Kırsal Miras

I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality as a thesis for the degree of Fine Arts. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Feyzan Erkip I certify that I have read this thesis and in my opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality as a thesis for the degree of Fine Arts.

Located in Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region, the province of Şanlıurfa has been continuously inhabited from prehistoric times to the present. Over this period, numerous civilizations have left behind artifacts reflecting their cultures and ways of life. In later periods, people often chose areas with ancient ruins as settlement sites and frequently utilized these remnants to construct new buildings. Today, these settlements, closely intertwined with archaeological sites, are predominantly located in rural areas. The coexistence of rural settlements and archaeological sites sometimes enhances the cultural heritage value of these areas. However, it also poses significant challenges regarding the preservation, management, and evaluation of archaeological sites. Understanding and evaluating the dual relationship between rural settlements and archaeological sites in Şanlıurfa is therefore of critical importance. The primary aim of this study is to identify and evaluate settlements in Şanlıurfa that integrate rural settlements and archaeological sites. Despite the presence of numerous rural settlements situated on or around archaeological sites in Şanlıurfa, no comprehensive academic or scientific study addressing this coexistence has been conducted. Thus, this study is expected to make a significant contribution to the literature by identifying and classifying rural settlements that coexist with archaeological sites in Şanlıurfa. This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods and was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, through a literature review and archival research, rural settlements intertwined with archaeological sites and designated as conservation sites were identified. In the second stage, these settlements were analyzed, and the interaction between rural settlements and archaeological sites was evaluated.

Turkiye’de konut sektoru, bircok sehirde gunumuz teknolojik ve finansal gelismeleri sayesinde oldukca dinamik bir piyasa yapisina sahiptir. Turkiye ekonomisinin performansinda onemli bir yapi tasidir. Hem arz yonuyle hem de talep yonuyle piyasanin bircok bileseni vardir. Son yillarda Turkiye'de konut piyasasinda talepteki daralmaya bagli olarak arz fazlaligi sorunu yasanmaktadir. Bu calismada piyasanin talep yonune odaklanilmis ve konut talebi hanehalkinin sosyodemografik, ekonomik yapisi ve konutun nitelikleri dikkate alinarak mikro boyutuyla analiz edilmistir. Konut tercihi, konutun hem mulk hem de kiralik olmasi ve piyasa degeri dikkate alinarak kategorik bir bagimli degisken olusturulup incelenmistir. Multinomial Logit modeli kullanilarak analiz yapilmistir. Ordu ili merkez ilcesinde yasayan hanehalkindan toplanan veriler kullanilmistir. Analiz sonuclarina gore konut lokasyonunda son on yilda nufus artis hizi azalmissa, hanehalkinin yuksek fiyatli mulk edinme olasiligi artma...

Mulk ve kiralik konut arzi iyi bir konut piyasasinin gerekliligidir. Cunku farkli gelir gruplarinca farkli amaclar icin talep edilen ve edilecek olan kullanim bicimleridir. Bir konut piyasasinda konut kira ya da satin alma degerleri (fiyatlari) ve tuketicilerin ya da hanehalklarinin gelirleri konuta olan talebi yonlendirmektedir. Bu nedenle bir bolgedeki kiralik konut ya da satilik konut degerleri o bolgedeki tuketicilerin ya da hanehalklarinin gelirlerinin bir yansimasidir. Buna dayali olarak konut kira ve satin alma bedellerinin yuksek oldugu alanlar ile dusuk oldugu alanlar farkli gelir gruplarinca tariflenen farkli alt piyasalardir. Bu baglamda piyasa kosullarina birakilmis Ankara metropol kentinde de tum konut kullanim bicimlerinin yer aldigi farkli alt piyasalar olusmustur. Ancak her alt piyasanin kendine ozgu arz, talep ve mekansal dinamikleri vardir.

One of the important centers of the Eastern Anatolia Region, the city of Van has been home to many civilizations. It has a migratory character in terms of population movements and this is different in the city center (central districts). It is not possible to argue that historically Van city has been able to be fully prepared for population movements from nearby districts and provinces to the city center, nor to disasters that are socially, economically and physically quite destructive (especially the earthquake of 2011) or to be a metropolitan municipality in the context of Law No. 6360 of 2012. As a physical space occupied by the settled area needed in the context of urban social and economic life, the urban macroform consists of land use decisions that include the city's construction pattern and development trends. In this context, urban development processes (residential areas/neighborhoods/residential areas) emerge as one of the important components that drive the urban macform. From this point of view, firstly, a chronological review of city planning and development of housing areas in the city of Van was made in the study. Then, the current housing market was discussed and grounded on the basis of these processes and thematically spatialized. To put it in a nutshell, in this study conducted within the central districts of Van, the current housing market based on market conditions (housing supply and demand, housing prices, etc.), land fair prices (before and after the earthquake), and changes in these in the city of Van (central districts) are discussed at the neighborhood scale. Finally, in the context of the current development dynamics of the city, how the restructuring process after the earthquake and the changes in the urban macroform and housing market has been positively/negatively reflected on the current urban planning practice and how this has/may effect it are discussed.

Türkiye'nin sakin şehir başkenti olan Seferihisar, yerel sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı sağlamak için yerel karakteristikleri korumayı amaçlarken, kaçınılmaz olarak turizmi teşvik etmektedir. Ancak, tarım ve turizm sektörleri çatışmalı olabilmekte ve agroturizm gibi kesişimleri geliştirecek doğru planlama ve üretim politikalarına ihtiyaç duyabilmektedir. Çalışma, tarım ve turizm sektörleri arasında meydana gelen çatışmaları ve potansiyelleri, planlama ve üretim politikaları çerçevesinde yerel paydaşların algısı üzerinden ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde, çalışma sakin şehir markalaşmasına eleştirel bir perspektiften yaklaşmaktadır. Çalışma iki ana aşamaya dayanmaktadır. İlk aşamada, yerel paydaşların turizm ve tarım sektörlerine dair algısı mülakatlar yoluyla belirlenmektedir. İkinci aşamada ise ilk aşamanın çıktıları göz önüne alınarak planlama ve politika önerileri geliştirilmektedir. Mülakatlar, tarım ve turizm sektörleri ile ilişkili sivil toplum kuruluşları, kooperatif temsilcileri, yerel organizasyon temsilcileri ve meslek odalarıyla çevrim içi olarak yürütülmüştür. Sorular, Seferihisar'ın mekânsal, sosyal, demografik, kültürel, ekonomik ve politik yapısındaki değişiklikleri yerel paydaşların algıları dahilinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Mülakatın çıktıları iyi yönetilen bir gelişme ve planlama çerçevesini aydınlatmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, yerel paydaşlar tarafından algılanan sorunlar ve potansiyeller göz önüne alınarak planlama ve politika yaklaşımlarının çerçevesi çizilmektedir.

Türkiye, dünya fındık üretiminin 2/3‘lük kısmını elinde tutan ülke olduğundan fındık önemli bir ihracat unsuru haline gelmektedir. Dünyada farklı kıtalarda üretim yapılmasına karşın iklim ve arazi koşullarının uygunluğu, yöreye özgü türler ve uzun yıllardır yapılan fındık tarımı, bu üretim potansiyelini pazara sunmaktadır. Fındık arazilerinin bakımı, tarımın makineleşmesi gibi konuların paralelinde fındığın işleme koşullarının geliştirilmesi de endüstriyel ürün pazarının artması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Endüstriyel tesislerde katma değeri yüksek fındık ve fındık türevi ürünlerin işlenebilmesi için, depolamadan paketlemeye bütün adımların verimliliği üst düzeye taşınmalıdır. Bu kalite ve verimin sağlanması için gerekli geliştirmeler, üretimin ilk adımı olan fındık kabuğunun kırılması ve içinin kabuktan ayrılması prosesinde ele alınarak maliyetlerin de azaltılması sağlanabilir. İlk yatırım, bakım onarım gideri kalemlerinin yanında vurgun oranını azaltacak sistemler geliştirilmesi ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused noticeable changes when it comes to the consumption and purchasing behaviors of customers and the increase in online shopping besides various fields such as health, education, and transportation. Within this context, the goal of this study is to determine the relations between the online shopping, shopping locations, and the 3 particular time intervals during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were set to represent the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and new normal periods, in 2020. To fulfill this aim, the online shopping data of Marketyo were processed and a sample of 979 observations from 7 districts of Ankara province was analyzed via two factor ANOVA method to determine the effects of pandemic periods and chosen districts on online food/non-food expenditures. The results revealed a significant statistical difference in mean food and non-food expenditures among both periods and districts. The highest amount of food and non-food expenditures were recorded mostl...

Ozet 1 : Bu calismada deri endustrisi aritma camurundan biyosurfaktan uygulamasi ile hidroliz yontemi metal ve nutrient salinimlari icin arastirilmistir. Deri endustrisi aritma camurlari krom kadar onemli oranda diger metalleri ve azotu da ihtiva etmektedir. Bu sebeple, biyosurfaktanin etkisi sadece krom salinimi uzerine degil, ayni zamanda diger metaller ve nutrientler icin de degerlendirilmistir. Biyosurfaktanlar; bakteriler, mayalar, mantarlar ve bitkiler tarafindan uretilen biyomolekullerdir. Hidrofobik kirleticilerin cozunebilirliligini ve biyolojik olarak parcalanmasini artirmaktadirlar. Bu calismada, bir bitki kaynakli biyosurfaktan olan Coven bitkisi saponini, metal ve nutrient salinimlari icin yogunlastirilmis deri endustrisi aritma camuruna uygulanmistir. Salinimlar uzerine hem saponin cozelti konsantrasyonu hem de saponin/camur orani etkileri arastirilmistir. Saponin cozelti konsantrasyonunun artmasiyla, metal salinimlari artmistir. Azot ve fosfor salinimlari da gozlenmis...

Vernacular environment presents the learned lessons transferred to the inhabitants in terms of sustainability and resilience. On the contrary, stakeholders participated in the administrative tasks display inconsistent approaches towards the historic built environment especially in Gölcük, Kocaeli. After the 1999 earthquake urban transformation projects as new constructions and improper conservation practices without any values of the area threatens the continuity of the cultural heritage. The discussions were mainly focused on two different neighborhoods Örcün and Saraylı having relatively intense vernacular buildings in the periphery of Gölcük. The post-disaster studies revealed that architecture tissues were dramatically changed in the favor of reinforced concrete especially in urban areas. Three main objectives were sought in order to evaluate the resilience after 20 years in terms of urban, architectural and social aspects. It is aimed to determine the current conditions of listed and non-listed traditional structures; to assess the impact of vernacular systems on the new built environment and to reveal the social tendency toward new urban policy with traditional ingenuity and technology.

Preserving their place on the agenda of international platforms in recent years, green (clean/eco efficiency) technologies are one of the basic components of the important concept of achieving sustainable development. Eco efficiency associates economic production with environmental factors in an internal union of economic development and protecting the ecosystem, in addition to revealing the importance of sustainable development and green economy in all stages of economic production. Green production controls the effects of process, product and services on human health and the ecosystem, while also being an approach to increase the sustainable efficiency of production. Changes to production and product development stages affect the whole value chain of products and steps taken within the scope of green technologies in this situation should be evaluated with the holistic approach of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). LCA within this scope assesses the total environmental effect to prevent tr...

The concept of national park emerged in the 19th century with the idea of protecting nature and natural resources. After the first national park announcement in America, many natural areas were declared as national parks in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and European countries. In these protected areas, scientific research and the use of these areas for touristic purposes are allowed. The development of protected areas on a national scale started in almost similar periods, although not with an advanced system as in the international arena. With the Forest Regulation issued in 1870, it was aimed to use forests in a controlled manner. In the Republican period, the concept of national park was officially used for the first time in Article 25 of the Forest Law No. 6831 enacted in 1956, and many areas were declared as national parks in the following years. In 1983, the National Parks Law No. 2873 was declared and and with this law, national park areas were defined and conservation principles were determined. National Parks do not only contain natural areas, but also rural settlement areas can be found within the borders of national parks. In this context, the activities of those living in rural settlements within the boundaries of protection are restricted within the framework of the law. Recently, some legal changes and regulations have been made, taking into account the demands of the people living in these regions. Within the scope of the study, evaluations will be made on the rural settlements within the borders of the national park through the legal regulations and the news reflected in the press. Finally, solutions will be offered to establish the balance of protection of rural settlements in the national park and to be an alternative to the problems experienced.

This study aims to explore the effects of gender, income and education level on environmental concern. This aim is based upon a general understanding that environmental problems have to be considered in urban areas for a sustainable world. The empirical study has been conducted in a developing site of Ankara; Çukurambar in which people from different income and education levels live. 64 participants (16 from each group; 8 males, 8 females) from different income levels (low income, middle income, upper-middle income and high income) have been selected through stratified random sampling method. (A questionnaire which includes questions about both demographic information; education, income, family population etc. and environmental issues has been made). The results derived from correlation tables and T-tests show that gender has no significant effect on environmental concern in this case. Education level has a small affect on people in terms of environmental consciousness, however, it increases iv peoples' interest and make them watch programs about environmental issues. The most significant determinant of the selected variables; gender, education and income level, is the income level. Although there is no significant difference among other groups, the high income group is significantly different. People, who belong to high income level, show less concern about environment.

İklim değişikliğinin insanlığın ortak kaygısı olduğunu belirten Birleşmiş Milletlerin öncülüğünde 1992 yılında kabul edilen İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi, 1997 yılında Kyoto Protokolü, 2015 yılında ise Paris Anlaşması ile genişletilmiş ve iklim krizi ile mücadele için alınacak önlemler açıklanarak uluslararası işbirliğinin önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.

Kültürel miras ve çevre politikaları arasındaki sinerjinin vurgulandığı “2018 Avrupa Kültürel Miras Yılı”, 2019 tarihli Avrupa’nın doğal sermayesini geliştirme ve vatandaşlarını çevre ile ilgili risklerden koruma hedefli “Avrupa Yeşil Uzlaşısı” metninin kabulü ve hemen ertesinde 2021 yılında “Avrupa’nın ortak mirasını Avrupa Yeşil Uzlaşısı’nın kalbine yerleştirmek” amacıyla benimsenen “Avrupa’nın Kültürel Mirası için Yeşil Uzlaşı” bildirisi bu yöndeki uluslararası çabaların önemli örnekleridir. Avrupa’nın tarihi şehirlerinin ve benzer şekilde yeşil mirasının doğrudan tehdit altında olduğunun belirtildiği söz konusu ilkesel metinlerde iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede tüm dünyanın birlikte hareket etmesi gerekliliği üzerinde durulmaktadır.

ICOMOS’un “Uluslararası Anıtlar ve Sitler Günü” temasını bu yıl “İklim ve Miras”, gelecek yıl (2023) “Geleneksel Bilgi, İklim Eylemi ve Yenilikçi Dönüşüm” olarak belirlemesi konunun tartışılmaya devam edileceğini gösteren önemli kanıtlardır. Karşı karşıya kalınan kriz koşullarında insanlığın içinde yaşamını sürdürdüğü yapılı çevrelerdeki tasarım yaklaşımları da başta olmak üzere tüm üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıkları sorgulanmaktadır. Kuşkusuz bu sorgulama, Endüstri Devrimi sonrası gelişen modern tasarım yaklaşımlarında yüzlerce yıllık kültürel birikime dayalı olarak uygulanan geleneksel mimarlık pratiklerini reddediş ya da kopuşu da kapsamaktadır. Teknolojik ilerlemeler, yapı sektörünü dönüştürerek neredeyse tamamen üretiminde ve uygulanmasında yüksek enerji gerektiren, geri dönüşümü zor ve çevreyi kirleten endüstriyel malzemelere yönlendirmiştir. Yapılı çevrenin ve inşaat endüstrisinin, yıllık küresel karbondioksit emisyonlarındaki payının yaklaşık yüzde 45 olduğu belirtilmektedir. Karşı karşıya olunan sorunun büyüklüğü karşısında başarı sağlanabilmesi için pek çok alanda doğa dostu değişikliklerin planlanarak çok boyutlu dönüşümler gerçekleştirilmesi kaçınılmazdır. Birçok boyutu olan iklim krizi ile mücadele için mimarlık ve yapı üretimine dair sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerinin tek başına bir yanıt olamayacağı açık olmakla birlikte, bu yöndeki çabaların tetikleyici nitelikte olumlu katkılar sunabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Var olan bir peyzajın, binanın veya kaynağın yeniden kullanılması, işlevlendirilmesi ya da onarılması gibi koruma çabalarının “Antroposen Çağı”na egemen olan “tek kullanımlık” tüketim kültürünün karşısında durduğu ve iklim krizi ile mücadeleye katkı sağlayabileceği açıktır. Bu örneklerdeki gibi pek çok noktada kesişen iklim değişikliği ile mücadele ve kültürel mirasın korunması çalışmalarına odaklanan bu dosyada C. İrem Gençer, “İklim Krizi ve Kültürel Mirasın Korunması Konusunda Uluslararası Yaklaşımlar”, Banu Gökmen Erdoğan “İklim Değişikliğinin Kültürel Miras Üzerindeki Risk Değerlendirmeleri: Edirne Örneği”, Zeynep Eres ve Koray Güler, “İklim Krizi Karşısında Kırsal Mirastan Alınabilecek Dersler”, Süreyya Topaloğlu, “Enerji Verimli Bir Restorasyon Uygulaması: Mardin Tamirevi Deneyimi”, Esin Özlem Aktuğlu Aktan ve Nilgün Çolpan Erkan, “Kadıköy’de Bir Konut Alanı Örneğinde Yapılı ve Doğal Çevrenin Bütüncül Korunmasının İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Sürecindeki Önemi”, Aylin Akçabozan, “Yeni Avrupa Bauhaus’u Yaklaşımı ve Getirdiği Açılımlar” ve Mustafa Sayan, “Sürdürülebilirlik Bağlamında Gömülü Enerji Tartışmaları ve Koruma Alanına Etkileri” konularını ele almışlardır. İklim krizi ile mücadele ve kültürel mirasın korunmasına yönelik çabaların artması ve yakın bir gelecekte başarıya ulaşması temennisi ile...

Heritage Values of Ayvacık-Büyükhüsun Historic Settlement which is on the Verge of Rural Gentrification

Ayvacık and its surroundings, which have been chosen as living spaces by communities with different cultures throughout history due to their geographical advantages, are today a special region with many natural and cultural values. It is very common for rural settlements to have historical, archaeological, or natural values in the district, which has been inhabited continuously since the prehistoric ages. Büyükhüsun Village is one of these historical settlements in Ayvacık, where the traditional rural life continued. The rural architectural heritage, which is a reflection of human-nature interaction and has been transferred anonymously over the ages, reflects not only reflects the culture of life in the region but also the past social and economic factors behind it. In this study, not only the values that make up the architectural heritage such as settlement features, traditional building types, construction techniques, material use and building mastery, but also tangible and intangible heritage values are discussed with a holistic perspective. In contrast to other rural settlements which have been facing depopulation and immigration issues globally widespread, Büyükhüsun village is subject to remigration and population increase because of the growing interest of the population in big cities. It is seen that the demographic, social, and physical structure of the village is faced with the pressure of change due to this reverse migration. The most important indicators of the change in the physical structure that can be noticed more easily are the contemporary structures that are added to the traditional texture. This article aims to define the existing rural landscape values and discuss the physical and sociological threats faced by the settlement, which can be considered the primary step in carrying out an effective conservation action in the historical Büyükhüsun settlement, where the risk of loss of heritage values by entering the rural gentrification process is intensely felt.

Article Information The Syrian Civil War compelled vast numbers of Syrians to leave their homeland, and taking advantage of Turkey's Open Door Policy, millions of Syrians crossed the shared border between 2011 and 2015 in search of refuge. The temporary protection nature of Turkey's Policy for Syrians prevented the formation of comprehensive socio-spatial policies related to the provision of human rights. Regarding to the right to housing, the lack of government accommodation for refugees meant that the Syrian refugees became a part of Turkey's existing housing problems, such as squatting and failed urban regeneration projects. The present study reveals different dimensions of housing problems that Syrian refugees encountered such as poor housing conditions, socio-spatial isolation, unaffordability, and forced mobility through the Ankara case. It is argued that living in an area in the process of urban regeneration has exacerbated these multiple housing problems. The research is based on a mixedmethod including the analysis of quantitative data, questionnaire with Syrian refugees, semi-structured in-depth interviews with both Syrian refugees and key actors, and participant observations. Field study of the Önder and Ulubey neighborhoods was conducted between 2017 and 2019. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the findings, and an explanation of their potential for use in the future in urban policymaking and planning processes.

Modern urban planning seems to neglect taking into account the inner resources of individuals while designing a sustainable urban life. In rethinking urbanisation, spirituality must be seen as an integral part of the human connectedness in the context of urban lifestyles. Current study considers spirituality as part of our individual wellbeing-and questions whether argues that the concept of spirituality and the need for human connectedness should be taken into account while planning a more sustainable urban life. Here we focus on the issue of human connectedness and explore how urban lifestyle redefines our communication and spiritual needs. Though the material aspects of urban life cannot be underestimated, we argue that a more holistic approach is needed to achieve inner and outer sustainability in creating more harmonized lives. Our findings show that spirituality not only encompasses human connectedness but also reveals such human needs as belonging, safety, transcendence and communication, which are by nature intertwined. In this study, we take a bottom-up approach in exploring the spiritual needs of urban dwellers and how those needs present challenges in their daily lives, and in discussing the significance of means of communication in creating connected lives. We then suggest that urban spirituality is mediated through a number of innate needs, and challenged in the urban context via materialistic, relational, moral and transcendental means. Designing a qualitative approach, semi-structured in-depth face-to-face and telephone interviews were held with 47 participants who were government officers employed by the Presidency of Religious Affairs of Turkey. All participants fulfilled the criteria of receiving early training in spiritual care and counselling.

Ana makaleUzun yıllar boyunca Rumlarla Türklerin bir arada yaşadıkları, gerek mimari gerekse sosyokültürel açıdan zengin bir köy olan Adatepe’nin sit alanı ilan edilmeden önce neredeyse harap bir halde olduğu, değerlerini kaybetme tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya kaldığı bilinmektedir. Sit alanı ilan edilmesiyle hızlanan restorasyon çalışmaları sayesinde köy, bölgedeki önemli turistik odaklardan biri durumuna gelmiştir. Bu makalede; Adatepe köyünde geleneksel dokunun sürdürülebilirliği için yapılması önerilen koruma çalışmaları, turizmin etkileri bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Makale konusu olan araştırma, üç temel aşama ve sonuç kısmından oluşmaktadır. Makalede Adatepe’nin sosyal, kültürel dokusu, mimari özellikleri ve geçirdiği değişimler aktarılarak Adatepe’deki turizm faaliyetleri ile kültürel çevrenin bir arada sürdürülebilirliğine dair öneriler sunulmaktadır.Adatepe village is known that rich in sociocultural and architectural aspects, where the Greeks and the Turks lived togethe...

Etkili bir lojistik sisteminde, urun akisini iyilestirmek icin lojistik merkezlerini ureticiler, distributorler ve musterilerle baglamak onemlidir. Iyi tasarlanmis bir lojistik merkezi, uretkenligi ve kâri artirirken malzeme tasima maliyetlerini azaltmaktadir. Bu arastirmada Bati Akdeniz Bolgesi'nde yer alan bes yerlesim yeri(Antalya, Isparta, Burdur, Alanya ve Manavgat) Analitik Hiyerarsi Sureci (AHP) yontemi kullanilarak birbirleriyle karsilastirilmistir. Ideal bir turizm lojistik merkezi yeri belirlenmeyi hedefleyen bu calisma, karsilastirmali yerlesim yerleri arasinda kurulmasi onerilen lojistik merkezinin bolge ve ulke ekonomisi acisindan onemini ortaya koymustur. Sonuc olarak, Manavgat, AHP hesaplamalari sonucunda lojistik merkezi kurmak icin onemli bir yerlesim yeri haline gelmistir. Turizm icin Manavgat'ta kurulacak bir lojistik merkezinin verimli ve etkili olacagi vurgulanmistir.

The village of Germuş is an old settlement which is today registered as a neighborhood under the town of Haliliye in the city of Şanlıurfa. It was an Armenian village in the 1900s and it remained abandoned for a while after the Armenians immigrated to Mosul and Aleppo in 1915. After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, the village was donated by Atatürk to Iraqi Uceymi Sadun Pasha, who contributed greatly to the liberation of Urfa. The village of Germuş is important not only because of its archaeological sites, its church, and traditional house fabric but also for the continuity of the village life which is remarkable in terms of social sustainability. Germus Village has entered a period of rapid deterioration today. For this reason, it is of great importance to protect and sustain it and transfer it to future generations. The purpose of this article is to document the tangible and intangible cultural heritage values and conservation problems of the Germus Village, which has not undergone comprehensive conservation-documentation work, and to provide some suggestions for the protection and sustainability of the heritage of the village. The first step of this research was to document the history of the village from written and oral sources through observations and interviews. In the second stage, traditional buildings in the village were identified and documented, and conservation problems were determined. In the third stage, some solutions for the protection and sustainability of the historical rural fabric have been suggested. The results of this study will contribute to the documentation and sustainability of the cultural heritage and the plans for preservation of this heritage.

The village of Germuş is an old settlement which is today registered as a neighborhood under the town of Haliliye in the city of Şanlıurfa. It was an Armenian village in the 1900s and it remained abandoned for a while after the Armenians immigrated to Mosul and Aleppo in 1915. After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, the village was donated by Atatürk to Iraqi Uceymi Sadun Pasha, who contributed greatly to the liberation of Urfa. The village of Germuş is important not only because of its archaeological sites, its church, and traditional house fabric but also for the continuity of the village life which is remarkable in terms of social sustainability. Germus Village has entered a period of rapid deterioration today. For this reason, it is of great importance to protect and sustain it and transfer it to future generations. The purpose of this article is to document the tangible and intangible cultural heritage values and conservation problems of the Germus Village, which has not undergone comprehensive conservation-documentation work, and to provide some suggestions for the protection and sustainability of the heritage of the village. The first step of this research was to document the history of the village from written and oral sources through observations and interviews. In the second stage, traditional buildings in the village were identified and documented, and conservation problems were determined. In the third stage, some solutions for the protection and sustainability of the historical rural fabric have been suggested. The results of this study will contribute to the documentation and sustainability of the cultural heritage and the plans for preservation of this heritage.

Geleneksel mimari coğrafi konum, iklim, gelenek-görenekler, üretim-tüketim biçimleriyle şekillenen ve deneyimle inşa edilmiş yapılardır. Geleneksel mimarinin özgünlüğünü belirleyen en önemli unsurlar bulunduğu coğrafyaya bağlı olarak kullanılan özgün yapı malzemesi ve yapım tekniğidir. Özellikle kırsal alanda, geleneksel mimari miras içinde bulunduğu coğrafya ve yaşayan halkın tarihi, kültürü ve gelenekleri ile birlikte korunabildiğinde özgün değerini bütünsel olarak koruyabilir. Geleneksel yöntemlerle inşa edilmiş bir evin sadece çağdaş yöntemler ve teknolojiler kullanılarak restore edilmesi, tekil olarak yenilenmesi mimari mirasın korunması için yeterli değildir. Kırsal alanda, kırsal mimari tanımının da içinde yer alan çevresel değerler ve gelenekler yapıların karakteristiğidir. Öncellikle tescillenmiş geleneksel kırsal mimari konutların mutlaka belgelenmesi gerekmektedir. Yapıların plan ve malzeme analizler yapılmalı, bozulmuşluk durumları tespit edilmelidir. Yine yapıların içinde bulunduğu çevre olan köylerin kültürel değerleri, gelenekleri incelenmeli ve kaydedilmelidir. Bir bütün olarak kırsal yerleşimin korunması için önerileri geliştirilmelidir. Böylelikle, kırsal alan yeni bir aktör olarak biçimlenebilecek ve kentsel nüfus yoğunluğunun azaltılması için kente dayalı yaşam biçimine alternatifler üretilebilecektir. Kırsal mimari mirasın özellikle konut bağlamında özgün olarak korunması ve yaşatılması ülke genelindeki ekonomik planlamalar, sosyal süreçler ve politikalarla doğrudan ilişkilidir.

Modern urban planning seems to neglect taking into account the inner resources of individuals while designing a sustainable urban life. In rethinking urbanisation, spir-ituality must be seen as an integral part of the human connectedness in the context of urban lifestyles. Current study considers spirituality as part of our individual wellbe-ing-and questions whether argues that the concept of spirituality and the need for human connectedness should be taken into account while planning a more sustainable urban life. Here we focus on the issue of human connectedness and explore how urban lifestyle redefines our communication and spiritual needs. Though the material aspects of urban life cannot be underestimated, we argue that a more holistic approach is needed to achieve inner and outer sustainability in creating more harmonized lives. Our findings show that spirituality not only encompasses human connectedness but also reveals such human needs as belonging, safety, tran-scendence and communication, which are by nature intertwined. In this study, we take a bottom-up approach in exploring the spiritual needs of urban dwellers and how those needs present challenges in their daily lives, and in discussing the significance of means of communication in creating connected lives. We then suggest that urban spirituality is mediated through a number of innate needs, and challenged in the urban context via materialistic, relational, moral and transcendental means. Designing a qualitative approach, semi-structured in-depth face-to-face and telephone interviews were held with 47 participants who were government officers employed by the Presidency of Religious Affairs of Turkey. All participants fulfilled the criteria of receiving early training in spiritual care and counselling.