Governance Indicators

The green growth paradigm has gained much attention in the last decade. Green growth not only protects the environment and human beings but also serves as a substitute for scarce natural assets. Gov-ernance institutions develop laws and policies for all industries in a country and are directly responsible for natural resource exploration and environmental protection or destruction. Pakistan is the fifth most vulnerable country to environmental hazards in the world. To address this issue, this study is the first to analyze the relations among governance indicators, ISO 14001 and green growth in Pakistan by using time-series data from 20 0 0 to 2017. The study utilized advanced mathematical Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) models, namely, absolute grey relational grade (GRG), Deng's GRG, and Second Synthetic Degree of Grey Incidence Analysis (SSGIG) models, to capture the relations among the studied variables. The main results revealed that ISO 14001, with the highest GRA values of 0.8-0.9, proved to be effective in chan-neling green growth. Among all governance indicators related to green growth, the rule of law with the highest maximin criterion value of 0.644 was found to play a key role for Pakistan. The study findings provide insights into how good governance can contribute to accomplishing the objectives of environmental sustainability. They can also help legislators and organizations understand the importance of ISO 14001 certification to promote sustainable practices across sectors in Pakistan.

The Corruption Notebooks is the printed compilation of
journalistic reporting that comprises part of the annual Global Integrity Report, a collection of national-level assessments of anti-corruption and accountability worldwide. The Global Integrity Report is available free online (report.globalintegrity.org).

The Corruption Notebooks is the printed compilation of
journalistic reporting that comprises part of the annual Global Integrity Report, a collection of national-level assessments of anti-corruption and accountability worldwide. The Global Integrity Report is available free online (report.globalintegrity.org).

The Corruption Notebooks is the printed compilation of
journalistic reporting that comprises part of the annual Global Integrity Report, a collection of national-level assessments of anti-corruption and accountability worldwide. The Global Integrity Report is available free online (report.globalintegrity.org).

Corruption indicators have been used in budget support Performance Assessment Frameworks (PAFs) for a variety of purposes, including to control for misappropriation of funds, assess Government performance on fighting corruption, and in some cases act as an aid disbursement trigger. This literature- and interview-based study maps PAF corruption indicators and examines their role and effectiveness in monitoring corruption. The study finds that if corruption-related indicators are to be used in PAFs, it is important to: identify clearly budget support objectives and corruption indicator purpose; develop better outcome, rather than output, indicators; support partner country capacity to develop indicators; and work towards a comprehensive diagnostic framework for corruption. In general, the key message is to clarify the objectives of budget support and the purpose of including corruption indicators, and then select indicators that match. Where possible, exploit existing anticorruption processes and align PAFs with national anti-corruption processes, if they exist.

Regional planning faces numerous decision making uncertainties related to the complex interdependencies between urban and regional centres. Questions about how to achieve sustainable planning solutions across regions are a key uncertainty and relate to a lack of information about the actual achievement of outcomes as proposed by the objectives of a plan. Regional plan implementation and its impact on environmental, social and economic outcomes have been little explored within Australian urban and regional planning research. Despite a desire to improve the conditions across Australian regions, ambiguity persists regarding the results of regional planning efforts. Of the variables affecting regional planning, scholars argue that governance has a significant impact on achieving outcomes (see Pahl-Wostl 2009). In order to better analyse the impact of governance, we propose a set of governance indicators to examine decisions across regional planning institutions and apply this to governance models across Queensland's regions. We contend that these governance indicators can support a more rigorous assessment of the impacts of governance models on plan implementation and outcomes. We propose that this is a way to better understand the relationship between planning and outcomes across urban and regional areas.

In recent years, Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) have been a vastly discussed economic term by both researchers and policy-makers. Foreign expertise provides various economic bene its to the host countries through improving existing production processes, increasing competitiveness and reducing disparities in welfare. Foreign direct investment lows could be in luenced by several institutional, economic and political factors. This paper aims to check up on the empirical relation between FDI and these factors in a panel of 12 countries for 2002-2015 time period. In analysis, we employed an empirical method which considers cross-sectional dependence. Therefore, we explored long-term relations between variables through an estimation approach using Westerlund (2008) Durbin Hausman cointegration method and AMG estimator after unit root tests of variables. Empirical results clarify that there's a positive connection between FDI and governance factors for some countries in the panel.

The green growth paradigm has gained much attention in the last decade. Green growth not only protects the environment and human beings but also serves as a substitute for scarce natural assets. Governance institutions develop laws and policies for all industries in a country and are directly responsible for natural resource exploration and environmental protection or destruction. Pakistan is the fifth most vulnerable country to environmental hazards in the world. To address this issue, this study is the first to analyze the relations among governance indicators, ISO 14001 and green growth in Pakistan by using time-series data from 2000 to 2017. The study utilized advanced mathematical Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) models, namely, absolute grey relational grade (GRG), Deng's GRG, and Second Synthetic Degree of Grey Incidence Analysis (SSGIG) models, to capture the relations among the studied variables. The main results revealed that ISO 14001, with the highest GRA values of 0.8-0.9, proved to be effective in channeling green growth. Among all governance indicators related to green growth, the rule of law with the highest maximin criterion value of 0.644 was found to play a key role for Pakistan. The study findings provide insights into how good governance can contribute to accomplishing the objectives of environmental sustainability. They can also help legislators and organizations understand the importance of ISO 14001 certification to promote sustainable practices across sectors in Pakistan.

Corruption indicators have been used in budget support Performance Assessment Frameworks (PAFs) for a variety of purposes, including to control for misappropriation of funds, assess Government performance on fighting corruption, and in some cases act as an aid disbursement trigger. This literature-and interview-based study maps PAF corruption indicators and examines their role and effectiveness in monitoring corruption. The study finds that if corruption-related indicators are to be used in PAFs, it is important to: identify clearly budget support objectives and corruption indicator purpose; develop better outcome, rather than output, indicators; support partner country capacity to develop indicators; and work towards a comprehensive diagnostic framework for corruption. In general, the key message is to clarify the objectives of budget support and the purpose of including corruption indicators, and then select indicators that match. Where possible, exploit existing anticorruption processes and align PAFs with national anti-corruption processes, if they exist.

In the last three decades, the categories of fragile and failed states have gained significant importance in the fields of law, development, political science and international relations. The wider discourse plays a key role in guiding the policies of international community and multilateral institutions and has also led to the emergence of a plethora of indices and rankings to measure and classify state fragility. A critical and theoretical analysis of these matrices brings to light three crucial aspects that the current study takes as its departure point. First, the formulas and conceptual paradigms show that fragility of states is far more ubiquitous than is generally recognised, and that the so-called successful and stable states are a historical, political and geographical anomaly. Second, in the absence of an agreed definition of a successful state or even that of a failed or fragile state, the indicators generally rely on negative definitions to delineate the failed and fragile state. They generally suggest that their reading is built on a Weberian ideal–typical state, which takes the idea of monopoly over legitimate violence as its starting point. The third and final point suggests that the indicators and rankings, misconstruing the Weberian ideal–typical state, actually end up comparing fragile states against an ideal–mythical state. The article argues that this notional state is not only ahistorical and apolitical, but it also carries the same undertones that have been the hallmark of theories of linear development, colonialism and imperialism.

The study broke some yet to be explored ground in the literature on the Feldstein-Horioka (FH) puzzle. Precisely, it uncovered the role of institutions (particularly governance) in the saving-investment causal nexus using data on a panel of 37 sub-Saharan Africa countries, over the period spanning 1996 through 2010. Deploying a battery of panel estimators, the findings further lend support to earlier opinions on the bound of ranges of saving retention coefficients for the region. More specifically, the coefficients are-0.014, 0.200 and 0.21 in the ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE) and random effects (RE) regressions, respectively. These estimates are largely synonymous to those reported for SSA in extant studies. Interestingly, considerable improvement was recorded in the saving coefficient from 0.20 to 0.361 when governance was interacted with saving. This concretely reinforces the useful role of governance in mobilizing saving for investment within these economies. Based on these findings, domestic resource mobilisation can be a veritable vehicle for plugging the substantial investment gap in these SSA economies. However, such policy thrust must be necessarily complemented by far-reaching gover-nance reforms.

In the last three decades, the categories of fragile and failed states have gained significant importance in the fields of law, development, political science and international relations. The wider discourse plays a key role in guiding the policies of international community and multilateral institutions and has also led to the emergence of a plethora of indices and rankings to measure and classify state fragility. A critical and theoretical analysis of these matrices brings to light three crucial aspects that the current study takes as its departure point. First, the formulas and conceptual paradigms show that fragility of states is far more ubiquitous than is generally recognised, and that the so-called successful and stable states are a historical, political and geographical anomaly. Second, in the absence of an agreed definition of a successful state or even that of a failed or fragile state, the indicators generally rely on negative definitions to delineate the failed and fragi...