Electronic Commerce and E ­‐business

This study aimed to identify the role of the marketing mix electronic elements in the creation of competitive advantages of public commercial banks to make them distinct and unique from other banks site، especially after its entry into the era of technological revolution and Informatics. To achieve this، the researcher studied the relationship between the electronic elements of the marketing mix، and achieve competitive advantage، through a survey on public commercial banks in Latakia، and the research sample was/ 120 / unit. The researcher found that a relationship exists between each of the elements of the marketing mix elements (electronic product، electronic pricing، electronic promotion، electronic distribution، people، physical elements، the process of providing the service)، and promoting the competitiveness of banks under study. As the researcher of this study a set of proposals and recommendations that are expected to help banks in the study to achieve competitive advantage.

Актуальність дослідження обумовлена потребою у створенні високотехнологічних інструментів для оперативного аналізу динаміки соціальних настроїв у кризових умовах. Масштабна міграція, викликана повномасштабною війною, формує попит на нові підходи до прогнозування міграційних потоків, що базуються на аналізі реальних даних і поведінкових сигналів.

У роботі використано комплексну міждисциплінарну практику, що поєднує елементи оброблення природної мови, машинного навчання, аналізу великих даних та системної інтерпретації соціологічних і статистичних матеріалів.

Під час дослідження здійснено аналіз основних етапів роботи з соціальними даними для оцінки міграційних настроїв: від збору інформації із соціальних мереж, статистичних баз і новинних джерел до інтерпретації емоційного тону повідомлень та верифікації результатів з офіційною статистикою.

Застосовано інструменти машинного навчання, оброблення природної мови та багатовимірної статистики. Запропоновано методичні засади побудови прогнозних моделей, що містять: ідентифікацію релевантних чинників (економічна ситуація, безпека, демографія, освітні, інфраструктурні, кліматичні чинники, а також інформаційна насиченість середовища); побудову структури вхідних змінних; вибір алгоритму прогнозування; валідацію та оптимізацію моделі; сценарне прогнозування. Сформовано поетапний алгоритм впровадження інтелектуальних систем у процеси міграційного управління, що охоплює: аудит наявних даних, визначення пріоритетних напрямів аналітики, добір відповідних ШІ-інструментів, технічну інтеграцію в системи моніторингу, тестування моделей на пілотних територіях, підготовку фахівців та реалізацію повномасштабного запуску моделей для прийняття управлінських рішень на основі даних. Запропоновані практики виявляють ефективність застосування інтелектуальних систем для своєчасного виявлення змін у міграційних настроях та прогнозування потенційних хвиль переміщення населення. Визначено, що використання ШI-моделей дає змогу суттєво підвищити точність оцінки соціальних процесів та забезпечити ухвалення адаптивних управлінських рішень на основі реальних даних.

Практична значущість роботи полягає у можливості використання розробленої методики органами публічного управління для вдосконалення системи моніторингу міграційних процесів, зниження демографічних ризиків та підвищення ефективності реалізації міграційної політики в умовах цифрової трансформації.

Ключові слова: міграційні настрої, державне управління, аналітика даних, міграційна політика.

СТРАТЕГІЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ: АЛГОРИТМ ФОРМУВАННЯ Анотація. Мета роботи полягає в аналізі та осмисленні феномену "стратегії національної безпеки" в контексті публічного управління, а також у дослідженні алгоритму її формування. Стаття акцентує увагу на концепції безпеки як процесі захисту від внутрішніх та зовнішніх загроз. Дослідження зосереджується на аналізі основних аспектів формування системи національної безпеки та визначенні механізмів забезпечення захисту національних інтересів. Методологія дослідження базується на комплексному аналізі наукових праць вітчизняних і зарубіжних дослідників, які розглядають проблематику національної безпеки в контексті публічного управління. Для досягнення мети використовувалися загальнонаукові методи, такі як аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, порівняння, а також системний підхід до дослідження структури та функціонування системи національної безпеки. Наукова новизна полягає у висвітленні різниці між поняттями національної та державної безпеки, акцентуючи увагу на ключовій ролі політичного суб'єкта у формуванні та реалізації стратегії безпеки. Новизна також міститься у виокремленні основних етапів і складових процесу формування національної безпеки. Визначено роль національної безпеки як процесу забезпечення існування держави та політичної нації у просторі та часі. Особлива увага приділяється питанням розширеної безпеки, що включає не лише військові, але й економічні, політичні та соціальні аспекти. У висновках зазначено, що стратегія національної безпеки є частиною загальної стратегії держави, яка включає геополітичні та геоекономічні компоненти. Для ефективної реалізації національної безпеки необхідно постійно адаптувати стратегії до нових загроз і ризиків. Стратегія національної безпеки є невід'ємною частиною державної політики, що повинна враховувати не лише силові, але й інші фактори. Національна безпека є комплексною категорією, яка включає військові, політичні, економічні та соціальні аспекти. Ключові слова: національна безпека, стратегічне планування, розширена безпека, стратегій національної безпеки, загрози, ризики.

This Paper aims to review IT adoption literature to gain insights on E-Commerce adoption in Egypt, while focusing on various impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on E-Commerce and related e-services considering these impacts in Egypt. IT adoption literature was reviewed concerning E-Commerce adoption levels highlighting evidence from Egypt. Impact of COVID-19 on economy, e-commerce and related e-services was reviewed both on seller and consumer side. Impact of COVID-19 on e-commerce and related e-services in Egypt was then reviewed. Actions taken by Egyptian government in this essence in response to COVID-19 was addressed. Finally, recommendations to leverage e-commerce during COVID-19 crisis and beyond are addressed.

The rise of cross-border e-commerce and digital trade has positioned digital signatures as a cornerstone of modern contractual relationships. While national regimes have matured through the adoption of legislation like the EU’s eIDAS Regulation, the U.S. ESIGN Act, and the Indian Information Technology Act, the international legal framework remains fragmented. This paper examines the technological and legal dimensions of digital signatures, compares leading regulatory frameworks, and identifies critical gaps in their recognition under international business law. The analysis reveals that the absence of harmonized standards and mutual recognition treaties hinders enforceability in cross-border commercial contracts. It concludes with policy recommendations to close these gaps, advocating for updated UNCITRAL instruments, global PKI interoperability, and integration of digital signature norms with data protection and cybersecurity frameworks.

In the last two decades, thousands of advanced process controls are installed in production plants. The motivation for upgrading these systems through the World Wide Web offers opportunities for design and analysis of systems that can be operated remotely with the huge security and stability. In the last decade, web-based laboratories in real time play an important role in technical education. Pilot research paper represents a practical solution that allows through equipment that is relatively low cost to get quality monitoring and management systems at a distance. The basic idea is to use existing technologies available that are free to use and combined them with new solutions in this paper to make a managed system that works flawlessly. The solutions described are characterized by short response time at any moment and under any conditions. For example is taken realizing the monitoring and control of the fermentation process in existing winery. This pilot winery is operated remotel...

Advancement in internet infrastructure has aided the rise of online businesses called electronic commerce (e-commerce). However, the security of e-commerce has assumed heightened dimensions in recent times as news of security threats on popular websites abounds in literature and the media. This study seeks to investigate e-commerce security and use among personnel of federal ministries and agencies in Ibadan, Oyo State and provide answers to three research questions. Survey design was adopted and data were collected using a questionnaire. The study employed stratified random sampling technique to select the ministries and agencies, while convenience sampling technique was used to select 262 respondents. Data were analysed with SPSS version 26 using descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation. The findings revealed that both the frequency of use and perception of e-commerce among personnel in federal ministries and agencies in Ibadan, Oyo State, are moderately high. There exists a significant positive relationship between e-commerce security and the use of e-commerce among personnel in federal ministries and agencies in Ibadan. Among others, it was recommended that e-commerce vendors should endeavour to take the security of their platform seriously and invest in it.

Premised on the assertion that financial digitalization is currently the panacea and game-changer in delivering progress in emerging economies through universal financial inclusion, the purpose of this paper is to establish the effect of transaction tax in Ghana. The paper argues that developing economies, especially Ghana should participate and continue to engage with citizens to deal with the challenges of the digital economy. In Ghana, electronic transactions pose a threat to the government as sellers sell goods and services without having a significant physical presence and also do not correspond to the existing threshold under current tax rules. The paper found that transaction tax exemptions on digital financial innovations such as mobile money services can stimulate economic growth through an increased level of financial inclusion labelled as the main enabler for digital services. Ghanaians have mixed perceptions concerning the electronic transaction tax (e-levy). The study gave recommendations based on the findings.

The rise of click-wrap e-contracts, initiated by invitations to treat, has revolutionized commercial transactions in Nigeria. Despite their growing prevalence, the identification of their essential legal elements remains a complex task due to the inherent nature of these contracts and the existing gaps in Nigerian legislation concerning the use of IT and ICT tools in commerce. This paper delves into the intricacies of click-wrap agreements, comparing them with traditional contracts and highlighting the challenges in defining their legal framework. By drawing on practical examples and the legal literature of other common law jurisdictions, this study aims to elucidate the fundamental components of click-wrap econtracts. It further advocates for the enactment of comprehensive legislation to regulate electronic transactions, ensuring clarity and legal certainty in the realm of digital commerce.

The e-commerce over the past decade has experienced remarkable growth, reshaping shopping habits and challenging traditional supply chain methods. This surge in online shopping has compelled e-commerce firms to enhance their warehousing and order fulfilment strategies to meet rising consumer expectations for swift deliveries and hassle-free returns. Effective management of order fulfilment and reverse logistics has become essential for competitiveness in this industry. This study investigates e-commerce warehousing dynamics, emphasizing the optimization of order speed, delivery times, operational costs, and return management. Through industry reports, academic literature, and case studies, we identify best practices in five key areas: warehouse design and automation, demand forecasting, inventory control, order picking and packing processes, transportation strategies, last-mile delivery models, and reverse logistics for returns. Our research underscores the significance of highly automated warehouses equipped with advanced technologies such as robotics, automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS), automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and intelligent software for material flow management. These innovations empower e-commerce firms to boost throughput, enhance operational flexibility, and adapt to changing demands effectively.

The retail industry has experienced major alter with the fast development of e-commerce, which has driven to request for warehousing and coordinations capacities. To meet consumers' developing desires for quick, dependable and cost-effective conveyance, e-commerce companies confront expanding weight to optimize their stock methodology and keep up a competitive advantage. The reason of this comprehensive audit is to look at the current state of e-commerce optimization investigate with a centre on recognizing viable techniques to progress productivity, efficiency, and client fulfilment. The presentation places the subject within the broader setting of the online retail industry and highlights the interesting challenges online retailers confront in overseeing their stock and conveyance operations. This highlights the significance of optimizing these basic capacities to meet the changing requests of the advanced advertise, characterized by shorter arrange and conveyance cycles, expanded client expectations and they require for consistent multi-channel integration. The primary part of the paper presents the hypothetical systems that were utilized within the online store optimization study. It investigates the commitments of coordinations administration hypothesis; operations inquire about and supply chain administration to supply a conceptual premise for understanding the complex and interconnected nature of warehousing in an e-commerce environment. Essential concepts such as stockroom administration, stock arrangement and arranging, arrange picking and pressing, and transportation optimization are altogether surveyed, emphasizing their interrelationship and they require for all encompassing, systems-oriented choice making. Another area synthesizes observational discoveries on different techniques and best hones for making strides e-commerce stockroom operations.

This paper analyzes the impact of multiple variables on the loyalty of consumers in the e-commerce market. The e-commerce industry thrives as the act of buying is digitalized and more and more shops change their company into online shopping. In the e-commerce industry, the intricacies of the enterprise rely on a multitude of factors, and we have studied the impacts of several on each other Methodology: The sample size was 107 as suggested by the researcher (Roscoe 1975). While choose the sample of study, random sampling technique was selected to get the subjected information from e-commerce industry. The collected data is analyzed through PLS-SEM (Partial least square structuring equation modeling) Findings: Much of the business in the ecommerce sector depends on the actions and preferences of the customer. That being said, the following encircles a customer's satisfaction as the main factor, across which multiple hypothesis are made and later on proved as well using different software and research techniques. Other factors are ecommerce security and expectations. Conclusion: A newly introduced independent construct customer expectation as an antecedent of customer satisfaction in e-security is strongly associated with the customer satisfaction of and customer loyalty in context of e-Commerce industry of Pakistan. There are a range of shortcomings that leave some gray ground for more analysis of it. At the end of the study, these shortcomings are identified and all the modifications are also suggested.

13 14 a Benchmarking is used by decision makers in devising ICT policies. a Current benchmarking and e-Government ranking tools have limitations. a We assessed 15 strengths and limitations of six frameworks for computing e-Government index. a Frameworks that include all features and functionality of e-Government sites 16 are preferred.

The rapid growth of E-Commerce initiatives in the world reflects its compelling advantages, such as enhanced governmental performance, lower cost structure, greater flexibility, broader scale and scope of services, greater transparency, accountability, and faster transactions. This study aims to determine the connection and effects that attitudes have on e-commerce is paramount to developing e-commerce. In developing countries, IT and communication or rather e-commerce growth are substantial. Technology effectiveness is essential in E-Commerce success. However, human, economic, and other organizational issues must be taken into account as well. In this study, we evaluated the current status of E-Commerce in developing countries. The evaluation of current status reveals opportunities that should be seriously tackled by organizations, if they are to survive the consequences of globalization and open markets. There should be an immediate implementation of a governmental infrastructure ...

This study investigates the effect of digital financial literacy (DFL) on the liquidity of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. Digital financial literacy, encompassing digital payment usage, financial planning, knowledge, behavior and skills, is considered vital in enhancing SMEs' access to digital financial platforms, cash flow management, and operational sustainability. Despite Nigeria's digital transformation policies and fintech expansion, many SMEs continue to face liquidity challenges due to limited digital literacy. The study employed an ex post facto research design with quarterly time-series data from 2020 to 2024. Using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and the Toda-Yamamoto causality test, findings revealed that digital payment usage positively and significantly influences SME liquidity. However, other dimensions of DFL financial planning, knowledge, behavior and skills did not exhibit statistically significant long-term or causal relationships with liquidity. The study concludes that while digital engagement is increasing, its translation into liquidity gains remains limited by digital skill gaps, behavioral inertia and contextual constraints such as infrastructure deficits. Recommendations include targeted digital financial education, fintech accessibility reforms, and integration of liquidity-focused modules into digital training programs. The study contributes to literature by introducing a multidimensional DFL construct and offers policy insights into enhancing SME liquidity through digital inclusion. Limitations include the exclusion of informal SMEs and potential underreporting in behavioral constructs..

This paper shows how image content can be used to realize a shopping recommender system for intuitively supporting mobile users in decision making. A mobile user equipped with a camera enabled smart phone combined with Global Positioning System (GPS) capabilities would benefit in using a recommender system for mobile users. This recommender system is queried by image sent by a smart phone together with the smart phone's GPS coordinates then the system returns a recommended retail shop together with its GPS coordinates, the image similar to the query image and other items on special offer. This recommender system shows a drastic reduction if not elimination of usage of text by mobile users using mobile devices when accessing the system. This paper presents the proposed recommender system and the simulated results of the recommender system. In summary the main contribution of this paper is to show how image retrieval, image content and camera enabled smart mobile device with GPS capabilities can be used to realize a location-based shopping recommender system for mobile users.

In biological data analysis sequences discovered in laboratory experiments are not properly identified. Biologists attempt to group genes based on the temporal pattern of their expression levels. Clustering algorithms could provide a structure to the data. Hard clustering methods such as K-means or Hierarchical clustering assign each gene to a single cluster, whereas in fuzzy clustering methods a gene possesses varying degrees of membership with more than one cluster. Performances of both type of clustering algorithms are analyzed in this paper.

This systematic review examines the role of web computing technologies, cloud technologies, web integration, and automation in transforming e-commerce. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework, 345 articles were identified, with 55 meetings the inclusion criteria for analysis. Studies included were peer-reviewed, published between 2019 and 2024, and focused on empirical applications of web computing in e-commerce. Articles were excluded if they lacked relevance, empirical data, or methodological rigor. The findings highlight the pivotal role of cloud technologies in enhancing scalability and reducing operational costs, with hybrid systems providing secure and adaptable storage solutions. Web integration, facilitated by APIs and middleware, ensures seamless customer experiences and efficient logistics and payment systems coordination. Automation technologies, including robotic process automation (RPA) and AI-driven chatbots, significantly streamline workflows, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce human error. However, challenges such as high implementation costs and cybersecurity risks persist, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This review highlights the transformative potential of web computing technologies in advancing e-commerce while addressing critical barriers to adoption. The findings provide actionable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry leaders to optimize the use of these technologies and promote sustainable growth in the e-commerce sector.

Cooperatives play a vital role in fostering inclusive economic growth and social well-being by emphasizing collective benefit over profit. However, their financial sustainability is increasingly challenged by volatile economic conditions, outdated operational systems, client-relationship issues, regulatory complexities, and evolving market dynamics. This study investigates the financial management challenges confronting cooperatives in the Philippines, as governed by R.A. 9520, and explores how these factors impact their resilience and long-term viability. Findings reveal that although most cooperatives are well-established and financially sound-83% being highly capitalized and 85% operating for over a decade-they face moderate but persistent challenges, particularly in economic downturns. Portfolio Quality was the most affected area due to rising loan defaults and weak credit evaluation practices. Despite these issues, cooperatives demonstrate strong mitigation capacities, especially through improved credit monitoring, financial literacy programs, and adaptive risk planning. The study concludes that while cooperatives remain resilient, further investments in innovation, governance, and member education are essential to sustain their performance. Recommendations include enhancing credit systems, adopting digital innovations, and expanding financial education to strengthen cooperative capacity and ensure long-term sustainability amid shifting economic landscapes.

This is my final work for my degree in Advertising at the University of Aconcagua, it's an advertising campaign for an on-line search platform for products and offers in supermarkets websites.
It was the first one related to web platforms and how to promote a project of this kind.

The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship among the m-consumers' personality traits, m-communication, m-distribution, and m-accessibility utilities, as well as their willingness to m-shop. This study found that m-communication and m-accessibility utilities were key factors in predicting willingness to m-shop. Our findings demonstrated that more extraverted, more agreeable, and less neurotic m-consumers were likely to perceive high levels of m-communication utility. More conscientious m-consumers were likely to perceive high levels of m-distribution utility and low levels of m-accessibility utility. In addition, this study identified that consumers who were more open to experience, more extraverted, and less conscientious were likely to have high levels of willingness to m-shop. Managerial implications and recommendations for future research were presented.

Despite the topic popularity, social media research is still limited, and focuses largely on the role of consumer-to-consumer (C2C) and business-to-consumer (B2C) domains. In many parts, the B2C social media practices are not directly useful for inter-organizational and B2B purposes. Main aim of this paper is to help to understand the current application areas of social media especially in external B2B transactions. This is carried out by an extensive survey to companies representing the technology industry, which are operating purely in B2B markets, having only other companies as customers. We wanted to understand how industrial B2B companies currently apply social media in their own inter-organizational applications, which types of potential they see in social media in this context, and what kind of support they experience their companies to need for better adopting social media together with their customers and partners. A population of 2488 Finnish decision-makers were observed ...

In the paradigm of open innovation it is recognized that valuable innovation-related knowledge is being increasingly widely distributed to various actors, organizations and communities. Social media can provide novel and useful ways of interacting and collaborating in innovation, likewise for creating new information and knowledge about customers for innovations. These have not so far been much investigated because of the novelty of social media concepts and approaches. Furthermore, the opportunities of social media are not yet well understood in the contexts of innovation and customer interaction, and importantly, while the business-to-consumer sector standpoint has been more researched and understood, the business-to-business sector standpoint has been very little studied in the above contexts. With the help of a literature review and a survey in Finnish companies, we studied the current situation regarding the opportunities of social media in facilitating customer interaction in the innovation process.

Vender online se ha vuelto algo súper importante hoy en día, y en 2025, la cosa no va a cambiar. Si tienes un negocio y quieres que funcione bien en internet, necesitas saber qué hacer. No es solo poner tus productos y ya, hay que pensar en cómo la gente te encuentra, cómo les gusta comprar y cómo haces que vuelvan. Este artículo te va a dar algunos trucos y consejos para que tu tienda online destaque y vendas mucho más. Puntos Clave  Si mejoras tu página para los buscadores, más gente te va a encontrar.  Las redes sociales son muy útiles para mostrar lo que vendes y conectar con clientes.  Ofrecer varias formas de pago hace que sea más fácil para la gente comprarte.  Un diseño web simple y bonito ayuda a que la gente se sienta cómoda en tu tienda.  Mirar los datos de ventas te permite saber qué funciona y qué no, para mejorar siempre. Estrategias De Marketing Digital Para Vender Online El marketing digital es fundamental para vender online con éxito en 2025. Una estrategia bien definida puede marcar la diferencia entre el éxito y el fracaso. No basta con tener un buen producto; hay que saber cómo llegar a los clientes potenciales.

The purpose of this article is to present the results of a pilot study in which the new instrument was developed and tested to measure the formation of entrepreneurial intentions in multi-country context. The developed instrument was largely based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen (1991). In the pilot study, the authors were also paying attention to two issues, namely (i) whether the level of entrepreneurial intentions varies as a function of country of origin, (ii) whether the relative importance of the three antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions varies as a function of country of origin, and (iii) whether the background variables exercise similar effects on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions in different countries. The empirical context of the pilot study is made of two higher education institutions (one in Finland, one in Spain) and concerns their first-year students at undergraduate programs. In the end of this paper, the authors will discuss the implications...

Internet usage has experienced an exponential increase in the last ten years. This increase has provided opportunity for other enterprises that depend on it to develop and flourish as well. One such opportunity is Ecommerce. E-commerce is increasing at a very fast pace and with the rise of popularity in E-Commerce, Recommendation has become equally crucial as well. Recommendation is providing appropriate suggestions to the user based on his/her interest and requirement. Recommendations to users can be provided on price, living area, wish listed items, cart items, searched items and previously purchased items. Recommendation systems enhance user experience, increase sales and improve user's participation. Our suggested recommendation system will suggest products for both new users and regular users. This recommendation system applies model based collaborative filtering and recommends items based on rating and purchase history of previous old users. Even new users will receive recommendations of new products, trending products and sale products. Existing users will receive recommendations based on recently viewed items, complementary items, etc. As we are establishing a new online shopping website, at first, there are no ratings by users for various products, and in this situation, recommendations are generated from textual clustering analysis of product description. Model based Collaborative Filtering and Textual Clustering will assist us in high accuracy as well as targeting every category of users. E Commerce is becoming more popular and the recommendation system coupled with E Commerce is like icing on the cake.

Introduction: Life expectancy reflects the cumulative impact of economic performance, social stability, and public health interventions. Jamaica, a middle-income Caribbean nation, has recorded only modest gains in longevity since the 1970s despite marked fluctuations in output, prices, and crime rates. Understanding which macro-social factors translate into extra years of life is, therefore, a priority for evidence-based policy. Objectives: This study (i) measures the short-run influence of gross domestic product (GDP) per Capita, inflation, unemployment, homicide, and suicide rates on national life expectancy; (ii) benchmarks those effects against the contribution of infant mortality reductions; and (iii) identifies the most parsimonious forecasting specification for 1973-2024. Methods and materials: Annual series were compiled from the World Bank, Jamaica's Statistical Institute, and the WHO mortality databases. After ensuring stationarity through the first differencing or log transformation, autoregressive integrated moving-average models with exogenous regressors (ARIMAX) were estimated. Model selection employed the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and sequential pruning of non-significant covariates (p < 0.05). Diagnostic checks included Ljung-Box Q tests and Jarque-Bera normality tests of standardised residuals. Findings: The full ARIMAX(1,1,1) model, containing six predictors, yielded an AIC of 80.2, with the infant mortality rate as the only statistically significant driver (β =-0.30 ± 0.10; z =-2.88; p = 0.004). Removing this single covariate and re-estimating an ARIMAX with GDP, inflation, unemployment, suicide, and homicide produced no significant coefficients and a degraded fit (AIC = 96.4). A pure ARIMA (1,1,1) without exogenous variables marginally outperformed the macro-only model (AIC = 94.7) but explained variance exclusively through past life-expectancy dynamics (AR =-1.37, MA = 1.08; both p < 0.001).

The Obra Graphia project developed a web-based platform designed to exhibit student artworks while advancing a socially-driven mission-providing financial assistance to underprivileged scholars. This system addresses key challenges faced by traditional art galleries, such as limited audience reach, spatial constraints, and resource management, by incorporating modern web technologies for intuitive navigation, personalized recommendations, and efficient inventory control. All submissions undergo administrative review prior to exhibition, ensuring quality and relevance. The system was developed using the Agile methodology, with testing results indicating high reliability-achieving an average of 95.5% in functional tests and 85% in non-functional evaluations. The project exemplifies how art and digital innovation can converge to drive meaningful social change and broaden access to local creative expression.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has ushered in an era where Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Big Data Analytics are pivotal in reshaping business landscapes globally. In Uganda, the rapid adoption of ICT presents both challenges and significant opportunities for businesses to enhance decision-making, improve operational efficiencies, and foster innovation. Despite these opportunities, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited digital literacy, and high implementation costs remain significant barriers, particularly for small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs).

Understanding soil properties under different land use types will help to create effective land management plans and predict the probable impacts on soil properties of any future changes in land use types. Therefore, the study of soil properties variations crosswise land-use types will have inferences for planning proper soil management strategies and environmental sustainability policy development. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of land use types on soil properties in the Asabla watershed, northwest Ethiopia. To determine the effect of land use types on soil properties, a total of 24 disturbed composite soil samples were collected from four land use types (natural forest, plantation forest, cultivated land and grazing land) at two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm), and three replications. Additionally, to determine bulk density and moisture content, 24 undisturbed soil samples were collected. FAO standard soil analytical procedure was used in carrying out soil properties analysis. The result revealed that except Silt, C:N, Na+ and CEC all other soil physicochemical properties varied significantly (p < .05) across land use types and soil depth. Among the soil properties, higher sand (19%), clay (58.33%), Bd (1.41 g/cm3), MC (32.88%), pH (5.49), soil OC (4.03%), total nitrogen TN (0.27%), available phosphorus AvP (4.66 mg/kg), exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na) (20.22, 4.06, 0.74 and 1.08 cmolckg−1, respectively) and CEC (39.12 cmolckg−1) were verified in the natural forest land use type compared to other land use types. Correspondingly, soil pH, clay, soil bulk density Bd and soil exchangeable bases increased as the soil depth increase across all land use types. The highest value of soil physicochemical properties observed under natural forest land use type could be associated with the continues return litters, less disturbance and low probable of erosion while the lowest value under cultivated and plantation forest land use types could be because of the removal of crop residues, huge uptake of nutrients and soil exposure to erosion. The study highlights significant disparities in soil physical and chemical properties across different land use types, with natural forests exhibiting the best soil conditions, while eucalyptus plantations and cultivated lands show notable degradation. These variations are largely attributed to the conversion of natural forests to other land uses has led to the deterioration of soil quality, posing risks to agricultural productivity, soil fertility and environmental sustainability. Therefore, integrated soil management strategies, such as the return of crop residues, the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers and soil amendments like liming, regulating eucalyptus plantation expansion and implementing soil and water conservation measures, are critical for mitigating variation in soil properties, improving climate resilience, ensuring long-term food security and ecological sustainability in the study area and similar regions of the Ethiopian highlands.

The present study explored the most important issues affecting mobile transactions on the Jumia online market platform in Kenya. Descriptive research design, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), identified four important thematic components affecting mobile ecommerce usage: (1) security and fraud weaknesses, (2) regulatory and policy gaps, (3) user and adoption barriers, and (4) data protection and privacy concerns. The PCA analysis revealed that the most critical threats were cyber-attacks by means of phishing, identity theft, and inferior authentication systems (PC1), followed by sporadic policy implementation and cyber-security laws (PC2). Digital illiteracy, system perceived complexity, and infrastructure shortfall deterred user adoption (PC3), and distrust related to treatment of personal data was revealed to be a critical problem (PC4). These results suggest that an open, safe, and regulated digital environment is necessary for improving the trust of the consumers as well as mobile-based transactions. The paper concludes with pragmatic recommendations to the users and e-commerce websites such as using multi-layered authentication, sensitizing consumers to cyber hygiene, and regulatory amendments for strengthening consumer protection and privacy in data-related matters.

This paper shows how image content can be used to realize a shopping recommender system for intuitively supporting mobile users in decision making. A mobile user equipped with a camera enabled smart phone combined with Global Positioning System (GPS) capabilities would benefit in using a recommender system for mobile users. This recommender system is queried by image sent by a smart phone together with the smart phone's GPS coordinates then the system returns a recommended retail shop together with its GPS coordinates, the image similar to the query image and other items on special offer. This recommender system shows a drastic reduction if not elimination of usage of text by mobile users using mobile devices when accessing the system. This paper presents the proposed recommender system and the simulated results of the recommender system. In summary the main contribution of this paper is to show how image retrieval, image content and camera enabled smart mobile device with GPS capabilities can be used to realize a location-based shopping recommender system for mobile users.

The development of technology at the present time leads to an increase in the use of electronic commerce due to the increase in demand processes, whether selling or buying goods, products, services, or payment requests, and that the transfer of information the merchants is sensitive and important information, and this information or operations may be subject to penetration or attacks. In this research, we designed a protocol that integrates the Fernet algorithm and the ElGamal algorithm, and we use the Data Leakage Detection Technology (DLD) to safeguard e-commerce transaction data. This protocol provid high security for information, and the integration of algorithms provides high security and strong performance for information transactions that are difficult to hack. We incorporate encryption algorithms to achieve a high level of security and performance. The proposed protocol is higher in security and performance than the algorithms of previous studies.

Abstract - Food waste constitutes a significant global challenge with profound economic, environmental, and social ramifications. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reports that almost one-third of all food produced, totaling 1.3 billion tons, is wasted each year, resulting in substantial financial losses estimated at $940 billion yearly and worsening food poverty (FAO, 2019). The environmental impact is worrisome, with food waste contributing around 8–10% of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP, 2021). In the age of digital transformation, e-commerce and digital platforms present a viable opportunity to reduce food waste via technical advancements, enhanced supply chains, and consumer interaction methods.

This study examines the impact of e-commerce on reducing food waste through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain technology, and the Internet of Things (IoT). AI-driven demand forecasting and predictive analytics allow online retailers to enhance inventory management, consequently minimizing overstock and unsold perishables (Accorsi et al., 2020). Blockchain technology improves transparency and traceability in supply chains, facilitating real-time tracking of food goods from farm to consumer, hence minimizing spoiling (Kamilaris et al., 2019). IoT-enabled smart packaging enhances the shelf life of perishable items by monitoring storage conditions and delivering automated freshness notifications (Gustavsson et al., 2022).

In addition to technological progress, e-commerce enables novel business models that aid in the reduction of food waste. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) and farm-to-table platforms eradicate inefficiencies in conventional distribution routes, hence decreasing transit time and minimizing spoilage (Xu & Liu, 2021). Surplus food marketplaces and rescue platforms allow enterprises to sell surplus or near-expiration products at reduced costs, preventing edible food from being discarded and improving affordability for customers (Ciulli et al., 2020). AI-driven dynamic pricing solutions enhance inventory turnover by modifying prices according to demand patterns, expiration dates, and supply variations (Khan et al., 2023).

Policy frameworks and regulatory incentives are essential in promoting a food waste-aware e-commerce environment. Global governments are enacting regulations that promote food donation, provide financial incentives for firms that decrease waste, and standardize expiration date labeling to limit the wasteful disposal of edible food (Parfitt et al., 2020). Public-private partnerships have augmented these initiatives, fostering sustainable corporate practices and ethical consumer conduct in the digital economy.

This research highlights the revolutionary capacity of e-commerce in mitigating food waste through the integration of technical solutions, innovative business models, and legislative initiatives. Nonetheless, obstacles including logistical limitations, consumer awareness, and regulatory adherence must be confronted to optimize efficiency. The results indicate that digital transformation within the food supply chain can improve operational efficiency, generate cost savings, and support global sustainability objectives.

Millions of people still suffer from hunger and malnutrition, thus food security remains a major issue even if Africa has great agricultural potential. Weak and ineffective food supply chains, inadequate infrastructure, climate change, and large postharvest losses help to explain some of the continuation of food poverty. Many times, farmers find it difficult to get their goods to markets on time; occasionally, inadequate storage causes waste and spoiling. This paper explores how more robust and efficient food supply networks might assist to better ensure increased food availability and access across Africa, hence overcoming these problems. Scholarly papers and case studies as well as trustworthy sources such Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2021) and World Bank (2020) are included in this paper. It looks at doable fixes including better rural roads, building of cold storage facilities, and greater market interactions for farmers. Particularly the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the goal of regional trade agreements is especially underlined as a means to lower trade obstacles and streamline the flow of food across borders. Our research on focused investments in modern transportation systems, climate-resilient technologies, and cold chain infrastructure shows that they could greatly lower food losses and offer supply line dependability. Though financing and farmer education have issues that have to be addressed, inexpensively priced technologies like hermetic storage bags, solar-powered cooling units, and community-based warehouses are also listed as important tools. The report also underlines how government, corporate investor, farmer group, and development partner cooperation help to increase food security. Policies supporting smallholder farmers, invention stimulation, and financial access enhancement may assist food systems to be more resilient and inclusive.

The management of food waste has become a critical challenge in urban areas, encompassing environmental, socioeconomic , and governance concerns. The increasing volume of food waste produced in cities is significantly influenced by rapid urbanization, inefficient supply chains, and changing consumption patterns (FAO, 2019). This paper critically examines the current challenges and sustainable solutions associated with food waste management in urban environments, with a particular emphasis on systemic inefficiencies that exacerbate environmental degradation and economic losses. The study identifies principal barriers, such as inadequate infrastructure, low public awareness, poor waste segregation at source, and insufficient regulatory frameworks, through a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, case studies, and policy documents (Gustavsson et al., 2011; Aschemann-Witzel et al., 2015). The results indicate that numerous urban centers, particularly those in developing countries, are devoid of effective sourcelevel segregation mechanisms, which impede the potential for recycling and decomposition (Adewumi et al., 2020). In addition, the necessity for targeted education and behavior change strategies is underscored by the significant role of consumer behavior, which is influenced by socio-cultural and psychological factors, in household-level food wastage (Papargyropoulou et al., 2014). The paper suggests a variety of sustainable solutions to address these multifaceted challenges, including the establishment of food redistribution networks, such as food banks and surplus-sharing platforms, which have been successful in reducing both waste and food insecurity in cities such as London and New York (Mourad, 2016). Additionally, the paper suggests the adoption of circular economy approaches, such as composting and anaerobic digestion, to convert food waste into renewable energy and bio-fertilizers, as effectively implemented in cities such as Stockholm and Seoul (Jensen et al., 2017; Song et al., 2015). By emphasizing the necessity of integrated collaboration among governments, private sectors, and communities to cultivate sustainable urban ecosystems, this study concludes by advocating for the alignment of urban food waste management strategies with Sustainable Development Goal 12, which promotes responsible consumption and production.

The study aimed to identify the awareness of secondary school teachers about the dangers of digital and technological addiction to their students, and to achieve the goals of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was followed by developing a questionnaire and distributing it to a sample of (150) teachers in government secondary schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education For the second Zarqa area. The researcher built the study tool consists of (35) paragraphs, divided into the following areas: The first dimension is health risks, and it consists of (7) paragraphs, the second dimension is social risk, and it consists of (6) paragraphs, and the third dimension is Ethical risks, and it consists of (6) paragraphs, the fourth dimension is security risks, and it consists of (10) paragraphs, and the fifth dimension is academic risks, and it consists of (6) paragraphs, after conducting the statistical analysis using the SPSS program, it was found that there is an average degree of awareness among secondary school teachers in Jordan about the dangers of digital and technological addiction to their students, and the results also showed that there is no difference in the degree of awareness of the teachers of Secondary school with the dangers of digital and technological addiction to their students depending on personality changes.

The core of the business model for insurance brokerage companies is commissions. Brokers often receive a percentage of the client premium. This commission-based structure may have an impact on broker conduct, which may have an effect on the recommended policy types and the clients targeted. It is a tough endeavor to balance the financial incentive with moral considerations and client wellbeing. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of insurance commission on the performance of insurance brokerage firms in Nigeria for non-life insurance covers. The specific objectives are to identify the firm-specific factors that determines the insurance brokerage firms' profitability in Nigeria and the effect of earned commission on the profitability of insurance brokerage firms' in Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design and the population of the study is 398 registered insurance brokers in Nigeria. The sample size was 200 using simple random sampling. Questionnaire was used to collect the data and the data was analyzed using regression analysis The study revealed that the amount of premium paid by the insured affects profitability of insurance brokerage firms in Nigeria. The study concludes that there is a positive relationship between profitability and size of insurance brokerages as measured by market share. The study thus Issue 4/2024 167 recommends that in order for insurance brokerage firms to increase their profitability there is need for them to increase their market share.

The aim of this study is to present a new model for customer satisfaction and trust with the mobile banking services. We employ DeLone and McLean model of Information Systems success to develop our model. The model included three main factors, information quality, service quality and system quality, of DeLone and McLean model and investigated the impact of these factors on customer trust and satisfaction. The data is collected by the use of  5 point Likert scale survey questions from the customers of City Bank in Iran. The data was analysed by structural equations modelling in SmartPLS software. The results of this study show that trust in mobile banking has a positive impact on the customer satisfaction. In assessing the system quality and the information quality with the mobile banking, it was determined that system quality and information quality have positive effects on the customer trust and satisfaction. The results also demonstrated that there is no significant relationships ...

This study examined the role of e-commerce in facilitating international trade in Africa with a focus on individual businesses in Ghana. The important aspects in which the examination was done were on the current state of e-commerce in Ghana, factors that influence the choice of e-commerce platforms by individual Ghanaian business owners engaged in international trade, and challenges faced by individual business owners in adopting e-commerce for international trade. The study adopted the quantitative approach to research whereby a survey with the help of questionnaires was used to gather primary data from small business owners and individuals who use several e-commerce platforms for their business transactions. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis. The study found that individual business owners use both local and foreign e-commerce platforms to buy different varieties of products. Concerning the local platforms, the predominantly used platform is Tonaton, followed by Jumia, Melcom Ghana, and Jiji. Also for the foreign e-commerce platforms, the predominantly used platform is Alibaba, followed by Amazon, Aliexpress, and eBay. The majority of the individual business owners buy products from these e-commerce platforms monthly and mostly use mobile phones to buy the products. The study revealed that majority of the business owners look out for reliable platforms, followed by platforms that are secured from scams, credible platforms, platforms that are designed to give customer satisfaction, and platforms that are easy to navigate. Moreover, the major challenge of most individual business owners is associated with fraudulent online shops, followed by delays in transaction activities, poor internet networks to access e-commerce platforms, high online transaction costs, and theft of ordered items or products.

This paper discusses the sustainability impact (contribution to sustainability, reduction of adverse environmental impacts) of online second-hand trading. A survey of eBay users shows that a relationship between the trading of used goods and the protection of natural resources is hardly realized. Secondly, the environmental motivation and the willingness to act in a sustainable manner differ widely between groups of consumers. Given these results from a user perspective, the paper tries to find some objective hints of online second-hand trading's environmental impact. The greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the energy used for the trading transactions seem to be considerably lower than the emissions due to the (avoided) production of new goods. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for second-hand trade and consumer policy. Information about the sustainability benefits of purchasing second-hand goods should be included in general consumer information, and arguments for changes in behavior should be targeted to different groups of consumers.

The use of technology and social media is significantly changing society and influencing people's behavior in various areas. This study examined the relationship between the reported experience when using technology and the reported experience when using nontechnological means. In three experiments, participants were asked to rate on a five-point scale the correctness of sentences describing the experience of using technology and the experience of using non-technological means.

This study investigates user perceptions of security, trust, and privacy in Ethiopia's telecommunications sector, focusing on objectives such as examining the impact of government surveillance and evaluating technological measures for data protection. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys of 379 respondents with qualitative interviews of key stakeholders. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive statistics and reliability analysis using SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis to identify recurring insights. Findings indicate a general acknowledgment of the necessity of government surveillance for preventing cybercrime, yet significant concerns about privacy persist. Users express moderate confidence in current security technologies but desire stricter regulatory enforcement and improved communication from service providers. Recommendations include public education on surveillance, strengthening privacy regulations, and enhancing customer service quality to rebuild user trust.

İnsanlık tarihi kadar eski olan tekstil; tarihsel süreç içerisinde tasarım, teknik, malzeme ve teknoloji açısından gelişip yenilenerek ilerlemektedir. Tarih boyunca insanların en önemli ihtiyaçlarından olan giysi, aksesuar ve ev tekstili gibi ürünlerin tasarımı ve üretimi günümüze kadar büyüyerek çok önemli bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Günümüzdeki tekstil tasarımı ve üretimi ise çok çeşitli gruplara bölünmüştür. Bu gruplardan kullanım açısından ev tekstili hem tasarım açısından hem de kullanım açısından çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Özellikle 90'lı yıllardan itibaren büyüyen ve gelişen Türkiye Ev Tekstili Sanayi, onu destekleyen dernek oluşumu ve sanayicileri ile birlikte bugün önemli bir ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Üretime odaklı çalışan tekstil sektörü, gelişen teknoloji ve tasarım anlayışı ile kendini geliştirmek ve tasarım açısından yenilemek zorunda kalmıştır. Ev tekstilinde estetik, tasarım, kullanım yeri ve üretim süreçleri mekân ile tekstilin birlikte düşünülmesini gerektirmektedir. Bildiri kapsamında ev tekstil tasarımı hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlanmıştır.

The use of technology and social media is significantly changing society and influencing people's behavior in various areas. This study examined the relationship between the reported experience when using technology and the reported experience when using non-technological means. In three experiments, participants were asked to rate on a five-point scale the correctness of sentences describing the experience of using technology and the experience of using non-technological means.
The first experiment identified a negative relationship between the reported experience of shopping online and the reported experience of shopping in a physical store. These findings suggest that the experience of shopping online is fundamentally distinct from that of shopping in a physical store. In the second experiment, a relationship was identified between the reported experience of using technological tools in a large organization and the reported experience of using technology in other environments. These findings indicate that the experience of using technology remains consistent, irrespective of the environment in which it is applied. In the third experiment, a relationship was identified between the reported experience of receiving public transportation services through traditional methods and the reported experience of receiving such services through technological means. These findings suggest that the experience of using public transportation remains consistent, regardless of the type of means used.
In conclusion, the experience of receiving a service remains consistent, whether it is delivered through technological or non-technological means, as long as it is provided within a specific organization or location. For instance, this consistency can be observed in services offered on public transportation or within an organization. The experience of using technological tools remains consistent, regardless of the environment in which they are applied—for instance, whether these tools are utilized within or outside the organization. The service experience differs when delivered through technological means compared to traditional methods, especially when the service is provided in separate locations. For instance, shopping, working, or studying from home using technology offers a distinct experience compared to receiving these services in physical settings such as offices, stores, or classrooms.

Virtual office for GST registration is becoming an essential tool for startups, eCommerce sellers, freelancers, and growing businesses across India. It provides a cost-efficient and legally recognized means to establish a business presence in multiple states without the burden of leasing or owning physical office spaces. This is especially advantageous when seeking GST registration in a state where the business has no traditional brick-and-mortar office.