en chômage suite à l'inadéquation qualitative et quantitative entre l'offre du travail et les besoins du marché. Dans tous les cas, pour l'éducation, le critère de quantité d'institutions et d'étudiants semble l'avoir emporté sur celui de la qualité de l'enseignement. Retrouver un jeune diplômé universitaire en chômage ne constitue plus une exception mais plutôt la règle. Quels sont donc les différents facteurs explicatifs du chômage des jeunes universitaires en milieu de Butembo ? Quels sont les déterminants d'accès au premier emploi après les études ? Cet emploi répond-il aux attentes de ces universitaires ? Tout en remettant légèrement en cause le rôle du diplôme, la présente étude propose quelques pistes pour que les universités assurent l'employabilité de leurs étudiants. Abstract (English) The Congolese education system has always encouraged young people to obtain higher level diplomas. Unfortunately, the latter find themselves unemployed because of the qualitative and quantitative mismatch between the supply of labor and the needs of the market. In any case, for education, the criterion of the quantity of institutions and students seems to have prevailed over that of the quality of teaching. Finding a young university graduate unemployed is no longer an exception but rather the rule. So what are the different factors explaining the unemployment of young university students in the middle of Butembo? What are the determinants of access to job after studies? Does this job meet the expectations of these academics? While slightly questioning the role of the diploma, this study proposes some ways for universities to ensure the employability of their students.

L'espace a toujours occupé une place primordiale en littérature, puisqu'il demeure la toile de fond contextuel qui l'inscrit dans la diégèse. Les nouvelles recherches dépassent la conception de la géographie fictionnelle, dans l'acte de la créativité scripturale, et son impact sur l'univers politicofictif pour revoir la dimension géopoétique de l'espace. Cet article tente de comprendre, à partir d'une analyse comparative minutieuse, la relation entre la géopolitique et la géopoétique dans les deux témoignages romancés « Le Camp » d'Abdelhamid Benzine et « Cette aveuglante absence de lumière » de Tahar Benjelloun. Nous allons voir comment la prison (espace commun dans les deux oeuvres) devient une espace libérateur des auteurs et de leurs personnages tout en déchiffrant les relations dominé/dominant, et en transgressant l'univers romanesque.

El presente estudio indaga sobre la gestión de Áreas de Investigación Universitaria (AIU) en el contexto del Capitalismo Cognitivo (CC) (éste último concebido como determinante macro-político global de las prácticas micro-políticas de gestión llevadas a cabo en las organizaciones educativas del siglo XXI), analizando la relación entre Universidad-Empresa-Estado y las modalidades de transferencia del conocimiento localmente producido, de acuerdo a las dimensiones utilizadas por la Comisión Nacional de Evaluación Universitaria (CONEAU) en Argentina, como agencia o dispositivo que signa la institución del CC en la Educación Superior, conforme a un proceso de liberalización y des-centralización que ha supuesto el desplazamiento estratégico del Estado como evaluador del sistema educativo.

Rapid expansion of Nigerian educational system in response to the second millennium development goals (MGDS) (Education for All) has resulted to an increase in the number of institutions of learning and greater demands for education. This is evidenced in UNICEF (2005) statistics of Nigeria at a glance. Yet yearly these percentage of pupils have no access to University Education (Quantity) and those that are there are given sub-standard education (quality). In conclusion the paper addresses some current educational issues of quantity and quality in information and communication technology (ICTs) as a tool in meeting the challenges of quantity and quality education in this 21st century. Many countries have used the potentials of ICTs in meeting the challenges of quantity and quality education. The case of Nigeria is different in fully implementing ICT in solving the problems of quantity and quality education. Ten major challenges are reported in this paper in line with this the following recommendations where male among others to provide sufficient numbers of computers and electronic media, train teachers with the knowledge and skill of ICT, limit the teaching of the use of generic computer software to basic educational level, provide a enough simultaneous access to web, as well as provision of technical experts.

Background: Knowledge-based economy is not only a new theoretical concept but also a new era that is fundamentally different from the era of agricultural and industrial economy. The development process of the knowledge-based economy is the formation of a knowledge-based economy, which will mean the beginning of a new stage in the development of the global economy. Nowadays, the economy based on knowledge and entrepreneurship is one of the important issues for the growth and development of various economic sectors of the world, in which the agricultural sector, similar to other economic sectors, requires the use of knowledge, innovation, and technology for growth and development. In the new models of agricultural development, knowledge and technology have an important place in the growth and development of sustainable agriculture, and these models are referred to as scientific agriculture, agriculture based on knowledge and technology, and knowledge agriculture. In other words, it means the development of the agricultural knowledge base, knowledge management, technology, and innovation in agriculture. Therefore, the role of knowledge in the agricultural development process has nowadays gained significant importance. Currently, knowledge and information, such as land, capital, and labor, are the main factors of production in the agricultural sector, and therefore, the access of farmers to modern knowledge in agriculture plays an essential role in agricultural and rural development. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the effect of knowledge-based economy indicators on the added value of the agricultural sector of the D8 member countries (including Iran, Bangladesh, Turkey, Malaysia, Egypt, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Nigeria). Methods: In general, the indicators of knowledge economy can be divided into two categories. The first category focuses on the basic characteristics of the knowledge-based economy, and these indicators describe the share of the knowledge-based economy in the overall economy of the country. For example, the proportion of people working in high-tech industries, or the proportion of people with higher education who make universities powerful centers that consolidate strong intellectual capital and produce new knowledge and technological innovations in their research activities. The second largest group consists of the so-called performance or output indicators, which include the production of high-tech industries, hightech exports, GDP growth, and labor productivity growth. There are several approaches to classifying the knowledge-based economy indicators, among which the World Bank, instead of indicators based on the knowledge-based economy characteristics, argues the pillars of the knowledge-based economy, and these four pillars are the economic and institutional regime, education and human resources, information and communication infrastructure, and the innovation system. In this research, the indicators of the knowledge-based economy for 8 D8 member countries were prepared using the model introduced by the World Bank, which is a complete and common model, during 2000-2019. All study data, including economic growth, regulatory quality, and corruption control for the institutional regime and economic motivation, scientific journal articles, patent applications for the innovation system, internet users and mobile phone users for information and communication technology, registration rate in the second academic year, and the enrollment rate in the third year, the guidelines for training and development of human resources were obtained from the World Bank website. The PANEL ARDL method was used to estimate the model. Results: Before estimating the model, four economic indicators, innovation, education, and information technology of Islamic developing countries were calculated during the reviewed

Abstract: Todays, investments on information technology is increasing day by day and IT governance and strategic alignment between business and IT goals have been more important than the past. Also, business managers have faced with IT governance multi-dimensional issue due to salient growth of cloud computing and its governance challenges. Context and nature dependency of cloud computing governance is one of the above complex dimensions. Therefore, in this research governmental enterprises challenges, as one of the actors of the country economy and industrial ecosystem identified and prioritized using the comments of 94 experts by questionnaire and interview techniques. Findings of this research demonstrate that there are 18 fundamental challenges at 9 domain. Culture, direction and strategy are the most important challenging domains in cloud computing governance objectives achieving process and lack of transparency in governmental enterprises, lack of business knowledge of IT mana...

Emotional intelligence connects a leader's cognitive abilities with their emotional state. The ability for a leader to identify the impact of their own emotions on ability to communicate effectively is vital if that leader is to make sound decisions based on the best interests of the organization. Additionally, a leader must be able to read emotions in their peers and employees in order to be as effective as possible. The purpose of the current study was to decide whether emotional intelligence played a significant role in communication effectiveness. This study attempts to discover whether there is any impact of emotional intelligence on communication effectiveness of an employee of an organization. This study was conducted in Nagpur city and it is restricted to selected private banks of Nagpur city only.

This paper investigates the effectiveness of the Functional Inductive Approach (FIA) in perfecting speaking among ESL/EFL learners. The study examines FIA's theoretical foundations, and practical applications in classrooms, and compares it with deductive and other teaching methods. Employing a mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, classroom observations, and pre-and post-tests, comprehensive data on learner outcomes and perceptions were gathered. Findings indicate that FIA promotes active learning, contextual understanding, and effective speaking skill development, underscoring its potential as a valuable pedagogical approach in language education.

India's demographic shift presents both opportunities and challenges as the nation transitions into a knowledgebased economy. With over 500 million people under the age of 25, India's workforce must be equipped with the right skills to compete in the globalised world. However, the current education system, especially at the secondary and senior secondary levels, requires reform to meet the demands of a liberalised economy. This article explores the need for a flexible and skill-oriented education system that can enhance India's economic competitiveness. Special emphasis is placed on policy planning for secondary and senior secondary education and its role in preparing India's youth for the labour market. Additionally, the challenges and strategies for aligning India's workforce with global economic trends are discussed.

Language awareness in TESOL encompasses an educator's understanding of the historical evolution of English, phonological principles, and accent variation. Part 1 explores how English has been shaped by socio-political forces and linguistic influences, providing educators with a deeper insight into its dynamic development. By addressing place and manner of articulation, rhythm, stress, intonation, and regional English varieties, TESOL practitioners can enhance students' pronunciation skills and cultural awareness. Additionally, recognising English's linguistic commonalities with other Germanic and Romance languages facilitates vocabulary acquisition, helping learners draw connections between English and their native languages.

The paper investigates the complex role that technological innovation has played in improving U.S. Gross Domestic Product and its consequent impact on reducing national debt. The paper illustrates how investments in technology could support not only the stimulation of economic growth but also the increase of government revenues, reduction of public sector costs, and improvement in debt sustainability-all based on a review of economic theories, historical case studies, and quantitative analyses. The analysis highlights critical sectors in which innovation has historically contributed to economic expansion, while the new technologies holding promise for future growth are also examined. The paper discusses potential risks of rapid technological change, such as job displacement and income inequality, and provides policy recommendations to mitigate these risks. The main findings are that it is prime important to have a strategic approach toward fostering innovation to strengthen the U.S. economy and achieve long-term debt reduction. The balance between economic growth and national debt reduction remains a persistent challenge for the United States. This paper examines the role of technological innovation in boosting U.S. GDP and its potential to reduce national debt. Through an analysis of economic theories, historical case studies, and quantitative data, the study explores how technological advancements can enhance productivity, reduce costs, and increase government revenues. The paper also addresses the risks associated with rapid technological change, such as job displacement and income inequality, offering policy recommendations to mitigate these issues. The findings suggest that strategic investments in innovation are crucial for sustaining economic growth and achieving longterm debt reduction.

The semiconductor industry has contributed to the economic stability and national defense of the United States for decades. Growing competition, particularly in Asia, places the dilemma on how the U.S. will regain its lead in semiconductor manufacturing to remain economically secure and militarily ready. If these areas are given needed attention, then it is apparent that the U.S. can safeguard its economic future and hold its technological superiority in defense. The paper concludes with a call to action for policymakers and industry leaders, featuring detailed policy recommendations requiring immediate coordinated action. This research paper examines the critical role of the semiconductor industry in maintaining the United States economic stability and national defense. In light of increasing global competition, particularly from Asia, the U.S. faces significant challenges in regaining its leadership in semiconductor manufacturing. This paper explores the intricate relationship between semiconductor dominance and national security, emphasizing the economic and defense implications. Through a detailed analysis of supply chain vulnerabilities, technological competition, and strategic initiatives, the paper presents actionable recommendations for strengthening U.S. semiconductor leadership. The findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated publicprivate partnerships, increased RD funding, and robust legislative support to secure the nations technological and economic future.

This paper analyzes the role of intellectual capital ie intellectual property in economic and social development, as well as its function within the company as an important and often crucial development factor. Furthermore, this paper explains the knowledge-based economy as a fundamental change in the economy and its logical path of development. The focus of this paper is on methods and models for measuring intellectual capital. The authors present and analyze quantitative and qualitative methods and approaches, and in the conclusion, they provide a critical review and propose a new direction for measuring intellectual capital. Apart from the above, an example of assessing the value of intangible assets of small and medium-sized enterprises from the countries of the European Economic Area is provided.

The growth and development of potential in nationally targeted industries based on the "Thailand 4.0" strategy requires highly skilled labor in specific areas to build new knowledge and competitive capacity in global competition. The formulation of policy, systems, and mechanisms in workforce production and development was the qualified mechanism for attracting and promoting talent to support the systematic mobilization of the national economy. Therefore, this research was aimed at studying the issues and recommendations regarding the roles of Thai higher education institutions (HEIs) in attracting foreign talent to work in Thailand as the mobilization of competitive capacity in main economic sectors and industries. This study was conducted using the constructivist research paradigm and the phenomenological research strategy. The key informants were representatives from 23 organizations whose roles involve talent attraction from foreign countries. Informants were selected through the purposeful sampling method and participated in in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using content analysis and ensured by triangulation. Issues in attracting foreign-born talent to work in Thailand were summarized based on the findings and classified into three dimensions: (1) bridging gaps of national policies; (2) supporting industry development; and (3) integrating mechanism. Thai HEIs can perform their roles based on the identified components to formulate the policy and develop the talent attraction system. Future research should focus on implementing these recommended strategies in diverse contexts to assess their effectiveness and further refine approaches for attracting international talent to Thailand.

This article aims to identify "factors affecting the establishment of research-oriented learning organization in education (specifically education department in Kermanshah province)" by using a mixed method and combining qualitative (data base) and quantitative (survey) methods. The socio-statistical research consists of two qualitative-quantitative parts; In the qualitative part, the sample size of the research was 20 people; 20 interviews were conducted with the managers and employees of the education department as well as with science experts using the method of "theoretical sampling". In terms of the quantitative method, using the Cochran formula, 384 people including the education teachers of Kermanshah province at both levels of primary (including first to sixth grades) and secondary (including seventh to twelfth grades) were considered randomly.The information collected from the interviews was analyzed using the foundational data research method (Grounded Theory) and the information obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis tests and structural equation modeling. in this research in order to measure the validity of the questionnaire, both content validity (using face validity method) as well as construct validity were used. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability.The findings have shown that the "research-oriented learning organization" is a dynamic and changing entity that has "individual and organizational" causal factors (including personality traits, beliefs and needs of educators and learners, job motivations and organizational planning), background factors based on "fundamental modernization and evolution" (including evolution in the education system, organizational evolution and individual one), "intra-organizational" intervening factors (including organizational facilities and capacities, organizational structure, management and organizational culture)  are effective on the establishment of this phenomenon in education. Based on the respondants’ viewpoints, individual factors (with an average of 4.11), evolutions in the education system (with an average of 3.67) and organizational structure (with an average of 3.16) had the greatest effect in comparison to other identified factors.

Nowadays, many European, American, and Australian cities are faced with the problem of shrinkage, manifested through demographic decline, economic loss and perforation of urban tissue. In the face of the shrinkage process, there are many challenges that cities and planning faced with. This paper presents „greening“ as a new approach for urban renewal of shrinking cities. Through the review of the greening models implemented in developed countries, the paper examines "greening", understood as a tool for the improvement of the quality of built, natural, and living environment, i.e. an opportunity for qualitative changes within these retired cities regarding their chances of recovery and success. Lessons learned from these examples offer guidelines and recommendations for the reframing of urban planning in the context of Balkan shrinking cities

Nelle moderne economie basate sulla conoscenza, la disponibilità di capitale umano qualificato ha assunto un ruolo fondamentale per la competitività e la capacità innovativa dei sistemi economici avanzati. Il contributo tenta di investigare e delineare la fisionomia dei flussi di high skilled migration che insistono sulla città di Milano, facendo emergere le direttrici e le caratteristiche strutturali delle migrazioni di forze lavoro laureate, studenti universitari, accademici, manager e founder.

Whitin modern knowledge-based economies, the availability of qualified human capital has come to play a fundamental role in the competitiveness and innovativeness of advanced economic systems. The paper aims to outline the flows of high skilled migration in the city of Milan, trying to shape streams and structural characteristics of migrations regarding graduated workforces, university students, academics, managers and founders.

Organisationsprinzipien der Creative Industries Die Creative Industries haben sich in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten zu einem neuen wirtschaftlichen Sektor entwickelt, der auch politische und gesellschaftliche Anerkennung erfährt. Hintergrund dieser Entwicklung sind verschiedene nationalstaatliche und Staaten übergeordnete politische Initiativen. 1998 erlässt die UK-Regierung das Creative Industries Mapping Document (DCMS 2001 [1998]); im Jahr 2003 schlägt das Europäische Parlament eine Definition der "Cultural Industries" vor 1 und darauffolgend veröffentlicht die UNCTAD (United Nation Conference on Trade and Development) den-noch weiter gefassten-Creative Economy Report (UNCTAD 2008). 2 2003 wird der erste Schweizer Bericht zur Kulturwirtschaft verfasst (Weckerle et al. 2003) und 2007 startet in Deutschland die Bundesregierung die Initiative Kultur-und Kreativwirtschaft 3. Was ursprünglich als kultur-und wirtschaftspolitisches Thesenpapier zur ökonomischen und politischen Anerkennung-oder auch Konstruktion-eines sich neu formierenden wirtschaftlichen Sektors in Erscheinung trat, ist längst zu einem Gegenstand sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung avanciert (Caves 2002; Jones et al. 2015). Die Auseinandersetzung mit den Creative Industries scheint dabei nur Ausdruck einer generell gestiegenen Wertschätzung von Kreativität zu sein, die in praktisch sämtlichen Gesellschaftsbereichen eingefordert wird. Insofern gibt es auffällige Parallelen zu Fragen der Innovationsbereitschaft und-fähigkeit, die ja längst nicht mehr auf high tech-Industrien beschränkt sind. Der sozialwissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen der Kreativität bieten sich Anknüpfungspunkte, die von der mittlerweile klassischen Kreativitätsforschung der Psychologie und Sozial

Placemaking inspires people to collectively reimagining and reinvent public places as the heart of the community, strengthening the connection between people and the places they share, the concept of happiness and well-being has gained significant attention in various fields includ ing sociology, interior urbanism, and place branding. Understanding the factors that contribute to community happiness, engagement, and quality of life has become a dominant focus in the realm of placemaking. Hence Integrating the science of happiness into placemaking as a transformative force to create environments that foster positive emotions, promote social connections, and enhance overall life satisfaction. Furthermore, influencing how communities are both created and perceived. Research problem lies in the relationship between the science of happiness and placemaking and its role in enhancing the individual's sense of community belonging. Research objective: Foster the placemaking strategy through applying the science of happiness in place branding and interior urbanism, to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all which will lead to achieve SDGs no.3. Research methodology: The research follows the descriptive approach based on gathering information to build a theoretica l framework based on previous studies, and an analytical case study of Lighthouse in Mountain View Egypt, to gain deeper insights into the practical applications and challenges associated with integrating happiness science into placemaking strategies. The research conclude s integrating the science of happiness into placemaking can create environments that foster positive emotions, promote place image, social connections, and quality of life.

The Intensification of economic pressures on Iran through the imposition of sanctions, led to the development of the ‘Resistive economy’ doctrine as the central economic strategy during the early 2010’s. This was followed by the ratification of related public policies during 2013. Concentrating on the energy sector, the main objectives of the present study is to examine the extent to which adopted policies cohere with the central tenants of the “Resistive Economics” doctrine, as originally proposed by the leadership of Iran. Additionally, the study purports to examine if there is any potential for improving current policies by drawing on the findings of mainstream literature.
Utilizing the ‘‏Descriptive research method’ and ‘content analysis’ the study finds that: First, the central tenant of the ‘Resistance Economy doctrine’ is to make the Iranian economy resistant to shocks such as wars, sanctions and politico-economic pressures, rather than general and long-term goals such as increasing growth rate or reducing energy consumption. Second, some “policies” currently in place (such as increasing the National Development Fund's share from oil revenues) are too general, and do not necessarily help in strengthening the energy sector against international pressures such as wars, sanctions, etc. It is notable that these policies have already been mentioned under other upstream documents. Thirdly, a review of the mainstream literature, as well as an analysis of concepts such as ‘resilience’, ‘sustainability’, etc. shows that vital components which are essential for strengthening the energy sector against shocks (such as war etc.) have been largely neglected.

Realization of the knowledge-based economy model is a basic requirement for developing countries. In this model, knowledge plays important role in improving productivity.  This paper claims that in a world where the economic ties are formed in terms of the knowledge-based economy, a resource-dependent economic model, regardless of productivity, is not a proper solution for the Iranian economy. Due to the necessity of moving from oil-based to knowledge-based economy in Iran, this paper studies the impact of oil revenues on productivity and realization of knowledge-based economy. This research employs a descriptive – analytical method to define and identify characteristics of knowledge-based economy and examines the obstacles resulting from spending oil revenues in creating knowledge-based economy. This paper finds that spending rents from oil revenues, through its reward structure and knowledge direction lead the Iran economy to the unproductive knowledge and consequently low rates of productivity and prevent the creation of productive knowledge, then prevent the realization of the knowledge-based economy in Iran.

The knowledge-based economy is the newest pattern of production in the current era. So far, this pattern has resulted in unique achievements for a wide range of countries. This study aims to classify the provinces of Iran in terms of Knowledge-based economy. The classification of provinces based on their similarity in achieving the knowledge-based production pattern is the first step for correct and realistic planning. The same version cannot be used for different provinces. The regional knowledge-based economy index is defined in three dimensions: education, innovation, and information and communication technology, based on 15 sub-indices. The classification is based on the clustering technique, which is one of the branches of unsupervised learning. To do this, k-means and fuzzy c-means algorithms are used simultaneously to compare their results. The optimal number of clusters is calculated through the Silhouette coefficient. This coefficient also indicates the accuracy of the clustering results. Clustering based on the fuzzy c-means algorithm in 6-cluster case with a Silhouette coefficient of 0.77 is the most appropriate classification for research purposes. The results show that there is a clear discrepancy between different provinces in the context of knowledge-based economy. Tehran and Alborz are in separate clusters and are among the leading classes compared to others, while more than half of the provinces belong to backward cluster.

Le présent travail analyse I 'impact des projets de développement rural en Algérie dans le cadre de la nouvelle stratégie participative. La constatation d’une évolution récente passe par la caractérisation du milieu rural et I 'analyse de plusieurs indicateurs dans la région de Mascara. On observe un Indice de Développement Rural Durable qui augmente d’une année a I 'autre, mais variable d'une commune a I 'autre. L’Indice de Développement Economique Rural est faible par rapport à l'Indice de Développement Humain et Social (IDHS), ce qui explique un e exode rural important dans la région. L'Indice de Structuration de I 'Emploi (ISE) en milieu rural montre une certaine fragilité confirmée par un nombre important d’emplois temporaires. L’Indice de Développement Agricole reste faible, malgré la vocation de la région, ce qui s’explique par une sécheresse prolongée et des moyens souvent inadaptés. L'Indice de Développement de I 'Environnement reste ...

Joseph A. Schumpeter (1883-1950) zählt zu den bedeutendsten und einflussreichsten deutschsprachigen Nationalökonomen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Das Wirken des Ökonomen auf die deutsch-und englischsprachige ökonomische Literatur und Forschung ist im Bereich der Volkswirtschaftslehre breit untersucht worden. Schumpeter hat in seinen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten jedoch auch Themen aufgegriffen, die besondere Relevanz für die Betriebswirtschaftslehre besitzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss der deutschen und österreichischen Nationalökonomie auf die Betriebswirtschaftslehre am Beispiel Schumpeters: Welchen Einfluss hat der Ökonom Schumpeter auf die deutsche Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere in den vergangenen Jahren ausgeübt? Aus dem umfangreichen OEuvre des Nationalökonomen mit österreichischen Wurzeln werden mit den Theorien zur Innovation und zum Unternehmertum zwei Themen aufgegriffen, die in den vergangenen Jahren eine herausgehobene Bedeutung in der BWL erlangt haben. Schumpeter gilt als geistiger Urheber der Innovationsforschung bzw.-lehre und damit für das Technologie-und

Joseph A. Schumpeter (1883-1950) zählt zu den bedeutendsten und einflussreichsten deutschsprachigen Nationalökonomen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Das Wirken des Ökonomen auf die deutsch-und englischsprachige ökonomische Literatur und Forschung ist im Bereich der Volkswirtschaftslehre breit untersucht worden. Schumpeter hat in seinen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten jedoch auch Themen aufgegriffen, die besondere Relevanz für die Betriebswirtschaftslehre besitzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss der deutschen und österreichischen Nationalökonomie auf die Betriebswirtschaftslehre am Beispiel Schumpeters: Welchen Einfluss hat der Ökonom Schumpeter auf die deutsche Betriebswirtschaftslehre, insbesondere in den vergangenen Jahren ausgeübt? Aus dem umfangreichen OEuvre des Nationalökonomen mit österreichischen Wurzeln werden mit den Theorien zur Innovation und zum Unternehmertum zwei Themen aufgegriffen, die in den vergangenen Jahren eine herausgehobene Bedeutung in der BWL erlangt haben. Schumpeter gilt als geistiger Urheber der Innovationsforschung bzw.-lehre und damit für das Technologie-und