European Civil Procedure

The nature of the arbitration agreement in most legal systems (at least legal systems other than common law) is somewhat unclear. Presently, it is not possible to make any decisive statements as to which theory is the only correct one. On the other hand, it is necessary to examine each arbitration agreement invoked by the parties at the beginning of the proceedings and choose one of the current theories mentioned above. The classification of the arbitration agreement might, under certain circumstances, be the decisive element in determining the rules, i.e. procedural or substantive rules, applicable to the arbitration agreement. In civil law tradtion arbitration agreements may be defined as procedural agreements in broader sense, which does not have effects in proceedings only, but which are of substantial significance for qualitative evaluation of the substantive contractual relation between parties. Nevertheless, despite a mixed nature of arbitration agreements (as well as all jurisdictional agreements), jurisdiction is a procedural and not substantive category in the civil law tradition and jurisdiction remains the procedural condition (procedural requirement). Taking decision on jurisdiction in arbitration by partial award is in contradiction to the concept of jurisdiction as a procedural category, rather an interim award may be used for such decisions. Jurisdictional decisions taken in course of arbitration are, however, not substantive decisions and do not effect any Res Judicata. Some of civil law jurisdictions, completely in compliance with the concept of jurisdiction as procedural category, therefore deny to set-aside jurisdictional awards rendered prior to rendering award(s) on the merits of the dispute. Having any civil law dimension in arbitration, it may cause significant problems to the parties, if the arbitral tribunal decides on jurisdiction by a separate jurisdictional award.

Υποθέσεις διατροφής με διασυνοριακό χαρακτήρα απασχολούν σταθερά τα δικαστήρια της χώρας. Εμφανίζονται είτε ως διαφορές που ξεκινούν ενώπιον των ελληνικών δικαστηρίων (συνεπώς δικάζονται κατά τη διαδικασία των άρθρων 592 επ. ΚΠολΔ), είτε ως διαφορές που καταλήγουν σε αυτά, ύστερα από την έκδοση απόφασης στην αλλοδαπή, και την υποβολή αίτησης για την κήρυξη αυτής εκτελεστής στην Ελλάδα (συνεπώς δικάζονται κατά τη διαδικασία της εκούσιας δικαιοδοσίας). Η πρώτη κατηγορία παρουσιάζει αυξημένη, ενώ η δεύτερη περιορισμένη συχνότητα.

Στο πλαίσιο του παρόντος μελετήματος θα επιχειρηθεί σύντομη επισκόπηση της δεύτερης θεματικής, επικεντρώνοντας το ενδιαφέρον μας στις αλλοδαπές αποφάσεις που εκδόθηκαν από δικαστήρια κρατών-μελών της ΕΕ, καθώς αποδεικνύεται ότι η πλειοψηφία των δημοσιευμένων αποφάσεων προέρχεται από τον ενω-σιακό χώρο. Σχετικά ισχύει ο Κανονισμός (ΕΚ) αριθ. 4/2009 του Συμβουλίου, της 18ης Δεκεμβρίου 2008, για τη διεθνή δικαιοδοσία, το εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο, την αναγνώριση και εκτέλεση αποφάσεων και τη συνερ-γασία σε θέματα υποχρεώσεων διατροφής.

Гармонізація цивільного процесу є однією з найбільш актуальних тенденцій розвитку цивільного процесуального права в європейських країнах, що наразі досліджується та активно обговорюється в наукових колах. У 2020 році завершується спільний проект з розробки Європейських правил цивільного судочинства, який символізує прагнення європейських країн подолати відмінності у національному регулюванні цивільних процесуальних відносин. Ймовірно, що результат цього проекту, з огляду на його еволюційне значення, зміст та обсяг (незважаючи на очікування більшості його учасників, кількість правил сягає більше двохсот п’ятдесяти), стане основою для законодавчих ініціатив у майбутньому
Професор В. Комаров в своїй роботі 2011 року «Цивільний процес у глобальному контексті» слушно зауважив, що у процесуальній доктрині відбито розуміння того, що інститути правосуддя і судочинства повинні модернізуватися відповідно до викликів сучасного суспільства, виходячи не тільки з такого очевидного цивілізаційного факту, як фундаменталізація прав людини у межах національного, а й інтернаціонального правопорядків, тому безперечною є необхідність розробки відповідних концептів, що стосуються спадкоємності, традицій і новацій у цивілістичній процесуальній сфері, які б відображали сучасні теоретико-прикладні проблеми науки цивільного процесуального права . Фундаментальною умовою, яка вже зараз визначає і в найближчій перспективі все більше буде визначатиме  розвиток процесуального права, є зближення структур національного цивільного процесуального права у зв’язку з глобалізацією, яка,  як зауважив професор В. Комаров, проявляється найбільш яскраво саме на прикладі гармонізації цивільного процесу в Європейському Союзу (далі – ЄС), чому саме і присвячена ця стаття.

This is an English version of the new Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure, a very advanced legislation in the field of procedural law. The new statute provides for case management tools, contract procedure, binding precedents for a civil law legal system, standard-solution procedures for repetitive claims, international cooperation mechanisms, the relations between arbitration and judicial proceedings, and many other instruments.

La collana si propone come documento editoriale per rendere note alla comunità scientifica le ricerche dei docenti di area giuridica appartenenti al Dipartimento, le ricerche di giovani studiosi in formazione, le ricerche che costituiscono l'esito di attività seminariali e convegnistiche. garanzia scientiFica La scientificità delle pubblicazioni è garantita da un Comitato Scientifico composto da studiosi che rappresentano le diverse aree del settore giuridico e che, in quanto tali, sono in grado di certificare l'innovazione degli esiti delle ricerche per le quali si propone l'edizione e l'approccio metodologico seguito. I volumi pubblicati nella presente collana sono oggetto di procedure di doppio referaggio. comitato scientiFico modalità di pUbblicazione La collana, in linea con le politiche editoriali di EUT e dell'Università degli Studi di Trieste, prevede la pubblicazione online nella modalità ad accesso aperto, allo scopo di rendere liberamente disponibile la comunicazione scientifica. Accanto a questa modalità sono poi previste le più consuete pubblicazioni a stampa in tiratura limitata e/o su ordinazione degli autori. copyright Tutte le pubblicazioni in formato digitale della collana vengono rilasciate con una licenza Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 IT). Creative Commons 4.0 (BY-NC-ND).

Στις τρεις εγχώριες αποφάσεις που δημοσιεύονται στο παρόν τεύχος, αντανακλάται η εφαρμογή του Κανονισμού στην ελληνική έννομη τάξη. Κυρίαρχο, αλλά όχι μοναδικό , παραμένει το ζήτημα της μετάβασης στη διαδικασία που πρέπει να ακολουθηθεί μετά την υποβολή αντιρρήσεων.
Επιπρόσθετα, το ΔΕυρΕ εξέδωσε πρόσφατα νέα απόφαση σχετικά με την ερμηνεία του Καν. 1896/2006, προσδίδοντας νέα διάσταση στην προδικασία εξέτασης αίτησης ΕΔΠ, όταν στη θέση του καθ'ου βρίσκεται καταναλωτής.

La nota analizza due recenti ordinanze con le quali e` stata dichiarata l’inammissibilità dell’azione di classe proposta nei confronti di Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena e relativa ai danni subiti da quegli investitori che, nel sottoscrivere azioni di nuova emissione, hanno fatto affidamento, nella determinazione del valore di queste ultime, su bilanci e prospetti informativi che asseriscono essere viziati da irregolarità.

Книгата предоставя цялостно изследване на режима на свободната циркулация на съдебни решения на държави членки в Европейския съюз като обхваща всички прояви на свободното движение на решения: зачитане на удостоверителната способност на решенията без да е необходимо съдебно производство, обявяване на признаване и обявяване на изпълнение по съдебен ред, непосредственото зачитане и обявяване на изпълнението въз основа на европейските изпълнителни основания, както и изпълнението на привременни и обезпечителни мерки. Поставен е особен акцент на гражданско процесуалните проблеми и тяхното взаимодействие с въпросите по същество, които въпроси възникват в хода на производствата, като подходът към изследването е затова цялостен: както от гледна точка на европейския граждански процес, така и въз основа на трансмисията на зададените от това право модели в дейността по националното съдопроизводство. Затова с оглед на симбиозата между европейския граждански процес и националните съдопроизводствени правила е разгледан в цялост и националния режим на признаване и допускане на изпълнението и на издаване на изпълнителен лист. В уводната част са изследвани общите въпроси на правната конструкция на признаването на чуждестранни решения и прикрепването на националните правни последици.

Δικονομία: Επίδοση δικαστικών και εξώδικων πράξεων σε εμπορικές και αστικές υποθέσεις σύμφωνα με τον Κανονισμό 1393/2007, ιδίως στην περίπτωση που η επίδοση πρέπει να γίνει εντός τακτής προθεσμίας.

Ιδιωτικό Διεθνές Δίκαιο: Εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο σε συμβατικές ενοχές σύμφωνα με τον Κανονισμό 593/2008 – Εφαρμοστέο δίκαιο σε ενοχές από αδικαιολόγητο  πλουτισμό σύμφωνα με τον Κανονισμό 864/2007.

Πώληση: Διεθνής Σύμβαση των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για τις διεθνείς συμβάσεις  πώλησης (πεδίο εφαρμογής, υποχρεώσεις των μερών, ανώμαλη εξέλιξη ενοχής και συναφείς αξιώσεις-δικαιώματα).

This article tackles some questions of International Company Law under the Portuguese legal system, especially concerning European procedural law, conflict of laws and international commercial arbitration.
In what concerns European procedural law, attention is paid to the jurisdiction rules laid down in the Brussels I Regulation, regarding its scope of application, the fundamental general rule and the exclusive jurisdiction rule applicable to companies (art. 22, nr. 2 of the Regulation).
As far as the conflict-of-law rules are concerned, attention is given to the determination of the law governing the company (lex societatis) under Portuguese law – which traditionally follows a mitigated form of the real seat theory –, within the context of the current developments related to the right of establishment under EU law (from Daily Mail to Cartesio, passing by Centros, Überseering and Inspire Art case-law of the ECJ) and the proposals for the approval of Community-wide unified conflict-of-law rules regarding the company’s personal status.
Still, with respect to conflict-of-law problems, some specific questions are analysed, namely in what measure did the recent 2006 Portuguese Company Law Reform affect the private international law regime of groups of companies in Portuguese Company Law, for it is dubious (and herein denied) whether such substantive rules now apply to foreign (non-European) parent companies of Portuguese subsidiaries. Moreover, some interesting questions arise in the field of the applicability, by means of the conflict-of-law instrument of substitution, of several company law substantive rules to legal realities shaped by foreign law, such as, for instance, the needs (herein also denied) for an intensified supervisory legal regime for Portuguese subsidiaries of foreign parent companies, whenever such parent companies already meet equivalent requirements.
Finally, attention is given to the assessment of the arbitrability of company law disputes, under the pertinent Portuguese statutory rules on international commercial arbitration, with a special look at the possibility of settlement by arbitrators of disputes in which the validity of general meeting resolutions is challenged or the liability of directors is claimed.

In: IDET, Miscelâneas, n.º 5, Almedina, Coimbra, 2008, pp. 41-108

Νομικές Διατάξεις: άρθρα 6 § 1 ΕΣΔΑ, 8 § 1, 20 Συντ., 43 § 3 καν. 44/2001, 215 § 1, 585 § 1 ΚΠολΔ

Κήρυξη εκτελεστότητας κατά τον καν. 44/2001· δικαστική απόφαση και δικαστικές διαταγές Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου στις οποίες περιλαμβάνονται κρίσεις που παρεμποδίζουν την πρόοδο των δικών που ανοίχτηκαν στην Ελλάδα, υποχρεώνουν σε αποζημιώσεις και προειδοποιούν για την υποχρέωση καταβολής αποζημιώσεων τα πρόσωπα εκείνα τα οποία επιδιώκουν την ικανοποίηση αξιώσεών τους με διαδικασίες ενώπιον της Ελληνικής Δικαιοσύνης· τα ανωτέρω κείμενα περιέχουν «οιονεί» αντιαγωγικές διαταγές διά των οποίων τίθενται εμπόδια στην προσφυγή ενώπιον της Ελληνικής Δικαιοσύνης, κατά παράβαση των προβλέψεων των άρθρων 6 § 1 της ΕΣΔΑ, 8 § 1 και 20 Συντ., τα οποία εντάσσονται στον πυρήνα της έννοιας της δημοσίας τάξεως.

Η παρούσα μελέτη εστιάζει στο πεδίο των αστικών και εμπορικών υποθέσεων μεταξύ Ελλάδας και Κύπρου,
προσεγγίζοντας τις θεματικές της επίδοσης δικογράφων και της αναγνώρισης και εκτέλεσης αποφάσεων υπό
το πρίσμα της ελληνικής έννομης τάξης. Ειδικότερα, μετά από μια σύντομη εισαγωγή (Ι), καταγράφεται το
νομοθετικό πλαίσιο που διέπει τις επιδόσεις ελληνικών δικογράφων στην Κύπρο (ΙΙ), ενώ η ενότητα ΙΙΙ
πραγματεύεται τη θεματική της αναγνώρισης και εκτέλεσης κυπριακών αποφάσεων στην ελληνική έννομη
τάξη. Το κέντρο βάρους δίνεται στη νομολογία των ελληνικών δικαστηρίων. Ο τελικός απολογισμός μπορεί
να χαρακτηριστεί θετικός, με μικρές μόνο εξαιρέσεις.

As the European Union is considering moving forward in its efforts to harmonize civil procedures, questions arise as to the need for, benefits, potential costs, and constitutional power of the EU to enact common minimum standards in civil procedure. This Report, co-authored by Magdalena Tulibacka, Margarita Sanz and Roland Blomeyer, examined these issues in some detail. The Report was commissioned by the European Parliament's Added Value Unit, and was presented at the Committee for Legal Affairs' workshop on common minimum standards in civil procedure in Brussels, on 15 June 2016: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/pl/juri/events-workshops.html?id=20160615CHE00181

This book contains research conducted by academics from EU Member States and candidate countries. Editors have selected research that represents ideas on the numerous aspects of criminal, commercial, civil, consumer protection, and judicial system, international, family, international private, administrative and constitutional law with focus on reconciliation, European ideas and values, and European Union law.

L’articolo 88 del codice di procedura civile italiano impone alle parti di comportarsi in giudizio con lealtà e probità, ma è controverso se da questo principio possa ricavarsi anche un obbligo di dire la verità, ossia un vincolo di correttezza e di cooperazione pur nell’ambito di dialoghi conflittuali.
Il volume, che costituisce la prima monografia scientifica edita in Italia sul tema, muove dall’analisi funzionale dell’obbligo di verità per delineare, grazie all’indagine storico-comparatistica, i profili strutturali dell’istituto, che deve essere distinto fra divieto di menzogna, obbligo di completezza e obbligo di chiarificazione. Viene quindi esaminata criticamente la compatibilità di tali obblighi con i principi costituzionali e con il sistema del diritto positivo.
L’opera è destinata alla comunità accademica, ai giudici e agli avvocati, in quanto l’obbligo di verità delle parti non pone soltanto complessi problemi di carattere teorico, ma anche questioni di indubbio interesse pratico.

The dissertation provides a theoretical view of the practice of the principle of equivalence and effectiveness. In respect of the equivalence criteria I will examine – among others – the way two procedural provisions could be equivalent. What can be compared and by which criteria should the matter be evaluated? What makes a procedural rule less favourable? The principle of effectiveness also needs more evaluation: what makes the enforcement of EU law impossible in practice and excessively difficult? What kind of – subjective and objective – criteria should be examined to assess the issue? What is the role of the national judge in this matter? Are there any limits to the enforcement of EU law, and if so, what are they?

In the words of Shannon L. Alder, “the only chains you should wear in life are the chains of commitment,” 2 this paper also contributes towards the significance of commitment (or precisely speaking) the contract and laws of contract in an international scenario by applying a comparative law method. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparison of European and Pakistani contract law to find solutions to the lacunas existing in them, for they both belong to a different set of legal systems, civil and common legal systems respectively. In the beginning, the paper opens up with a brief introduction stressing ‘contract’ as a part and parcel of any society, be it in any form, since the prehistoric times till to date. Gradually, it states the reasons for choosing the contract law for comparative analysis amongst the other branches of the private law. The primary reason being the international character of the contract law as witnessed in the incorporation of contract law in certain international conventions like the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The paper then chalks out the justifications behind employing the comparative methodology for this research analysis in detail. As British ruled Pakistan for a long period of time, therefore, both share the same legal system - the common law system, whereas the European states follow the civil legal system based on the French and German civil codes. This provides the impetus for explaining the motive for comparing the contract laws of these two opposing systems to sort out a mutual understanding or solutions in cases of uncertainty, like the CISG does. The surge does not end here, it continues to explore the working of the laws of Contract Act of both the legal systems through case-study analysis which proves the formulation of some common principles of contract law that are internationally validated. In the end, the paper revisits the essence of the research by summarizing the need for comparative analysis. Keywords: Comparative Law Methodology; Contract Law; CISG; Common and Civil legal system; European and Pakistani Contract Law; Case-Study Analysis.

International scientific conference "Ukraine on the Way to Europe: the Reform of Civil Procedural Law" was organized for the purpose of discussing the draft law on amendments to the Commercial Code of Ukraine, Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine, the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine and other legislative acts No 6232  March, 23 2017, and other laws intended to implement the reform of civil procedural law, with the participation of leading Ukrainian universities and research centers, practitioners, the judiciary and European experts. The papers of participants include in this book

Κάθε έτος υπολογίζεται ότι 1,7 εκ. αστικές και εμπορικές υποθέσεις διαθέτουν ή αποκτούν διασυνοριακό χαρακτήρα. Στις ανωτέρω περιπτώσεις, ένας ή και περισσότεροι διάδικοι κατοικούν ή εδρεύουν εκτός της χώρας όπου εκδικάζεται η διαφορά. Συνέπεια της ανωτέρω διαπίστωσης είναι η επίδοση τουλάχιστον δύο δικογράφων ανά βαθμό δικαιοδοσίας σε άλλο κράτος-μέλος: Του εισαγωγικού εγγράφου της δίκης και της δικαστικής απόφασης (όταν ο παραλήπτης ερημοδίκησε). Για το σύνολο των προαναφερόμενων υποθέσεων καλείται σε εφαρμογή ο Κανονισμός 1393/2007 της ΕΕ για τις διασυνοριακές επιδόσεις. Επιπρόσθετα, ο Κανονισμός εφαρμόζεται και για την επίδοση εξώδικων πράξεων, που εκδόθηκαν από δημόσια ή άλλη υπηρεσία συνδεδεμένη με το κράτος, ή και για πράξεις ιδιωτών με νομικό περιεχόμενο. Από την 1η Ιουλίου 2022 θα ισχύσει ο νέος Καν. 2020/17842. Στο παρόν μελέτημα επιχειρείται η καταγραφή της πορείας που οδήγησε στη δημοσίευση του νέου Κανονισμού.

Until 2011, civil justice in both Switzerland and the European Union (EU) was decentralized. In 2011, after 150 years of debate, Switzerland finally took the step to unification by the entry into force of its first federal Zivilprozessordnung, whereas in the EU it is still debated if, how and to what extent civil procedure could be subject to harmonization. This article analyses the debate leading up to harmonization of civil procedure in Switzerland, comparing the arguments to those brought forward in the EU debate, and examines the legislative strategy employed by the Swiss legislature. It shows that the Swiss harmonization was brought about by practically oriented arguments, and that this pragmatism also characterized the legislative drafting process. It is argued that a similar development is conceivable within the EU, but that the price may be a general decrease in the level and quality of civil justice.

In 1975, Mauro Cappelletti predicted a profound transformation in the area of civil justice. In his view, the complexity of contemporary societies required new and enhanced methods of dispute resolution since the traditional means were increasingly insufficient to address societal (and even civilizational) challenges. It is questionable, however, whether this transformation has indeed occurred. In order to evaluate Cappelletti’s prediction, the present contribution addresses a selection of changes in the area of civil justice that have occurred since Cappelletti’s prediction and tries to identify the driving forces of change. Subsequently it identifies seven main transformation areas in civil procedure, evaluating both their present impact on civil justice and their possible future effects. The relevant areas are (1) Transformation by borrowing from national and transnational sources; (2) Transformation by technological modernization; (3) Transformation by the reorganization of courts and a redefinition of court functions; (4) Transformation by the establishment of a multi-dimensional procedure for civil cases; (5) Transformation by the pursuit of alternatives to litigation; (6) Transformation by the collectivization of decision-making processes; and (7) Transformation by ‘dejudicialization’ (privatization, outsourcing) of judicial tasks. The contribution serves as an introduction to the papers collected in the present volume, written by authors from a wide variety of jurisdictions in Europe and around the globe.

Sommario: 1. Osservazioni introduttive. -2. La disciplina del regolamento Bruxelles II-bis in materia di sottrazione internazionale dei minori: l'ambito di applicazione. -3. Segue: giurisdizione e riconoscimento delle decisioni. -4. Possibile interpretazione di alcune norme e procedimenti del regolamento Bruxelles II-bis sul modello della convenzione dell'Aja del 1980. -5. Influenza del regolamento Bruxelles II-bis sull'interpretazione delle norme della convenzione dell'Aja. -6. Effetti dell'interpretazione di alcuni istituti previsti dal regolamento Bruxelles II-bis nel diritto processuale civile europeo: i provvedimenti cautelari. -7. Osservazioni conclusive.

concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1347/2000 (OJ L 338, p. 1, as amended). 2 Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 of 25 June 2019 on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, and on international child abduction (OJ L 178, p. 1). 3 According to Recital 1: "The report concluded that Regulation (EC) No. 2201/2003 is a well-functioning instrument that has brought important benefits to citizens, but that the existing rules could be improved. A number of amendments are to be made to that Regulation. In the interests of clarity, that Regulation should be recast". 4 L. Carpaneto, La ricerca di una (nuova) sintesi tra interesse superiore del minore "in astratto" e "in concreto" nella riforma del regolamento Bruxelles II-bis, "Rivista di diritto internazionale privato e processuale" 2018/4, p. 974.

The author of this article, through the study of the joint EC sources of law, peruses the several
European regulations on judicial cooperation in civil matters. In the first part, the article illustrates the European
competence in civil matters having cross-border implications and deals with the EC regulation n.2201/2003, so
called Brussels II bis, regarding jurisdiction in civil matters relating to divorce, legal separation or marriage
annulment. Thereafter, the article reviews jurisdiction in other relevant EC regulations and compares the
different provisions. The article provides a framework to determine within which limits the European
regulations allow to bring, before the same court, matrimonial matters and related claims, such as maintenance
obligations and parental responsibility. The purpose of this article is to overcome the fragmentation of the
European provisions on jurisdiction, in order to find out if it is possible to bring the different claims before the
same court; in this way it could be possible for the parties to avoid several proceedings and obtain effective
access to justice.

The child’s habitual residence is becoming one of the most important jurisdictional criterions in the area of private international family law. The adoption as the primary basis of jurisdiction under the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (Brussels IIbis), confirms its significance. However even after one hundred years of its first use in the substantive law Hague Convention on Guardianship of 1902 still two things remain. First still it is considered as a factual concept and as a consequence, most of the legal sources that deal with the private international law haven’t provided for a definition. In recent years following the A (Case C-523/07)(2009) ECR I-2805 this position has changed because of the assumption that the ECJ reached for “…need for uniform application of Community law and from the principle of equality” and that the “terms of a provision of Community law which makes no express reference to the law of the Member States for the purpose of determining its meaning and scope must normally be given an autonomous and uniform interpretation throughout the European Community”.  Also in another case, Rinau  it was affirmed that the 1980 Hague Convention was adopted on the basis that the interests of children and that the guiding principles of the conventions are taken over, in matrimonial matters and matters of parental responsibility, by the Regulation.  In the Advocate General Kokott opinion delivered on 29 January on the “A” case, held the position which was rendered in the Rinau case and stated that “Both provisions pursue the aim that abducted children should return immediately to the State in which they had their habitual residence before the unlawful removal. That coordination also makes a uniform understanding of the concept of habitual residence necessary”.
This article provides for analysis of the practice of the Hague Conference of Private International Law and tries to give the insight of the thirty year of implementation of the 1980 Child Abduction Convention and the 1996 Child Protection Convention and the problems that have emerged from it. This will help in creating a uniform application of this jurisdictional criteria and a uniform understanding of the concept of habitual residence. Also this article gives comparative insight of a recent phenomenon that is happening in the national codifications of the Private International Law that is the emergence of definitions of the habitual residence.

Η ρύθμιση του άρθρου 215 § 2 ΚΠολΔ, σύμφωνα με την οποία, αν η αγωγή που στρέφεται κατά διαμένοντος στην αλλοδαπή δεν επιδοθεί μέσα σε 60 ημέρες από την κατάθεσή της, επιφέρει την κύρωση
του ανυπόστατου (μη ασκηθείσα αγωγή), απασχόλησε την επιστήμη τόσο πριν, όσο και μετά την έναρξη εφαρμογής του ν. 4335/2015.
Η θέση που επικρατεί στη θεωρία και τη δημοσιευμένη νομολογία τάσσεται υπέρ της αυστηρής γραμματικής ερμηνείας.

Παράλληλα όμως ασκείται έντονη κριτική στην ανωτέρω ερμηνεία, και προτείνονται σχετικά διάφορες κατασκευές διάσωσης της αγωγής. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό γίνεται επίκληση του Κανονισμού 1393/2007, για τις διασυνοριακές επιδόσεις στον ενωσιακό χώρο, και
για τη θέση που αυτός καταλαμβάνει στην εσωτερική μας έννομη τάξη.

Εκκινώντας από τη συνταγματικά αδιαμφισβήτητη αυξημένη τυπική ισχύ του κανονισμού, το παρόν μελέτημα θα προσεγγίσει την προβληματική κυρίως από τη σκοπιά του ευρωπαϊκού
νομοθετήματος, και θα αποπειραθεί να καταγράψει τις προβληματικές περιοχές συνύπαρξης της εγχώριας διάταξης με το κείμενο του κανονισμού, με βάση τη μέχρι σήμερα παραχθείσα νομολογία.

ΕφΘεσ 1292/2017
(Άρθρα 2 § 1, 23 Καν. 44/2001, 6, 31 Σ. Βιέννης)

ΕφΘεσ 1900/2017
(Άρθρο 624 § 2 ΚΠολΔ)

ΕφΘεσ 537/2018
(Άρθρα 14, 16, 18 ΑΚ, 3 § 1α’, 8 § 1 Καν. 2201/2003, 3 περ. α’ Καν. 4/2009)

ΕφΘεσ 1360/2018
(Άρθρα 3 § 1, 25 § 2 ΚΠολΔ, 3 § 1, 4 § 2 Συμβ. Ρώμης 1980, 321 ΑΚ)

ΕφΘεσ 1367/2018
(Άρθρα 14, 21 § 1, 22, 24 Καν. 1346/2000)

SOMMARIO: 1. L'art. 1, comma 10, lett. a) della legge delega e la consequenziale prevalenza dell'art. 46 sull'art. 41 della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell'uomo.-2. I precedenti tentativi del legislatore rimasti senza successo-3. La posizione della Corte costituzionale e il monito della Corte di Strasburgo nella sentenza Beg s.p.a c. Italia.-4. Presupposti applicativi del nuovo motivo di revocazione straordinaria alla luce della legge delega.-5 Segue: profili dinamici.

The paper thoroughly examines the rules on jurisdiction of the Property Regimes Regulations, analysing both the expected benefits as well as the existing and potential problems in the application of the new rules. The main accomplishment of the Property Regimes Regulations in the field of jurisdiction is that they established more coherence in the cross-border family law adjudication. Namely, they align the international jurisdiction regarding the couple’s property to that of the situation at the origin of the need to adjudicate on such property, i.e. separation of the couple or else the death of one of the spouses or partners. Such joinder of proceedings is the general rule in the Property Regimes Regulations and even mandatory when succession proceedings are pending. Questions
concerning property relations between spouses or registered partners must, however, sometimes be resolved without an underlying separation or succession proceedings and Property Regime Regulations also provide for the international jurisdiction of courts in such “independent” cases. The main connecting factor is then the common habitual residence of the spouses or registered partners, in line with the general tendency in EU Private International Law of enhancing the importance of the habitual residence, rather than of the nationality.