Horse racing

This article aimed to address the void in current knowledge by gaining an understanding of the coaches’ role in equestrian sport. This research suggests that the role of the sports coach is to develop the physical, mental, tactical, technical and psychological attributes of the athlete as well as to plan and organize the individual training plan for rider and horse and competition schedule.

Racing Through Time and Tides
A Collector’s Memoir of India’s Equestrian Heritage

From the thrill of the turf to the quiet poetry of vintage sweep tickets, enamel badges, and colonial-era memorabilia, this evocative collection brings alive the forgotten charm of Indian horse racing. Vikram Bachhawat’s deeply personal reflections take us through decades of memories—of racecourses lost to time, friendships forged over finish lines, and acts of generosity that supported the unseen hands behind the sport.

Blending history with heart, Racing Through Time and Tides is not just a celebration of horses, races, and heritage clubs—it is a tribute to a culture, a community, and a way of life. Richly illustrated with rare artifacts and narrated in the tone of a cherished diary, this book invites readers to journey alongside one man’s passion for racing and preservation.

With the rapid expansion of the gambling industry in Asian markets over the past decade, South Korea has implemented policies seeking to expand entertainment gambling while simultaneously seeking to reduce possible harms from problem gambling. In 2016, the mandatory electronic players’ card (EPC) system was adopted into specific Korean horse and cycling venues to discourage problem gambling behaviors since it prohibits large bets, while permitting other venues to autonomously operate EPC systems. This study compares preliminary data from mandatory versus autonomous venues to explore how EPC systems impact gambling behaviors, revenues, and policies. Overall, electronic cards were more widely adopted in mandatory venues for horse betting and in autonomous venues for cycling betting. Analyses indicate that larger bets were placed at both horse- and cycle-betting venues with autonomous card registration versus mandatory venues. While the EPC system mitigated problem gambling behaviors i...

En el primer capítulo del fascinante libro Historia del Turf Argentino (2014), Roy Hora es enfático al afirmar que la hípica, no sólo en su país, sino en el continente sudamericano, ha sido un objeto de estudio sumamente relegado. Al notar la carencia de trabajos académicos y, en general, una cultura universitaria poco interesada en la importancia de todo lo relacionado a la actividad que se desarrolla en los hipódromos, el historiador argentino señala que "un ambiente universitario y una alta cultura que desestiman al hipódromo, y una elite social casi ágrafa nos han dejado sin grandes textos y sin grandes cronistas a partir de los cuales reconstruir las peculiaridades de lo que fue, sin duda, un tema de enorme interés tanto para los poderosos como para los hombres del común" (2014: 53). Aunque Hora se refiere a la situación propia de Argentina -donde resalta el aporte del cronista Máximo Sáenz, conocido popularmente como "Last Reason"-, las condiciones que describe, para el contexto peruano, son bastantes similares, aunque con una singular excepción. Y es que, el fundamental autor y teórico marxista José Carlos Mariátegui, en su juventud, trabajó como periodista hípico. En efecto, entre 1915 y 1917, es decir, entre sus veinte y veintitrés años, laboróen el primer año como co-director junto a Eduardo Zapata-en El Turf, un semanario sobre carreras de caballos -fundado en 1914 por el aficionado hípico Manuel Porcari-en el que, mediante distintos seudónimos -Juan Croniqueur, Jack, Kendeliz Cadet, Kendalif, Monsieur de Camomille, principalmente-publicó una gran multiplicidad de textos. En realidad, como señala Thissen (2017) Mariátegui había ingresado al ambiente periodístico en 1909, año en el que fue llevado por el linotipista Manuel Campos a trabajar en La Prensa; allí inició desempeñando labores en imprenta y, recién en 1911, publicó sus primeros artículos con la firma de Juan Croniqueur. La importancia de esta etapa, tal como plantea Martín Bergel (2021), radica en que aquí la vital y versátil escritura de Mariátegui fue moldeándose fruto de una vertiginosa producción escrita enmarcada en las exigencias del diarismo; adquirió, también, su particular estilo intelectual, caracterizado por la aptitud crítica y la velocidad. Y, aunque para 1919 ya había colaborado con importantes revistas como Variedades o Colónida de Abraham Valdelomar, no debe perderse de vista que en 1915, según Thissen (2017), fue el año de su despegue, en el que adquirió un pleno reconocimiento en el mundo periodístico. Precisamente el año de mayor escritura hípica. Este singular aspecto de la trayectoria mariateguiana si bien ha sido señalado por ejemplo, por

espanolEl presente articulo se refiere al aprovechamiento del turismo ecuestre, basado en carreras hipicas del Ecuador, que datan de hace mas de 100 anos. El estudio se da en el Hipodromo Miguel Salem Dibo ubicado en el canton Samborondon, el cual consta de trayectoria en el ambito de la hipica, siendo el unico referente de esta clase de actividades en el pais, por lo que se ha considerado por medio de una investigacion la posibilidad de incorporar nuevas actividades, fusionando y manteniendo las actividades que realiza el hipodromo en la actualidad. Como objetivo general se propuso: analizar la situacion actual del Hipodromo Miguel Salem Dibo para su desarrollo como producto turistico. Los resultados se dieron a cabo a traves de la aplicacion de metodos historico-logico y analitico-sintetico, que por el uso de tecnicas como la observacion, entrevista y la encuesta aplicada a una muestra de 374 visitantes al hipodromo se determinaron las necesidades, expectativas y sugerencias para ...

In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur gibt es keine detaillierte Angaben über das Training von Pferden, die bei Distanzrennen eingesetzt werden. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Daten aus den Jahren 2001 bis 2003, als Pferde, die in Deutschland für den Distanzrennsport trainierten, sportwissenschaftlich betreut wurden. Die Betreuung bestand aus 3 Teilen: 1) Leistungsdiagnostik bei 13 Pferden während der Trainingssaison; 2) Leistungsdiagnostik bei 18 Pferden während eines Sichtungslehrgangs für eine Europameisterschaft; 3) Auswertung der Trainingsprotokolle von 10 Pferden während einer Trainings-und Wettkampfsaison. Für die Leistungsdiagnostik wurden die v 4 und v 180 der Pferde mittels Belastungstests ermittelt (v 4 , v 180 : Geschwindigkeiten, bei denen unter den vorgegebenen Bedingungen bei Pferden im Blut eine Laktatkonzentration im Blut -LA -von 4 mmol/l bzw. eine Herzfrequenz von 180 Schlägen/min berechnet wird). Die Belastungstests hatten verschiedene Vorschriften entsprechend der Trainings-und Wettkampfvorgeschichte der Pferde. Von den Pferden, die am Sichtungslehrgang teilnahmen, wurden zusätzlich die Plasmaglukose-sowie -kortisolgehalte und die -CK-Aktivität nach jedem Intervall der Belastungstests gemessen. Die mittlere v 4 und v 180 der erfahrenen Pferde betrug 9,10 ± 0,46 m/s und 9,41 ± 1,87 m/s. Die Werte für die Pferde im Aufbau waren 9,16 ± 0,85 m/s und 9,20 ± 0,52 m/s. Bei keiner der Pferdegruppen gab es eine Beziehung zwischen v 4 und v 180 (p > 0.05). Insgesamt konnten nur bei 6 der 18 Pferde, die beim Sichtungslehrgang für die Europameisterschaft teilnahmen, die v 4 und v 180 berechnet werden. Dies lag daran, dass die bei den Intervallen des Tests tatsächlich gerittenen Geschwindigkeiten bei der Mehrheit der Pferde sehr deutlich von den geforderten Geschwindigkeiten abwichen. Die Werte der Glukose-und Kortisolgehalte sowie der CK-Aktivitäten im Plasma dieser Pferde nahmen im Verlauf der Tests zu (p < 0,05). Es ergab sich jedoch für keine der Variablen ein Unterschied zwischen den für die Europameisterschaft nominierten und nicht nominierten Pferden. Der Anteil von Tagen, an denen kein Training stattfand, betrug zwischen 26 und 57 %. An den Tagen, an denen die Pferde belastet wurden, fanden überwiegend Belastungen für die Erhaltung oder Verbesserung der Ausdauer statt: zwischen 17 und 73 % der Tage, wenn eine Trainingseinheit höchstens 60 Minuten lang war, 11 bis 46 % wenn die Belastung mehr als 1 Stunde dauerte. Bei Trainingseinheiten (TE), die zur Erhaltung oder Verbesserung der Ausdauer eingesetzt wurden, gingen die Pferde im Durchschnitt hauptsächlich im Schritt und im Trab. Diese Arbeit bietet eine Übersicht in das in Deutschland übliche Training von Pferden für Distanzritte und legt damit eine Grundlage, um Veränderungen zu prüfen, die eine bessere Vorbereitung der Pferde auf Wettkämpfe erlauben.

We report a pharmacoepidemiological study on foreign substance identifications at La Rinconada racetrack, Caracas Venezuela from 2008 to 2012. During this period 59904 horses started at La Rinconada in 4992 races of average field size 12 starters per race.  At “La Rinconada” all winners and other randomly selected horses are tested yielding a total of 12.644 samples tested over the four year period of this review. Of these samples 126 were reported positive for at least one substance considered reportable under the rules of racing in Venezuela. No ARCI class 1 and two substances were identified in these samples. The most frequently identified substances were furosemide, 31 identifications, followers by no steroidal anti- inflammatory agents, 25 in total, and including phenylbutazone, dipyrone and Flunixin meglumine.  Corticosteroids identified include dexamethasone and triamcinolone, for a total of 43 identifications. There were 5 bronchodilator identifications reported including cl...

When GE was included in the analysis, the regression model was significantly improved (adjusted R 2 = 0.90, p = 0.031). Conclusions The study showed that the mean power output sustained during a vertical race is close to the power associated with VT2 and it is highly correlated with athletes' physiological characteristics. Particularly, two variables, VO 2 at VT2 and GE, measurable with a specific GXT, accounted for the 90% of performance variation in a ski-mountaineering vertical race. Accordingly, training programs should focus on the maximal development of VT2 as well as on increasing GE by technical improvement.

When GE was included in the analysis, the regression model was significantly improved (adjusted R 2 = 0.90, p = 0.031). Conclusions The study showed that the mean power output sustained during a vertical race is close to the power associated with VT2 and it is highly correlated with athletes' physiological characteristics. Particularly, two variables, VO 2 at VT2 and GE, measurable with a specific GXT, accounted for the 90% of performance variation in a ski-mountaineering vertical race. Accordingly, training programs should focus on the maximal development of VT2 as well as on increasing GE by technical improvement.

Rationale: Limited research is available on endurance horse riding participants. Purpose: This research identified different segments of these niche participants. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to participants during an international endurance ride held in South Africa. Based on convenience sampling, a total of 116 completed questionnaires were obtained. Five motives to participate in the race (race, challenge, intrinsic, equine performance and event experience achievement) and four behavioural involvement pursuits (passive equine pursuits, event loyalty pursuits, active equine pursuits, and health and fitness pursuits) were identified. Based on these factors, three distinct endurance horse riding participant segments were identified: Equine achievers, Equine pursuers, and Equine challengers. Findings: The findings confirm that endurance sport participants cannot be regarded as homogenous. Contributions: Endurance horse riding events can be seen as a means to facilitate and encourage additional behavioural involvement pursuits that help expand the endurance horse-riding industry in South Africa.

Zaprežni sport je zahtjevna konjička disciplina koja se u trodnevnom natjecanju sastoji iz elegantne dresurne, najteže maratonske, te utakmice vožnje preciznosti između čunjeva. Tijekom maratona konji prelaze 20 km, a toliko dnevno prelaze i u intenzivnom treningu u sezoni natjecanja. Stoga sportski konji zahtijevaju znatno složeniji program hranidbe od ostalih kategorija konja. Istraživanja su obuhvatila četiri različita načina hranidbe uspješnih lipicanskih sportskih konja u privatnom i ergelskom uzgoju. Svaki od njih ima različitu strukturu obroka i svaki od tih načina hranidbe ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke. U sezoni natjecanja konji u Konjičkom klubu "Osijek" dobivaju 1667 g sir. bjelančevina i 154,55 MJ probavljive energije, a to u odnosu na normu iznosi dnevno više 365 g sir. bjelančevina i 17,24 MJ probavljive energije. U Državnoj ergeli lipicanaca Đakovo konji dobivaju ukupno 1546 g sir. bjelančevina i 139,71 MJ probavljive energije, što je 22 MJ probavljive energije manje od propisane norme. Lipicanci obiteljskog gospodarstva Dorušak dobivaju ukupno 1381 g sir. bjelančevina i 104,03 MJ probavljive energije, što je za 69 g sir. bjelančevina više, a za 33 MJ probavljive energije manje. Obrok lipicanaca na obiteljskom gospodarstvu Vidačić sadrži ukupno 2017 g sir. bjelančevina i 204,85 MJ probavljive energije, što je više za 465 g sir. bjelančevina i 42,42 MJ probavljive energije od propisane norme. Pokazalo se da pored strukture obroka veliku važnost ima kvaliteta krme, kao i način hranidbe i broj obroka. Budući da je zaprežni sport u RH još uvijek u fazi razvoja, potrebno je educirati vlasnike i uzgajivače konja u pronalaženju najboljih načina hranidbe njihovih konja, jer hranidba svakako ima vrlo veliku ulogu u postizanju vrhunskih rezultata u zaprežnom sportu. Ključne riječi: hranidba konja, zaprežni sport, probavljiva energija, sirove bjelančevine.

Horse breeding in the Republic of Croatia, before its entrance into European Union, is in the transitional period. In the breeding sense, Croatian horse breeding is set according to the model of European countries and is trying to counteract with ?modern horse breeding countries?. Croatian Center for Horse Breeding - Djakovo and Lipik State Stud Farms (CCHB), with the Central register of equidae is, as the head national institution, responsible for running and maintaining national central equidae database (49 registers of horses and 27 registers of breeding types). Croatia has registered total of 21.796 equidae, from which 19.306 animals are horses. Registered horses according to groups make the total proportion of 37% warmblood horses, 59% coldblood horses and 4% ponies. Horse breeders are organized in breeders associations, which form federations of associations referring to separate horse breeds. Currently in Croatia there are four federations of breeders associations (with 43 as...

ABSTRACT
South Africa is a developing country that prides itself on having in-depth understanding of gambling activities. People engage in gambling activities like casino games and lotteries. Even though gambling activities have evolved from being a relatively unusual occurrence limited to brick-and-mortar casinos, bingo halls, race and sports books, it has become a technologically sophisticated sector that is growing significantly every year. In this study Siphamandla explored the sustainability of South Africa’s gambling sector, with a focus on assessing the opportunities presented in the face declining revenues. The findings of the study noted the increase in unregulated (and thus illegal) gambling in South Africa as a troubling trend.  Notably, it was revealed that both internal and external elements contributed to the industry's swift drop in fortunes. The internal variables include marketing, tax income, while education, innovation, globalisation, economic and political instability, change, as well as government legislations are some of the external variables affecting the industry.  As part of recommendations, the study noted the need for government interventions for the industry, while the national gambling board could reinforce the closure of all illegal gambling establishments, among other things.

considerados como vehículo de producción de alimentos para el difunto, y cuyo número resulta muy reducido en el suelo de Asturias 3 , las figuraciones de los astros, especialmente en el caso del disco solar, resultan mucho más abundantes. Y frente a una población en concreto (los vadinienses) y un suelo igualmente definido, el Oriente asturiano, que ha aportado hasta la fecha los únicos monumentos (naturalemnte funerarios), los signos astrales reflejados en las inscripciones latinas ocupan prácticamente todo el ámbito territorial de la actual Asturias. Ahora bien, si hacemos excepción, como analizaremos más adelante, de dos monumentos de carácter votivo (el dedicado a Júpiter hallado en Serrapio, concejo de Aller, y el consagrado a la Fortuna de los baños descubierto en Pumarín, concejo de Gijón, a los que tal vez haya que añadir el ara anepígrafa de San Martín de Laspra, concejo de Castrillón), el resto (más de una veintena) se corresponde con estelas funerarias, alguna incluso discoidea, como se observa en el caso de la descubierta en La Lloraza (Villaviciosa), cuyo estado de conservación no nos permite conocer la identidad del difunto ni de quien le dedica el monumento.

The recent legalization of sports wagering in many regions of North America has renewed attention on the practice of sports betting. Although considerable effort has been previously devoted to the analysis of sportsbook odds setting and public betting trends, the principles governing optimal wagering have received less focus. Here the key decisions facing the sports bettor are cast in terms of the probability distribution of the outcome variable and the sportsbook’s proposition. Knowledge of the median outcome is shown to be a sufficient condition for optimal prediction in a given match, but additional quantiles are necessary to optimally select the subset of matches to wager on (i.e., those in which one of the outcomes yields a positive expected profit). Upper and lower bounds on wagering accuracy are derived, and the conditions required for statistical estimators to attain the upper bound are provided. To relate the theory to a real-world betting market, an empirical analysis of over 5000 matches from the National Football League is conducted. It is found that the point spreads and totals proposed by sportsbooks capture 86% and 79% of the variability in the median outcome, respectively. The data suggests that, in most cases, a sportsbook bias of only a single point from the true median is sufficient to permit a positive expected profit. Collectively, these findings provide a statistical framework that may be utilized by the betting public to guide decision-making.

We apply a novel daily time series data set of daily turnover from one of Britain's leading bookmakers to analyze potential substitution between lottery play and bookmaker betting. We find some evidence that bettors do substitute away from horse race, soccer and numbers betting when the effective price of lottery tickets is unusually low, that is, when there is a rollover or other special draw. This substitution has a highly specific pattern of timing that varies by sector. Our results further suggest that bettors rationally engage in forward-looking substitution within their betting portfolios. (JEL D12, L83) *We wish to thank participants at the 80th Western Economic Association Annual Conference, San Francisco, and two anonymous referees for constructive suggestions. We are grateful to the anonymous bookmaking company, which provided the bulk of the data for our analysis. D.F. acknowledges support from a Leverhulme Fellowship. O.D.

With the Irish Horse Racing and Breeding industry a massive contributor to the Irish
economy each year, exploration of the bodies that govern the industry must be taken.
Analysis of the Irish Horseracing Regulatory with the implementation of standpoint theory,
utilising the National Sports Governance Observer tool, referring to the internal documents of
the organisation itself and the Acts that the organisation is referenced in under Irish Law.
The examination of public discourse to understand how the public feel in relation to the
organisation and racing in its entirety. With little previous research into governance in racing
in Ireland, references will be made to good governance practices in the wider sporting world.
The overall aim of this paper is to conduct analysis of the governance function of Irish
Racing at present, whilst also factoring in how the organisation is viewed under legislation
and in the eyes of the public.

The aim of this paper is to study folk games which were organized by the Greek at cultural events in Thrace taking as its source the literature that has been published on the topic and fieldwork materials. Research has revealed that Thracians celebrated almost every festival and celebration with wrestling matches or a horse racing event. These spontaneous athletic games were connected with religion while these were often performed at religious festivals. The winners were mostly awarded lambs and goats, which were the offerings of believers to the church or offerings of shepherds for having had a good year and for their flocks. At special weddings, the Greek also organized horse races and wrestling matches.

In recent years (since 2019), a professional niche formed by Kyrgyz men has rapidly risen to dominate the horse racing ranking in Poland. This article explores their life trajectories and proposes a theoretical framework describing their mode of mobility. It is based on interviews with Kyrgyz riders, complemented by interviews with horse racing trainers. The study reveals details of their life trajectories and identifies some common features and sequences in their experiences. These are: the usage of unique cultural capital acquired in childhood and physical capital to transition from traditional horse racing to English-style racing, the gradual shift from transregional occupational networks to transnational ones in which Poland serves as a waiting zone, and unspecified (but related to the global horse racing industry) plans for the future. This case study is analysed from the perspective of translocality and transnational migration. I argue that the socioeconomic circumstances in the migrants' country of origin and the vocational pathway they undertook as teenagers within the horse racing, result in the permanent temporality of their mobility between enclaves of horse racing centres. The article proposes the concept of dual enclavity and nomadicity to capture the particular nature of this form of mobility.

By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.

By investigating the global history of horse racing from antiquity to the modern period, it is likewise possible to overcome the traditional pitfalls in the periodization of sport history. Instead of claiming an exclusiveness of modern sport and downgrading premodern physical contests as pure phenomena of alterity, this special issue discusses racing in the horse age as a deep history of diachronically comparable practices, discourses, and perceptions centered around the competitive staging of equine speed.

Zaprežni sport je zahtjevna konjička disciplina koja se u trodnevnom natjecanju sastoji iz elegantne dresurne, najteže maratonske, te utakmice vožnje preciznosti između čunjeva. Tijekom maratona konji prelaze 20 km, a toliko dnevno prelaze i u intenzivnom treningu u sezoni natjecanja. Stoga sportski konji zahtijevaju znatno složeniji program hranidbe od ostalih kategorija konja. Istraživanja su obuhvatila četiri različita načina hranidbe uspješnih lipicanskih sportskih konja u privatnom i ergelskom uzgoju. Svaki od njih ima različitu strukturu obroka i svaki od tih načina hranidbe ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke. U sezoni natjecanja konji u Konjičkom klubu "Osijek" dobivaju 1667 g sir. bjelančevina i 154,55 MJ probavljive energije, a to u odnosu na normu iznosi dnevno više 365 g sir. bjelančevina i 17,24 MJ probavljive energije. U Državnoj ergeli lipicanaca Đakovo konji dobivaju ukupno 1546 g sir. bjelančevina i 139,71 MJ probavljive energije, što je 22 MJ probavljive energije manje od propisane norme. Lipicanci obiteljskog gospodarstva Dorušak dobivaju ukupno 1381 g sir. bjelančevina i 104,03 MJ probavljive energije, što je za 69 g sir. bjelančevina više, a za 33 MJ probavljive energije manje. Obrok lipicanaca na obiteljskom gospodarstvu Vidačić sadrži ukupno 2017 g sir. bjelančevina i 204,85 MJ probavljive energije, što je više za 465 g sir. bjelančevina i 42,42 MJ probavljive energije od propisane norme. Pokazalo se da pored strukture obroka veliku važnost ima kvaliteta krme, kao i način hranidbe i broj obroka. Budući da je zaprežni sport u RH još uvijek u fazi razvoja, potrebno je educirati vlasnike i uzgajivače konja u pronalaženju najboljih načina hranidbe njihovih konja, jer hranidba svakako ima vrlo veliku ulogu u postizanju vrhunskih rezultata u zaprežnom sportu. Ključne riječi: hranidba konja, zaprežni sport, probavljiva energija, sirove bjelančevine. Rad je izvod iz diplomskog rada Josipa Salaića "Važnost hranidbe za postizanje vrhunskih rezultata lipicanskih konja u zaprežnom sportu", obranjenog na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Osijeku. Prikazani rezultati proizašli su iz znanstvenog projekta «Analiza i genetsko unapređivanje sportskih pasmina konja u Hrvatskoj», provođenog uz potporu Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i športa Republike Hrvatske.

This is the story of the rise and fall of the fame and fortunes of an American telegraph operator and creamery owner named Charles W. Williams. Although he had no experience with racehorses, in 1885 Williams bought two mares who, within a single year, gave birth to two stallions, named Axtell and Allerton, both of whom went on to break world trotting records. As a result, the Iowa town where Williams lived, named Independence, became world famous, and was soon the site of an unusual kite-shaped racetrack, an extravagant hotel and opera house, and a racing complex called Rush Park. But when an economic crash occurred in the US in 1892, there was a steep and rapid decline.

Note for quotation. Comments welcome. The author thanks Raymond Sauer for providing his data and for helpful comments. James Moser also contributed helpful suggestions. Portions of this paper were written while the author served as a Visiting Scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The views expressed here are the author's and not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta or the Federal Reserve System. Please do not quote without permission. Any errors are mine.

This paper presents the results of an investigation to determine perceptions, awareness, and knowledge of the unwanted horse population in Illinois from the viewpoint of horse owners, non-horse owners, and equine industry stakeholders. A questionnaire included items that pertained to knowledge of current legislation, equine background, current methods of controlling the unwanted horse population, and methods that respondents believe would reduce the unwanted horse population in Illinois. Results indicated that 58% of horse owners viewed horses as companion animals. Respondents perceived financial hardship to be the major reason why horses become unwanted. Current methods of managing unwanted horse populations were found to be ineffective. Reducing the costs of euthanasia and carcass disposal, allowing processing facilities to reopen in Illinois, and increasing the availability of gelding programs emerged as the most effective ways to manage the unwanted horse population. Results of this survey may lead to greater awareness of the unwanted horse population in Illinois. Furthermore, these results may lead to discussions about future legislation in the State designed to support and manage unwanted horses.

From the Olympian Games to the modern film Ben-Hur , horse- and chariot-races have proven a potent and enduring symbol of the agonistic culture of Classical Antiquity. Similarities did exist between Greek, Etruscan, and Roman cultures: equestrianism of all forms, due to the expense involved, had aristocratic overtones. But in contrast to the Greeks’ equal passion for mounted horse races and chariot racing, Romans strongly favored the latter, which they developed under the primary influence of the Etruscans and expanded into an empire-wide, professionalized industry.

Apuntes nació como revista a partir de un taller de investigación coordinado por Lucas Rubinich en el Centro de Estudios en Cultura y Política en 1997. La publicación buscaba intervenir en el campo del debate político-intelectual local, a partir una idea específica de investigación social como proceso inconcluso, artesanal; y esto no sólo por su relación "con la tecnología" sino, sobre todo, por su énfasis en la reflexividad y en la necesidad poner en cuestión al sujeto objetivante para arribar a una construcción de conocimiento crítico en un sentido amplio y profundo. De este modo, la revista se inspiraba en una de las máximas bourdianas: "Nosotros seremos la conciencia empírica de la teoría europea y la conciencia crítica del empirismo norteamericano", como forma de jugar con la tensión ensayo/ciencia social que caracterizó los debates locales durante los noventa. 1. IDAES, UNSAM-CONICET.

O ator, em seu processo de trabalho, recorre a técnicas corporais estilizadas para desenvolver a sua presença física, técnicas essas consolidadas por outras tradições. O nosso objetivo é o de criar um sistema de treinamento para o ator, fundamentado nas técnicas corporais da lide campeira do gaúcho. Acreditamos que as atividades da lide são manifestações vivas que contém a energia, o vigor, a eficácia e a precisão, elementos que são também encontrados nos princípios defendidos por Meyerhold, Etienne Decroux, Jacques Lecoq e Eugenio Barba no que concerne a presença física do ator/dançarino. Para alcançar esse objetivo, a equipe passou por um processo de aprendizagem nas fases: instrumentalização corporal (Mimo de Ação, Análise de Movimentos e Acrobacia); pesquisa de campo numa fazenda (observação e registro das atividades de pealar, domar, tirar o leite, fazer a lingüiça, isolar o animal no tronco, tosquiar e laçar, tendo sido as quatro últimas também executadas. Seleção e análise dessas atividades (Mimo 023 de ação, decodificação, estilização e codificação de cada atividade). Durante este processo foram criadas nove (9) partituras de movimentos que contemplam os princípios básicos que definem a presença física do ator conforme os autores já citados. A próxima etapa da pesquisa consistirá na verificação da eficácia do sistema de treinamento através de uma criação artística e da transmissão deste para um grupo de alunos selecionados.(PIBIC-CNPq/UFRGS-PROPESQ/UFRGS).

The artificial increase of the physical capability of horses using drugs is well known in racing and other equine sports. Both illicit and therapeutic substances are regarded as prohibited substances in competition in most countries. Some countries make distinctions for a few, specific drugs which are, however, allowed for use in other countries. The primary objective in the case of doping control is the detection of any trace of drug exposure, either parent drug or any of its metabolites, using the most powerful analytical methods which are generally based on chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. Of major concern in horseracing is the absence of a single organization regulating the anti‐doping framework; instead of this, individual racing authorities provide rules and regulations often resulting in variations in the applied doping control programmes of different countries. The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature (approximately from 2012 to mid‐2016) to hig...

The aim of this paper is to study folk games which were organized by the Greek at cultural events in Thrace taking as its source the literature that has been published on the topic and fieldwork materials. Research has revealed that Thracians celebrated almost every festival and celebration with wrestling matches or a horse racing event. These spontaneous athletic games were connected with religion while these were often performed at religious festivals. The winners were mostly awarded lambs and goats, which were the offerings of believers to the church or offerings of shepherds for having had a good year and for their flocks. At special weddings, the Greek also organized horse races and wrestling matches.

RESUMO Ao longo da Intendência de Antonio Lemos (1897-1911), período de apogeu da economia gomífera e consolidação do regime republicano, determinados usos de animais em Belém foram proibidos por meio do Código de Polícia Municipal. O presente artigo investiga por que o poder público queria disciplinar os condutores de veículos da capital paraense no uso de animais de tração e permitia os maus-tratos de touros nas touradas. Para tanto, eu investiguei fontes como os Códigos de Posturas , Relatórios do Intendente , jornais e literatura. Analisei esta documentação utilizando o conceito de civilização.

Currently, no standardised screening tools nor established interventions are available to address the characteristics of back pain (BP) specifically in horse riders. Therefore, the aim of this case-control study is to explore sport-specific and functional characteristics of BP in horse riders. 16 professional and 16 amateur riders (25±7 years) participated in two questionnaires (a sport-specific questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire) and were examined via the physical functional movement screening (FMS) and Luomajoki’s motor control (MC) screening. The lifetime prevalence of BP was as high as 81%, and spinal discomfort in horse riders was mainly located in the lumbar spine. Professional riders revealed significantly higher prevalence of BP in the last month before assessment (P=0.014) than amateur riders. Compared to horse riders using dressage or multiple saddle types, show jumping riders (n=10) who only use jumping saddles (P=0.027) also revealed higher BP ...

Many researchers who work on individuals’ participation to sports as spectators have dealt with factors which affect participation to sports as four main perspectives such as attraction of competition, economic factors, socio-demographic factors and spectators’ choices. Target population of the study is dealers and Internet cafés which accommodate wagers İDDAA in Turkey. Sample of the study is consisted of 146 dealers of İDDAA and Internet cafés managers from Elazığ, Ankara, Malatya, Diyarbakır, Sivas, Kahramanmaraş, Gaziantep, Antalya, Kayseri and Giresun provinces. As a result, it is stated that “Children play betting games even with their pocket money.” item is at medium level “Medium” with (X=3,09) degree, “This game will soon be the most played one.” item is at top level “Most” with (X=3,69) degree, “Letting people earn money easily makes an important role to become widespread on betting game.” item is top level “Most” with (X=4.12) degree and “Playing İDDAA needs accumulation ...

The essay explains the rise of horse racing in England around 1700 with reference to the Financial Revolution in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. This period saw a considerable increase in the money supply, without any improved consumption opportunities being opened up to contemporaries. Therefore, the available money was spent on speculative purposes, including option trading in the City of London and horse betting-two commercial activities that were very similar in practice. The essay reconstructs the reciprocal impulses that the two activities gave each other, and analyzes some problematic side effects.

The essay explains the rise of horse racing in England around 1700 with reference to the Financial Revolution in the wake of the Glorious Revolution. This period saw a considerable increase in the money supply, without any improved consumption opportunities being opened up to contemporaries. Therefore, the available money was spent on speculative purposes, including option trading in the City of London and horse betting-two commercial activities that were very similar in practice. The essay reconstructs the reciprocal impulses that the two activities gave each other, and analyzes some problematic side effects.

The beginning of Covid 19 and the establishment of restrictions to curb the development of the pandemic on the territory of Latvia have led to the changing of the lives of the youth, including their physical exercise and study habits and practices. This article investigates the role of physical activities training for young males and females and their choice of teaching platforms by different genders. The study methodology encompasses critical examination of previous research conducted on Generation Z, gender differences and the significance of physical exercise and sports in for the youth combined with statistical evaluation and assessment of primary survey data. Compare with previous articles this article is constituted by its identification of the way in which gender differences influenced changes in physical activity and in which attitudes towards healthy lifestyles and physical activity changed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of the study observed substanti...