Jewish Communities

W książce opisano dwunastu prezydentów Kielc rządzących między 1919 a 1950 r. Kim była owa dwunastka? Czy każdy nadawał się na to zaszczytne stanowisko? Kto miał na swoim koncie więcej sukcesów niż porażek, a kogo zmuszono do odejścia w niesławie? Pracę oparto na szerokiej bazie źródłowej opartej na materiałach z ponad dwudziestu archiwów, kilkudziesięciu tytułów prasowych oraz prawie dwustu artykułów i monografii.

The unexpected loss of a large cargo of barley taken on loan in Barcelona in 1021 suggests that the merchandise was intended for export. The Jewish merchant concerned, named Benevenisti, may have lost the cargo as a result of a shipwreck. An Arab source from the 11th century reports a maritime connection between the Muslim city of Tortosa, Barcelona and Narbonne, which was used by Jewish traders. Wrecks of Andalusian merchant ships off the Provençal coast show that this connection already existed at the turn of the 10th century. Jewish traders also appear to have travelled on these ships. The contacts between the Jewish communities of the coastal towns in question may have been used for trade transactions. The merchant Benevenisti could have exported his barley to Tortosa via this trade route.

Combatentes Judeus nas Forças Brasileiras e Aliadas- 80 Anos da 2ª Guerra Mundial  -  Palestra com subsídios de Blajberg, Israel, SOLDADOS QUE VIERAM DE LONGE - Os 42 Heróis Brasileiros Judeus da Segunda Guerra Mundial, Rio de Janeiro, 2008, AHIMTB e  Blajberg, Israel, ESTRELA DE DAVID NO CRUZEIRO DO SUL, Rio de Janeiro, 2015, AHIMTB

1 - Abertura
2- Israel
3 - Brigada Judaica
4 - EUA
5 – URSS
6 – Polonia
7 – Partisans
8 – Gueto de Varsóvia
9 - Inglaterra
10 - Brasil
11 - Lugares de Memoria
12 – Documentação

The differentiation in the basie structures of the Jewish urban communities in old Poland is not studied enough. There are three main topics that should be discussed in this respect: the distinction between royal and private towns, the distinction between the major and smali com munies including the scope of the communal jurisdiction over its ru ral periphery (Hebrew svivot), and the distinction between urban and suburban communities. The first subject only drew sufficient attention of the scholarly research. Gershon Hundert's monography on Opatów should be mentioned first and formost, and studies dealing with the Jews in estâtes of Polish magnates also include discussion on the Jew ish. communities in private towns . However, though the very existence of the rural peripheries of the urban Jewish communities and of the suburban communities is well known, no comprehensive study was dedicated to these two subjects. With the discovery of the entire corpus of the Jewish poll-tax lists in Crown Poland for 1717-1764 a significanly new information сап be added to both of these subjects. I deal with the structure the Jewish autonomous fiscal units including the distinction between major communities, smali urban communities and their rural peripheries in a separate study.

לצד פעילות ציונית והחרפת היחסים בין יהודים וערבים, הייתה הדה קולוניזציה - יציאתן של המעצמות האירופיות מן המזרח התיכון - מהגורמים המכריעים שהובילו לעזיבתם ההמונית של יהודי ארצות האסלאם. כיצד קרה הדבר שסיומו של שלטון זר או השפעה זרה, לעתים קצרי מועד, הובילו להתרוקנות קהילות יהודיות שהתקיימו במשך מאות ואלפי שנים? התשובה עשויה להיות טמונה בתהליכים שהתרחשו בעת הקולוניאלית; במהלכה חל תהליך של ניתוק היהודים מגורל ארצותיהם וסביבתם הטבעית, ובסופה הפכו הם מילידי המקום לזרים במולדתם, ואף לגורם המזוהה עם הכובש הקולוניאלי השנוא.

Resumen: En el presente articulo el autor aborda la legalidad del Edicto de expulsi6n de las comunidades judias de la Peninsula Iberica, a tenor de la jurisprudencia defendida por los Consejos de Arag6n y de Castilla, en virtud de la cual esta minoria podia ser desterrada sin vulnerar el ordenamiento vigente gracias a que sus integrantes no gozaban de la condici6n de naturales de esos reinos. Bajo estos postulados, se analizan los elementos que componen el concepto juridico de nacionalidad, entre los que destacamos el ius solis, el ius sanguinis y el factor religioso y cultural. Asimismo, se glosa el paradigma dina' de-malkuta' dina'.

Il volume esplora la presenza degli artisti ebrei nel panorama figurativo italiano dall’Emancipazione politica e civile fino alla marcia su Roma, periodo in cui furono progressivamente esclusi dall’espressione artistica. Pur non esistendo un’arte ebraica in senso stretto, questi artisti poterono accedere a scuole e maestri solo con l’Unità d’Italia, partecipando al dibattito artistico post-macchiaiolo. L’indagine evidenzia anche artisti finora trascurati, come Jesi, Coen, Massarani e Grünhut, e include un’analisi delle presenze femminili e di figure come Dario Viterbo, perseguitato dal fascismo, e Arrigo Minerbi, più vicino al regime.

Mit dem von ihnen eingeführten Begriff "Gojnormativität" haben die Autor*innen Judith Coffey und Vivien Laumann 1 im Jahr 2021 in ihrer gleichnamigen Publikation ein neues Konzept vorgestellt, das der "Gojnormativität." Es erlaubt, das Verhältnis zwischen Jüdinnen*Juden und Nichtjüdinnen*Nichtjuden besser darzustellen und zu fassen. Reaktionen von Jüdinnen*Juden auf das Festjahr "1700 Jahre jüdisches Leben in Deutschland" (im Folgenden: "1700 Jahre") machen dies deutlich. Das Festjahr "1700 Jahre" ist Gegenstand dieses Artikels. Die Idee der Gojnormativität erlaubt es, Leerstellen in einem Diskurs sichtbar zu machen.  Gojnormativität ist ein offenes Modell, das die eine Gruppe in Relation zur anderen betrachtet, in diesem Falle Jüdinnen*Juden in Relation zur nichtjüdischen Mehrheitsgesellschaft.

Wir hatten eine Replik auf Michael Brenner und Benet Lehmann geplant. Daraus geworden ist eine Reflexion über Judaistik, Jüdische Studien und jüdische Gegenwartsforschung in Post-Shoah-Deutschland. Wir argumentieren, dass die Gegenwart lebender Juden ein wichtiger Forschungsschwerpunkt an sich ist. Während die beiden Artikel und unser Manuskript vor dem 7. Oktober 2023 entstanden, unterstreichen die Reaktionen in Deutschland seitdem das mangelnde Wissen über Juden, Israelis und Israel. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass interdisziplinäre Kooperationen ausgebaut werden müssen, um gesellschaftliche Missstände anzugehen und dazu beizutragen, dass jüdisches Leben in Deutschland resilienter wird.

We had planned a reply to Michael Brenner and Benet Lehmann. This has become a reflection on Judaic Studies, Jewish Studies and history in post-Shoah Germany. We argue that contemporary Jewish Studies is an important research focus in itself. While the two articles and our manuscript were written before October 7, 2023, the reactions ever since in Germany underscore the lack of knowledge about Jews, Israelis and Israel. We arrive at the conclusion that interdisciplinary cooperation must be expanded to address social grievances, and to support the resilience of Jewish life in Germany.

The article deals with the analysis of the texts on the national issue, published in Kishinev newspaper "Bessarabets" (1897-1905), the only commercial private newspaper in Bessarabia, edited by famous right-wing publicist and political activist Pavel Krushevan. Over the 9 years, its political orientation evolved from the moderate to the right-wing radical and anti-Semitic. An important topic in "Bessarabets" was the Jewish question, which Krushevan treated as a set of moral, ethical and religious premises that led to "Jewish dominance" in the spheres of trade, industry and the press in the provinces of the Pale of Settlement. He saw the ideal solution to the Jewish question in the voluntary assimilation and Christianization of Jews, but at the same time he did not actually believe in the reality of such a scenario. The newspaper also covered the Moldovan issue. Krushevan saw the future of the Moldovans also in Russification. He considered their "spiritual amalgamation" with the Russians to be an accomplished fact. At the same time, Krushevan opposed forcing the "superficial" linguistic Russification. However, not all newspaper's correspondents shared his opinion.

В статье анализируются публикации газеты «Бессарабец», посвященные
национально проблематике. Газета «Бессарабец» издавалась в Кишиневе с 1897 по 1905 гг.
публицистом и общественно-политическим деятелем крайне правого направления
П.А. Крушеваном, являясь при этом единственной частной газетой в губернии. За девять лет
издания ее направление эволюционировало от умеренного до праворадикального
и антисемитского. Важное место в издании уделялось еврейскому вопросу, который
Крушеван рассматривал как совокупность морально-этических и религиозных предпосылок,
приведших к «еврейскому засилью» в сферах торговли, промышленности и печати
в губерниях черты оседлости. Идеальное решение еврейского вопроса он видел
в добровольной ассимиляции и христианизации евреев, однако в реальность такого
сценария он не верил. На страницах газеты освещался и молдавский вопрос. Будущее
молдаван Крушеван видел также в русификации, причем «духовное слияние» их с русскими
он считал уже свершившимся фактом. Однако не все корреспонденты газеты разделяли это
мнение. При этом Крушеван выступал противником форсирования «внешней»,
т.е. языковой русификации.

Принято считать, что любая управляемая государством структура или учреждение должны иметь собственное название. Ведь речь идет о неотъемлемой части организационной идентичности и наследия. У названия есть и юридические аспекты. Нередко та или иная структура имеет несколько наименований: официальное название, публичное название, а иногда -прозвище или кличку. Тем более такое разделение верно для структур, занимающихся или вынужденных заниматься тайной деятельностью. Именно таков случай организации «Натив» -государственной структуры, которая на протяжении большей части своего существования не имела официального названия, а была известна по ряду кодовых имен, полуофициальных, открытых и даже тайных, одно из которых -«Натив» -стало в конце концов ее основным и официальным наименованием. 30 декабря 1951 г. премьер-министр Израиля Давид Бен-Гурион сделал запись в своем дневнике: «Реувен предлагает [создать] уполномоченную структуру, которая будет отвечать за безопасность [еврейских общин] в арабских странах, подготовку и организацию побега из Восточной Европы… сбор информации о положении евреев в странах, в

Sažetak: Grad Knin je specifi čna društvena i kulturna sredina koja je u razdoblju nakon Domovinskog rata 1991. godine doživjela značajne promjene u strukturi stanovništva. Važnost proučavanja struktura stanovništva proizlazi iz činjenice da su promjene u njima ovisne o širim društvenim, gospodarskim i političkim kretanjima. S druge strane, promjene u strukturama stanovništva koje nastaju pod utjecajem društvenog i gospodarskog razvoja povratno djeluju na ekonomski i socijalni razvitak zajednice, te ga mogu stimulirati ili usporavati. Temeljni cilj rada je prikaz stanja i promjene u socijalnim strukturama Grada Knina, u razdoblju od 1991. do 2011. godine, u okviru čega su analizirana demografska kretanja, ukupan broj, spol i dob, te narodnosna, obrazovna i struktura stanovništva prema aktivnosti. Korišteni izvori podataka su primarno Popisi stanovništva, te drugi izvori statističkih podataka. U pogledu ukupnog broja stanovnika, nakon znatnog smanjenja, u razdoblju od 1991. do 2001. godine, novije razdoblje između dva popisa pokazuje stabilizaciju i blagi porast. Promjene u dobnoj strukturi pokazuju se sukladnima općem procesu demografskog starenja u Hrvatskoj. Nakon intenzivnih promjena, narodnosna struktura se stabilizira uz homogenizaciju i većinsku hrvatsku nacionalnost, te lagani porast stanovništva srpske nacionalnosti. U obrazovnoj strukturi bilježe se pozitivni pomaci. Većina stanovništva je sa završenim srednjoškolskim obrazovanjem, uz porast visokoobrazovanih žena. Obrazovna struktura Grada Knina, u aspektu udjela pojedinih razina školske spreme, usporediva s istom strukturom Hrvatske. U 2011. godini, u strukturi aktivnog stanovništva, najzastupljenije je neaktivno stanovništ vo, među kojim je najviše umirovljenika. Nezaposlenog stanovništva je manje, a u porastu je zaposlenost žena. Među nezaposlenima je najviše onih koji traže drugi posao.

Tema ovog rada je analiza demografskog i gospodarskog stanja na otoku Mljetu od osamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća do novijega vremena. Svrha je upozoriti na slabi gospodarski razvoj i negativne demografske procese kroz povijest koji su i doveli do depopulacije otoka. Analizirani su pritom podaci o kretanju ukupnog broja stanovnika, prirodno kretanje, promjene u dobnoj i spolnoj te ekonomskoj i obrazovnoj strukturi stanovništva uspoređujući podatke iz popisa 1981., 1991., 2001. i 2011. godine. Rad će se osvrnuti i na neke suvremene procese i probleme u razvoju turizma, gospodarstva, prometa i povezanosti otoka koji predstavljaju temelj njegovog mogućeg demografskog oporavka. Dominantni su demografski procesi na Mljetu starenje stanovništva te ukupna i prirodna depopulacija. Unatoč povećanju prosječnog stupnja obrazovanosti stanovništva, obrazovna struktura je i dalje loša, a udio aktivnih u ukupnom stanovništvu smanjuje se. Ipak, usprkos svim negativnim demografskim i gospodarskim procesima (ili možda upravo zbog njih), Mljet ima i određene prednosti za svoj potencijalni razvoj u budućnosti. Cilj donesenih zaključaka bit će bar dijelom upozoriti na njih.

O presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a produção de um conhecimento museológico judaico-brasileiro, por meio da atuação na interface entre estudos judaicos e museologia. Nesse contexto, reflete a trajetória de vinte e um anos do Museu Judaico de São Paulo: da constituição da Associação de Amigos ao estabelecimento da sede; da requalificação do edifício sinagogal que lhe dá origem à incorporação do Arquivo Histórico Judaico Brasileiro; das primeiras exposições temporárias às incursões no universo virtual, para citar apenas alguns marcos. A pesquisa examina a criação de um museu judaico pela comunidade de São Paulo até os momentos finais que antecedem a abertura da exposição de longa duração, à luz dos conceitos de museu e museu judaico, visando responder às seguintes perguntas: que museu é esse, o que motivou sua fundação na virada do século, quem são os protagonistas e o que os inspirou, para quem é o museu e qual seu papel na contemporaneidade. A metodologia empregada incluiu pesquisa bibliográfica, voltada aos temas da presença judaica no país e às questões de patrimônio, museus e memória, associada à pesquisa documental relacionada às entidades Templo Beth-El e Museu Judaico de São Paulo e às entrevistas elaboradas junto a idealizadores, diretores, conselheiros, colaboradores e demais envolvidos no projeto. O Museu Judaico de São Paulo faz parte de uma iniciativa comunitária. Ao mesmo tempo, quer falar à sociedade maior, exercendo sua incumbência social e seu poder de humanização, atribuições potenciais dos equipamentos culturais nos dias de hoje.

In the most common understanding, Americanization is
process of gradual transformation of social relations
and culture in relation to the norms and patterns found in the United States.
States of America [3, p.11]. In light of our consideration, we note that
moral, ethical and cultural American norms emerged.
were influenced by certain national-ethnic or re-
religious communities. The population of the United States is heterogeneous and multicultural.
nation. America's regions are dominated by immigrants from the United States.
the role of Germany, Ireland and other European countries. Wherein,
Please note that the United States is a Protestant majority country.

Scientifically advanced center for “Comparative Religion” of the Faculty of Philosophy of Odessa National University named after I.I. Mechnikov COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGION

SINOPSE:
Este livro trata de uma história inspirada na escritura religiosa
judaica na parte de Gênesis (Bereshit na Tora) adaptada ao público
infantil dentro de uma narrativa permeada por metáforas e
encantamentos. Os protagonistas da história são Deus e Noé, na qual
Noé indaga sobre as cores do arco-íris el relação ao mundo que ainda
não havia cores, onde a partir da indagação de Noé faixas de cores
do arco-íris são emitidas por meio do arco-íris com a intervenção
divina de Deus. Cada faixa de cor do arco-íris vai preenchendo cada
elemento da Terra, por exemplo como a cor azul preenche a cor dos
olhos de Noé e dos seus gatos, os oceanos, rios e os céus, a cor verde
pinta as árvores e plantas, e assim por diante.

Sinopsys:
This book is a story inspired by the Jewish religious scripture in the
part of Genesis (Bereshit in the Torah) adapted for children within a
narrative permeated by metaphors and enchantments. The
protagonists of the story are God and Noah, in which Noah asks
about the colors of the rainbow and in relation to the world that did
not yet have colors, where from Noah's question bands of rainbow
colors are emitted through the arc -iris with the divine intervention
of God. Each color band of the rainbow fills each element of the
Earth, for example how the color blue fills the color of Noah and his
cats' eyes, the oceans, rivers and the skies, the color green paints
the trees and plants, and so on.

Arco iris e a origem das cores do mundo = Rainbow and the origin of the color of the world!

Shalom (paz) a todos os leitores!
Shalom (peace) for all our readers!
Dr. Alan Freire de Lima e Arlete Freire de Lima

A Reforma dobra de tamanho em Israel Entrevista com o Rabino Gilad Kariv O oratório Esther do rabino Saraval André Nudelman A Reforma dobra de tamanho em Israel Entrevista com o Rabino Gilad Kariv O oratório Esther do rabino Saraval André Nudelman 200 anos de liturgia progressista. As origens Sefaraditas do Movimento Reformista

A distribuição desta revista é gratuita sendo sua comercialização expressamente proibida. Morashá significa Herança Espiritual; contém termos sagrados. Por favor, trate-a com o devido respeito. Os artigos assinados são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores, não refletindo necessariamente a opinião da revista. É expressamente proibida a reprodução desta publicação, inclusive os artigos aqui publicados, bem como distribuição, compartilhamento, publicação ou utilização como obra derivada, em qualquer formato, parcial ou total, sem prévia e expressa autorização por escrito do Instituto Morashá de Cultura. Esta publicação, incluindo textos e imagens, é protegida e tem todos seus direitos reservados pela legislação nacional e tratados internacionais vigentes. Textos, imagens, gráficos, diagramação e fotografias constituem em seu conjunto e isoladamente obras autorais protegidas, estando os direitos sobre a mesma reservados.

В Киеве в феврале 2014 года произошла антикриминальная революция, которая ещё не закончилась, а то, что произошло на востоке Украины, можно, соответственно, квалифицировать как криминальную контрреволюцию.
Ключевые слова: Украина; революция; В. Янукович.

Summary: In February 2014 an anti-criminal revolution broke out in Kiev, which has not come to the end so far. The events in Eastern Ukraine can be classified respectively as a criminal counter-revolution.
Key words: Ukraine; revolution; V. Yanukovich.

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются двойственная природа литературнохудожественных журналов и особенности этого вида изданий, согласно которым их можно отнести как к средствам массовой информации, так и к книгам. Внимание уделяется сменявшим друг друга историческим периодам (переходные периоды и периоды стабильности), в течение которых литературнохудожественным журналам были свойственны те или иные черты, и перспективам дальнейшего позиционирования литературно-художественных журналов в изменившемся социокультурном пространстве. Особый акцент делается на определении журнала как представителя книжной культуры и одного из элементов, составляющих понятие «книга».

Обзор материала А.Е. Локшина: "«СИОНИСТСКУЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЮ ПРИЗНАТЬ КОНТРРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОЙ И ЛИКВИДИРОВАТЬ». Из истории борьбы с сионистским движением в Советской России". - Восточный архив Но 2 (34), 2016). А.Е. Локшин, кандидат исторических наук (Институт востоковедения РАН). В нём целиком приводится потрясающий документ. Он представляет собой «заключение», которое было составлено по результатам проведённого расследования по делу арестованных делегатов сионистского съезда. Дело в том. что Сионистское руководство в России договорилось с советскими властями о проведении в апреле 1920 года в Москве всероссийского сионистского съезда-конференции. Однако в последний день съезда все его делегаты были арестованы ВЧК...евреи-коммунисты ненавидели Иудаизм и боролись с евреями-сионистами. Для коммунистов, отказавшихся от Б-га, народа и традиций предков, не составляло труда и не представляло сложности преследовать и уничтожать тех евреев, которые не разделяли их коммунистической идеологии. Лидеры еврейского народа Жаботинский или Усышкин для евреев-коммунистов всегда были врагами независимо от того где коммунисты проживали: в СССР, Израиле или США.

of-theirown-kin-the-jewish-police-during-the-german-occupation-part-i/ Fortepan/Fortepan This article is the first in a series of pieces dealing with the Jewish police (or 'ghetto police') in Hungary during the Holocaust. While much has been written about the Jewish police forces in other countries, such as Poland, the Hungarian scene is largely undiscovered. Under communism, the Jewish Hungarians who were

In this paper, the author presents the results of a survey conducted electronically from the beginning of March to the end of May 2021 among students of nine high schools in Varaždin on their knowledge and attitudes about fascism and anti-fascism. The survey consisted of 20 questions, and the answers were given by 356 students. This paper does not bring critiques or suggestions of the history curriculum for high schools, but presents some of its results. Special attention was paid to the events marking the 80th anniversary of the persecution of

The aim of this article is to offer an overview of the legal and political context of the Catalan Jewish communities between 1240 and 1391. This contribution will synthesize the complex net of factors, rules, and theories that shaped the Catalan Jewry's social environment by combining the use of Hebrew and Christian sources. Communal self-government was built upon the convergence between royal legislation and the normative and theoretical production of the communities. My objective is to capture this multi-facetted reality. The discussion below will focus on the main privileges granted by the Catalan-Aragonese kings to their Jewish subjects, the political theories developed by the Jewish scholars of the time, and the communal legal production. I will pay special attention to the social and historical elements that boosted the evolution of the communal system.

In this paper the authors present the results of their research carried out within the international project on the integration of youth, which was carried out in cooperation with the University of Tübingen for many years (Jugend zwischen Ausgrenzung und Integration. Theorien und Methoden eines internationalen Projekts). The data presented here are the result of the application of qualitative methods of analysis-focus groups analysis-applied in two schools in a part of the city of Zagrebin a primary and in a secondary school. The main goal of the research was to establish potential differences in the aspects of pupil's integration in two schools-primary and secondary. The results indicated that major differences between these two groups of pupils were not present in the respect to the types of schools as well as to the ways of integration. The research results also confirmed that the expected relations in the processes of marginalization and stigmatisation of certain pupils are much more connected and affiliated with the social origins and social standings of their parents-and of the pupils themselves-than with any other "specific" characteristic and/or variable that might be found among the pupils.

In this paper the authors present the results of their research carried out within the international project on the integration of youth, which was carried out in cooperation with the University of Tübingen for many years (Jugend zwischen Ausgrenzung und Integration. Theorien und Methoden eines internationalen Projekts). The data presented here are the result of the application of qualitative methods of analysis-focus groups analysis-applied in two schools in a part of the city of Zagrebin a primary and in a secondary school. The main goal of the research was to establish potential differences in the aspects of pupil's integration in two schools-primary and secondary. The results indicated that major differences between these two groups of pupils were not present in the respect to the types of schools as well as to the ways of integration. The research results also confirmed that the expected relations in the processes of marginalization and stigmatisation of certain pupils are much more connected and affiliated with the social origins and social standings of their parents-and of the pupils themselves-than with any other "specific" characteristic and/or variable that might be found among the pupils.

Статья содержит подробное описание белорусско-украинских политических и дипломатических отношений в 1918 году. Хотя Украинское Государство не признавало независимости Белорусской Народной Республики, но украинское консульство функционировало в Минске. Отсутствие единства буржуазных национальных государств на руинах Российской империи привело к потере их независимости до 1920 года. Ключевые слова: Белорусская Народная Республика, Беларусь, Украинская Держава, Гетман Павел Скоропадский. The article contains a detailed description of the Belarusian-Ukrainian political and diplomatic relations during the Ukrainian State in 1918. Although the Ukrainian State did not recognize the independence of the Belarusian People’s Republic, the Ukrainian consulate functioned in Minsk. The lack of unity of the bourgeois national states in the ruins of the Russian Empire led to the loss of their independence until 1920. Key-words: Belarusian People’s Republic of Belarus, Belarus, Ukrainian State, Getm...

Война против Украины, которую российская пропаганда представляет продолжением Второй мировой, разворачивается в географическом и историческом пространстве, в котором произошел Холокост, а также-семантически-на «кровавых землях», как называет их Тимоти Снайдер. Полномасштабное вторжение России в эту фактическую и символическую географию активировало ревизионистские дискурсы о коллаборационизме времен Второй мировой войны, Холокосте и истории евреев

Сборник докладов и статей посвящен истории Холокоста на территории СССР и сохранению памяти о трагедии евреев в годы Второй мировой войны. Ведущие историки из Израиля, России, Беларуси, Украины, Азербайджана, Латвии и Германии вводят в научный оборот новые документы, затрагивают широкий круг вопросов, в том числе: евреи и антисемитизм в СССР, региональные особенности политики уничтожения еврейского народа и сопротивления узников в гетто и концлагерях, мемориальные проекты и «войны памяти» вокруг трагедии Второй мировой войны. Издание подготовлено по итогам конференции, которая состоялась 4–5 мая 2023 г. в Иерусалиме. Организаторами выступили Государственный комитет по работе с диаспорой Азербайджанской Республики, Институт Бен Цви в Иерусалиме, Международная ассоциация Израиль – Азербайджан «АзИз».

U radu se istražuju centralne funkcije naselja u novogradiškom kraju i gravitacija stanovništva prema gradovima izvan toga prostora radi zadovoljavanja osnovnih potreba. Centralne funkcije određene su na temelju desk-metoda i terenskoga istraživanja, a obuhvatile su funkciju obrazovanja, zdravstva, opskrbe, telekomunikacija i uprave. Gravitacijska usmjerenost stanovništva utvrđena je na temelju anketnoga istraživanja na reprezentativnom uzorku lokalnoga stanovništva, zasebno za funkcije obrazovanja, zdravstva, opskrbe i kulture. Istraživanje je pokazalo nedovoljnu funkcionalnu opremljenost Nove Gradiške i cijeloga promatranog prostora zbog čega većina stanovništva povremeno ili redovito cirkulira u druge centre, ponajprije u Slavonski Brod i Zagreb, čiji se gravitacijski domet i privlačna snaga preklapaju na ovom prostoru unatoč razlici u udaljenosti. Anketno istraživanje pokazalo je da problem čak nije ni u broju i vrsti funkcija, nego u njihovoj kvaliteti zbog čega dio ispitanika preferira odlazak u Zagreb jer tamošnje usluge drži kvalitetnijima.

Ernő Munkácsi was born on 7 August 1896 in Páncélcseh, a small village in the eastern part of the Kingdom of Hungary. 1 It was an era of peace and prosperity for the Jews of Hungary. Bit by bit, beginning around the middle of the nineteenth century, Hungarian Jewry had been granted full legal and economic emancipation. This relative freedom led to a surge of immigration from other parts of the Hapsburg Empire, mostly Moravia and Galicia. From a modest 83,000 (1 percent of the population) in 1787, the Jews of Hungary grew to nearly one million (5 percent) on the eve of the First World War, 2 just as Ernő Munkácsi was turning eighteen. In many ways, Munkácsi's family perfectly illustrated the social and economic mobility made possible to many Hungarian Jews in those years. Munkácsi's great-grandfather Bernát (Be'er Dov) Munk (1800-1852) was an itinerant peddler in rural Nyitra County in northwestern Hungary (today Slovakia) where he and his wife, Chaile Felsenburg (1805-1842), lived a harsh hand-to-mouth existence. Only three of their eight children survived to adulthood, among them Ernő's grandfather Adolf (Méir Ávrahám) Munk (1830-1907). Adolf, a talented Talmud student, quickly climbed out of poverty; first working as a private tutor for Orthodox Jewish families and then later as a corn merchant in the thriving city of Nagyvárad (today Oradea, Romania). However, it is as an adherent of the Jewish Enlightenment, or Haskalah intellectual movement, and as a writer of poetry, short stories, and political essays that Adolf Munk made a name for himself; most notably as the author of My Life's Histories, his sweeping autobiography written in classical Hebrew in 1899 and published posthumously in Hungarian. 3 The Munk family's move from Nyitra to Nagyvárad followed a common pattern of migration for Hungary's Jews in the nineteenth century, from rural backwater or shtetl to a cosmopolitan urban centre that, in this case, soon boasted the nation's second-largest Jewish population after Budapest. Around the time that Adolf Munk's eldest son (and Ernő Munkácsi's father) Bernát, was born in Nagyvárad in 1860, about 6 percent of the city's population

Resumo Neste artigo, são analisadas duas crônicas jornalísticas do escritor árabe israelense Sayed Kashua publicadas no jornal Haaretz. Nelas, um embate entre uma sociedade radical e racista e a herança ética e moral dos idealizadores do Sionismo, segundo a qual os árabes receberiam direitos iguais aos da população judaica, encontram-se como pano de fundo de histórias tão satíricas quanto trágicas. O preconceito contra o árabe permeia as situações pelas quais passa o eu do cronista, mas cabe ao leitor decidir se ele é apenas uma possibilidade que poderia ser vivenciada, se ele de fato está presente nas relações do árabe na sociedade judaico israelense à sua volta ou se estas são alternativas que se complementam.

Debaty wokół zakazu uboju rytualnego w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia prawne związane z ubojem rytualnym w okresie międzywojennym (1918-1939) na szerokim tle toczonych wówczas debat w publicystyce oraz parlamencie. Szczegółowo została opisana argumentacja zarówno zwolenników, jak i przeciwników uboju rytualnego. Wskazano, że zwolennicy wprowadzenia zakazu sięgali najczęściej po argumenty ekonomiczne, dotyczące potrzeby uregulowania rynku mięsa, podczas gdy przeciwnicy zakazu (głównie wyznawcy judaizmu) dowodzili, że zakaz godzi w konstytucyjne gwarancje wolności wyznania. Autorzy przeanalizowali prace ustawodawcze prowadzące do uchwalenia ustawy z dnia 17 kwietnia 1936 r. o uboju zwierząt gospodarskich w rzeźniach (Dz.U. nr 29, poz. 237), która ograniczyła ubój rytualny, a także prace parlamentarne nad wprowadzeniem całkowitego zakazu uboju rytualnego w marcu 1938 r. i w marcu 1939 r.

Debaty wokół zakazu uboju rytualnego w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia prawne związane z ubojem rytualnym w okresie międzywojennym (1918-1939) na szerokim tle toczonych wówczas debat w publicystyce oraz parlamencie. Szczegółowo została opisana argumentacja zarówno zwolenników, jak i przeciwników uboju rytualnego. Wskazano, że zwolennicy wprowadzenia zakazu sięgali najczęściej po argumenty ekonomiczne, dotyczące potrzeby uregulowania rynku mięsa, podczas gdy przeciwnicy zakazu (głównie wyznawcy judaizmu) dowodzili, że zakaz godzi w konstytucyjne gwarancje wolności wyznania. Autorzy przeanalizowali prace ustawodawcze prowadzące do uchwalenia ustawy z dnia 17 kwietnia 1936 r. o uboju zwierząt gospodarskich w rzeźniach (Dz.U. nr 29, poz. 237), która ograniczyła ubój rytualny, a także prace parlamentarne nad wprowadzeniem całkowitego zakazu uboju rytualnego w marcu 1938 r. i w marcu 1939 r.