Historical Narration

Objective
This study aims to identify the patterns of new media consumption among Iranian consumers using the conceptual framework of the Uses and Gratifications Theory, employing the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method.

Methodology
This qualitative research is grounded in the interpretive paradigm and follows a descriptive-analytical method. In terms of orientation, it is applied research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. To analyze the data, the interviews were first coded, and then interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was conducted, drawing on the assumptions of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. Main and sub-themes were extracted to identify the underlying patterns of new media consumption

The aim of the study is to describe the process of the development of social conditions, which is referred to here as a "reflexive tradition". This essay is the basic essay. The research method is bibliographic and is based on the Grounded Theory. It is investigated whether it is possible to plan a theoretical framework, to examine the emergence of these relationships empirically. The Iranian as well as the other societies in Middle East met with Western modern societies in the last two hundred years. The "reflexive tradition" is a description of these meetings and related developments. On the basis of the theoretical approaches, we came to the results and hypotheses about empirical investigations in this field.

Analyzing user behavior on social networks to understand psychological traits is of growing importance. Structuring data extracted from users' concurrent activity across various platforms as a multiplex network can provide valuable insights. However, conventional approaches are limited by their reliance on explicit relationships, which are often private, and their use of single-source data. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel two-stage framework for personality type prediction. Its primary innovation is the use of an implicit relationship network, extracted from the fusion of multi-source, multi-modal data including text, image, and location, instead of relying on explicit friendship links. In the first stage, community structures in the multiplex network are identified using a multi-objective evolutionary approach (MOEA/D-TS), and then the implicit relationship network is constructed using a link prediction method (CLPES). In the second stage, the resulting network is leveraged as an information source within a machine learning framework to predict user personality types. Evaluations demonstrate the proposed framework's significant superiority. The final model, using a Random Forest classifier with the fusion of all three data sources, achieved an average Macro-F1 score of 0.673. This represents an average performance improvement of 23% compared to single-source models. This finding confirms the value of analyzing implicit relations and fusing multi-source data for a deeper understanding of user personality.

In this article is studied the media, writing, language, mass media, generalized symbolic media in connection with the system theory of Niklas Luhmann. Luhmann is one of the founders of systems theory. This theory considers just behavior as a Communication, which connects to the other one. The objective and subjective meaning of an act of communication is the result of a network of communications which will be operationalized in the context of previous and subsequent intentions. The media are institutions that enable the communication, which increase the possibility of achieving understanding with partnership by means of dissemination.

Introduction: Mobile phones are among the contemporary communication technologies that have made a significant impact on human life. It is estimated that there are more than 7 billion users of this technology worldwide. The unique features of mobile phones have made them more influential on the social life, lifestyle, and consumer behavior of users than other communication technologies. Mobile phone technology is expanding rapidly in Iran, as in other parts of the world. The growing significance of this communication technology in Iran necessitates a thorough understanding of its social function. The purpose of this study was to provide a sociological explanation for the patterns of mobile phone usage among young people. Method: A survey method was utilized for this research. The research sample comprised 400 young people aged 17 to 30 from Shiraz, who were selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. Data were collected using researcher-developed questionnaires. Face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, respectively. Frequency and percentage distributions were used to describe the data. Independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were employed using SPSS software to examine the relationships between variables. Findings: The findings showed significant differences in recreational mobile phone use based on gender, marital status, social class, and parental education. Males, singles, individuals from upper social classes, and those with highly educated parents exhibited greater recreational use. However, no significant difference was observed in recreational use based on respondents' education levels. Regarding non-recreational use, significant differences were found with respect to social class, respondents' education, and parental education. Individuals from upper social classes, those with higher education levels, and individuals with highly educated parents demonstrated greater non-recreational use. However, no significant differences were observed in non-recreational use with respect to gender or marital status. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between non-recreational use and satisfaction with mobile phones. The results of regression analysis showed that the independent variables could explain .103 of the variance in non-recreational use and .114 of the variance in recreational use variances. Conclusion: Based on the findings, this research concludes that the patterns of use of mobile phone technology is closely related to the individual's lived experiences and education of individuals. Given the high usage of mobile phones by young people as a modern and industrial communication tool, and the high share of recreational use among young people, it is necessary to conduct further research focusing on the content of youth recreational use and its possible harms.

Adolescence is a period of self-recovery within the context of life and identity formation. In recent times, virtual space appears to play a significant role in shaping adolescent identity. The aim of the present study was to examine the lived experiences of adolescent girls regarding their personal and family identity as influenced by their presence in virtual space, using a psychological approach in the city of Karaj. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research design with a phenomenological method was employed, and interviews were conducted with 19 adolescent girls aged 13 to 16. Content analysis of the interviews led to the extraction of three main categories: "identity relations," "identity platform," and "identity fluidity." The overarching theme emerging from these categories was defined as "personal and family values influenced by the duality of real and virtual lifeworlds". Participants with diffused identity reported spending less than 4 hours per day on virtual platforms, whereas those in the moratorium and identity foreclosure stages reported using virtual space more than 4 hours per day. Furthermore, individuals with a diffused identity viewed virtual space as a tool for self-improvement, increasing awareness, and updating general knowledge. In contrast, those experiencing 1. Ph. D student in Women's Studies, Women's Rights in Islam, University of Religions and Religions, Qom. Iran.

A Teoria da História se consolidou como área de conhecimento e, superando resistências de longa duração no interior da disciplina, tornou-se incontornável para os historiadores entre os séculos XIX e XXI. Ainda
assim, persistem posições realistas ou empiristas, sustentadas pela crença na dissociação vulgar entre fazer e pensar, em que fazer seria mais urgente do que pensar.
Com fundamento em tradições, correntes, paradigmas, tensões, rupturas, epistemologias e tendências —  mais do que no modelo estanque das escolas históricas — considera-se a importância da hermenêutica e
busca-se experimentar seus limites diante do chamado “absurdo”. Interessam, portanto, as correntes historicistas clássicas, a historiografia sobre o trauma histórico, a abordagem ricoeuriana sobre textualidade
e, posteriormente, as perspectivas koselleckianas em razão dos limites da hermenêutica.
Excertos de expoentes de correntes diversas, tais como o historicismo clássico, o círculo metódico, o  movimento dos Annales, a história nova, os marxismos, o neohistoricismo, a micro-história, a história  cultural, entre outras tendências contemporâneas, são objetos de análises cotejadas ao longo das aulas.
Mais do que isso, fragmentos textuais de historiadores ligados às correntes mencionadas, e outras, são tomados como fontes em diálogo da Teoria da História com partes escolhidas da História da Historiografia.
Do mesmo modo, é relevante compreender as filosofias da história — desde aquelas de cunho substancialista e crítico até as correntes teóricas e filosóficas que passaram a conceber, de forma crítica, o construto da linguagem na história. Importa, ademais, examinar as circunstâncias teóricas recentes denominadas de pós-narrativistas.
Ainda que, em grande medida, eclipsadas pelo narrativismo literário, as discussões sobre a temporalidade foram fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do narrativismo fenomenológico. Propõe-se, não obstante, avaliar por outro ângulo as denominadas armadilhas do tempo, originadas de matrizes temporais eurocêntricas, para então verificar suas consequências diante da proposta multitemporal.
Com a retração da virada linguística no século XXI e, portanto, do neohistoricismo, pretende-se analisar as tendências pós-narrativistas. De maneira análoga, interessam aquelas tendências pós-antropocêntricas no interior da disciplina. Sem deixar de evidenciar impulsos, críticas e resistências aos atos infracionários e indisciplinares, suscita-se, em alguns tópicos abordados, a questão sobre a possibilidade de uma teoria da história própria do Sul Global. Além das perspectivas cognitivas clássicas, analisa-se seus desdobramentos atuais.

This study aims to explore the issue of puberty and the religious lifestyle of adolescent girls. During this stage, adolescents exhibit a spectrum of traits-from positive excitement to anxiety, and from aggression to inquisitiveness. At this stage, certain issues-particularly the issue of puberty-become salient. The issue of puberty encompasses deeper, more complex concerns. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological approach, the study investigates the issue of puberty among lowersecondary-level girls through the lens of their instructors. Findings indicate that data reduction yielded 155 sub-categories and eight core categories. The core categories were: sexual-need management; deficient social maturity; deficient emotional maturity; the necessity of targeted awareness-raising for coping with the issue of puberty; poor life-skills; the need for individualized training; vulnerability in female instructors' lifestyles; and inadequate maternal performance. The study concludes that mitigating puberty-related crises among adolescent girls requires reforming the lifestyles of both mothers and instructors, who must enhance their own practices. In addition, purposeful awareness-raising is needed to guide adolescent girls in navigating the issue of puberty. Within an Islamic lifestyle, feminine identity holds great significance. It comprises three dimensions-role, gender, and personal identity-and chastity constitutes a fundamental, central principle across all three, according to Islamic teachings. A chastity-based lifestyle represents one among many lifestyle typologies. It spans a broad range of core outcomes, focuses on indicators within interpersonal relationships, and embodies principles that promote holistic personal and societal development for all individuals.

Social media influencers can be considered as new cultural forces of identity performance. The way influencers’ children’s gender identity is represented on Instagram can influence gender perceptions, reinforce gender norms, or challenge traditional gender identities. The present study seeks to answer the question of how Iranian influencer children’s pages represent and construct children’s gender identity. To answer this question and meet the research objectives, a social semiotics method was used. The findings showed that the dominant representation on these pages is a way of expressing gender identity in which both girls and boys distance themselves from traditional gender stereotypes; children are depicted beyond binary gender norms and challenge conventional notions of masculinity or femininity. Thus, Iranian Instagram influencer children’s pages go beyond rigid gender stereotypes and promote a more fluid view of gender that reflects global trends in gender identity formation. Thus, while traditional gender norms still significantly impact Iranian society, on Instagram, we witness negotiations between traditional and new concepts of gender that could lead to broader cultural and social changes.

4 maja 2025 roku o godz. 16:00 w Muzeum Regionalnym im. Andrzeja Kaubego w Wolinie odbyła się promocja pierwszego tomu książki „Nad Dziwnę i Świnę”. Zawiera ona wspomnienia i wywiady z pierwszymi polskimi osadnikami Ziemi Wolińskiej, nagrane na taśmy magnetofonowe przez A. Kaubego ponad pół wieku temu. Treść tych unikalnych, archiwalnych nagrań nie była nigdy wcześniej publikowana.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze how religious socialization is realized in prayer and present a local model of religious socialization based on prayer's role. Method: Using the qualitative approach, grounded theory method, through purposeful sampling and with maximum diversity, in-depth and structured interviews were conducted with 23 citizens of Bandar-e Emam Khomeini (RA) who pray daily. Finding: The results show that "religious socialization" is influenced by causal conditions (dependent on place, time, and mental conditions), underlying causes (individual conditions, family prayer orientation, friends' prayer orientation, and the dependence of the media approach on occasion (, and intervening conditions (existential capacity, environmental pressure, structural performance, changing spirituality, and accessibility of side content). For this purpose, the citizens have adopted the strategy of "prayer orientation", which has resulted in some consequences (authenticity of desires, spiritual self, intentionality, monotheistic thinking, and cultivating a model). Conclusion: Prayer, as a social and individual action, is a suitable context for the religious socialization of activists in society. Religious socialization based on prayer is an interactive process in such a way that the prayer orientation strategy itself is influenced by two groups of factors, which are the background conditions (individual conditions, family prayer orientation, friends' prayer orientation, and media's opportunistic approach) and interventionist (existential capacity, environmental pressure, structural performance, changing spirituality, and accessibility of side content). Therefore, to facilitate religious socialization, it is necessary to eliminate or at least modify the limiting conditions and create or strengthen the facilitating conditions.

What is the West? Who are we Westerners? What is the relationship between the “I” and “The Other”, the “different”? What is the notion of culture that suits us, our present, in a word, contemporary humanism? These are the questions this short contribution attempts to answer. Studying the “elsewhere” allows us to better perceive ourselves: who we are and, above all, who we are not. All cultures - and, therefore, not only the others, but also ours - are located in history and, as such, are not static, being, on the contrary, more dynamic and complex than the unilinear conception of time would have us believe. Normally, we use the term West to refer to the culture that is common to Western Europe and North America. However, historically, the term has not always been used with this meaning, but has an essentially relative semantic value. Thus, it happens that the West is defined in opposition to the East, but this dichotomy only has value in relation to a meridian that history has shifted many times.

"Representation" and "articulation" are important terms in discussions of multispecies relations. In this article, I propose the term "coarticulation" that describes a process of mutual intelligibility between a human and a nonhuman and of rendering each other capable in new ways. This article argues that the concept of "coarticulation" offers a way to enrich our understanding of our human-nonhuman relations and give ontological consistency to various types of nonhumans that matter to us. It traces the reciprocal imprints that nonhumans and humans make on each other. Not least, it provides an alternative way to think about politics with nonhumans: a politics of cohabitation. This piece engages closely with Vinciane Despret’s work.

Repr. wyd. 2, rozsz.In this article, published as a kind of afterword to the latest reedition of the classical methodological treatise, originally published by Marceli Handelsman between the two World Wars, the Author presents an intellectual portrait of Handelsman as the leading Polish methodologist of history in that epoch. Also, he explains the origins of the ‘Historyka’ itself and describes the process of its ‘maturation’ through the subsequent versions and editions

Polski czytelnik długo był pozbawiony możliwości obcowania z twórczością Haydena White'a w swoim rodzimym języku. Autor, którego prace (z wydaną w 1973 r. Metahistory na czele) doprowadziły do swoistego „kopernikańskiego przewrotu” w obszarze dyskursu meta-historycznego, doczekał się do tej pory zaledwie przekładu dwóch (bynajmniej nie najbardziej istotnych) artykułów na język polski. Przez lata formułowane przez niego idee mogły oddziaływać tylko pośrednio - poprzez omówienia i streszczenia jego koncepcji przedstawiane piórem niezbyt licznej (choć pomału wzrastającej) grupki badaczy, którzy starali się przenosić na rodzimy grunt niektóre przynajmniej z White'owskich twierdzeń, koncepcji czy inspiracji (Fragment tekstu)

Doping corrosion inhibitor in a host structure (container) draws much attention among the researchers. This system, called smart corrosion inhibition, is designed not only to avoid undesirable reactions between the corrosion inhibitor and the matrix but also letting the inhibitor to be consumed just where it is needed. Moreover, in some cases, this system can undergo self-healing properties, if the coating is scratched. A lot of strategies are suggested to achieve these purposes, including loading corrosion inhibitor in nano-micro capsules, doping corrosion inhibitor in porous containers and etc. Other reservoirs that can be loaded with corrosion inhibitor are nanotubes, ion exchange particles, conductive materials, layer by layer polyelectrolytes, and porous materials. For instance, multi-layer polyelectrolytes can be used to immobilize the corrosion inhibitor. Changing the system conditions can cause polyelectrolytes to weaken, and letting the corrosion inhibitor release. In general, an ion exchange occurs between corrosive ions and inhibitors' in the system, or the inhibitor is released due to local pH changes, or as a long-term diffusion, the inhibitor can avoid corrosion reaction. Therefore, some changes are needed in the system to commence smart corrosion inhibition process.

This article shed light on perspective of Iranian digital games. Since early 21st century we confront many researches about digital games in field of media studies as well as psychology and educational studies. Some these researches are recognized digital games as just media and some of them investigate them and their effect as new media. In this article we used case study approaches to analyze digital games made in Iran technically and aesthetically. In our analytical approach we used comparison between Iranian digital games and corresponding foreign digital games used by Iranian gamers. We investigated “Garshasb, "Eighth Combat 2” and “Murders in The Streets of Tehran” as case studies and respectively compared them with “Dante’s Inferno”, “Battelle Field 3” and “Still Life”. Our finding demonstrates that Iranian digital games used low quality graphic pictures and unreal movement, then they would have failed in front of foreign digital game industry. it is because of lack of transparency of medium and intimacy with gamers. These problems result in low immediacy for involving the gamers. Then they prefer the foreign game instead. Furthermore, using real native narrative in Iranian game should be accomplished by applying real Iranian character with real Iranian goals and morality.

Anatomia del personaggio romanzesco. Storia, forme e teorie di una categoria letteraria Roma Carocci editore 2024 ISBN 9788829024131 Parlare di romanzi senza parlare di personaggi è impossibile. Quella di personaggio è senza dubbio una categoria letteraria centrale e forse proprio per questo motivo estremamente complessa da definire. Lo mostra bene Gloria Scarfone in Anatomia del personaggio romanzesco. Storia, forme e teorie di una categoria letteraria, denso ma agile studio che riflette sulla nozione di personaggio «attraverso le idee che l'hanno trasformata e le principali teorie letterarie che, a partire dal secolo scorso, hanno provato a pensarla» (p. 11). Nell'Introduzione Scarfone illustra i principi che hanno guidato il suo lavoro: la convinzione dell'insufficienza del pensiero strutturalista circa il personaggio, entità irriducibile alla mera testualità; l'idea che al contrario il personaggio sia una creatura anfibologica, che sfiora il limite tra mondo reale e mondo finzionale; la fede nella specificità del personaggio finzionale, di contro agli approcci cognitivisti che tendono invece all'omologazione tra la fiction e la vita reale. Il discorso che la studiosa porta avanti si fonda sull'idea di letteratura come mimesis e dunque su una concezione mimetica del personaggio che ovviamente rimonta ad Aristotele. E proprio da Aristotele (e con lui Platone e Teofrasto) prende le mosse. Il primo dei tre capitoli del libro -«tre diversi sguardi gettati sulla categoria di personaggio all'interno di un percorso unitario» (p. 15) -è dedicato alla discussione dei capisaldi concettuali che offrono un valido punto di vista da cui osservare la storia della categoria di personaggio: il «personaggio -afferma la studiosa -è il punto di intersezione in cui questi concetti si incontrano […] e si riconfigurano in modi sempre diversi» (p. 60). Si parte dalla mimetikè (la rappresentazione), per poi proseguire con l'eikòs (il verosimile), l'hòmoios (la somiglianza), l'homalòs (la coerenza), l'ethos (approssimativamente il carattere), la diànoia (il pensiero). Scarfone gestisce il commento dei passi cruciali della riflessione estetica (ma anche etica) platonica e aristotelica con ammirevole disinvoltura, che si manifesta nella disamina dei luoghi d'interpretazione controversa (apprezzabili i generosi rimandi bibliografici) e nei collegamenti a trattazioni moderne delle questioni poste da Platone e Aristotele. L'esame del concetto di tipo e del genere letterario del carattere, inaugurato da Teofrasto, apre il secondo capitolo, che passa in rassegna alcuni momenti cardine della riflessione novecentesca sul personaggio. La concezione lukácsiana di tipo, formulata nei Saggi sul realismo (1946), nulla ha a che fare con l'accezione comune e negativa del termine. Per Lukács il tipo è il punto d'incontro tra il generico e l'individuale, e in quanto tale «rimanda al problema centrale di ogni estetica della mimesis: il valore universale, allegorico e gnoseologico dell'arte» (p. 71). Segue l'esposizione della teoria del personaggio formulata da Vincent Jouve in L'effet-personnage dans le roman (1992). Jouve, influenzato dagli studi della Scuola di Costanza, si concentra sul momento della ricezione dei personaggi da parte dei lettori. Il suo modello si basa sulla profonda convinzione nell'«esistenza di un legame tra personaggio e realtà» (p. 83); da qui la preminenza data nella sua riflessione all'effet-personne, ossia l'illusione di trovarsi davanti, quando si legge un romanzo, a un mondo e nel caso dei personaggi a creature esistenti, tanto più forte quanto più di essi ci viene mostrata l'interiorità. Il personaggio romanzesco e l'impressione di entrarci in contatto come se fosse una persona reale, sostiene Jouve, sono la fonte maggiore del piacere sperimentato dai lettori. Come

Undoubtedly, paying attention to philosophical thoughts has a great effect on shaping film theory and the formation of artistic and cinematic works‌.‌ The analysis of the film from the perspective of contemporary theories is derived from the foundations of nominalism and conceptualism, which cause many ontological and epistemological problems according to the philosophy that shaped it‌.‌ The analysis of film representation from the perspective of phenomenology, in the analysis of different dimensions of the film such as image, sound, narrative, content, reception and perception of the audience, brings important and different results‌.‌ By briefly examining the nature of artistic representation in the theory of phenomenology, while paying attention to the important components of this theory, this article tries to value the different and influential attitude of this thought in film representation, unlike traditional theories that focus on the content, structure and process of filmmaking.‌ In this regard, with the analytical-interpretive method, how reality and meaning appear in the world of the film from this point of view and increase the audience's experience in a deep and comprehensive analysis of the various elements of the film, such as visual language and sound, time and place, space and phenomenal place‌.‌ Light and color are treated‌.‌ As a result, it can be stated that this phenomenological approach not only helps to gain a deeper understanding of the story and characters, but also strengthens the audience's connection with the context and story world and increases the cinematic experience for the audience‌.‌ The theory of film phenomenology emphasizes that our consciousness not only communicates with scenes through our actions, but also plays a role in their construction‌.‌ This role is subject to a specific logic that is not yet fully understood.

La Ciropedia è un'opera che ha goduto di una vasta fortuna e negli ultimi decenni, come quasi tutte le opere di Senofonte, ha beneficiato largamente della rinnovata attenzione degli studiosi per questo autore. È stata considerata, secondo una chiave di lettura che risale a Cicerone 1 , un'opera di natura squisitamente politica e proprio sotto questo aspetto ha dato luogo in questi ultimi anni a un vivacissimo dibattito sul tema della leadership e sulla figura stessa di Ciro, se davvero rappresenta il leader, il sovrano ideale o se invece si tratti di un personaggio inquietante dalle molte ombre, addirittura suscettibile di una lettura ironica 2. Non sono poi mancati studi volti ad analizzare la Ciropedia nel tentativo di definirne il genere letterario ovvero i vari tipi di genere letterario che in essa si intrecciano e si sovrappongono, come non sono mancati studi di narratologia impegnati a individuare le specificità di quest'opera dal punto di vista delle tecniche narrative 3. Potremmo inoltre aggiungere significativi contributi su specifiche tematiche 4 , sui diversi personaggi 5

Maria-Benedita Basto White reading Giambattista Vico: the false in the true and the ironic conditions of historiographic liberty This article deals with Hayden White's chapter on Giambattista Vico's tropological model of historical transformation, which is part of his seminal collection of essays Tropics of Discourse. Focussing on White's understanding of how Vico could inspire a critical history of historiographic consciousness, it is demonstrated how his reading of Vico's poetics of irony opens up a creative tension between discourse and the world, which can serve as a theoretical framework for liberty and critique in historiography.

This chapter will scrutinize how and why the shared national narrative of Dutch tolerance was constructed, adapted, and perpetuated in twentieth-century Dutch history textbooks, a widespread genre that has provided many people with collective memory and identity, while communicating “cultural truths.” In addition to the idea that religion led to varying – sometimes contrasting – historical interpretations and narrations in Dutch textbooks, this chapter adds a new perspective by showing how religion led to unification in the interpretation of national history under the heading of Dutch tolerance.

T. van der Vlies (2024). History Textbooks as Discursive Mediators: The Case of Dutch Tolerance, 1920-1990. In M. Roos, J. Westberg, & H. Edgren (Eds.), Secular Schooling in the Long Twentieth Century? Christianity and Education in Norway, Sweden, and the Netherlands (pp. 223-243). De Gruyter Oldenbourg. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111152578-012

The significance of gender equality among citizens lies in its potential to foster social justice, reduce inequalities, and promote democracy. This, in turn, establishes a socio-political environment that is favorable for the country’s development. This phenomenon is believed to be influenced by a variety of factors, according to researchers. Online media appears to be a significant factor in the context of gender equality. The purpose of this research is to investigate the direct and indirect impacts of online media on gender equality by examining the cultural values of “people’s voice” and “choice.” The data used in this study is derived from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey, which included a sample of 1,499 participants from Iran. The results, which were acquired through structural equation modeling and partial least squares (PLS) analysis using Smart PLS software, suggest that online media has a direct, positive, and substantial influence on the inclination of citizens toward gender equality. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the cultural values of “people’s voice” and “choice” can indirectly increase citizens' propensity for gender equality through the use of online media. Thus, the results affirm that the empirical data supports and validates the theoretical model of this study. This study underscores the critical role of online media in the promotion of gender equality, illustrating its influence both directly and through cultural values that empower citizens.

In researching urban space research, it is important to take into account not only the space itself but also the individuals who use it and their actual behaviors. The current study concentrates on the women of Saqqez city in order to illustrate the experiences of women in public spaces and the manner in which they utilize and negotiate these spaces within gender, class, and socio-spatial hierarchies. The phenomenological approach was selected to provide a more detailed and in-depth report of individuals' experiences, as one of the numerous qualitative research approaches to investigate women's lived experiences of urban public spaces. This research examined women who resided in Saqqez city and had encountered public spaces. Purposive sampling is the sampling method employed in phenomenology, which involves the selection of individuals who possess knowledge of the pertinent phenomena to facilitate the comprehension of the actual experiences of women in the public context. The descriptive phenomenological method of Collaizi was employed to analyze the research data, which was expanded to include 20 participants. The results of the study are presented in the following seven themes: “Public-Private Space Interaction,” “Spatial Boundaries,” “From Necessity to the Pleasure of Presence,” “Spatial Inclusion and Exclusion,” “From Presence Stereotypes to Spatial Resistance,” and “Sense of Place.” The 19 thematic categories that comprised “perception of the city and the ideal female model” were comprehensively described.

Questa mia recensione fu pubblicata nel 2015 su alcuni portali quali Writer's Dream, Gladiatori della Penna, e Convivio Amoris. Fu anche citata da Luigi Preziosi ("Note di Lettura") su Vibrisse Bollettino. Fight Night è un romanzo sportivo; la recensione si concentra principalmente sull'evidenziare pregi e difetti della tecnica letteraria e della forma.

Children's socialization has been transcended from the monopoly of institutions such as school and family. These institutions have found companions and possibly competitors. Media and their wide and long forms are among the most important and animation is perhaps the most important for children. The reality of death is one of the challenges of children's socialization. In recent years various animations have been made about death. Each animation has its own symbolic system depending on the worldview, cultural origin and goals of its producers. This study aims to investigate the representation of death and the world after death in Coco's animation and reflect on its implications for the religious education of Muslim (Shia) children. This review was done using semiotics. Using semiotics in the four areas of death representation, the world after death, mechanisms of facing death and the right to choose death, this research has extracted and formulated the symbolic system governing Coco's animation, and its implications have been investigated.

Nowadays, in discourse of cinema, movie poster is one of the inseparable parts of showing movie. These posters are influenced by their own social and political discourses of the time when they were produced. The current paper aims for description and interpretation of social and political changing contents of the Iranian cinema blockbuster of the past fifty years. For this purpose 47 movie posters have been chosen from the best-selling movies of the past 50 years movies of Iran, moreover, Gillian Dyer’s semiotic analysis has been used as a content frame. Reporting of paper is based on changing process. Generally, the results show that movie posters are influenced by social and political discourses of the time when they were shown. It means that gender, age, hair and body covering, size, emotion expression, position, gesture, and the objects which were placed in posters, all are influenced by modernization of Mohammad Reza Shah, Islamic revolution, Iran and Iraq war, and consumerism represented in the contents of movies.

Purpose: The lack of certainties in media policy making has caused the quality of entertainment not to have a consistent approach. Ambiguities and multiplicity have challenged the development of entertainment.Therefore, it is necessary to identify the media policy making to promote the quality of entertainment on television. Researches and lived experience of the researcher show no research has been done so far. Are the existing policy making enough indicators to determine the real missions of the media? What is the answer to the appropriate policies to promote the quality of entertainment on television, the main goal and question and the concept of entertainment in upstream documents? The secondary questions are; what are the strengths and weaknesses of television programs in the field of entertainment? Method: Document study, analysis and extraction of results with thematic analysis method and semi-structured in-depth interview with targeted sampling method were conducted with15 educated people inside and outside the organization, program makers and national media managers. Findings: The failure in local theorizing and policy-making in accordance with the real goals of the media, disregarding the diverse tastes and needs of the audience,stubborn and tasteful (approach towards laws and structures, ignorance of audience and low level of interaction causes the loss of the media's position in society and a serious threat that changes the approach and it can be turned into an opportunity. Results: The late adoption of changes imposes high political , economical and social)costs on the national media and reduces the audience's favor and the loss of new markets in the age of new media. Understanding, analyzing the space and actual media policies at due time can be used to increase the development and the compatibility of media policy making to promote the quality of entertainment on IRIB TV. Due to the rapid development process of the entertainment industry, the national media can follow the policies of "continuous self-repair"and information correction for its survival.

Literary critics search for literary works with basic criteria and terminology coming from literary theory and literary history. The aim of literary criticism is to identify texts of high literary value and those that are the opposite. Literary critics use criters from literary history and literary theory when determining the literary value of the text. This is of course valid of poetry anlysis. The value of poetic texts is determined; the obtained values were passed on to new generations for pedagogical purpuses.
The most distinctive feature of a poetıc text is its style. Style is also the most important element that distinguishes one all peotic text from another poetic text. Modern poetry researchers, while examining their materials, have concentrated on the style of expression of the poetry, that is, its style. As a matter of fact, after the publication of Benedetto Croce's (1866-1952) work Aesthetic (1902), the question of what is expressioned in a literary work was abandoned in literary studies; Instead, the question of how the work is expressioned has come to the fore. The question "how" also emphasizes the individuality of the author in literary texts. New American Criticism, Czech Structuralism, Russian Formalism, Semiotic criticism, deconstruction, critical theory, etc. All twentieth-century literary criticism methods have tried to reveal the literary quality of works of high literary value. These efforts have achieved very concrete results in the process of examining poetry texts with clear scientific objectivity. For example, Greimas's (1917-1992) structural semiotic analyzes and Eco's (1932-2016) idea of limit of interpretation and his emphasis on encyclopedic capacity have enabled us to reach some meaningful results in terms of literary work studies.
But recently, artificial intelligence applications such as chatgbt, cabilot, gemini and Claude have rapidly entered our daily lives. With these programs, the use of artificial intelligence in literary criticism has begun. Thus, literary criticism has moved or is about to move to a new dimension. If the idea that artificial intelligence is a digital structure is taken as basis, one of the main problematics is how a literary material, which has a predominant literary and aesthetic aspect, can be examined with artificial intelligence applications, which are a mechanical pattern.
In this presentation, we will focus on the question of how three texts published in three different periods of Modern Turkish Poetry are evaluated by different artificial intelligence applications. Then, brief attention will be given to the literary and aesthetic value of these texts in the history of Turkish poetry. Finally, the results obtained with artificial intelligence will be compared with the results obtained from literary history and literary criticism. Thus, what kind of results a poetic text will or will not give us when examined with artificial intelligence applications will be analyzed comparatively

Although nationalism is honored alongside the Islamic unity in the upstream documents of the government, in practice this concept has not been streamed in the next layers and has resulted in uncertainties and , therefore, has harassed cultural and public policy makers in this area, knowingly or unknowingly.
Policymakers create a hermeneutic situation for themselves as a result of every stance they take, and their a posteriori understanding is under the impact of their a priori one. These are hermeneutic situation creators some of which have key roles in giving rise to a chain of hermeneutic situations in the domain of nationalism.
In this research, by using the thematic analysis method, “conflict situations in the domain of nationalism, based on six sources including upstream documentation, statements by Imam Khomeini and Supreme Leader of the Revolution, strategies and policies adopted by governments, comments by the authorities, elite and educators, models and patterns of public and cultural policy, and also 21 dilemmas of the Council of Europe are extracted , and also by using the ISM method the key hermeneutical situation creators are identified and explained. In the end, the most important hermeneutical challenges in the domain of nationalism based on hermeneutical situation creator relationships in the nationalism domain, have been analyzed.

In 1989, when Europe was being transformed after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the expansion of satellite communications, La Sept, a Franco-German TV channel, came into being. Histoire Paralèlle, a TV show hosted by Marc Ferro with newsreels shown in both countries, 50 years before, became the most watched program of the station, comparing the images the ways in which German and French started the war, as it should be seen and experienced by their fellow citizens. The program became a socialized process of understanding and historical rewriting, besides standing before the conflict between memory and history, a question that guided the historiography of the 1990s. This article analyzes Histoire Paralèlle, examining the relationship that it established with the historiography and filmic production of the historian. Therefore, its theoretical assumptions are re-discussed and historicized in the context of Ferro' s works and through the analysis of three of his programs.

The final paper of the seminar on sources for the history of religious institutes proposes a limited attempt at a typology of existing biographies of Leon Dehon, Founder of the Congregation of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Saint-Quentin. It considers questions that in time will form the basis of the author's doctoral thesis. He timidly seeks to identify fundamental differences by opening up a discussion on the history of Dehonian historiography.

The concept of post-truth has been on the world's agenda since 2016. Perhaps this concept, which is frequently encountered in political life, provides the speaker with a freer speaking platform. Politicians, instead of presenting the reality to their constituents as it is, want to reshape this reality according to their own ideology and present it to the recipient. Politicians have certain objectives in creating such a virtual reality. These aims can be listed as keeping the voters, increasing the voting potential, and attracting undecided voters to their favor. The common result of all these aims is to gain political power or to remain in the existing power. Post-truth reality is constructed relatively more easily in social media environments. The construction of reality can be through beliefs or emotions. In such ways, the recipient is tried to be persuaded, and thus behavioral change is achieved. One of the most necessary subjects for this artificial reality atmosphere is the anti-subject. The idea that the anti-subject does not know the truth that we (you and I) know and believe and is trying to destroy it is the main theme of post-truth discourse. Politicians try to persuade the voters to believe in their own truth by expressing this idea to them. There are many examples of this around the world. In this study, firstly, the concept of post-truth is examined and its various definitions are discussed. The distinctions between the concepts of real and truth are analyzed and then it is explained how and for what purposes the concept of post-truth is used in politics. Following the comparison of post-truth and fake news, the concept is discussed within the framework of sender-receiver interaction in terms of communication. The concept is tried to be elucidated with the modalities such as /convincing/, /believing/, /being/, /appearing/. Besides, using the semiotic square, the study also

ات جنپ نابز یسراف راجنهب ناکدوک رد راتفگ یاون یاهدربراک نایب و کرد نابز یسانش ناور درکیور زا یدهاوش :هلاس هد رد راتفگ یاون نایب و کرد یاه تراهم عاونا تخانش یارب اریخا نابز ی��سانش ناور هاگدید زا :همدقم نایب و کرد ییاناوت یسررب فده اب هعلاطم نیلوا رضاح شهوژپ .تسا هدش هدافتسا فلتخم یاه نابز :شور.تسا نابز یسانش ناور هاگدید یانبم رب نابز یسراف هلاس 10 ات 5 راجنهب ناکدوک رد اون دربراک و 7-8 ،5-6 ینس یاه هورگ رد نابز یسراف راجنهب رسپ 30 و رتخد 30 یور رضاح یعطقم هعلاطم و کرد شخب ود رد هژیو دیکأت و یدنبزرم ،ساسحا ،ینایاپ یاون فیلاکت ادتبا .دش ارجا لاس 9-10 طسوت نابز یسانش ناور درکیور زا یرادربوگلا اب یسراف رد راتفگ یاون یاه درکلمع هب هجوت اب نایب دربراک نایب و کرد فیلاکت رد لاس 7-8 و 5-6 ناکدوک زایتما :اه هتفای .دش ارجا سپس یحارط ناققحم فیلاکت مامت رد لاس 9-10 ناکدوک اما ؛دوب (سناش حطس) 12 زا رتلااب هژیو دیکأت نایب یانثتسا هب اون یاون فیلاکت رد اهنت نینس کیکفت هب اهزایتما نیگنایم توافت .دندرک بسک ار اهزایتما فقس هب کیدزن کرد یاهزایتما نیب ،هژیو دیکأت و ینایاپ یاون فیلاکت رد .(P≥ 0/05) دوب ر...

I have always regretted how easy it is for a doctor in a party or public gathering, etc., just by saying that she is a doctor, everyone understands what she is doing. Or someone who says "I am a teacher", "I am a psychologist", "I am a dentist" and...

But, when we say that we are "sociologists", everyone looks at us with a face that shows ambiguity and confusion. 
When we say "we are sociologists", people don't know "what can they want?", and only talk about the situation is exchanged between us and them.
How long should this situation continue?
The website of young sociologists, written by Dr. Manijeh Navidenia, has tried to break this situation, which includes the articles of "Professional Sociologist".
In this article, the intention is to teach "introduction of sociology", first for ourselves, who are students of sociology, and then to accept the responsibility to communicate it to the people and all those we come in contact with.