Green Economy, Sustainable Development

Perkembangan teknologi digital dalam satu dekade terakhir telah membawa perubahan mendasar pada struktur ekonomi global, termasuk di Indonesia. Transformasi digital ini memunculkan fenomena baru dalam sektor jasa, yaitu ekonomi berbasis platform (platform economy) yang menghubungkan penyedia dan pengguna jasa secara langsung melalui teknologi informasi. Salah satu perusahaan yang berhasil memanfaatkan peluang ini adalah PT Gojek Indonesia, sebuah perusahaan rintisan (startup) yang kini berkembang menjadi super app dengan layanan transportasi, logistik, keuangan, dan gaya hidup. Berdiri sejak tahun 2010, Gojek telah bertransformasi dari layanan pemesanan ojek melalui call center menjadi ekosistem digital yang mencakup jutaan mitra pengemudi (driver partners), mitra usaha (merchant partners), serta pengguna di berbagai wilayah Indonesia dan Asia Tenggara.

Lingkungan produksi merupakan keseluruhan kondisi dan faktor yang memengaruhi kegiatan proses produksi dalam suatu perusahaan, baik yang berasal dari dalam maupun luar organisasi. Lingkungan ini mencakup sumber daya manusia, bahan baku, mesin, metode kerja, hingga sistem manajemen yang digunakan dalam proses produksi. Faktor eksternal seperti kebijakan pemerintah, kondisi ekonomi, perkembangan teknologi, sosial budaya, dan tingkat persaingan juga memiliki peranan penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan suatu industri. Pemahaman yang baik terhadap lingkungan produksi memungkinkan perusahaan untuk mengelola sumber daya secara efisien, meningkatkan kualitas produk, serta beradaptasi terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di lingkungan bisnis.

, lingkungan produksi adalah serangkaian faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi proses penciptaan barang dan jasa dalam suatu organisasi. Faktor internal meliputi sumber daya manusia, mesin, material, dan sistem manajemen, sedangkan faktor eksternal mencakup kebijakan pemerintah, kondisi pasar, dan aspek sosial-ekonomi masyarakat. Schroeder (2007) menambahkan bahwa lingkungan produksi mencakup semua aspek yang dapat memengaruhi keputusan produksi, seperti lokasi pabrik, ketersediaan bahan baku, serta faktor lingkungan fisik seperti suhu, kelembapan, dan limbah industri. Lingkungan yang kondusif akan meningkatkan efisiensi, menurunkan biaya, dan memperkuat daya saing industri. Selain itu, Porter (1985) menegaskan bahwa keunggulan kompetitif industri tidak hanya berasal dari teknologi dan modal, tetapi juga dari bagaimana perusahaan beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya secara berkelanjutan. Dalam konteks modern, hal ini mencakup tanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan hidup dan kesejahteraan sosial. Konsep modal sosial (social capital) pertama kali dipopulerkan oleh Pierre Bourdieu (1986) sebagai sumber daya aktual maupun potensial yang berasal dari jaringan relasi sosial yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan simbolik. Modal sosial terbentuk melalui hubungan kepercayaan, norma, dan kerja sama antar individu atau kelompok. Menurut Putnam (1993), modal sosial adalah jaringan, norma, dan kepercayaan sosial yang memfasilitasi koordinasi dan kolaborasi untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Dalam konteks industri, modal sosial berperan penting dalam memperkuat hubungan antara pekerja, manajemen, pemasok, dan masyarakat sekitar.

Vengono qui raccolti tre contributi, apparsi sulla rivista "Società e Conflitto" (che ha nel frattempo cessato le pubblicazioni), dedicati alla tematizzazione di quella soggettività articolata e multiforme, quale emerge dal pensiero fortemente autobiografico di Friedrich Nietzsche.

As climate and environmental challenges grow increasingly severe, carbon markets have garnered significant attention in academic research. Carbon markets refer to the carbon pricing mechanisms that enable governments and non-state actors to trade greenhouse gas emission credits. Carbon trading and offsetting are central to these mechanisms, with the primary objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change injustice occurs when communities who contribute the least to climate change disproportionately bear the severe consequences. The aim of this review is to explore how carbon markets can be utilized as a mechanism to promote climate justice and contribute to sustainable development. By examining various policy approaches and their implications, the research seeks to shed light on how carbon markets can either advance or hinder climate justice goals. Findings indicate that carbon markets have the potential to encourage investments in clean energy and sustainable development projects which can benefit communities disproportionately affected by pollution. It can provide opportunities for broader participation on climate action allowing smaller emitters or developing countries to participate in emission trading. To maximize their positive impacts and minimize risks, carbon markets must be accompanied by complementary policies and measures that prioritize equity, inclusion, and community participation. Carbon market and climate justice can both aim to address climate change, but they can sometimes have synergies and conflicts due to differences in their objectives, priorities, and impacts on different stakeholders. Countries with greater capacity and responsibility for emissions need to take a more drastic actions and provide financial and technical support to developing nations.

Mudanças Climáticas e COP 30: Soluções e Desafios para um Futuro Sustentável" é uma obra coletiva e interdisciplinar que se debruça sobre os mais urgentes desafios ambientais contemporâneos, com especial enfoque na Amazônia e no contexto da realização da COP30 em Belém do Pará. O livro reúne análises aprofundadas de renomados especialistas e operadores do Direito, abordando questões como governança fundiária, regularização de terras, justiça climática, mercados de carbono, economia verde, bioeconomia, adaptação urbana e instrumentos fiscais para sustentabilidade. Estruturada em quatro partes, a coletânea explora: Direitos socioambientais e justiça climática, examinando os impactos das concessões florestais, a mediação de conflitos fundiários e o papel das populações tradicionais em unidades de conservação. Como também a economia verde e mercados de carbono, discutindo os marcos regulatórios recentes, os desafios fundiários, a integridade ambiental e a financeirização da natureza no contexto brasileiro e amazônico. Planejamento urbano e adaptação climática, trazendo reflexões sobre fontes de custeio, políticas municipais, refúgios climáticos e cidades inteligentes. Conferências internacionais e sustentabilidade, com destaque para o constitucionalismo climático, mineração carbono neutra, instrumentos fiscais e certificação para o desenvolvimento sustentável.

In the era of globalization and rapid technological development, sustainable development has become crucial for a country's growth, especially in the tourism sector, which has significant potential to drive economic growth and environmental conservation. This research aims to examine how environmental externalities from the tourism sector can be effectively managed through the application of green economy principles. The method used is a qualitative approach with literature study, which includes analysis of the concept of green economy, the impact of tourism on society, and policies that can internalize negative impacts. The research results indicate that the application of green economy principles can reduce negative externalities caused by tourism, such as pollution and ecosystem damage, while also improving the welfare of local communities. Policies such as Pigovian taxes, subsidies, and regulations are necessary to support this implementation. Therefore, sustainable tourism management through green economy not only focuses on economic profit but also on environmental and social sustainability.

Abstrak Perubahan iklim dan degradasi lingkungan yang semakin mendesak telah mendorong upaya global menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan, dengan asuransi hijau (green insurance) menjadi instrumen keuangan penting untuk mendukung perilaku ramah lingkungan dan mitigasi risiko iklim. Namun demikian, integrasi asuransi hijau ke dalam sistem asuransi konvensional masih relatif belum banyak dikaji, khususnya terkait aspek inovasi, kerangka regulasi, serta tantangan implementasinya. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan melakukan narrative literature review yang menyintesis perkembangan terbaru, mengidentifikasi hambatan utama, dan mengevaluasi peran regulasi dalam pengembangan green insurance. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, artikel ini menganalisis berbagai literatur ilmiah, laporan kebijakan, dan publikasi global selama satu dekade terakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa inovasi utama dalam asuransi hijau meliputi produk asuransi berbasis teknologi hijau, asuransi parametrik, integrasi ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance), serta pemanfaatan teknologi digital seperti AI, blockchain, dan IoT. Tantangan utama yang diidentifikasi antara lain rendahnya literasi pasar, keterbatasan data dan teknologi, ketidakkonsistenan regulasi, serta tingginya biaya awal. Di sisi lain, dukungan kebijakan publik, kemitraan publik-swasta, dan standar global berperan penting dalam mempercepat adopsi asuransi hijau. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa green insurance memiliki potensi transformatif dalam meningkatkan ketahanan iklim dan mendukung keberlanjutan, apabila didukung oleh inovasi produk, regulasi yang kohesif, dan strategi kolaboratif lintas sektor. Implikasi temuan ini relevan bagi pembuat kebijakan, pelaku industri asuransi, dan pemangku kepentingan global dalam membangun ekosistem asuransi hijau yang efektif dan inklusif.

The book Energy Transition at a Crossroads: Between Elite Interests and Social Justice exposes the paradox of renewable energy transition in Indonesia, where projects claimed to support sustainability often led to social injustice and environmental degradation. Through thirteen investigative reports, the book highlights how hydropower, geothermal, and nickel industry developments-often associated with green energyhave resulted in displacement, loss of livelihoods, environmental pollution, and marginalization of local communities. This review emphasizes that while the energy transition aims to reduce carbon emissions, its implementation in Indonesia tends to benefit elites and

Questo scritto è il frutto di una lunga riflessione personale sull'idea di Nulla assoluto e di  Nulla relativo e la loro differenza, la differenza meontologica. Ho pensato di pubblicarlo non perché convinto che ciò che ho scritto sia qualcosa che merita di essere conosciuto dai molti, ma al contrario per i molti dubbi che ho su questi modesti pensieri e con la speranza di trovare qualcuno che ne sa molto più di me su questo argomento e mi fa il grande piacere di dirmi che cosa non ho ancora capito e quali dei miei ragionameni devono essere rivisi o persino abbandonati.

his study examines the business development of seaweed in Indonesia during the period of 2019-2024 through a comprehensive literature review. Findings indicate substantial growth in the seaweed industry during this period, with promising increases in production and exports contributing significantly to the national economy. However, challenges such as production issues, global competition, and regulatory obstacles are also identified. Strategic measures are needed to optimize the potential of this industry, including improving production quality, market expansion, government collaboration, and human resource development. Close cooperation with relevant stakeholders, including the government and academic institutions, can strengthen the seaweed industry. Supportive policies, investment in research and development, and training programs to enhance workforce skills are key to overcoming the challenges faced by this sector. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for stakeholders in the seaweed industry and make a meaningful contribution to academic literature on this topic. With the right steps, the seaweed industry in Indonesia has the potential to continue growing sustainably and significantly benefit economic growth and societal welfare.

È noto come Martin Heidegger, uno dei filosofi più influenti del primo Novecento, abbia spesso oltrepassato i rigidi confini tra riflessione ontologico-metafisica e meditazione poetica. Dichiaratamente abbracciata nella seconda parte del proprio cammino di pensiero, tale tendenza è in realtà presente in nuce anche nelle opere del primo periodo, all'interno delle quali, come è stato mostrato dai numerosi commentatori, il pensatore tedesco utilizza spesso un linguaggio riccamente metaforico ed evocativomai opposto al rigore dell'analisi fenomenologica. Data tale premessa, l'obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di attuare una breve genealogia di quella che è forse la più celebre metafora heideggeriana dal punto di vista teoretico-concettuale, ovvero quella della Lichtung des Senys, l'«apertura nella radura dell'Essere». Di essa verrà mostrato il contesto teologico di provenienza, il modo in cui viene radicalmente problematizzata a partire dagli anni Trenta e Quaranta, ed infine l'esplicito rigetto di ogni connotazione "numinosa" negli ultimi anni di riflessione del filosofo tedesco.

Jean-Luc Nancy è intervenuto diverse volte nel dibattito innescato dalla crisi
pandemica cercando di proporre una lettura produttiva di questo evento. Non
si  tratta  di  “capitalizzare”  questa  tragedia;  al  contrario,  la  chance  che  tale
esperienza  ci  consente  è  proprio  quella  di  smontare  la  logica  del  calcolo  e
dell’accumulo  che,  avendo  implementato  l’ideologia  del  progresso  illimitato,
ha  saturato  il  mondo  fino  a  renderlo  invivibile.  Avendo  messo  in  panne  la
megamacchina  tecno-economica,  il  virus  ci  consente  di  riappropriarci  della
nostra esistenza. Questa riappropriazione passa, però, per una eteronomia, ov-
vero per un rapporto a ciò che, in noi, resta inappropriabile, non commensu-
rabile,  estraneità  radicale.  Il  saggio  prova  a  mostrare  i  tratti  salienti
dell’ontologia nancyana in cui si radica questa lettura dell’emergenza. In par-
ticolare si mostrerà come, in questo pensiero, la democrazia compaia non co-
me regime politico, ma come un atto di fede radicalmente laico.

As countries confront environmental and economic crises, the shift to a green economy depends not only on technological innovation but on strategic workforce development. This paper introduces a novel green skills ecosystem framework, integrating institutional theory, education-to-employment pathways, and just transition principles to analyze how countries, particularly fragile states, can build inclusive green labor markets. Using Lebanon as a contextual case study, the paper identifies critical gaps in training access, policy alignment, and governance coordination. By bridging global conceptual insights with national-level dynamics, the research reframes green skills not only as labor market attributes but as systemic capacities essential to equitable and resilient sustainability transitions. The findings offer transferable insights for policy, education reform, and global green skills governance in crisis-affected and developing regions.

In the last 20 years, China's steel production has proliferated, leading to increased environmental damage by releasing 574,000 tons of sulfur dioxide (SO 2), 1,114,000 tons of nitrogen oxide (NOx), and 897,000 tons of particulate matter (PM) in 2020; therefore, the country is now struggling to reduce carbon emissions and tackle climate change because of the conflicting demands of economic growth and environmental protection. Given the global emphasis on decarbonization and sustainable production, China has prioritized achieving peak carbon emissions of 30% by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Likewise, China's steel industry is progressing toward attaining the maximum carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions by 2025. This study reveals that despite a 321 Mt increase in global energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2022, CO 2 emissions in China experienced a decline of 230 Mt during the same period. Notwithstanding enacting several pertinent statutes and directives, China's iron and steel sector has not advanced substantially.

Despite the increasing use of steel in the contemporary world, the iron and steel industry is one of the emitters of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The research indicates that the primary ironmaking method is responsible for about 80% of emissions and generates air pollutants linked to 4.2 million deaths yearly. Implementing advanced technologies in steel manufacturing could reduce CO2 emissions in Europe, where energy-intensive industries account for roughly 8% of the EU's total emissions. The Steel Action Plan, introduced by the European Commission (EC), presents an exquisite and compelling solution to address the intricate challenges of surplus manufacturing capacity, formidable carbon emissions, and a scarcity of cutting-edge steel products. The European Green Deal (EGD) outlines cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50% from 1990 and increasing the use of renewable electricity by 32% by 2030, necessitating a shift away from fossil fuels in the EU's steel industry. Even though these ambitious goals are to safeguard our planet and ensure a sustainable future for mankind, implementing various policies raises questions about their applicability. Thus, this paper delves into the pivotal role of Europe in the transformative journey toward sustainable steel production through policy implementation.

This article offers a conjunctural analysis of electric vehicle (EV) culture as a site where environmental crisis, geopolitical extraction, technological nationalism, and cultural aspiration intersect. Focusing on Australia and China, we trace how automobility is being reimagined through ecological imperatives, industrial ambitions, and affective narratives. From outback fantasies in Australian motoring to China's innovation-driven campaigns, EV transitions expose the deranged temporalities of the Anthropocene, where geological, industrial, and consumer timescales collapse. We explore what we term 'wet dreams' of sustainable mobility-ocean-themed imaginaries found in Chinese EV marketing (e.g., BYD's "Build Your Dreams") that promise blue futures while embodying the extractive logics of battery supply chains. To describe this, we propose the concept of 'mineral washing': the strategic obscuring of labour exploitation, ecological degradation, and speculative hydro-mining behind narratives of green mobility. Drawing on cultural politics and the ecohumanities, we argue that EVs function not just as technological artefacts but as cultural technologies that reproduce extractivist desires. Far from signaling a clean break from fossil capitalism, the EV revolution in China and Australia reveals uneven sustainability transitions shaped by aqua-geopolitics, cultural imaginaries, and more-than-human entanglements.

Specialty coffee entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia has emerged as a dynamic catalyst for economic diversification, cultural preservation, and sustainable development under Vision 2030. This study examines how youth-led ventures, supported by a $320 million Public Investment Fund initiative, are revitalizing traditional gahwa rituals while driving a $1.54 billion market projected to grow at 5.1% annually (Maspul, 2025; Arab News, 2023). Through qualitative analysis of stakeholder interviews, ethnographic case studies, and policy documents, the research reveals a sector where 72% of young Saudis engage weekly with coffeehouses, 37% of the workforce is female, and CRISPR-engineered drought-resistant crops combat climate threats in Jazan. Digital platforms like COFE App bridge heritage and modernity, while UNESCO-recognized Khawlani coffee fosters global soft power. The findings underscore coffee’s role in advancing gender equity, circular economies (e.g., 30% waste reduction via biodegradable packaging), and halal-certified exports targeting a $3.2 trillion market. Policy recommendations prioritize youth training academies, climate-smart agriculture, and strategic global partnerships. This study positions Saudi Arabia’s coffee renaissance as a blueprint for reconciling tradition with innovation, offering lessons in community resilience and sustainable growth for economies worldwide.

Circa la tecnica: per una fenomenologia politica della relazione. Dopo aver visto come l'universalismo moderno si sia imposto come dominio globale e negazione dell'Altro, possiamo ora porre la domanda radicale: cosa significa 'essere umani' al di fuori di questo paradigma? La risposta, propongo, passa dalla relazione, dalla tecnica e dal nulla.

This paper aims to examine the mental turn of postmodern thought starting from the comparison between the observations of radical hermeneutics - represented by Richard Rorty and Gianni Vattimo - and the ones of the resistance movement called New Realism. First, a similar analysis from the two opposing factions of philosophers about the postmodern condition is highlighted. According to them, it is to be interpreted more generally as a "post-Kantian condition" that expresses a peculiar philosophy of meaning. In such a situation - especially following the indications of radical hermeneutics - two possible mental states emerge, conventionally defined as one "metaphysical" and the other "non-metaphysical", depending on the greater or lesser propensity to consider the object as dependent on the subject.
The results that emerged lead to calling into question the historical analogies between hermeneutic thought and Karl Popper's falsificationism. Through the comparative examination between Popper's positions and the critical insights of other authors, it results that the same mental attitude is present both in postmodern hermeneutics and Popperian theory. This attitude is managed by a critical rationality for which it makes more and more sense to discuss achievable opportunities rather than a "reality" that has always been elusive.
By leading every discussion and every research to the shareable opportunities, therefore, a different mental approach emerges, that is a critical opportunism that claims for itself the status of rational conduct of thought, thus denouncing the inconsistency of the prejudice that expresses the failure of reason in postmodern thought.

في ظل التحديات البيئية المتزايدة والاهتمام العالمي المتنامي بالتصدي لتغير المناخ، برزت أسواق الكربون بوصفها إحدى الأدوات الفعالة لتحقيق أهداف الاستدامة البيئية وتعزيز الاقتصاد الأخضر. وتعتمد هذه الأسواق على آليات قانونية وتنظيمية تهدف إلى تقليل انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة من خلال تبني سياسات تشجع على الحد من التلوث الصناعي وتشجيع الاستثمارات في المشاريع الصديقة للبيئة.
ومع ذلك، فإن فعالية هذه الأسواق تتطلب وجود أطر قانونية قوية وتنظيمات واضحة لضمان شفافية التعاملات وتحقيق العدالة البيئية. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على أهمية التنظيم القانوني لأسواق الكربون في تعزيز الاستدامة البيئية ودعم الاقتصاد الأخضر، من خلال استعراض الاستراتيجيات المتبعة والتحديات التي تواجه هذه الأسواق في تحقيق أهدافها. كما تسعى إلى تقديم مقترحات وتوصيات لتطوير وتحسين الأطر القانونية بما يسهم في تحقيق التوازن بين النمو الاقتصادي وحماية البيئة يمكن تطبيقها في الواقع العملي.
وخلصت الدراسة إلى إن أسواق الكربون تمثل أداة قوية لدعم الاستدامة البيئية والاقتصاد الأخضر، ويجب أن يكون الهدف الأساس هو خلق أسواق للكربون عادلة وشفافة ومستدامة، تسهم في تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة.

Considering the growing environmental challenges and the increasing global interest in addressing climate change, carbon markets have emerged as one of the effective tools to achieve environmental sustainability goals and promote the green economy. These markets rely on legal and regulatory mechanisms aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption of policies that encourage the reduction of industrial pollution and the promotion of investments in environmentally friendly projects.
However, the effectiveness of these markets requires the existence of strong legal frameworks and clear regulations to ensure transparency of transactions and achieve environmental justice. This study aims to shed light on the importance of the legal regulation of carbon markets in enhancing environmental sustainability and supporting the green economy, by reviewing the strategies used and the challenges facing these markets in achieving their goals. It also seeks to provide proposals and recommendations for the development and improvement of the legal frameworks in a way that contributes to achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection, which can be applied in practice.
The study concludes that carbon markets are powerful tools to support environmental sustainability and a green economy, and their primary goal must be to create fair, transparent, and sustainable carbon markets that contribute to achieving sustainable development goals.

The work aimed to analyse the sustainability efforts – the greening – of five industry sectors in Brazil: aluminium, chemical, steel, cement, and oil and gas. These sectors were chosen because they are the industries with the highest carbon emissions. The research sought to verify the sustainability measures adopted by business and industry actors, with special emphasis on the use of Voluntary Sustainability Standards and ESG values. In order to verify the information provided by the companies, the documents that informed the measures taken by the companies
and the numbers supporting their results were always sought out and explained in the text. The conclusions were that the sectors, guided by industry associations, have adopted a broad set of sustainability measures. The results of these measures, however, sometimes lack proof and sometimes lead to sporadic conduct, contrary to the precepts of environmental and social sustainability.

The manufacturing sector, while fueling urban economic growth, has also triggered severe environmental pollution issues. Manufacturing servitization (MS), as an emerging industrial paradigm integrating manufacturing and services, not only mitigates environmental degradation by enabling manufacturing to disentangle from reliance on resource-and energy-intensive inputs but also enhances the core competitiveness of manufacturing through increased service inputs, thereby fostering new economic growth points. Consequently, MS embodies dual benefits for both the environment and the economy, positioning it as a viable pathway for advancing urban green development efficiency (GDE). Drawing on panel data from 265 prefecturelevel cities in China, this paper employs a spatial Durbin model to delve into the direct impacts, mechanisms, heterogeneity, and spatial spillover effects of MS on urban GDE. The findings reveal the following insights: Firstly, MS significantly elevates urban GDE, a conclusion upheld by endogeneity treatments and robustness checks. Secondly, mechanism analysis indicates that enhancements in urban innovation capacity, the upgrading of urban industrial structures, and improvements in urban resource allocation efficiency constitute the core channels through which MS promotes urban GDE. However, during the study period, the scale effect of MS hindered urban GDE growth. Thirdly, heterogeneity analysis reveals that MS exerts a more pronounced green development effect in low-and medium-tech industries and resource-based cities. Fourthly, MS exhibits notable spatial spillover effects, augmenting GDE in both local and neighboring regions. Based on these conclusions, this paper offers policy recommendations aimed at narrowing urban GDE development gaps, fostering deeper integration between manufacturing and services, exploring multidimensional avenues to enhance urban GDE, tailoring industrial policies according to cities' manufacturing profiles and resource endowments, and establishing interregional collaboration mechanisms.

Online Building Energy Simulation and Optimization (BESOO) is a system of online internet programs that calculates temperatures, energy, and other parameters for various cases and conditions based on input values.
The current version (201) includes solar radiation on the outside walls of the building and allows selection of the building orientation every 22.5 degrees.
The program calculates temperatures of the outside wall layers and the air temperature in the room at a constant ambient air temperature. In addition, the program calculates TTC based on the input data.
This work includes examples of the application of BESOO to determine room air temperature without space heating or air conditioning at various ambient air temperatures and thermal insulation thicknesses.
The simulation shows that the maximum temperature drop for an uninsulated apartment is from 20°C to 14.2°C in 10 days in winter, while for well-insulated walls is up to 16.9°C.
The program may be useful for selecting optimum building design, especially the location and thickness of insulation and thermal mass such as a concrete layer.
The online internet program according to this work is available on nowagreen.com/BESO/201 (free, no login required).

This study focused on investigating the viability of replacing an electric instant shower system at a hotel located in Thika with a passive solar water heating system. The study involved quantifying the average daily hot shower water consumption per room at the hotel in order to choose an appropriate size of solar water heater. To quantify the shower water, a flow meter was installed on the shower line just before the instant shower head in the hotel room. At the same time, an electricity meter was installed on the same shower to quantify the consumption of electricity for every shower session. A digital thermometer was then fixed at the shower head to monitor the temperature of the exiting water. Measurements from this set up were recorded for a period of 30 days from 1 st February 2015 to 2 nd March 2015. The study found the average shower water consumption per room per day to be 47.17 liters and the average water temperature from the instant electric shower to be 39.8ºC. Further, the average electricity consumption per shower was found to be 0.75kWh per room per day. Thereafter, a solar water heating system was installed at the roof top of the hotel and connected to the hotel room. The instant shower unit was then isolated and the use of the solar water heater commenced. Digital thermometers were then used to measure the temperatures of the hot water from the solar water heater at V the roof tank storage and at the exit of the shower head at the following intervals 0900hrs, 1200hrs, 1500hrs and 1800hrs for a period of 30 days from 11 th March 2015 to 9 th April 2015. The average water temperatures from the Solar Water Heater (SWH) at the roof tank storage at 0900hrs, 1200hrs, 1500hrs and 1800hrs were 28.1ºC, 44.1ºC, 49.2ºC and 32.6ºC respectively. On the other hand, the average water temperatures from the SWH at the showerhead of the hotel room at 0900hrs, 1200hrs, 1500hrs and 1800hrs were 26.9ºC, 42.2ºC, 47.1ºC and 31.2ºC respectively. Supplemental heating would thus be required for the shower water at 0900hrs and 1800hrs. The average supplementary heating required at 0900hrs would have been 0.71kWh per room per day while at 1800hrs it would have been 0.47kWh per room per day. The calculated payback period for the use of the SWH in heating shower water was 6.5years. TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .

Achieving a 1.5 • C global temperature limit by 2050 has heightened the need for lithium extraction for energy storage. This is touted by governments and industry as essential to a clean, just energy transition. However, critiques reveal tensions between this ideal and the realities of lithium extraction, questioning whether it represents a continuation of extractive capitalism or a pathway to sustainable development grounded in social and environmental justice. Our critical review of the literature synthesizes lithium supply chain dynamics and interdisciplinary critiques of lithium extractivism. It exposes the contradictions and challenges in relying on lithium for climate solutions. Key issues include high water usage, toxic waste, CO₂ emissions, and deepening global inequalities along racial and class lines. We argue that meaningful reform requires both local engagement with affected communities, especially Indigenous groups, and robust state policies to democratize the extraction process.

Online Building Energy Simulation and Optimization (BESOO) is a system of online internet programs that calculates temperatures, energy and other parameters for various cases and conditions based on input values.
The current version (101) calculates temperatures of the outside wall layers and room air temperature at constant ambient air temperature. This version calculates conduction heat transfer through outside walls only. Solar radiation is not included in the current version.
The online simulation program was successfully validated using the Thermal Time Constant (TTC) method.
This work includes examples of the application of BESOO to determine room air temperature without space heating or air conditioning at various ambient air temperatures and thermal insulation thicknesses.
It may be useful to select optimum building design, especially the location and thickness of insulation, and thermal mass such as a concrete layer.
The online internet program according to this work is available on nowagreen.com/BESO/101 (free, no login required).

Government policies in various countries influence the marketing strategy and adoption of electric vehicles in the global market. On the one hand, policies that support the electric vehicle industry, such as fiscal incentives and environmentally friendly regulations, can accelerate market growth. On the other hand, policies that are less supportive or limited supporting infrastructure can hinder the expansion of the electric vehicle market globally. This study aims to analyze the role of government policies in encouraging or inhibiting the marketing of electric vehicles. The research method used is a descriptive research method. The results of the study show that the government plays an important role in marketing electric vehicles so that they can compete in the global market.

The authors inquire into the substance and forms of knowledge about space and spatial development for the great transformation and the necessary conditions for the production and dissemination of transformation. Against the background of earlier debates about sustainable spatial development, hindrances and obstacles are presented which can emerge from an abbreviated understanding of space. Discussion also focuses on the role of scientific institutions in the production and dissemination of transformation and transformative spatial knowledge, particularly universities in which spatial and planning sciences are integrated. The chapter concludes with five recapitulative theses which also address the need for further research on the topic.

Sustainability education is essential for preparing students to address global environmental challenges and fostering a transition to a green future. This research explores the role of sustainability education in equipping learners with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to promote ecological balance, sustainable development, and social responsibility. It examines effective curriculum design, innovative teaching methods, and interdisciplinary approaches that foster sustainability thinking. Additionally, the paper discusses the influence of technology, partnerships, and social justice integration in advancing environmental education and shaping students into proactive change agents. By embedding sustainability principles in educational systems, this study highlights the need for transformative learning experiences that inspire actionable solutions to environmental issues. Measuring the effectiveness of such programs is also emphasized to ensure long-term success in shaping environmentally responsible behaviours.

Coffee in Saudi Arabia is far more than a beverage; it is a vibrant tapestry of heritage, social cohesion, and economic ambition. This study examines the profound interplay between coffee (qahwa) and Saudi identity, tracing its historical roots from 15th-century trade routes to its modern-day role as a pillar of cultural and economic resilience. Through a mixed-method approach—including qualitative interviews, ethnographic observations, and literature analysis—the research unveils how coffee rituals, such as the Bedouin Ghawah ceremony, embody symbolic interactionism and communitas, fostering trust and unity in a collectivist society. Over 94% of Saudi households uphold coffee hospitality as a moral obligation, while 72% of youth frequent coffeehouses (maqha) weekly, bridging generational divides. Economically, the sector thrives as a Vision 2030 priority: the $1.54 billion market grows at 5.12% annually, with the Saudi Coffee Company targeting 2,500 tons of domestic production and 8,000 jobs by 2030 (Statista, 2025; PIF, 2022). UNESCO’s 2021 recognition of Arabic coffee as Intangible Heritage underscores its global legacy, while sustainable practices and coffee tourism offer pathways for economic diversification. Policymakers, economists, and cultural custodians will find here a blueprint for harmonizing heritage with progress, ensuring that every cup of qahwa brews a future as rich as its past.

Nesta obra o leitor encontrará aspectos doutrinários e práticos acerca do acesso aos direitos fundamentais através do acesso à justiça. Além disso, baseada na obra de Capeletti e Garth, dentre outros renomados autores, esta escrita traz elementos contemporâneos que evidenciam como o acesso aos direitos, especialmente através da justiça ainda é falho. Por fim, com dados coletados através de pesquisa com agentes e servidores públicos lotados em municípios do interior do Rio Grande do Sul se verificou que as mazelas sociais que dificultam e impossibilitam o acesso aos direitos pode estar em todos os lugares, inclusive naqueles em que menos se espera, tais como nas cidades que se localizam a ínfima distância de sua sede de Comarca.

This paper, which examines the affective landscape created by Chinese nickel investment in Indonesia, seeks to better understand how actors at various scales and networks respond to China's global rise. While state-centered perspectives dominated analyses of responses to China's global action, we want to unpack Indonesians' anxious and hopeful reactions across multiple fragmented but interconnected contexts. The majority of the involved actors, whether national, regional, or local, associate Chinese investment with the nickel industrialization project. Nonetheless, each actor, standing on a different scale and network in front of the project, has their own set of interests and visions for their future with it. National policymakers are establishing it as a symbol of national development success, while others on a national scale are criticizing it, citing how it marginalizes local communities and destroys their environments. On the other hand, local communities and workers are readjusting to industrialization in ways that betray their national actors' expectations, envisioning their everyday future with the presence of a new giant bringing opportunities and uncertainties.

Viện Chiến lược và Chính sách khoa học và công nghệ Bùi Thế Duy Văn phòng Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ Tóm tắt: Ngày 15/6/2017, Tổ chức Sở hữu trí tuệ thế giới (WIPO) công bố Báo cáo về xếp hạng Chỉ số đổi mới sáng tạo toàn cầu (Global Innovation Index-GII) năm 2017 2 , theo đó, Việt Nam đã vượt 12 bậc so với năm 2016, vươn lên xếp thứ 47/127 quốc gia, nền kinh tế. Bài báo giới thiệu tổng quan về hệ thống đổi mới sáng tạo quốc gia và đo lường hiệu quả của hệ hống đổi mới sáng tạo quốc gia, phân tích về chỉ số GII và sau đó làm rõ một số nguyên nhân góp phần đưa Việt Nam tăng 12 bậc và đề xuất một số nhiệm vụ, giải pháp để tiếp tục nâng cao Chỉ số đổi mới sáng tạo trong thời gian tới. Từ khóa: Đổi mới sáng tạo; Hệ thống đổi mới sáng tạo quốc gia; Chỉ số GII. Mã số: 17081801 1. Hệ thống Đổi mới sáng tạo quốc gia và đo lường hiệu quả của hệ thống đổi mới sáng tạo quốc gia 1.1. Hệ thống Đổi mới sáng tạo quốc gia Cách tiếp cận hệ thống đổi mới sáng tạo (ĐMST) coi ĐMST là trung tâm, là kết quả của học hỏi mang tính tương tác, qua tích lũy, xây dựng năng lực chuyên môn, qua học hỏi dựa trên khoa học và học hỏi dựa trên kinh nghiệm. Tiếp cận hệ thống ĐMST chú trọng đến việc khai thông, tăng cường tương tác giữa các thực thể, phát triển những thể chế hỗ trợ cho tương tác học hỏi, phát triển môi trường thân thiện cho ĐMST, tăng khả năng ứng phó, đáp ứng của hệ thống trước những cơ hội, hoặc những thay đổi. Có nhiều định nghĩa khác nhau về hệ thống ĐMST quốc gia, điển hình là định nghĩa của Freeman (1987), Lundvall (1992) và Nelson (1993), những học giả được coi là đặt nền móng đầu tiên cho nghiên cứu về vấn đề này. Nhưng ngay từ những nghiên cứu ban đầu về hệ thống ĐMST đã có sự

Von einer zukunftsfähigen Globalisierung kann nur die Rede sein, wenn die Normorientierung der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit integriert wird in eine umweltund sozial gerechte Perspektive. Deshalb verknüpft das vorliegende Papier kritische Diskurse zur neoliberalen Globalisierung mit feministischen Ökonomieund Ökologieansätzen. Feministische Globalisierungskritik wird hier entlang zweier Achsen entfaltet, nämlich Frauenarbeit und Sicherung von Überlebensgrundlagen (Livelihood). Beide geraten durch Liberalisierungspolitiken, Privatisierung und die fortschreitende Kommerzialisierung aller Ressourcen und Lebensbereiche zunehmend unter Druck. Arme Frauen und andere Ressourcen-, Einkommens-und Machtarme verlieren ihre Nutzungsrechte an den Überlebensressourcen Land, Wasser, Biodiversität und Saatgut und ihre Zugangsrechte zu sozialer Grundversorgung. Gleichzeitig gehört es zur Funktionslogik der neoliberalen Marktökonomie, die vor allem von Frauen geleistete Arbeit zur sozialen Versorgung, gesellschaftlichen Reproduktion und Subsistenz als nicht wertschöpfend abzuwerten, sie trotzdem aber ständig als Zuarbeits-und Sicherheitspolster zu nutzen. Unter den Bedingungen globalisierter Standortkonkurrenz findet ein Rennen der Kostensenkung und Produktivitätssteigerung statt, das zu einem erheblichen Teil auf dem Rücken von Frauen ausgetragen wird. Der universalisierte Marktzwang von Rentabilität und Effizienz führt in eine Krise der sozialen Versorgung, der Ernährungssicherung und der Überlebenssicherung der Armen. Das Rechtsregime der Welthandelsorganisation setzt sich über soziale Rechte und Umweltschutz hinweg, während gleichzeitig die Märkte soziale und ökologische Kosten externalisieren und Regierungen soziale und ökologische Aufgaben in die "Eigenverantwortung" der einzelnen und lokalen Gemeinschaften abschieben. Es geht darum, Livelihood-Rechte von Frauen und anderen sozial Schwachen gegen das Rechtsregime des Freihandels zu schützen und demokratisch Gegenmacht und Gegenmodelle aufzubauen, die Überleben und soziale Reproduktion nachhaltig sichern. Global Governance Regime und staatliche Politiken müssen Ermöglichungsräume öffnen und einen rechtlichen Rahmen setzen, damit auf der lokalen Ebene die Überlebenssicherung und Ressourcenrechte neu ausgehandelt werden können. Nur mit multiplen Strategien und Mehr-Ebenen-Kämpfen können Frauen-und Livelihood-Rechte globalisiert werden. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Feministische Ansätze der Ökonomie und der sozialen Ökologie Vorläuferdiskurse "Das unsichtbare Herz" hinter der unsichtbaren Hand -Die Sichtbarmachung von Reproduktionsarbeit 3 Globalisierte Standortkonkurrenz und Frauenarbeit Die Auflösung des gemeinwohlorientierten Staates und die Eigenverantwortung Die Entsorgung der Versorgung Neoliberale Werte-und Raumordnung Neoliberaler Konsens: Konsum und Wohlstandswachstumg 4 Livelihood und geschlechtsspezifische Ressourcenbewirtschaftung Ökologisch-ökonomischer Paradigmenwechsel der Ernährungssicherung Neuverteilung von Eigentum Lokale Vielfalt gegen globale Einfalt

Greece has richer flora than any other European country with more than 5,700 taxa (species and subspecies, Strid & Tan 1997). About 15-20% are unique, found nowhere else in the world (Greek endemics). This figure is all the more striking considering the relatively small area and the topography of the country (Fig. ). Much of the land is wild, rugged and mountainous, with more than 40% of the national area lying above 500m above sea level (including 314 mountains and 1674 individual peaks above 1000m, Strid & Tan 1997). The coastline of Greece stretches along more than 15,000km, the longest in Europe (Fig. ). About 3,000 islands and islets dot the Aegean, the Ionian and the Cretan Seas, c. 19% of the land area of Greece's Mountain summits and islands host the most rare of wild plants. Four areas in Greece are considered as European Centers of Plant Diversity and Endemism (CPDEu14-17, Akeroyd & Heywood 1994).

Esta investigación analiza las estrategias empleadas por los anunciantes del sector de la alimentación en la programación de una de las principales cadenas de televisión dirigidas al público infantil en España: Boing. El análisis incide de manera particular en dos aspectos: la promoción de hábitos saludables-con especial atención a la aplicación del Plan HAVISA-y el empleo de estrategias cross-media. Los resultados muestran que el sector de la alimentación es el que tiene una mayor presencia en los anuncios analizados, que la puesta en marcha del plan se está traduciendo en una mayor sensibilización a la hora de promover los hábitos saludables y que el uso de las estrategias cross-media no es todavía muy habitual. Abstract. In this paper we analyze the main strategies that advertisers of the food sector use in the programming of one of the major television channels aimed at children in Spain: Boing. The analysis aims particularly at two areas: the promotion of healthy lifestyles – w...

This article examines the imperative of green cooperation between Europe and Asia in the automotive industry amid rising climate concerns and industrial fragmentation. While Europe excels in regulatory standards and sustainable design, Asia leads in battery production, critical raw materials, and manufacturing scale. However, protectionist policies, geopolitical frictions, and fragmented supply chains pose major challenges. The piece argues for a redefinition of Asia-Europe relations from transactional trade to strategic climate interdependence, proposing joint ventures in battery technology, raw material certification, digital automotive ecosystems, and SME engagement. Special attention is given to the role of Southeast Asia as a key manufacturing hub and to the importance of institutional mechanisms like a Green Mobility Council. Ultimately, the article advocates for a holistic, inclusive, and trust-based architecture that aligns climate ambition with technological and geopolitical realities.