Fianancial Management

Regardless of its plentiful normal assets, Sub-Saharan Africa is ordinarily seen as
a brutal and dangerous spot to do business. However, the mainland whose majority of the general
population is caught in destitution is in urgent need of investment to touch off monetary development
to decrease poverty. Least developed West African nations specifically have been getting one
of the world's most astounding FDI inflows in respect to GDP; in any case, these nations have
a fairly little financial development in spite of such high FDI inflows in the course of the most recent
25 years. FDI plays the crucial roles of supporting development, bridging the interchange gap
and filling government revenue gaps. This paper aims to examine the linkages between Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI), inflation, exchange rate and financial development in the least develop
West Africa economies. The study used secondary data from 195 observations of the thirteen (13)
least developed countries from this region between the period of 2000 to 2014 and employed panel
data regression models to estimate the observed relationships. The study results show that inflation,
exchange rate, financial sector development and market size have a negative and a statistical
significant relationship with FDI. Infrastructure development on the other hand had a positive
and significant relationship with FDI. The study recommended the reduction of money supply within
an economy by increasing interest rate and decreasing bond prices. Also, policy makers in these
countries should follow the exchange rate and macroeconomic stability sectors of the economy
which will boost the attraction of investors. Governments of these nations should manipulate interest
rates which will impact on inflation and exchange rates. Countries should also resist from high public
debts.

An insecure environment constitutes threat not only to lives and property of individuals but also to corporate citizens. It hinders business activities. Oil and gas companies operating in Nigeria's Niger Delta incur huge operational costs due to lack of effective policing and these have significantly impacted on their operations and profit margins. This study examined the influence of effective policing on profitability of oil and gas companies in Niger Delta, South-south Nigeria. Data collected through the questionnaire and other secondary data sources (companies' financial statements) were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and the Pearson product moment correlation. The statistical values of coefficient of correlation indicate 0.572 and 0.453 for the relationships between effective policing and return on total assets on one hand; and effective policing and operating profit margin on the other hand. The study therefore concludes that effective community policing influenced profitability of oil and gas companies positively. It was recommended that government should not merely pay lip service to security issues, but to ensure concrete steps are taken to curb insecurity, for businesses to thrive.

Corporate governance has become a topic or issue in the business world that is being hotly discussed throughout the world in the late 20th and early 21st century. No less than the world organizational bodies such as the World Bank and The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) took part in pioneering corporate governance concepts. However, the essence of corporate governance itself is not yet well known by most people and businessman in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of customer governance on the value of BUMN companies and financial performance on the value of BUMN companies, both partially and simultaneously. This research was conducted at state-owned enterprises managed by the State of 139 companies. This study uses the econometrics method with panel data analysis techniques. The results of testing the model selection with the criteria of goodness of fit model, it was concluded that the panel data regression model with the pooled least square method was chosen as a method for estimating all research models. In general, it has been concluded that the application of good corporate governance can improve financial performance and company value. Then it was also found that the company's financial performance determines the condition of the company's value. Other variables such as debt to equity ratio (DER), company size (size), dividends, and profit growth also affect the performance and value of the company. Another finding is that not all variables affect at the same time but require a time lag.

For investing in profitable ventures, the firms intend to recover the investment made in them. Thus, the determination of the respective cost of capital of a venture can provide a base for making decisions on whether to accept the project profitably. In this context, this paper provides some basic explanations to facilitate the learners of the cost of capital with appropriate exhibits for their easy understanding. This paper primarily attempts to explain and illustrate how the determination of the cost of capital for the investment of equity and debt capitals can be made. Relatively, the use of dividend-price and earnings-price measures, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), Weighted Marginal Cost of Capital (WMCC), and breaking points of financing sources are also explained meaningfully. Further, in determining the optimum capital budget considering various projects, the use of the investment opportunity curve (IOC) and WMCC is also explained and illustrated. Finally, some of the major problems in determining the cost of capital are presented in brief.

This study aims to determine the results of financial analysis distress in Islamic sharia banking in Indonesia using the 2016-2018 Zmijewski X-Score model. This study uses a quantitative descriptive research design, which is a form of research based on data collected systematically about the facts and properties of the object under study by combining the relationships between the variables involved in it. The data used in the form of secondary data. The sampling technique is using saturated samples so that 14 Islamic banks are obtained as research samples. The results of this study indicate that there are as many as 10 Islamic banks that are in a healthy position in the third year and there are 4 Islamic banks that are in GrayArea even though only one third-year bank is in the gray area of Mega Syariah Bank. all banks that have a result of 0 are included in the Gray area category but if it is smaller than 0 then the bank is in the healthy category while greater than 0 then is in the category of financial distress in this study there are no Islamic banks that experience financial distress.

This study aims to test and analyse the determinants of internal stock returns with annual data observation used from 2014–2015. Following are the types of quantitative research employed in this study. The population of 41 companies with their capitalisation is listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and their capitalisations report have been consistent for two years. The non-probability sampling technique is purposive sampling. A data analysis using a regression regarding the fixed-panel effect has an R-squared value of 71.6% compared with other models. The results showed that the return on assets, return on equity, debt-to-equity ratio, firm size and growth simultaneously and significantly influence stock returns. Partially, all independent variables have a positive and significant effect on stock returns. Hence, it is advisable to add external factor variables, using sample companies within other industries.

Universities must face environmental uncertainty, which includes internal uncertainty and external uncertainty, which is very difficult for universities to predict and threatens the university's sustainability. This research aims to prove the effect of human capital and relational capital on university quality and environmental uncertainty that can affect university quality. The method used in this research is multiple regression, using purposive sampling and primary data in an online questionnaire. This study concluded that human capital and relational capital affect quality, and environmental uncertainty does not moderate the influence of human capital and relational capital variables on university quality. This research's contribution provides additional insight and input on the importance of human capital and relational capital in improving quality and the need to anticipate the external environment's uncertainty.