History Of Archaeology (History)

Central to this presentation is the origins of the medieval village as seen through the excavation of Furnells manor, Raunds, with its pre-Conquest church and cemetery and the development of the associated residences, from the Anglo-Scandinavian Farm, the late Saxon thegns residence and the post-Conquest manor houses; and the parallel development at West Cotton, Raunds of a thegns hall and watermill, post-Conquest manor, and medieval hamlet. The Neolithic monuments and Bronze Age round barrow at West Cotton are also described.

Remnant field systems and enclosures are key indicators of social change during the 2nd millenniumbc– their study has considerable significance in terms of interpreting the Bronze Age in the eastern region. Despite widespread current interest in the topic, little if any evidence for Middle Bronze Age settlement and land division had been found in Norfolk prior to the investigations at Ormesby St Michael which form the focus of this paper. Here, archaeological excavations uncovered evidence for strip field systems, succeeded by a large and well dated enclosure containing at least two structures. These results are supplemented by cropmark evidence for other elements of the enclosure produced by the National Mapping Programme. When combined, the findings are of great significance since they indicate a Middle Bronze Age date for numerous comparable cropmarks recorded across the region as part of the National Mapping Programme, emphasising the crucial value of such work. It can now be su...

The Lynch Farm site was excavated by G.B. Dannell and J.P. Wild and I am grateful to them both for making the site archive available and for answering innumerable questions regarding the site. It is sad to record that Rolond Sauvaget, who worked on the site and was responsible for a considerable amount of excavation in Area A, died in 2001 -he added much to our understanding of the site and it was unfortunate that we were not able to call upon his extensive knowledge during the writing of this report. I would like to extent my thanks to Adrian Challands for his help in dealing with the question of early military burials found near to the main Lynch Farm 2 (LF2) excavation site; moreover, it was due to his prompt action after the site was first spotted that excavations were initiated. The gravel contractors ARC were most generous in permitting access to the site and in changing their working pattern to allow for excavations to take place, while the Peterborough Development Corporation and Peterborough City Council showed considerable understanding and forethought in both urging excavation to take place and changing the overall plans for the proposed country park to incorporate a preserved part of the site for long-term public display. The officers and members of the Nene Valley Archaeological Research Committee, including the late George Dixon (Treasurer), the late Eric Standen (Secretary) and, more recently, John Hadman (present Secretary) and the late Donald Mackreth (Field Unit Director), all made the process of excavation very smooth. Volunteer workers at the site comprised members of the Peterborough Museum Society and the Middle Nene Archaeological Group, university students and interested people who came to work at the site as part of their holidays -and thanks are due to all. Thanks are also due to Mary Hawkins (now Fenton), Carolyn Dallas, John Manley, John Hadman, Stephen Upex and the late Rolond Sauvaget who all worked as site supervisors. During the preparation of the archive for publication Louisa Gidney of Durham University made many useful comments on the possible 'lucet' (Fig. no. 4 and Pl. 53) and drew my attention to references for similar objects. Dr Nick Garland of University College London was most helpful in discussions regarding the 'status' and potential importance of the site at Lynch Farm in the late Iron Age. Dr Rebecca Casa Hatton, Sarah Botfield and Dr Ben Robinson, formerly of the planning department of Peterborough City Council, were, as always, brilliantly helpful in allowing access to the Historic Environment Record (HER) and for their help with viewing the records of finds from the LF2 area. The specialist contributors within this volume who have either picked up and redrafted their own 'long forgotten' reports on this site or, in the case of the faunal report, edited an archived report that was not their own, are owed particular thanks. P.W. Fifield and Vicky Hughes, who produced the draft reports on the faunal and beetle remains, could not be traced and some editing of their original comments has been undertaken to make their work acceptable for publication, but their original input is duly acknowledged. Glynis Watts, Sarah Wilson, Julia Habershaw and Stuart Orme at Peterborough Museum gave viii both help and ready access to the pottery and other finds from the site which was invaluable. Photographs are by G.B. Dannell, R. Sauvaget and J.P. Wild unless credited otherwise. Figures are drawn by Stephen G. Upex except Figure 65, no. 1, credited to Marion Cox; Figure 67, drawn by M.J. Snelgrove; Figure 78, credited to C. Bates and Figure 79, credited to Felicity Wild. The impetus for this present report has come from the Nene Valley Archeological Trust, who have embarked on a long-term commitment to publishing the backlog of work from their past excavations. All thanks and credit are therefore due to them for pushing this site into print. Generous funding for publication came from the Roman Research Trust, the Earl Fitzwilliam Charitable Foundation, the Robert Kiln Trust, the Marc Fitch Fund and the Nene Valley Archeological Trust. Geoffrey Dannell, John Peter Wild, John Hadman and Sylvia Upex read earlier drafts of the manuscript and made many sensible and grammatical suggestions that have added fluency to the text and improved the whole style of the document -their input has been invaluable. I am grateful also to Martin Millett for making many very useful comments and suggestions on the draft manuscript which have sharpened the view we now have of the site. Jenny Glazebrook and the staff at East Anglian Archaeology have dealt with the main editorial side of this monograph and their help has been brilliant. Any remaining errors are, however, all of my own making. Plate 6 Clearing a section dug by the gravel contractor to recover details of Roman ditches in Area B Plate 55 Pot boilers from various contexts (see IX. Quern stones, hone stones and other stone objects). Stephen G. Upex Plate 56 Three fragments of box tile from contexts B+, B27 and B103 (see X. Clay building materials). Stephen G. Upex

The writer is grateful to all of these members of the team who ensured that the site was successfully completed on schedule, and to Reg Fisher who completed the initial finds processing. Mary Davis, archaeological conservator at the Castle Museum, Norwich, provided a rapid and efficient conservation service, invaluable for the post-excavation programme. Various people have provided assistance and offered advice during work on the finds . Those who should be particularly thanked are David Gurney, Andrew Rogerson, Sue Margeson and Trevor Ash win . We are grateful to Jim Deacon for providing information on the more recent history of the site.

The contribution of the Viscount of São Januário as a collector in the development of a theoretical perspective in the areas of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology, during the last decades of the 19th century in Portugal. Two fundamental components of this collecting stand out, one of an orientalist nature and the other within the Americanist movement of the late 19th century.

This article presents an overview of recent fieldwork by the Institute of Archaeology at St Andrew's Church and the Old Rectory, Norton, Suffolk. The investigations identified the foundations of a previously unrecorded Anglo-Saxon church tower, which probably forms part of a tenth or eleventh-century elite residence associated with Eadgifu the Fair, wife of Harold Godwinsson. Trace evidence relating to a probable Roman villa was also recorded on the site, together with a significant quantity of finds and environmental remains associated with the documented medieval and later church and rectory sites. The excavations have also provided an important venue for undergraduate fieldwork training and public engagement, and will continue into 2025.

In December 2019 Archaeological Solutions (AS) carried out an archaeological excavation of land north of 52 Chapelfield Road, Guyhirn, Cambridgeshire (NGR TF 4005 0419). Prior to excavation, the site was subject to a trial trench evaluation (Browne and Clarke 2019) which recorded several linear features and pits which contained briquetage, the remnants of the clay vessels, tanks, and supports used in saltmaking.

The excavation revealed further linear features as well as pits and numerous postholes which can be rationalised into at least two post-built structures. Further briquetage was recovered in fairly substantial amounts and ash and charcoal rich fills were recorded in several of the features. However, no in situ saltmaking vessels were recorded and no hearths or other features to represent primary evidence of saltmaking were recorded. Environmental analysis was carried out to determine whether or not the ditch features that were present could represent feeder channels for bringing salt-water to the site. No indication of saline conditions was recorded in these samples. The site appears to have been used for the deposition of remains associated with saltmaking but not to have been the location at which this practice took place. It appears likely that the site may have had an ancillary function associated with the saltmaking industry.

The identification of saltmaking debris at this site, alongside the previous identification of a possible saltern site, through fieldwalking and aerial photography, to the north-east, suggests that further evidence of saltmaking must exist in the surrounding area; perhaps further examples of the deposition of saltmaking debris but also the locations at which saltmaking actually took place.

Between the 9th of March and 5th of November 2018, Archaeological Solutions Ltd (AS) conducted an archaeological excavation on land at 26 South End, Bassingbourn-cum-Kneesworth, Cambridgeshire. A preceding evaluation encountered a grid-like arrangement of ditches that was considered to represent part of a field system laid out respecting the slope of the river valley. The excavation identified further evidence of this field/enclosure system and recovered evidence to date it as medieval. The most notable element of the site, however, was the presence of a set of ditches stratigraphically earlier than the medieval ones but containing only very limited dating evidence. These were identified as the same features recorded during a previous excavation at Bassingbourn Village College. It appears that they may represent a large-scale landscape boundary of probably Iron Age to Roman date associated with the Mile Ditches and the limits of the area controlled by the Baldock oppidum. They would also appear to form part of a wider landscape of prehistoric ditches and boundaries present in the eastern Chilterns and along the route of the Icknield Way.

The Cut Off Channel is a remarkable piece of engineering, protecting the Fens in Eastern England from flooding, by capturing excess flow in the waters draining Norfolk, and providing a water-supply reservoir for heavily populated and drier areas further south.  The article focuses particularly on the River Wissey.

For several thousand years, the 75-mile St. Croix River, with its often-exposed granite bedrock, substantial tidal range, vibrant marine resources, and access to the forest, has strongly influenced how people have lived on its banks and navigated its waters. At different times, Native Americans, 17th-century French colonists, and 19th-century North American lumbermen each used the river, its energy, and its resources. The twice-daily cyclical change from high to low water altered conditions on the river rhythmically, and no people have successfully lived or worked there without mastering, or at least understanding, the implications of those changes. To one extent or another, people of the St. Croix River valley adapted to and altered their environment leaving cultural markers on the landscape that can still be seen today.

Un mosaico b.n. della domus dei Coiedii di Suasa (Ancona), risalente ai primi decenni del II sec. d.C., mostra evidenti riprese del tema antico, in scultura, del Satiro ebbro semisdraiato su una roccia. Il lavoro ne ricostruisce la storia iconografica fino dalla tarda età classica e il suo significato all'interno dello spazio domestico dell'élite del piccolo municipio marchigiano.

La fotografía es una de las técnicas que aparece en el siglo XIX, aunque sus antecedentes se remontan a la antigüedad clásica, con el descubrimiento de la cámara oscura y el oscurecimiento de las sales de plata bajo la acción de la luz. El progresivo y rápido desarrollo de esta técnica, desde su nacimiento en 1839, conlleva la entrada al español de una serie de términos que designan nuevos objetos o conceptos. Algunos de ellos, como daguerrotipo, fotografía o heliografía, se crean específicamente para hacer referencia a las nuevas realidades mientras que otros brocha, diafragma o lente, se toman de otras ciencias o técnicas como la pintura, la química o la óptica. Algunos de ellos mantienen su significado, mientras que otros experimentan una ampliación del mismo o se ven sujetos a un cambio sustancial.

tífica e o poder político institucionalizado nos mais diferentes países. Esse interesse tem surgido, sobretudo, no seio da própria comunidade arqueológica, numa ânsia de apreender o significado histórico inerente à sua própria disciplina, integrada -como as demais -numa determinada contextualização histórica. Na verdade, será essa mesma inserção que poderá, em última análise, explicitar coerentemente as principais linhas de investigação, os sítios escavados, a filosofia da exposição museológica das estruturas e artefactos encontrados, bem como as políticas de ensino, divulgação e salvaguarda do património arqueológico, pontual e circunstancialmente seleccionados, adoptados e implementados. As razões subjacentes a essa problematização historiográfica serão, certamente, múltiplas. Não deveremos, contudo, deixar de mencionar o facto de o próprio avolumar das investigações arqueológicas no terreno ter induzido alguns estudiosos a ponderar questões, eminentemente teóricas e teorizantes, do próprio devir da ciência que praticam, ao mesmo tempo que a questionar a verdadeira essência da diferenciação entre explicações elaboradas sobre uma mesma realidade material. Essas disparidades poderiam advir dos próprios estádios epistemológicos da Arqueologia, como, ainda, de certas conceptualizações e mundividências contextualizáveis, que, no fundo, condicionariam uma forma de estar, intervir e pensar as próprias investigações, bem como a delineação das suas explicitações. Contrariamente ao que vem sucedendo nos demais países europeus, nomeadamente em Espanha, na Alemanha e, mais recentemente, nos do Leste europeu, não se tem concedido, no nosso país, uma devida importância a todas as questões que poderão encontrar-se subjacentes a essa mesma temática, que, no fundo, se resumirá às ligações entre o poder político-cultural e a prática científica. Essa prática, convirá referi-lo, abrangeria o mundo científico, fosse ele de características naturais ou sociais, embora, como se compreenderá, se concedesse, a estas últimas uma maior relevância. Pensamos que factores, como a necessidade de desenvolver sistematicamente a Arqueologia no nosso território, de institucionalizá-la universitariamente, nomeadamente com a recente abertura de variantes de Arqueologia, de constituir um Instituto Português de Arqueologia exclusivamente vocacionado para todas as temáticas relacionadas com essa ciência, para não referir a imprescindibilidade de estabelecer e prestigiar o estatuto da profissão de arqueólogo no seio da nossa sociedade, ter-se-ão revelado preponderantes na escassa atenção que se tem concedido às questões historiográficas relacionadas com a nossa disciplina. Por outro lado, encontrar-se-á ainda profundamente arreigada uma certa convicção segundo a qual no nosso país não se terá verificado uma tão linear utilização das investigações de diferentes ciências por parte do poder político, como teria sucedido noutros. Este fenómeno emergiria sobretudo naqueles estados que sentiram uma absoluta premência interna em sublinhar a validade da sua independência geográfica, bem como em expandir territorialmente toda a sua influência cultural, enquanto único -e hipotético -meio de sobrevivência das suas respectivas nacionalidades. Mas, se, por um lado, essas premissas poderão ser, aparentemente, compreensíveis, acreditamos, por outro, que elas provirão dos poucos estudos que têm sido levados a cabo no campo da História da Arqueologia no nosso território. Esses estudos deverão aumentar numericamente, numa altura em que se torna crescentemente necessário ponderar todas essas etapas evolutivas, até como forma de consciencializarmos os caminhos que a investigação percorre presentemente, e deverá trilhar num futuro muito próximo. Gostaríamos de acreditar que este nosso pequeno ensaio pudesse demonstrar que os estudos levados a cabo por investigadores portugueses de Oitocentos revelaram um interesse claramente nacionalista, não obstante os seus próprios autores nem sempre o consciencializarem, REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE Arqueologia .volume 4.número 1.2001 até por surgirem numa contextualização mais abrangente, a um nível europeu, de temas específicos e preferencialmente investigados no âmbito arqueológico. Discernir essas intencionalidades nem sempre é fácil, precisamente por não surgirem declaradamente expressas. Somente através de uma criteriosa leitura e constante cruzamento de dados se torna possível discerni-las, embora com algumas cautelas, pelo menos pontualmente. O principal objectivo deste nosso estudo é, assim, o de inferir todo um conjunto de propósitos nacionalistas que pudessem encontrar-se explanados nalgumas investigações e obras elaboradas pelo arquitecto, estudioso da Arqueologia e propugnador da salvaguarda do património histórico português, Joaquim Possidónio Narciso da Silva (1806Silva ( -1896)). Na escolha desta personalidade do nosso Oitocentos cultural, encontraram-se subjacentes razões como o próprio desconhecimento generalizado das actividades que levaria a cabo em prol do desenvolvimento de uma consciência cívica para a premência da institucionalização do estudo, preservação e divulgação da memória nacional através da implementação e desenvolvimento das mais variadas ciências. Seria Possidónio da Silva, na verdade, quem preconizaria e traçaria algumas das linhas gerais para a concretização de todo esse conjunto de desideratos. De entre elas, destacaremos a inauguração da Real Associação dos Architectos Civis e Archeologos Portuguezes (1863) -a primeira, no género, a vingar, verdadeiramente, entre nós -, bem como a Commissão dos Monumentos Nacionaes (1880), fundada a nível ministerial, com o principal intuito de salvaguardar o nosso património histórico-arqueológico, móvel e imóvel. Sendo impossível estabelecer, linearmente, uma fronteira, uma ruptura, verdadeiramente assumida, no que respeita à adopção de um quadro epistemológico, pensamos, no entanto, que determinados acontecimentos poderão ter servido de verdadeiros catalisadores dessas mesmas viragens, que vinham crescendo e fundamentando-se, paulatinamente, no espírito de algumas personalidades. E esse seria o caso específico de Possidónio da Silva. Com efeito, consideramos que 1867 constituiu uma data crucial na sua vida intelectual, um verdadeiro ponto de viragem a partir do qual assistimos a um conjunto de actividades da mais variada índole em prol da promoção, no nosso território, dos estudos arqueológicos, de um modo geral, e dos pré-históricos, muito especificamente. Essa consciencialização, despertada definitivamente nessa data, teria visto o seu início muito antes, quando ainda estudante na École des Beaux Arts, de Paris, entre 1825 e 1833, com um interregno de dois anos (1828-1830), durante o qual aprofundara a sua formação académica em território italiano, à semelhança de outros tantos "pensionistas" franceses. Concretizou esse percurso ao mesmo tempo que perfazia o tradicional Grand Tour, considerado, então, indispensável a uma verdadeira complementaridade educacional dos jovens aristocratas e burgueses europeus. Embora imbuído de uma forte formação neoclássica -então ainda notoriamente preponderante nos meios académicos europeus -, a linha romântica já ia trilhando o seu longo e duradouro percurso, na cultura e espíritos oitocentistas, e à qual, muito naturalmente, Possidónio não poderia permanecer indiferente; pelo contrário. Na verdade, ao que realmente assistiríamos seria ao empenhamento e autêntico entrosamento de Possidónio em toda uma linha conceptual e mundividência inerentes ao Romantismo,

could not help but admire the objectivity, thoroughness, and painstaking procedures he demonstrated in the collection and analysis of factual evidence. There was no heady jumping to conclusions before the facts were in. There was another quality of Dr. Cressman's character that I came to admire. He did not give up easily in the face of negative criticism by his peers. On the contrary, he expanded the base of his own experience and perceptions by contacting specialists. such as Dr. Antevs. The novel experience and outlook of Antevs brought a more objective and perceptive orientation to a problem that local theorists had settled very much to their own satisfaction. Memories of student days confirm what one sensed then. Cressman was a teacher, but he also was a staunch friend who wanted to see you succeed. Reflecting on his own career, I an sure that Dr. Cressman would advise al1 of us to expect that, at some point in our careers, serendipity would have a part to play.

Curatorial Reports The Curatorial Reports of the Nova Scotia Museum contain information on the colledions and the preliminary results of research projects carried out under the program of the Museum. The Reports may be cited in publications but their manuscript status should be clearly Indicated. i l/ 1 l T l 1

I n their first lives, structures that are now historic were envisioned, designed, crafted, assembled, and, most importantly, occupied over long periods of time. For a variety of reasons, including inherent design flaws and construction, changes due to owner whim or neglect, natural disasters, or the changing economic needs of a community, features crumble; an entire building is razed. At the end of the first life, a second life may begin based solely on remaining material fragments. Sometimes they are the only surviving pieces from a structure that had stood for several generations. Or, if the effects of time and weather have required the removal of a single feature, it can now be preserved in a less harsh environment. Collectively, these features, materials, and finishes have many stories to tell as they provide a tangible link with the people who designed, crafted, and used them over time.

I n their first lives, structures that are now historic were envisioned, designed, crafted, assembled, and, most importantly, occupied over long periods of time. For a variety of reasons, including inherent design flaws and construction, changes due to owner whim or neglect, natural disasters, or the changing economic needs of a community, features crumble; an entire building is razed. At the end of the first life, a second life may begin based solely on remaining material fragments. Sometimes they are the only surviving pieces from a structure that had stood for several generations. Or, if the effects of time and weather have required the removal of a single feature, it can now be preserved in a less harsh environment. Collectively, these features, materials, and finishes have many stories to tell as they provide a tangible link with the people who designed, crafted, and used them over time.

This paper reflects on the role of images and visual or audio-visual representations in scientific practice over the years. It depicts the main turning points in the relationship between images and the construction and communication of scienific knowledge. The author proposes a possible conection beteen methodology and the use of images in science and social science.

The Chambers fluted point preform was found by Adam Chambers while playing in his yard at 19 Plymouth Street, Dartmouth. Adam found the preform near the surface of the ground while playing with a friend in the northwest comer of the backyard.

The paper goes over the origins, trajectory and future goals of the Museo Arqueológico Regional, from the perspective of its three main purposes: the preservation and investigation of the archaeological heritage that it guards, the communication and promotion of the contents that it generates and the elaboration of temporary exhibitions as the main communication tool of the institution. With its skills and its mistakes, the MAR is an institution that, due to its youth, has had the fortune of looking for its own way of developing and forging its own personality, but always recognising the path taken by others. Archaeology, as its essential purpose, is in the centre of its activity, but it's also a cultural active that generates science, culture and experiences.

This small book offers a preliminary publication of a group of colour prints depicting the most famous paintings that were found at Herculaneum and Pompei. They were most probably acquired in Italy in the 1780s by the Count Moszyński for the King Stanisla Augustus of Poland.  Apart from the short presentation of all the prints, since 1818 belonging to the University of Warsaw, the book discusses the impact of discoveries in the cities of Vesuvius on the visual culture in Poland at the turn of the 18th and 19th century.

The 12,900-year history of Native American land use on Cape Cod was instrumental in creating the landscape that Europeans first encountered during the Contact Period. Landscape manipulation by Native Peoples greatly influenced the locations of the first English settlements on the Cape. Of paramount importance in the choice of settlement locations for the English were the areas of land previously cleared for horticultural purposes by Natives. English settlement after 1620 replicated the discontinuous nature of Native settlement patterns and the earliest towns on Cape Cod were established in the locations most densely settled by Native Peoples. Using the archaeological and ethnohistorical records, this paper presents a succinct narrative of Cape Cod's indigenous history, highlights Native American impacts to the environment and explores how these landscape alterations influenced the English settlement of Cape Cod during the seventeenth century. Introduction Cape Cod is dynamic place that has been in a state of change ever since it was formed by glacial action some 18,000-22,000 years ago. Humans have been a factor in this changing landscape for at least the last 12,900 years. The lengthy and diverse history of Native American land use on Cape Cod was instrumental in creating the landscape that the first Europeans encountered in the early seventeenth century and ultimately determined the locations of the first English settlements. This paper aims to present a succinct narrative of Cape Cod's indigenous history that highlights how Native Peoples impacted the environment and how these landscape alterations influenced early European settlement. It is well known that Native American population decline and displacement from European diseases and land-dealings cleared the way for English colonization in New England. However, the traditional settlement patterns and land-management practices of Native Peoples also had a direct influence on the placement of the earliest English settlements. In contrast to myths about Europeans encountering an untamed wilderness in the New World, archaeological data and the ethnohistorical record have demonstrated that Natives across the continent, including those in southern New England, were actively engaged in land management through controlled burns, pruning, and land clearing (e.g. Denevan 1992). Logically, the patterns of English settlement followed those of their Native predecessors. Native settlements were established in what were naturally the most productive environments, which by the time Europeans arrived to Cape Cod had been further enhanced by generations of land management practices. The most important of these processes to the English newcomers was Native land clearing for horticultural purposes, which also created meadow and edge environments that were conducive to attracting game animals such as deer and turkey. With portions of the land already cleared, European settlers were able to focus on building houses and planting fields while skipping the laborious effort of clearing out established forests.

Nel 1870, con i lavori nella chiesa di S. Maria dell'Ammiraglioa Palermo, detta la Martorana, inizia la serie di restauri dei monumenti normanni che andrà avanti -fra dibattiti, polemiche e campagne giornalistiche -fino ai primi decenni del Novecento.

A complete, intact early Roman inkwell recovered in excavations at ancient Shiloh adds to the limited number of inkwells known from the period. The ceramic item is somewhat small and poorly made, but its apparently handmade, inverted trapezoidal shape is unique among extant early Roman inkwells from Judea and adds a relatively small site to the list of places where inkwells have appeared.

A complete, intact early Roman inkwell recovered in excavations at ancient Shiloh adds to the limited number of inkwells known from the period. The ceramic item is somewhat small and poorly made, but its apparently handmade, inverted trapezoidal shape is unique among extant early Roman inkwells from Judea and adds a relatively small site to the list of places where inkwells have appeared.

Associação Clenardus. Grupo de Cultura.
Os grandes mitos da Grécia antiga estão, directa ou indirectamente, ainda presentes na nossa Cultura. Assim, este projecto visa promover: · A aprendizagem dos Mitos Clássicos Universais; · Fomentar o gosto pela leitura das obras clássicas; · Acções de multidisciplinaridade (por exemplo cruzar a mitologia e as artes); · Acções com investigadores convidados de Cultura Clássica; · Realização de Encontros, Acções de Formação e visitas temáticas relacionadas com a Mitologia.
O Projecto iniciou-se, em 2018, com um conjunto de ações realizadas no Palácio Nacional da Ajuda, no Museu Nacional dos Coches; no Museu Nacional de Arqueologia e no Museu Municipal de Loures.
Gradualmente estendeu-se a outros locais, designadamente através da participação da Associação Clenardus no «Festival Romano», actividade promovida pelo Museu de Odrinhas,  no Festival Romano de Alter do Chão; no Museu da Fundação da Ammaia, Marvão, e ainda no Município de Odivelas e de Sintra, na Quinta da Regaleira, onde se verificaram várias visitas temáticas.

From page 4: "World War I profoundly changed the nature of U.S. empire in and American cultural attitudes toward Central America. During the war, the architects of U.S. empire in Latin America instituted new, covert methods for surveilling populations and asserting control over the region. The war also pushed Americans to reimagine and reassert their place in the hemisphere and the world through an imagined identification with the region’s past. Broadly, then, the Great War birthed twin projects of possessing the region: covert operations to control the Central America of the present, and overt claims to the Central American past. By examining archaeologists’ activities and the discipline’s wider resonance during the war, we can gain a greater appreciation for these developments."

The Norman Mith in the Artistic Culture of Hapsburgs' Sicily: Identity Construction and Representation of Power.
During the 19th century Sicilian architecture saw a return to a neo-Norman style, with that glorious moment in the island’s history offering legitimation for the calls for autonomous rule that envisaged the recovery of the kingdom of Sicily, freedom from the Bourbonic yoke and an end to the subordination to Naples. However, a similar phenomenon had already occurred during the 16th century. Sicilian Renaissance drew inspiration not only from classicism, but also from the legacy of its Norman Middleage, perhaps as an attempt to build an identity for an island, like Hapsburgs’ Sicily, not free and a melting pot of cultures. But the Norman mith shows a surpriding contradiction: on one hand it lent support to the construction of a “national” Sicilian identity, on the other it became a powerful tool for the Spanish Crown to strenghten its monarchical power  and its control on the island.

Finčhé i leoni non avranno i loro storici, i racconti di caccia magnificheranno sempře le gesta dei cacciatori. (Proverbio africano) 1. II documento, i problemi, il metodo 1.1. II fregio fra arte e storia Questo studio sul fregio della Caccia dipinto sulla řacciata della II tomba reále di Vergina, detta 'di Filippo1, verterà essenzialmente sul soggetto della rappresentazione (terna della caccia) e sul suo significato. Poiché la scéna, raffigurata su una estesa superficie di m. 1,16 x m. 5,56, è complessa nella sua struttura e straordinariamente ricca di particolari, e poiché Andronikos, l'autore deU'importante scoperta, ha offerto nel suo volume su Questo lavoro fa parte di una ricerca finanziata dal C.N.R. 1. Cf. anche Andronikos 1987, partie. 368-371 .

We present a brief description of the life and career of the Viscount of St. Januário, Januário Correia de Almeida, who succeeded to Possidónio da Silva, after his death, in 1896, as the President of the Real Associação dos Arquitectos Civis e Arqueólogos Portugueses. Their contributions in the field of the study of the Cultural Heritage, as well as their initiatives in order to improove the expositive conditions of the collections of the Museum of the Association and new acquisitions he promoted are also briefly described.

«Established in 1863 to affirm and honor the professional activity of architects in Portugal, the Association of Portuguese Civil Architects
/ Royal Association of Portuguese Civil Architects and Archaeologists
/ Association of Portuguese Archaeologists soon recognized the need to be represented in international events, especially after foundation, the following year, of its museological space, known as Carmo Archaeological Museum.
A decision to follow throughout its existence, for the sake of the study, preservation and dissemination of the historical, artistic and archaeological 102 heritage of the country, contributing simultaneously for the emergence and development of similar societies, museums and scientific programs. Particularities to be analyzed briefly in this paper through some examples, including the so far ‘Portuguese India’, and attendance at Universal exhibitions between late nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century.»

Keywords: Association of Portuguese Archaeologists; Carmo Archaeological
Museum; Heritage; Universal Exhibition; Portuguese India.

Esempi di ispirazione all’antico nella produzione scultorea di Ippolito Buzzi, Nicolas Cordier, Pietro Bernini, in Mneme / Antico e Moderno nella Storia dell’Arte, Quaderni dei corsi dei Beni Culturali e Archeologia. Vol I, 2016, (atti del convegno di Studi a cura L. Figurelli, Università di Palermo, corso di laurea in Archeologia, sezione staccata di Agrigento, 2008).

Садржај 11 | Увод 15 | 1. АРХЕОЛОГИЈА И АНТРОПОЛОГИЈА 6 | Културни контексти археологије суседне и егзотичне народе. Средњовековна скученост и свођење идеје људскости на Европу. Шок изазван путовањима Марка Пола. Колонијализам и сусрет с "дивљаком". Да ли су "дивљаци" одувек били такви или су се временом дегенерисали? Идеја прогреса и веровање да су и Европљани некада били дивљи: "у почетку је цео свет био Америка". Хобсово и Русоово виђење "дивљака". Антикварство и кабинети куриозитета као претходница научне археологије. Романтичарско схватање прошлости и национална историја. Корени идеје унилинеарне еволуције у просветитељству, а културног партикуларизма у романтизму)

The archeological knowledge is extracted basically from investigations to reconstruct the events of history. Documentation and records of the archeological data is always a challenge for the archeologists, as the data may be from a small piece of artifact to a big city of the past. With the advancement of technology and use of computers, virtual archeology has been established to assist the archeologists not only to maintain the record but to simulate historical environment. This paper reviews different methods used by researchers for virtual completion of buildings and artifacts excavated at different archeological sites. The author has reviewed three studies from Germany, US and Italy. The first study is a regeneration of a historical building in the form of 3D virtual model where inadequate information was available to the archeologists. Second study is a virtual completion of vessels and ceramic shards excavated from a renowned site. Third study is related to a large site with three well preserved temples of Greek and Roman Period. Author found that virtually reconstructing 3D models of these sites can be used not only for documentation, education and visual presentation but also for scientific analysis and understanding.

This paper outlines a number of suggestions for interpretive actions that may be undertaken by the National Park Service to increase the public's understanding of, and appreciation for, nationally significant archaeological resources. The paper offers two sets of solutions: one focused on youth and the other on adults. Each set is broken down into potential immediate, near-term, and long-term actions. While the action plan was specifically designed for Keweenaw National Historical Park and Isle Royale National Park, the suggested interpretive actions may be applied to parks across the country and the world.

Nei primi decenni del XII secolo si realizzano in Sicilia numerosi edifici religiosi, le cui absidi seguono in genere i modelli bizantini, ma non mancano soluzioni originali. Tra le chiese basiliane del Val Demone si distingue quella dei Santi Pietro e Paolo a Casalvecchio Siculo (1117-1172), la cui abside centrale assume esternamente la forma di una torretta a pianta rettangolare, che include due nicchie pentagonali negli spazi di raccordo con la curva interna. Tutte e tre le absidi della chiesa di Sant’Andrea a Piazza Armerina (ante 1148) presentano esternamente un profilo rettilineo e la massiccia struttura muraria ingloba la torre campanaria. Nella cappella palatina di Palermo, consacrata nel 1140, le tre conche sono unificate posteriormente da un volume poligonale, il cui riferimento più prossimo va ricercato nei modelli bizantini. L’analisi delle strutture murarie evidenzia che tale geometria viene fissata fin dalla realizzazione della primitiva cappella del palazzo (la cosiddetta cripta), su cui poggia la chiesa superiore. Lo sperimentalismo planimetrico che si rileva in questi esempi, forse favorito dalle ridotte dimensioni degli edifici, verrà in seguito abbandonato in favore di soluzioni più consuete, privilegiando nelle absidi delle grandi cattedrali gli aspetti prettamente decorativi.