Effectiveness Factor

The result of military personnel practical training lies in skilful and confident actions using available weapons and military equipment in all types of the combined arms operation. There is a need to use training and simulation equipment in order to increase the force proficiency, to save resources in weapons and military equipment use. Analysis of the ground forces personnel military training system in the militarily developed leading countries of the world indicates the tendency of further reduction of the weapons and military equipment use for the personnel professional training, the introduction of new forms and methods into training with the use of simulators, training and simulation equipment and training and simulation complexes. The armies of NATO countries have a tendency to use full-scale simulators designed to provide cadets with specific skills that allow the personnel training as part of crews (teams), platoons, company and other units, as well as to carry out the full range of their functional responsibilities. The authors of the article have developed a method for assessing the effectiveness of the military personnel competitive activity when solving tactical tasks using laser tag type two-way skirmish simulators, which allows to determine the level of separate components training (the skills level of separate tactical techniques accomplishment, tactical, physical, psychological readiness) and to carry out the personnel training level assessment as a whole. The assessment included the most important training level criteria which characterize a degree of a serviceman tactical training and have an influence upon the real end result when solving the tactical tasks by the unit as a whole.

Building refurbishment works frequently require the cutting of new openings in concrete walls. Cutting new openings weakens the overall response of such elements, so they usually require strengthening. However, current design codes offer little guidance on strengthening walls with openings, and less still on the use of non-metallic reinforcements such as FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymers) to ensure sufficient load bearing capacity. This paper proposes a new procedure based on limit analysis theory for evaluating the ultimate load of walls with cutout openings that have been strengthened with carbon-FRP (CFRP). First, the approach is verified against transverse (out-of-plane) and axial (in-plane) loading for unstrengthened specimens. These loading types result in different failure mechanisms: transverse loading leads to failure due to yielding/rupture of the steel reinforcement while axial loading leads to failure by concrete crushing. Second, the proposed method is further developed for CFRPstrengthened specimens under axial loading. It accounts for the contribution of CFRP indirectly, by updating the concrete model with an enhanced compressive strength as a result of confining the piers. Predictions made using the new method agree closely with experimental results.

A one-dimensional model, called generalized cylinder (GC), is employed to analyze the diffusion-reaction problem in catalytic pellets of different shapes and nonlinear kinetics. The fitting parameter (σ) of the GC model was adjusted by matching the behavior of the actual pellet at high reaction rates. The errors of the GC model, considering five different kinetic expressions (isothermal zero and second order, isothermal Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson type, first order exothermic, and first order endothermic) and four different catalytic pellet shapes turned out to be less than 3.5%.

Biofilm systems can be modeled using a variety of analytical and numerical approaches, usually by making simplifying assumptions regarding biofilm heterogeneity and activity as well as effective diffusivity. Inhibition kinetics, albeit common in experimental systems, are rarely considered and analytical approaches are either lacking or consider effective diffusivity of the substrate and the biofilm density to remain constant. To address this obvious knowledge gap an analytical procedure to estimate the effectiveness factor (dimensionless substrate mass flux at the biofilm-fluid interface) was developed for a continuum heterogeneous biofilm with multiple limiting-substrate Monod kinetics to different types of inhibition kinetics. The simple perturbation technique, previously validated to quantify biofilm activity, was applied to systems where either the substrate or the inhibitor is the limiting component, and cases where the inhibitor is a reaction product or the substrate also acts as the inhibitor. Explicit analytical equations are presented for the effectiveness factor estimation and, therefore, the calculation of biomass growth rate or limiting substrate/ inhibitor consumption rate, for a given biofilm thickness. The robustness of the new biofilm model was tested using kinetic parameters experimentally determined for the growth of Pseudomonas putida CCRC 14365 on phenol. Several additional cases have been analyzed, including examples where the effectiveness factor can reach values greater than unity, characteristic of systems with inhibition kinetics. Criteria to establish when the effectiveness factor can reach values greater than unity in each of the cases studied are also presented.

Biofilm systems can be modeled using a variety of analytical and numerical approaches, usually by making simplifying assumptions regarding biofilm heterogeneity and activity as well as effective diffusivity. Inhibition kinetics, albeit common in experimental systems, are rarely considered and analytical approaches are either lacking or consider effective diffusivity of the substrate and the biofilm density to remain constant. To address this obvious knowledge gap an analytical procedure to estimate the effectiveness factor (dimensionless substrate mass flux at the biofilm-fluid interface) was developed for a continuum heterogeneous biofilm with multiple limiting-substrate Monod kinetics to different types of inhibition kinetics. The simple perturbation technique, previously validated to quantify biofilm activity, was applied to systems where either the substrate or the inhibitor is the limiting component, and cases where the inhibitor is a reaction product or the substrate also acts...

In evaluating effective reaction rates in catalysts subject to heat and mass transport limitations, the size of the catalytic body is best defined by the so-called characteristic length , the ratio between catalyst volume and its external surface area, = V p /S p. This result follows from the limiting behaviour at very high reaction rates, when the effective reaction rates are proportional to 1/ (e.g., Aris [R. Aris, The Mathematical Theory of Diffusion and Reaction in Permeable Catalysts, Oxford University Press, London, 1975.]) or, in dimensionless form, to the inverse of the Thiele modulus Φ. It is further known from simple geometrical shapes that a series solution can be written in terms of powers of (1/Φ) and that the second order term [in(1/Φ) 2 ] depends on the shape of the catalytic body. It is the aim of this paper to develop expressions of such second order term for 2D or 3D catalytic bodies showing arbitrary smooth external surfaces. In a similar way as the first order term allows to define the proper size of a catalyst, the second order term provides a characterization for the catalyst shape. This and other applications of the second order term are discussed.

In this contribution, effectiveness factor () calculations are performed by a perturbation and matching technique developed by the authors which takes into account both the intrinsic kinetic expression and external heat and mass transfer resistances. The simplified method of Papadias et al. (2000) was used to consider the non-uniform washcoat thickness usually present in monolith channels. As a result a global effectiveness factor (o) is calculated at each point on the grid to simulate monolith reactor performance. The procedure was tested to predict experimental findings taking into account the actual kinetic expression to describe CO oxidation on Pt catalyst. Agreement among theoretical predictions and Ullah et al. (1992) and Holmgren and Andersson (1998) experimental results are fairly good.

In the present contribution a one-dimensional model (1D model) is employed to account for the effect of pellet shape in the solution of diffusion-catalytic reaction problems. The 1D model free parameter () is fitted so as to match the second term of the series for the effective reaction rate at fast kinetic conditions. The performance of the model was evaluated for a large collection of pellets available commercially, covering almost all the main shapes offered by catalyst manufacturers. For isothermal linear kinetics the effectiveness factors calculated by the 1D model differ at most by 3% from those of the actual 3D pellets.

The quantitative assessment of security can help to analyze security qualitatively. The phase-wise discussion of security metrics provides a roadmap to the developers to estimate software security during various stages of software development. In this paper, we suggest metrics based on security issues of software development process. Further, we provide effectiveness factors for the security consideration during the development process. Case studies illustrate the use and importance of suggested metrics and effectiveness factors. The metrics developed may help the developers to understand and analyze security efforts throughout the software development process.

Security breaches are largely caused by the vulnerable software. Since individuals and organizations mostly depend on softwares, it is important to produce in secured manner. The first step towards producing secured software is through gathering security requirements. This paper describes Software Security Requirements Gathering Instrument (SSRGI) that helps gather security requirements from the various stakeholders. This will guide the developers to gather security requirements along with the functional requirements and further incorporate security during other phases of software development. We subsequently present case studies that describe the integration of the SSRGI instrument with Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document as specified in standard IEEE 830-1998. Proposed SSRGI will support the software developers in gathering security requirements in detail during requirements gathering phase.

Abstract—Security level, security performance, and security indicators have become standard terms to define security metrics. The data derived from these metrics helps in measurement of software security. The metrics help achieve security objectives– ...

The quantitative assessment of security can help to analyze security qualitatively. The phase-wise discussion of security metrics provides a roadmap to the developers to estimate software security during various stages of software development. In this paper, we suggest metrics based on security issues of software development process. Further, we provide effectiveness factors for the security consideration during the development process. Case studies illustrate the use and importance of suggested metrics and effectiveness factors. The metrics developed may help the developers to understand and analyze security efforts throughout the software development process.

This study compares alternative ways of disentangling the effects of levels (the tendency for a person to be high, medium or low across all factors in the profile) and shape (the tendency for a person to have a distinct pattern of factors on which they are high, medium or low) in profile analyses. This issue is particularly relevant to performance appraisals where it is often useful to identify specific strengths and weaknesses over and above a person global performance, but also to person-centered analyses more generally where the observation of qualitative (shape) differences between profiles is often used as justification for the added-value of profiles. Substantively, this study illustrates these issues in the identification of profiles of teachers based on multidimensional students' ratings of their effectiveness, using an archival data set of 31,951 class-average ratings based on the Students' Evaluations of Educational Quality (SEEQ) instrument collected over a 13-year period. The results show the superiority of a factor mixture operationalization of teaching effectiveness in which a global effectiveness factor was used to control for unnecessary level effects in the profiles.

Presenting a clear image by reducing the noise to a minimal level is one of the most fundamental research topics in image processing. Different types of noise are initiated during the process of acquisition to digitization of an image, causing degradation in quality. As there is no way for total elimination, several methods are employed depending on the type of noise. In this paper, we present a method based on least squares regression analysis to detect and eliminate impulsive noise from an image. A sweeping window of ...

In this contribution, effectiveness factor () calculations are performed by a perturbation and matching technique developed by the authors which takes into account both the intrinsic kinetic expression and external heat and mass transfer resistances. The simplified method of Papadias et al. (2000) was used to consider the non-uniform washcoat thickness usually present in monolith channels. As a result a global effectiveness factor (o) is calculated at each point on the grid to simulate monolith reactor performance. The procedure was tested to predict experimental findings taking into account the actual kinetic expression to describe CO oxidation on Pt catalyst. Agreement among theoretical predictions and Ullah et al. (1992) and Holmgren and Andersson (1998) experimental results are fairly good.

Presenting a clear image by reducing the noise to a minimal level is one of the most fundamental research topics in image processing. Different types of noise are initiated during the process of acquisition to digitization of an image, causing degradation in quality. As there is no way for total elimination, several methods are employed depending on the type of noise. In this paper, we present a method based on least squares regression analysis to detect and eliminate impulsive noise from an image. A sweeping window of ...

In this contribution, effectiveness factor ( ) calculations are performed by a perturbation and matching technique developed by the authors which takes into account both the intrinsic kinetic expression and external heat and mass transfer resistances. The simplified method of Papadias et al. (2000) was used to consider the non-uniform washcoat thickness usually present in monolith channels. As a result a global effectiveness factor ( o ) is calculated at each point on the grid to simulate monolith reactor performance. The procedure was tested to predict experimental findings taking into account the actual kinetic expression to describe CO oxidation on Pt catalyst. Agreement among theoretical predictions and Ullah et al. (1992) and Holmgren and Andersson (1998) experimental results are fairly good.

In this contribution, effectiveness factor ( ) calculations are performed by a perturbation and matching technique developed by the authors which takes into account both the intrinsic kinetic expression and external heat and mass transfer resistances. The simplified method of Papadias et al. (2000) was used to consider the non-uniform washcoat thickness usually present in monolith channels. As a result a global effectiveness factor ( o ) is calculated at each point on the grid to simulate monolith reactor performance. The procedure was tested to predict experimental findings taking into account the actual kinetic expression to describe CO oxidation on Pt catalyst. Agreement among theoretical predictions and Ullah et al. (1992) and Holmgren and Andersson (1998) experimental results are fairly good.

The study of the reactivity of solid catalysts requires assessing chemical kinetics and mechanism in the absence of mass transport artifacts. These artifacts consist of the formation of concentration gradients either on the external or internal (inside nanopores) surface of the solid. Despite the existence of models and criteria for assessing the presence of mass transfer limitations during catalytic tests for gas-phase reactions in isothermal fixed bed reactors, the literature does not present straightforward protocols for performing the latter calculations. In this work, we present a systematic and complete protocol for the calculations above. The developed protocol serves as a tutorial for students and researchers. Particularly, the effectiveness factor for external and the Weisz-Prater number for the internal mass transfer limitations were developed. The oxidation of propane over mixed vanadium-aluminum (hydr)oxides was taken as a case study. Based on these protocols we perform ...

In a nursing home, the elderly gets health services to support their daily life. These services are documented and reported periodically to elderly families. In addition to managing information about nursing services, there is other information that must also be managed properly to help the smooth operation of the nursing home. To support the information management process, reliable software is needed to have the functions and benefits that are in accordance with the needs. One of the supporting components that contribute to building good software is interface design. This study will discuss the design of nursing home service application interfaces that have fields, characteristics, and functions that are different from other fields, especially the field of special health services for the elderly. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and insight to desktop, mobile, and web application developers regarding aspects of designing an interface that is acceptable to system ...

Pengelolaan dan pengaturan suatu Jaringan distribusi tenaga listrik dapat efektif, mutlak diperlukan mengingat pertumbuhan permintaan tenaga listrik yang sangat tinggi dan menambah semakin kompleknya sistem jaringan tenaga listrik, tuntutan akan pengelolaan tenaga listrik yang baik dan handal sehingga tercapai penyediaan tenaga listrik dalam jumlah dan mutu yang memadai. Namun tingkat kehandalan sistem tidak bisa ideal 100%, karena adanya gangguan yang terjadi dan akan mempengaruhinya. Pemakaian portable sectionalizer switch merupakan salah satu usaha dalam menurunkan tinggkat Saidi Saifi pada jaringan distribusi, ini merupakan suatu alat yang berfungsi untuk melokalisasi pemadaman yang terjadi pemadaman/perawatan yang dipasang pada kontruksi tiang dengan metoda PDKP TM, pada saat melakukan perawatan pada jaringan. Pemakaian portable sectionalizer switch difungsikan sebagai pemisah beban sementara sebagai manuver.   Penyulang dengan pemasangan portable sectionalizer switch dapat men...

Abstract. The real loading is generally constituted only by the outside forces and torques acting on a system, neglecting other influences. An important problem is the including the aleatory real loading in the strength and reliability estimation. The analysis of the actual ...

In this paper, a new analytical method based on the direct synthesis approach is proposed for the design of a multi-loop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The proposed design method is aimed to achieve a desired closed-loop response for the multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) processes with multiple time delays. The ideal multi-loop controller is firstly designed in terms of relative gain and desired closed-loop transfer function. Then the standard multi-loop PID controller is obtained by approximating the ideal multi-loop controller by the Macraulin series expansion. Simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method the in multi-loop PID controller design. The multi-loop PID controller designed by the proposed method shows a fast, well-balanced, and robust response with the minimum integral absolute error (IAE).

Presenting a clear image by reducing the noise to a minimal level is one of the most fundamental research topics in image processing. Different types of noise are initiated during the process of acquisition to digitization of an image, causing degradation in quality. As there is no way for total elimination, several methods are employed depending on the type of noise. In this paper, we present a method based on least squares regression analysis to detect and eliminate impulsive noise from an image. A sweeping window of ...

The quantitative assessment of security can help to analyze security qualitatively. The phase-wise discussion of security metrics provides a roadmap to the developers to estimate software security during various stages of software development. In this paper, we suggest metrics based on security issues of software development process. Further, we provide effectiveness factors for the security consideration during the development process. Case studies illustrate the use and importance of suggested metrics and effectiveness factors. The metrics developed may help the developers to understand and analyze security efforts throughout the software development process.

Security breaches are largely caused by the vulnerable software. Since individuals and organizations mostly depend on softwares, it is important to produce in secured manner. The first step towards producing secured software is through gathering security requirements. This paper describes Software Security Requirements Gathering Instrument (SSRGI) that helps gather security requirements from the various stakeholders. This will guide the developers to gather security requirements along with the functional requirements and further incorporate security during other phases of software development. We subsequently present case studies that describe the integration of the SSRGI instrument with Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document as specified in standard IEEE 830-1998. Proposed SSRGI will support the software developers in gathering security requirements in detail during requirements gathering phase.

DETERMINAN Determinan adalah nilai yang dapat dihitung dari unsur suatu matrix persegi. Determinan matrix A ditulis dengan det A, atau |A|. Determinan dapat dianggap sebagai faktor penskalaan transformasi yang digambarkan oleh matriks.[1] Matrix A ukuran (2x2) rumus untuk mencari determinan adalah: A= = det A = a.d-b.c A= 1 3 5 5 Maka det (A) = 1 3 5 5 = 1.5-3.5 =-10 Det(A) = (1.5 = 5)-(3.5 = 15) Det (A)= 5-5 =-10 A = 1 2 2 4 Maka det (A) = 1 2 2 4 = 1.4-2.2 = 0 Det(A) = (1.4 = 4)-(2.2 = 4) = 0 Det (A) = 4-4 = 0 Mencari determinan matrix dengan metode Sarrus A = 3 2 2 4 panah merah + panah hitam-Det (A) = (3.4-2.2) Det (A) = (12-4) = 8 Cara menghitungnya dengan menambahkan kolom kolom 1 dan 2 ke kiri, seperti gambar di bawah ini : A = 1 4 2 2 3 5 3 6 9 1 4 2 3 3 6 panah merah + panah hitam-Det (A) = (1.3.9 + 4.5.3 + 2.2.6)-(2.3.3 + 1.5.6 + 4.2.9) Det (A) = (27 + 60 + 24)-(18 + 30 + 72) Det (A) = (111)-(120) =-9

The quantitative assessment of security can help to analyze security qualitatively. The phase-wise discussion of security metrics provides a roadmap to the developers to estimate software security during various stages of software development. In this paper, we suggest metrics based on security issues of software development process. Further, we provide effectiveness factors for the security consideration during the development process. Case studies illustrate the use and importance of suggested metrics and effectiveness factors. The metrics developed may help the developers to understand and analyze security efforts throughout the software development process.

Regression testing intends to ensure that a software applications works as specified after changes made to it during maintenance. It is an important phase in software development lifecycle. Regression testing is the reexecution of some subset of test cases that has already been executed. It is an expensive process used to detect defects due to regressions. Regression testing has been used to support software-testing activities and assure acquiring an appropriate quality through several versions of a software product during its development and maintenance. Regression testing assures the quality of modified applications. In this proposed work, a study and analysis of metrics related to test suite volume was undertaken. It was shown that the software under test needs more test cases after changes were made to it. A comparative analysis was performed for finding the change in test suite size before and after the regression test.

Security breaches are largely caused by the vulnerable software. Since individuals and organizations mostly depend on softwares, it is important to produce in secured manner. The first step towards producing secured software is through gathering security requirements. This paper describes Software Security Requirements Gathering Instrument (SSRGI) that helps gather security requirements from the various stakeholders. This will guide the developers to gather security requirements along with the functional requirements and further incorporate security during other phases of software development. We subsequently present case studies that describe the integration of the SSRGI instrument with Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document as specified in standard IEEE 830-1998. Proposed SSRGI will support the software developers in gathering security requirements in detail during requirements gathering phase.