History of Communication

En ce milieu du XIXe siècle, franchir l’Océan atlantique pour relier Europe et espace caribéen ne constitue plus, depuis bien longtemps, un exploit. C’est ensuite que les choses se corsent et l’on s’aperçoit vite, pour certaines destinations, que les « derniers » kilomètres sont beaucoup plus compliqués à gérer que les 6.000 premiers...

El documento "El Modelo Revolucionario a través de los Siglos" analiza la evolución del concepto de revolución desde el siglo XIX hasta el siglo XXI, trazando su trayectoria a través de tres ciclos principales: el liberal, el totalitario y el asimétrico.
El siglo XIX se caracterizó por las revoluciones liberales y nacionalistas, impulsadas por los principios de la Ilustración, como la libertad, la igualdad y la soberanía popular. La burguesía fue el motor de estos movimientos, buscando establecer gobiernos constitucionales, limitar el poder monárquico y garantizar derechos individuales. Las oleadas revolucionarias de 1820, 1830 y 1848 demostraron que estas ideas habían echado raíces de forma irreversible. Sin embargo, la revolución de 1848, conocida como la Primavera de los Pueblos, marcó un punto de inflexión. La burguesía, temerosa de las demandas sociales del emergente proletariado, se volvió más conservadora y comenzó a pactar con las élites tradicionales. Esto llevó a un cambio de paradigma, donde la consolidación del Estado-nación, a través de la acción militar y diplomática (como en las unificaciones de Italia y Alemania), reemplazó la movilización popular. La brutal represión de la Comuna de París en 1871 evidenció que el Estado liberal no toleraría levantamientos que cuestionaran el orden social burgués.
El siglo XX inauguró un nuevo ciclo revolucionario con el estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial. A diferencia de las revoluciones decimonónicas, que buscaban ampliar el liberalismo, las del siglo XX aspiraban a un cambio total y, en muchos casos, desembocaron en regímenes dictatoriales y totalitarios. Emergieron dos modelos antagónicos pero estructuralmente similares: el bolchevismo y el fascismo. El bolchevismo se basaba en la idea de que una élite de vanguardia podía tomar el poder y reorganizar toda la sociedad. El fascismo, por su parte, buscaba crear un nuevo orden social a través del nacionalismo extremo, la movilización de masas y la negación de la democracia liberal. A este ciclo se sumaron las revoluciones anticoloniales, que desmantelaron los imperios europeos, y las revoluciones anticomunistas de finales de siglo, que marcaron el fin del ciclo iniciado en 1917. El documento destaca que, a pesar de la violencia y la radicalidad de las revoluciones del siglo XX, estas terminaron expandiendo globalmente muchos de los principios liberales que las revoluciones del siglo XIX habían esbozado.
Finalmente, el análisis se centra en el siglo XXI, donde la revolución ha perdido su estatus como horizonte político central. Los movimientos de protesta contemporáneos, como las Primaveras Árabes, son horizontales y descentralizados, a menudo organizados a través de redes sociales. Aunque pueden desestabilizar regímenes, carecen de la capacidad para consolidar un nuevo orden político. En paralelo, la lógica revolucionaria ha sido adoptada por actores reaccionarios, como el yihadismo radical. Este tipo de movimiento utiliza la violencia asimétrica, no para tomar un Estado, sino para desestabilizar el orden mundial. El documento concluye que la idea revolucionaria no ha desaparecido, sino que se ha metamorfoseado en dos polos opuestos: las protestas pacíficas y fragmentadas, y las revoluciones reaccionarias y violentas. La historia demuestra que los ciclos revolucionarios se transforman, y el desafío actual es encontrar nuevas formas de canalizar el deseo de cambio sin repetir los fracasos totalitarios del pasado.

The twentieth-century German critic Walter Benjamin, who studied the Baroque temperament in depth, provides us with his famous figure ofthefldneur, the stroller who wanders about, along unending and intersecting city roads and arcades. In this wandering habit, the flaneur embodies the essential Baroque principle of roaming without a specific destination in mind, without a definitive point of entry or exit in his physically executed arabesque. Well befor~ Benjamin's time, Giovan Francesco Buonamico bad betrayed the same Baroque tendency in both his writings and his extensive European travels, executing the art of wandering as an end in itself. That is, he personifies the well-known saying that the journey matters more than the destination. The same preference for a winding movement rather than a linear progression towards a clear end is evident in Buonamico's works. His memoirs, for instance, easily digress from historical nruTative, to some collected fable, then to a descriptive or reflective paragraph on the behaviour of a townsfolk, then on to the etymology of some curious term dug up from the local heritage, or a speculative passage on tl1e town's economic and industrial prospects. He is thus a man of his time in both his authorial and his travelling roles. No less is iliis evident in his single poem in 161

2021-ben Giulia Rossetto a Sínai félszigeten található Szent Katalin-kolostor egyik kódexének lapjain előzőleg letörölt, palimpszeszt szövegeket fedezett fel. E kódex két fóliójának mindkét oldalán és két töredékén egy kb. 89 sorból álló görög hexameteres költemény olvasható, amely Dionysos gyermekkorából mutat be eddig ismeretlen vagy más változatban ismert epizódokat. A hexameteres szöveg tartalmát tekintve több átfedést is mutat a császárkorra datált Orphikus Himnuszok gyűjteményével, valamint a korban valószínűleg közkézen forgó, többnyire újplatonikus idézetek alapján ismert Orphikus Rhapsódiákkal. A jelen közlésben először olvasható magyar fordításban az újonnan felfedezett szöveg, a bevezető pedig feltérképezi a költemény lehetséges irodalmi kontextusát, tárgyalja a szöveghagyományt és műfajt érintő kérdéseket, illetve a kapcsolódó értelmezési problémákat.

In 2021, Giulia Rossetto discovered previously erased palimpsest texts on the pages of a codex held at the Monastery of Saint Catherine on the Sinai Peninsula. Among them is a Greek hexameter poem of approximately 89 lines, legible on both sides of two folios and two fragments. The text narrates episodes from the childhood of Dionysus—some previously unknown, others attested in variant forms. The poem shares several thematic and conceptual features with the late antique Orphic Hymns as well as with the collection of the Orphic Rhapsodies, mainly known through Neoplatonic quotations. A Hungarian translation of the newly recovered text is provided here for the first time. The accompanying introduction outlines the poem’s possible literary context, addresses questions concerning its textual tradition and genre, and considers interpretive challenges related to the reconstruction and reading of this unique palimpsest material.

In this paper, I draw upon recent commentary on Kierkegaard's existential religious philosophy in order to clarify some key aspects of the idea of authenticity. Interpretations of Kierkegaard's work in this area highlight the importance of truth considered subjectively rather than objectively, while emphasising the critical role of faith in understanding the truth for an individual subject. However, there remains some dispute about the importance of the objective referent in subjective truth claims and affirmations of faith. Considering how objective uncertainty forms an integral part of faith for Kierkegaard, I argue against the importance of an objective referent for subjective truth, as relations of faith hold despite-and indeed, partly because of-their underlying objective uncertainty. The objective truth of one's subjective truth claims is, in other words, not a necessary criterion for truth as subjectivity for Kierkegaard. From this, I draw a connection to the centrality of genuine doubt in the pragmatist philosophy of Charles Peirce, in order to construct and defend a model of authenticity that emphasises a receptiveness to genuine doubt at its core.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Lapidariska smädeskrifter om Karl XII:s död elena dahlberg * * * V erser över döda i form av litterära inskriptioner tillhörde de vanligaste formerna av tillfälleslitteratur under den tidigmoderna epoken. 1 Precis som det antika epitafiet hade det tidigmoderna epitafiet en rad sociokulturella och sociopolitiska funktioner. 2 Denna litterära form var ett sätt att uppmärksamma den bortgångnes liv och gärningar, att redogöra för hans/ hennes position inom sitt samhälle och att uppmärksamma dennes/ dennas eventuella insatser i det. Tidigmoderna litteraturteoretiker anpassade genrens form och innehåll till sin samtids behov och tillhandahöll tydliga rekommendationer för hur man skulle författa den perfekta inskriptionen. I sina manualer underströk de den litterära inskriptionens politiska funktion och förklarade att även nidskrifter inbegreps bland sådana texter. Humanistför fattare anammade teoretikernas råd när de skulle producera både traditionella epitafier som hyllade den döde och mer kontroversiella skrifter som var smädande. Det här bidraget kommer att analysera en samling av just smädande inskriptioner om Karl XII:s död och de motskrifter som denna samling framkallade. Dessa skrifter kommer att jämföras med ett samtida epitafium av den konventionella typen. Analysen ska kretsa kring inskriptionernas politiska bruk och deras förankring i den samtida teorin. V b för att fira karl xii:s död reste danskarna ett monument i form av en obelisk med inskriptioner på danska och latin.

This paper reports on the work of cataloguing, digitizing and Internet broadcasting, which the research group on "Historia del periodismo en Andalucía" has developed during the last decade in Sevilla. We have registered in situ more than 1.200 news pamphlets, from whom we have digitized more than 60%. 1 Este trabajo se inscribe en el proyecto de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico cofinanciado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER): “Biblioteca Digital Siglo de Oro III” (BIDISO), código FFI2009-08113 (subprograma FILO). 1. Relaciones de sucesos: el primer periodismo de la Historia Las Relaciones de sucesos representan el primer periodismo de la Historia, ese periodismo, anterior al nacimiento de la prensa periódica e industrial, que columpió sus intereses entre las noticias serias –la alta política, la guerra, las ceremonias cortesanas y religiosas– y las populares, esos casos espantosos tratados en muchas o...

 Este trabajo se inserta dentro del Grup d'estudi de les institucions i de les cultures polítiques (segles XVI-XXI) (2021 SGR 00924) y del grupo de investigación La paz de Viena (1725): cambio en las alianzas internacionales, fin de la guerra civil en España (PID2022-139592NB-100), ambos dirigidos por el profesor Joaquim Albareda.

Volem aprofitar l'oportunitat que ens ofereix la jornada divulgativa organitzada pel Centre d'Estudis del Bages, l'Arxiu Comarcal i l'Associació Catalana de Documentació Històrica Patrimonial i Familiar per a donar a conèixer la tasca endegada entre els anys 1998 i 1999 a l'arxiu familiar i patrimonial de la farmàcia i casa Sala del Mercat, a la vila de Cardona, arran la commemoració dels dos cents cinquanta anys d'existència, celebrada l'any 2001.

The early modern period is usually considered to be the period of the information and communication revolution. The rapidly changing situation stimulated the development of communication networks. Technological development prompted the emergence of new tools for the dissemination of information. Correspondence, however, continued to maintain its prominent position in the process of information exchange. The value of messages depended on their quantity, speed, accuracy, and credibility. The correspondence of the nobility represents a valuable source for research not only into historical events but also for the history of communication and the dissemination of news. The paper focuses on the character of epistolary communication and the mechanism of news dissemination by analysing the correspondence of the noblewoman Judith Balassa (c. 1630 – c. 1685), widow of Stephen I. Koháry (1616 – 1664). Being well informed was also important for the wives of the nobility, who were responsible for the administration of the manors in their husbands' absence and also had to ensure the safety of the inhabitants. As a widow, Judith Balassa looked after the family estates in the Hont region. This required her to be sufficiently informed about the current situation, mainly because of the proximity of the border region. The available sources range from the 1650s to the 1680s. Focusing on Judith Balassa's epistolary network, I evaluate the volume and geographical scope of her letters. I also focus on the speed and manner of spreading of messages, and, where possible, evaluate their credibility.

In this paper we apply Anscombe's account of human linguistic practices and of intentional action in a novel way-to the acts, by members of the Ngāi Tahu tribe in colonial-era Aotearoa New Zealand, of writing Letters to the Editor of local and regional newspapers. We identify the salient contexts of those acts and then draw on Anscombe's work to identify intentional and moral actions that otherwise risk going unnoticed. Our analysis exemplifies Anscombe's and Wittgenstein's view that we can read off intentional action from behaviour in context and also yields a rich historical and conceptual account of the letter-writers. We argue that this approach has theoretical advantages for Indigenous and Postcolonial Studies.

This course serves as an introductory survey of the major political, economic, social, and cultural developments in world civilizations from approximately 1500 C.E. to the present day. Among the themes to be explored are developments in economics, politics, culture, science, technology, war, philosophy, and the arts. Each student should emerge with not only a knowledge of these subjects, but an awareness of various interpretation of them as well. Modern societies increasingly understand that the problems they face—the environment and development, health and disease, conflict and insecurity, poverty and abundance—are urgent and global. The sometimes-competing goals of freedom, democracy, equity, justice, and peace play out across multiple and complex cultures. This course introduces students to the breadth of these problems and goals and seeks to show how both are often rooted in the recent human past. Since the United States and the other countries of the modern world have evolved out of that past, this course not only examines how that past has shaped the present but can provide a roadmap for navigating humanity's future.

Edited by Simona Casonato; contributors in alphabetical order: Gabriele Balbi, Sarah Chard-Cooper, Anna Guagnini, Claudio Giorgione, Giovanni Paoloni, Giovanni Pietrangeli, Laura Ronzon, Roberta Spada. Editorial coordinator: Ida Morisetti.

On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Guglielmo Marconi’s birth, the Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci reflects on the historical artefacts and documents collected in Marconi’s name. How did this cultural heritage reach us and what does it tell us today about the history of media technology? Marconi was a key figure in the foundation of the Museum, and his Company used the public display of artefacts as a modern communication tool. In this volume, the heritage of the ‘Marconi relics’ preserved by the Museum becomes the starting point for raising new research questions on Marconi’s protagonism not only in the industrial field, but also in the cultural field. Scholars from different disciplines – history of science, media studies, STS, history of industry, art history, museology – turn their gaze to selected elements of the collections to offer alternative perspectives on the canonical celebration of Marconi’s biography. The trajectories traced by these stories allow us to explore the cultural context that accompanied the global affirmation of wireless and mobile communication, enriching the ritual narrative around Marconi’s name with new actors and lesser-known details.

Communication training at tertiary level in Malaysia began in 1971 when the Universiti Sains Malaysia introduced its communication program. The communication courses, which include journalism, broadcasting, advertising and public relations, are part of a broader humanities studies. In .«*?1983, the communication program was elevated to the Centre of Communication Studies.

What Czech and Polish Historians Can Say to Each Other: Reflections on Historical Relations and Interconnectedness

This essay explores promising and potentially innovative themes in Czech and Polish historiography, focusing on their mutual entanglement and broader transregional dynamics. It emphasizes key aspects such as entangled histories, thematic asymmetries and their underlying causes, and processes of transfer and reception.

Building upon earlier reflections and informed by current trends in historiography, related disciplines, and broader societal developments, the text outlines several open-ended and perspectivally promising areas for future Czech-Polish historical research. By "perspectivally promising," the essay refers to thematic fields where the convergence of Czech and Polish historical perspectives—whether methodological or thematic—can yield not only novel insights but also new forms of understanding, interpretation, and conceptualization of historical phenomena. These insights are relevant not only for Czech and Polish history individually or jointly, but also within a regional, European, or transregional context.

This includes both so-called "first-degree" history (traditional political, social, or economic history) and "second-degree" history (histoire au second degré), which pertains more to the realms of historical culture, memory, and the politics of history. The essay underlines the pressing need to transcend the still predominant paradigm of a bilateral, nation-centered historiography, advocating instead for a more integrative, multi-perspective approach.

Dilin kökenleri ve yayılımı üzerine yapılan çeşitli akademik çalışmalar, tarihi süreçte farklı medeniyetlerin ya ortak ya da kendilerine özgü dil sistemlerini kullanarak kültürel ve iletişimsel yapılarını şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Dillerin yayılımı, gelişimi ve günümüze ulaşması dilbilimsel, antropolojik ve arkeolojik çalışmaların ortak kesişim noktasıdır. Bu ortak kesişim noktasını benimseyen akademik çalışmalar; yalnızca dilin yapısına odaklanmaz, aynı zamanda tarihsel süreçte bir dilin kültürünü, kimliğini ve düşünce sistemini de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızın asıl amacı, geçmiş uygarlıklara ait bazı arkeolojik eserler üzerinde dilbilimsel ve tarihsel analizler yaparak geçmişten günümüze dillerin geçirdiği evrimleri, kültürel etkileşimleri ve anlamsal boyutları ifade etmek ve çokdilli dil öğretimine etkisini incelemektir. Bu çerçevede arkeolojik bağlamda paleografik, epigrafik ve filolojik verilerin incelenmesi önemli bir husustur. Bulgular incelendiğinde, tarih boyunca birçok medeniyetin kendilerine has bir dil kullanmasının yanı sıra, tüm dünyada ortak dil (Lingua Franca) kullanma sistemini benimsedikleri ve bu ortak dilin tarih boyunca sürekli değişimler geçirerek şekillendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, tarihsel süreçte etimolojik verilerin ve dil değişimlerinin incelenmesinin dil öğrenme sürecinde tarihsel bakışı ve eleştirel becerileri geliştirdiği düşünülmektedir. Gelecek dönemki çalışmalarda; disiplinler arası entegrasyon çerçevesinde dillerin ve seviyelerin tarihsel süreçte incelenmesinin hem arkeoloji hem de dil öğretimi sürecinde önemli veriler sunacağı öngörülmektedir.

Este artigo aborda e propõe a discussão, a partir de uma perspectiva comunicacional, das relações estratégicas e práticas entre a pesquisa e a metapesquisa da comunicação na América Latina. Para tanto, ressalta-se a importância da história como fator complementar essencial à estatística, bem como algumas reflexões controversas sobre postulados que parecem indispensáveis para retomar o debate na comunidade acadêmica e perante os órgãos responsáveis pela avaliação e orientação da ciência.

Anna Sibylla of Cieszyn (1573–1624). Unmarried Piast princess in the environment
of Central European aristocracy
The article traces the life story of the princess Anna Sibylla, daughter of Wenceslaus III Adam (1524–1579) and his second wife, Sidonia Catharina (1548/1549–1594), who was born in the chambers of the Cieszyn castle on 19 June 1573. On the basis of surviving documentary sources, mainly from the German state archives and other memory institutions, her life is described in the broader context of the time and environment, with an emphasis on the relations of the Piast family of Cieszyn with the related aristocratic families of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. Between 1573 and 1586, Princess Anna Sibylla grew up in the environment of the princely court at the castle in Cieszyn. After her mother remarried to the Hungarian magnate Imre Forgách of Gýmes on 17 February 1586, she moved to the castle in Trenčín with her older sister Sidonia Maria (1572–1587) and her younger brother Adam Wenceslaus (1574–1617). Here she stayed in her mother’s suite (ger. Frauenzimmer), which was run by a hofmister and included three noble girls, several pageboys, a baker, a brewer and a court preacher who knew German. Accompanied by her mother and stepfather, she was handed over for further education at the end of 1589 to Duchess Sophie of Brandenburg (1568–1622), wife of the Elector Christian I of Saxony. The environment in which she grew up and which shaped her world of values, as well as the behaviour patterns of the noble ladies, were then transferred to the court from which she came.
After returning from Dresden in the summer of 1591, Prince Sigismund Báthory of Transylvania began to apply for her hand. Because of his intention to win Báthory to his side in the fight against the Ottoman Empire, Emperor Rudolf II Habsburgs did not agree to the marriage. He thus fatally interfered with the future life of Princess Anna Sibylla, who continued to live with her mother. In 1594, she and Imre Forgách moved to Gýmes Castle for several months, where Sidonia Catharina died on 10 September 1594. From then on, Anna Sibylla lived in her brother Adam Wenceslaus castle in Cieszyn, where she had her own small courtyard. The princess had a hard time with her spinsterhood, but her brother was not willing to offer a high enough dowry to attract potential suitors. Anna Sibylla died at the castle in Cieszyn sometime in the autumn of 1624, the exact date is unknown.
The life story of this princess has shown us that the penultimate generation of the Piast family of Cieszyn had close ties to the imperial princes, especially thanks to her mother Sidonia Catharina, and was able to make good use of her contacts. The princes were thus not only tied to their principality, which was wedged in the south-eastern corner of Silesia between three historical countries (Moravia, Lesser Poland and Hungary), but also interacted with the Central European aristocracy of the time and had the opportunity to get to know their lands, residences, courts and, last but not least, the cultural and social climate of the late Renaissance.
This article includes an editorial appendix, which includes ten letters sent and received to Princess Anna Sibylla from 1595–1602. The correspondence is deposited in the Hanover branch of the Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv, Abteilung Hannover. The letters concern in particular a dispute over the estate of Duchess Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (1543–1586), wife of Duke Wolfgang of Brunswick-Grubenhagen and aunt of Princess Anna Sibylla of Teschen. Her legal claim was based on the provisions of Dorothy’s marriage contract. Anna Sibylla unsuccessfully demanded the release of her aunt’s wedding outfit, which had been stored in the castle in Herzberg (today Herzberg am Harz in Lower Saxony).

Schools and education in the southernmost Silesian town. Jablunkov teachers, their backgrounds and pupils from the earliest written records to 1919
The chapter presents the development of education in Jablunkov from the mid-1670s to 1919 on the basis of preserved and available sources. The existence of the school is documented only in 1576, when it was under the administration and supervision of an Evangelical parish priest. The conversion of Prince Adam Wenceslas of Těšín in 1609 and the subsequent re-Catholicization of the parishes, which were in the direct possession of the ruling Piast family, meant that a Catholic priest was appointed to the post of rector, and the same faith had to be practised by the school administration. The parish school, which in the 17th century covered 15 localities, had a very low attendance, according to church visitations, with only 30–60 boys attending during the winter months. In the early modern period, the teachers were mainly local, with four successive generations of the Brezani family. The subsequent development, based on the legal changes in the education system of the Habsburg Monarchy, was initially marked by capacity problems in the classroom due to a rapid increase in the number of children attending the school building opposite the parish church of Corpus Christi, and, from the 1870s onwards, by growing national antagonism due to the overuse of German in teaching to the detriment of the necessary Polish, despite the fact that the municipal school was established as an Utraquist school. Gradually it grew from one small classroom to a municipal school with six classrooms and about ten teachers by the end of the period. The town also had a trade school from 1898, a private Jewish religious school in the 1870s and 1880s, and a private German kindergarten for pre-school children from 1908. The existence of all these educational institutions ceased or was transformed as a result of political developments and the new state structure in the Těšín region in 1918–1920, with the final incorporation of Jablunkov and its surroundings into the newly formed Czechoslovakia.

Projekt współfinansowany ze rodków Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu INTERREG III A Czechy -Polska Sponsorzy Gefördert aus Mitteln der Stiftung Haus Oberschlesien Projekt wspierany przez Fundację Współpracy Polsko-Niemieckiej Gefördert aus Mitteln der Stiftung für Deutsch-Polnische Zusammenarbeit Kronikarz a historyk Atuty i słaboci regionalnej historiografii Wstęp (Janusz Spyra) Rafał Stobiecki: Historiografia regionalna. Nowa wizja dziejów czy nowa metoda? Andrzej Stępnik: Główne kierunki w historiografii regionalnej i lokalnej

Mniszek, Who Was not Mnich - on What Was, Could Be or Did not Exist at All

Lost territorial names of the former Duchy of Cieszyn are not a fully exhausted research sub-ject. Many of the land and water territory names remain unidentified, and yet it is still possible to locate them as in the case of Mniszek near Skoczów. Preserved sources do not resolve the dispute whether Mniszek should be classified as a forgotten territory name or perhaps a lost settlement. An advocate of the former view was Idzi Panic, while the latter idea was closer to Vincenc Prasec. In this article, I provide arguments that Mniszek was located in Skoczów state, not in Strumień to which Mnich belonged. Both names were used by some researchers interchangeably, which led to general confusion. For this reason, the story of Mniszek must be separated from the one of Mnich. The village of Mniszek, revealed in sources from the sec-ond half of 16th century, was located on the right bank of the Vistula, between Pogórze and Kowale. It was initially mentioned as the name referring to the region where new ponds were created, inhabitants settled, roads were built on which tolls were collected. Over time, how-ever, the name Mniszek was merely associated with a few ponds, only to eventually disappear in the 18th century. As I have cautiously pointed out so far, Mnich was not mentioned in 1559 for the first time, but it does not mean that 1621 (date of establishment of Skoczów-Strumień state urbarium) is the year of the oldest mention of that place. It is very likely, as indicated by Matthias Kasperlik's notes, that the place was revealed soon after the sale of Skoczów-Strumień state by Prince Wenceslaus III Adam, i.e. before 1577.

This article proposes to compare the Indian and Chinese indentured labour systems introduced into colonial South Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Between 1860 and 1911 the Colony of Natal imported 152 184 Indians to work primarily on the sugar plantations, and between 1904 and 1910 the Transvaal Colony reverted to the importation of 63 695 Chinese to work exclusively on the gold mines. While both the Indian and Chinese labour schemes have received considerable academic attention in their own right, relatively little work has been done in terms of a comparative dimension. This may partly be ascribed to the inherent differences between the two schemes, despite the fact that the British authorities orchestrated both. It will be shown that to a large extent the experiences of the Indian labour system informed and determined the nature of the Chinese scheme. It will however be argued that the impact of the one upon the other went far beyond the legal parameters of the indenture contracts and regulations, having ramifications which swept across the broader societal domain and which impacted on the very different place and perception of these two minorities in subsequent South African history.

Este artigo dedica-se a apresentar as etapas de um trabalho cartográfico realizado em uma pesquisa de história. A formação da rede postal no Brasil no início do século XIX foi capaz de acelerar as comunicações epistolares, modificando a experiência social do tempo e do espaço. Transformações cartográficas unipolares de distâncias e regressões bidimensionais permitiram construir uma representação cartográfica do fenômeno auxiliando na compreensão de uma dimensão geográfica da moderna experiência de aceleração do tempo.

The world's first commercial facsimile service began between Paris and Lyon in 1865, reflecting a conjunction of good design, superb craftsmanship, need for a faster alternative to Morse telegraphy, and imperial patronage. Although technological and economic shortcomings stopped Abbe Caselli's pantelegraphs in 1867, the French telegraph administration tested other fax systems to increase the speed and accuracy of telegram service. Facsimile machines proved faster than conventional Morse machines, but the automatic printing telegraph was even faster and less expensive. Other countries faced similar challenges with telegraphy, but patronage and craftsmanship distinguished facsimile in France.

The chapters cover relevant research topics, structured into four sections: "Journalism", "Representations and Everyday Life", "Pub-lic Sphere, Space and Politics", "Rethinking Media Studies" and "Academic Practice". The European Media and Communication Doctoral Summer School brings together a group of highly qualifi ed doctoral students as well as senior researchers and professors from a diversity of European countries. The main objective of the fourteen-day summer school is to organize an innovative learning process at doctoral level, focusing primarily on enhancing the quality of individual dissertation projects through an intercultural and interdisciplinary exchange and networking programme. This said, the summer school is not merely based on traditional postgraduate teaching approaches like lectures and workshops. The summer school also integrates many group-centred and individual approaches , especially an individualized discus...

Abstract of Paper presented at the I Hawaiʻi International Conference on Film, Literature & Culture, hosted by the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and held April 15-17, 2025. The Hawaiʻi International Conference on Film, Literature & Culture is a collaborative effort between the Department of Languages and Literatures of Europe and the Americas (LLEA) and the School of Cinematic Arts (SCA) to foster dialogue between the disciplines of Film Studies, Literary Studies, and Cultural Studies. This presentation was part of the in-person session on Tuesday, April 15, 2025, in a panel titled Portraits of History: Myth & Archetype in Theater, Film & the Press.

This essay examines the peculiar role of King Frederick I of Denmark in the Flensburg Disputation of April 8, 1529, a key event in the Reformation of Schleswig-Holstein. The disputation aimed to exclude spiritualist tendencies from the northern church’s formation, steering the duchies towards Lutheran orthodoxy. Considering its importance, Frederick I’s absence raises questions. While he officially convened the disputation, he delegated its oversight to Crown Prince Christian, remaining nearby on the Duburg and informing himself about the proceedings through notaries’ records. This behavior is often overlooked by historians, yet it may hold deeper significance. The essay argues that Frederick’s actions represent performative behaviour, where absence communicated strategic intent. Frederick’s seeming passivity was deliberate, influenced by his complex relationship with the Reformation and figures like lay preacher Melchior Hoffman. By exploring Frederick’s nuanced position and his use of indirect presence, the essay reinterprets his role as a calculated political manoeuvre. The analysis also places Frederick’s actions within the broader religious and political context of the period, showing how rulers navigated the volatile landscape of early Reformation Europe. Frederick’s strategy reflects a broader pattern of balancing support for reformist ideas while maintaining traditional power structures, a delicate act of political survival and influence during significant religious upheaval.

Inventing Meritocratic Display: Media and Power in the Paris Salon du Louvre

Abstract

This book is about the invention a new form of art exhibition as competitive, meritocratic display in the exhibitions of the French Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture as they emerged in the seventeenth century and became the Salon du Louvre in the eighteenth century. Covering the period from the founding of the Académie in 1648 to the end of the Old Regime in 1789, this book uncovers how the Directeurs des Bâtiments du roi, ministers of the Bourbon king charged with designing the exhibitions of the Académie, adapted existing forms of absolutist spectacle and aligned them with the absolutist ideology of virtuous competition and militaristic glory. It posits this invention as a consequence of the passage of European art from a world governed by oral communication to one governed by printed matter in the print revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. For, the Bourbon practice of meritocratic display derived its practices and structures from the forms and affordances of printed matter.

This book unpacks the intimate and mutual relationship between practices of display and practices of documentation, and their consequences for the way that period spectators, artists, and representatives of the state perceived and communicated about art. To understand the relationship between display and communication, perception and expression, this book synthesizes art history and media theory. By linking the analysis of hundreds of works of art exhibited in the Salons, their interrelations within the exhibitions, and the interrelations between the art critical and documentary texts and reproductive images treating them, this book weaves together the visual and discursive structures that shaped the reception of art, to offer a holistic analysis of the dynamic interplay between display and the patterns of thought and discursive practices it generated. Ultimately, it suggests that the historical consequences of the invention of meritocratic display, and its mediation by print, continued to shape exhibition practice and reception through the nineteenth century.

This book follows a non-chronological structure in which each chapter tells the story of the exhibitions of the Académie from a different perspective, namely: (1) institutional history; (2) space; (3) time; (4) medium. Chapter One recovers the history of the conception and form of the exhibitions of the Académie from their departure from the Italian models to their move to the Louvre. Chapter Two shows how the Directeurs des Bâtiments invented a meritocratic practice of display in the Salon Carré. Chapter Three examines how the periodicity of the Salon and of printed matter intersected to regulate art production, display, and reception. Chapter Four explores the relationships between artistic media in the Salon as a means of shedding light on the meritocratic practice of display as a system of aesthetics.

El artículo analiza el proceso de establecimiento e imposición del catastro de Cataluña, tras la victoria borbónica en la guerra de Sucesión (1702-1715), y su evolución hasta 1845. El nuevo impuesto se formuló sobre unas bases teóricas precisas: la soberanía absoluta del monarca, también en el ámbito fiscal, y la consideración de Cataluña como territorio vencido. Paradójicamente, una de sus