Ecological Architecture

Vanilla in Alor Regency is considered premium vanilla due to its distinct flavor and aroma. The pod length varies from 23.01 to 27.10 cm, with a diameter of 1.30-1.55 cm and a vanillin content ranging from 2.32% to 2.85%. However, the lack of adequate facilities poses a challenge for processing wet vanilla into dried vanilla in Alor. Many vanilla farmers in Alor still sell wet vanilla, even though only dried vanilla is allowed to be sold, in accordance with the regulations stated in the Geographical Indication Certificate registered with the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Kemenkumham). Violation of these regulations may result in the revocation of the Alor Vanilla Geographical Indication Certificate by Kemenkumham, which would negatively impact both the price and quality of Alor vanilla. Designing a Vanilla Processing Center can address this issue by applying an Ecological Architecture Approach, ensuring that the design aligns with natural conditions. The Ecological Architecture Approach aims to minimize negative environmental impacts by preserving existing ecosystems and adapting building layouts to the natural contours and vegetation. Environmentally friendly materials are used, such as red bricks to conduct heat, paving blocks and grass pavers to maximize water absorption, and perforated bricks to optimize natural airflow and sunlight in the vanilla processing area. The Alor Vanilla Processing Center will serve as a processing facility while also providing educational and recreational amenities. It is designed to include processing areas, laboratories, demonstration gardens, a hall, a management office, a food court, and a rainwater harvesting system for irrigation purposes. The result of this design is expected to enhance the output and quality of dried vanilla in Alor.

Andrés Jaque's notion of transscalarity displaces the modernist conceit of seamless scalar continuity, replacing it with a recognition of the contested, partial, and cosmopolitical entanglements through which architecture materializes. Rather than autonomous or self-contained objects, buildings are conceived as porous infrastructures whose agency unfolds in their capacity to mediate and transition across scales—biological, ecological, social, and planetary. Jaque situates architectural practice within a field of scalar discontinuities, where the microbiotic proliferation enabled by a school’s cork façade resonates with planetary crises of water, biodiversity, and toxicity. In this account, architecture is rearticulated as a transscalar practice, simultaneously inhabiting the molecular and the planetary, and always emerging from messiness, accident, and dispute. Such an orientation redefines the architectonic as a site of scalar consciousness, wherein representation and action are expanded beyond human perception to encompass the more-than-human materialities that compose contemporary existence. Transscalar architecture thus becomes a practice of multiplying thresholds—an engagement with architecture not as bounded form but as a politics of scale in the making.

Andrés Jaque's notion of transscalarity displaces the modernist conceit of seamless scalar continuity, replacing it with a recognition of the contested, partial, and cosmopolitical entanglements through which architecture materializes. Rather than autonomous or self-contained objects, buildings are conceived as porous infrastructures whose agency unfolds in their capacity to mediate and transition across scales—biological, ecological, social, and planetary. Jaque situates architectural practice within a field of scalar discontinuities, where the microbiotic proliferation enabled by a school’s cork façade resonates with planetary crises of water, biodiversity, and toxicity. In this account, architecture is rearticulated as a transscalar practice, simultaneously inhabiting the molecular and the planetary, and always emerging from messiness, accident, and dispute. Such an orientation redefines the architectonic as a site of scalar consciousness, wherein representation and action are expanded beyond human perception to encompass the more-than-human materialities that compose contemporary existence. Transscalar architecture thus becomes a practice of multiplying thresholds—an engagement with architecture not as bounded form but as a politics of scale in the making.

In the description of man’s environment, the concept of habitat and shelter was the main motivation for buildings and hence the creation of a built environment. Building with the available materials and tools was the strategy being used then, however, human habitation and cultivation on this natural landscape has produced what is called "vernacular architecture". This kind of architecture is accordingly affected by the culture, traditions and habits of the local people, and has evolved over time in correspondence to the behaviour and changes made in the surrounding environment. Siwa oasis is a place of pure natural beauty and with a unique architecture style. The architecture and the construction of the oasis were developed by the occupants of the oasis using local raw materials. The research presented in this paper aims to understand and clarify the culture and local life of the Siwan People, and search for the mechanisms that bridge the gap between heritage, technology a...

The changes taking place in recent years are particularly evident in small towns. This is due to the scale of development. Any change in the proportion interfere the composition. The traditional wooden architecture in eastern regions of Poland disappears completely. In their place there are created houses that can be found in many other regions. This way, the identity of the small towns this part of the Poland is lost. In accordance with European Union directives concerning the revitalization we should care about the quality and aesthetics of public spaces. Regeneration processes should be in accordance with art conservation, including the purposes of preservation of historic landscapes. Unfortunately, in many cases, renewal processes carried out in small towns have completely lost their architecture as well as distinctive characteristic of public spaces and native greenery. Currently, the historic wooden architecture is a relic of the in situ and, paradoxically, we have come to the stage of exploring the open-air museum in which it is possible to see typical architecture and structure of Polish towns (e.g. in Lublin).

Globally, economic growth tends to be concentrated in cities. Due to the UN, by the year 2050, around two-thirds of people will live in urban and peri-urban regions. Increasing national wealth and providing the community with hope for a better standard of living are pushed toward massive migration from rural to urban areas. Migration impacts urban environments, infrastructure, and quality of life. Additionally, climate change will also have a negative impact on the environment, which might threaten urban areas. All these circumstances lead to the search for solutions. The focus of the search lies in exploring approaches to reduce pressure on cities while concurrently conserving and enhancing current natural resources. This article is claimed to study successful green communities with common interest examples in rural Egypt. Those communities' interests could help to improve the quality of life for their residents and environmental improvement and may be the reason for reverse migration in the future. The research objectives are to highlight the main features of successful communities and state the influence factors that led communities of interest to achieve positive results. The research uses diagnostic and descriptive methods for studying the communities to set the features by comprehensive analysis to determine the common factors and detect the criteria. Finally, the outcome indicates that

Rapid developments take place in technology. All resources are used without considering what their results will be for affordable production. This situation continues to bring various environmental problems together. Humanity is now questioning the technology and trying to reduce the damage it inflicts on the environment. This reflects with the emergence of ecological building designs in the building sector. Ecological designs are encouraged by certification systems in the building sector and systems that provide comfort conditions without harming the environment. It is necessary to create design solutions in the current environment in order to be able to achieve this position and to provide sustainability of the environment. It is important to examine design criteria of earlier examples in history if it can provide this. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the ecological characteristics of an old and a new residence building in Talas District of Kayseri by making use of the criteria of international certification systems. Thus, it has been shown how past ecological data and present-day ecological designs can be. The new structure and historical structure that are considered in the concept of ecology have been examined comparatively in terms of their suitability to criteria such as ecology, energy, economy, indoor environmental quality, health and welfare, innovation, management, land use, transportation, renewable technology, water, environmental pollution and CO2 emissions material and waste. It is aimed that this study contributes to develop environmental friendly design solutions in terms of sustainable environment in the future.

Refleksja na temat ulicy śródmiejskiej, która ma szanse stać się ulicą mieszkaniową miasta przyszłości prowadzi do postawienia szeregu pytań o to, na ile obecne uwarunkowania prawne dotyczące kształtu przestrzeni i kontekst kulturowy determinują przyszłą jej formę i funkcjonowanie. Na przykładzie ulicy Cystersów w Krakowie formułowane są hipotezy dotyczące koniecznych uwarunkowań regulacyjnych i typologicznych dla wytworzenia harmonijnego i przyjaznego mieszkańcom środowiska.

The work concerns city parks in Poznan and their importance in the structure and landscape of the city. The research included 38 park objects of various origin , size and nature . There were evaluated the uniformity of parks’ distribution within the agglomeration, the shape of the outline of the plan ( the nature of the border line) and their surroundings.

S t r e s z c z e n i e W artykule zaprezentowano nowoczesne obiekty architektury krajobrazu -ogrody, parki i place. Współczesną architekturę krajobrazu cechują szybkie przekształcenia formalne i stylistyczne. Niezwykle istotna dla tych przemian jest rola osiągnięć w zakresie ogrodnictwa, rozwoju technik budowlanych i nowoczesnych technologii. Obecnie projektanci mają coraz mniej ograniczeń technicznych. Współczesny park jest zdefiniowany nie tylko przez zieleń, lecz także przez osiągnięcia cywilizacji, technikę, technologię, naukę i kulturę. Ogrody, parki i place stanowią dopełnienie miast, stają się wyrafinowanym obiektem kultury i dziełem sztuki. Dużym problemem rozwijających się miast są tereny postindustrialne, postmilitarne, tzw. nieużytki urbanistyczne. Część z nich jest z sukcesem rekultywowana, służy wypoczynkowi i rekreacji. A b s t r a c t The article presents some contemporary objects of landscape architecture -gardens, parks and plazas from all over the world. The modern landscape architecture is characterised by swift reshaping of form and style. New achievements and developments in gardening and building technologies play significant role in relation to these changes. Today's designers face fewer technical limitations than ever. The modern park is defined not only by greenery, but also by achievements of global civilization, technology, science and culture. Today's city dwellers seek access to a diverse range of amusements, experiences and recreation. Gardens, parks and plazas complete cities in their role of refined objects of art and culture. Great common problems for developing cities are post-industrial, post-military areas, rubbish dumps, the so called brownfields. Some of them are successfully recultivated, often as recreational areas.

Obserwując powszechne w Polsce działania w zakresie modernizacji miejskich przestrzeni publicznych (rynków, placów, ulic, historycznej zieleni, itp.) rodzi się niejednokrotnie obawa, czy w imię zmian nie doprowadzimy do utraty zastanych wartości poprzez przeinwestowanie lub doraźne ignorowanie. Dotyczy to zwłaszcza struktur wrażliwych jak roślinność, czy nienamacalnych jak widok i piękno krajobrazu.
Podstawą badań, prezentowanych w niniejszej publikacji, były autorskie wieloletnie obserwacje zjawisk zachodzących w przestrzeni miejskiej w Polsce, szczególnie w Warszawie, poddanej w ostatnich dekadach silnej presji inwestycyjnej. Porównawczo odniesiono się do analogicznej sytuacji w innych krajach europejskich, analizując podejście i stopień zachowania miejsc i krajobrazów uznanych za prestiżowe i otoczonych ochroną krajobrazową. Badania szczegółowe polegały na obserwacji zjawisk zachodzących w krajobrazie miasta, a szczególnie dotyczących scenerii widokowych zawierających komponowane układy roślinne – w skali struktury ogólnomiejskiej oraz w skali wybranych obiektów (parki, place, ulice).

When observing - common in Poland - the modernization of urban public spaces (markets, squares, streets, historic greenery, etc.), there is often a fear that existing values will not be lost in the name of changes through overinvestment or temporary ignoring. It applies primarily to sensitive structures, such as vegetation, or intangible, such as the landscape's view and beauty. The research presented in this publication was based on the author's long-term observations of phenomena taking place in urban space in Poland, especially in Warsaw, which has been subjected to strong investment pressure in recent decades. Comparative reference was made to the analogous situation in other European countries, analyzing the approach and the degree of preservation of places and landscapes recognized as prestigious and surrounded by landscape protection. Detailed research consisted of observing phenomena occurring in the city landscape, especially regarding scenic landscapes containing composed greenery systems - on the scale of the city-wide structure and the scale of selected objects (parks, squares, streets).

The climate crisis has heightened the relevance of architecture due to its substantial impact on energy consumption and carbon emission. However, such relevance is conveyed by means of simply numerical values that are derived from data and communicated through digital tools that cannot be examined or questioned. They become labels that frequently serve to certify that a particular abstract objective has been successfully accomplished. Such landscapes of energies flatten out any distinctions between architecture and urban environments. The article describes the development of a simulation game that defies this prevailing pattern. The game alludes to the historical legacy of simulation games centered around ecology and economy, while adopting a lighthearted and exploratory attitude towards data and energy. By engaging in gameplay, the simulation experience allows users to easily understand its mechanics while also reconnecting the different dimensions of architecture and the urban environment.

Powstałe w latach dwudziestych XX wieku tuż obok siebie berlińskie osiedla Onkel-Toms-Hütte i Am Fischtal razem stanowią przykłady współistnienia awangardowego i kontynuacyjnego nurtu w architekturze. Ukształtowanie osiedli, oraz architektury wzniesionych w nich budynków jest obrazem zarówno odmienności w poglądach między autorami obu osiedli, która dotyczyła głównie stosowania płaskich, bądź spadzistych dachów, jak i wzajemnego przenikania się wpływów. Oba osiedla pod wieloma względami mogą stanowić wzór do naśladowania. Szczególnie interesująco przedstawia się kwestia wpisania zieleni w przestrzeń osiedli, a także relacji pomiędzy przestrzenią publiczną i prywatną. Osiedle Onkel-Toms-Hütte stanowi interesujący przykład umiejscowienia w przestrzeni osiedla usług. Słowa kluczowe: mieszkalnictwo, osiedla, mieszkania, zieleń w osiedlu, usługi w osiedlu, nurty w architekturze. 1 Z poziomem ulic pasaże łączą pochylnie, natomiast na peron wiodą schody. Przejście z peronu do pasażu wymaga wyjścia na poziom ulic otaczających zespół.

This article presents an overview of research on urban form in Poland. Within historical geography this tradition is continued today by geographers from the University of Łódź where for years professors Mark Koter and Mariusz Kulesza have been implementing the research methodology of the English school. This research presents a descriptive approach, while research in the field of architecture and urban planning tends to be prescriptive. They have been, and continue to be, conducted at various architectural universities both in the fields of history and monuments conservation, urban planning, spatial planning, and landscape architecture.

As the result of intensive urbanization and construction activities, cultural historical environments are facing with the threats such as abondonment and deterrioration. In this context, traditional housing areas are the mostly effected areas in the urban fabric. One of the most important responsibility of the communities is the preservation of natural & cultural values of traditional settlements as well as their memorial & symbolic values. So, planning and design processes must be based on ecological basis, and nature friendly approaches should be adopted to ensure the sustainable urban development as far as spatial and sociocultural factors are concerned. Traditional/vernacular architecture of the region was shaped due to environmental factors and echological data throughout history which carries all the requirements of energy efficent ecological design. The most important reasons why settlements belonging to historical religions reached today is the formation of the buildings by using local material by using environmental sources efficiently. Ağırnas which is a sub settlement of Kayseri that is located on the east of the city centre is dating back to 3000 B.C. Ağırnas which was declared as an urban site that has to be conserved has been a settlement of various civilizations and cultures throught history which is characterized by its traitional stone masonary houses. Societies that have lived in Ağırnas through history have built their monumental buildings and houses using natural stone and timber with appropriate techniques and structural systems. In this declaration, Ağırnas will be introduced with it's natural and cultural qualities, landscaping features and urban characteristics. Then, housing areas & houses of Ağırnas are going to be evaluated in the frame of ecological design criteria. Besides, proposals for the sustainability of the ecological, spatial and socio cultural values of the local character & the settlement is offered.

In the description of man’s environment, the concept of habitat and shelter was the main motivation for buildings and hence the creation of a built environment. Building with the available materials and tools was the strategy being used then, however, human habitation and cultivation on this natural landscape has produced what is called "vernacular architecture". This kind of architecture is accordingly affected by the culture, traditions and habits of the local people, and has evolved over time in correspondence to the behaviour and changes made in the surrounding environment. Siwa oasis is a place of pure natural beauty and with a unique architecture style. The architecture and the construction of the oasis were developed by the occupants of the oasis using local raw materials. The research presented in this paper aims to understand and clarify the culture and local life of the Siwan People, and search for the mechanisms that bridge the gap between heritage, technology a...

Tarsus is a multi-layered region that has conservation problems on
many scales. The criteria for the selection of Tarsus, is its historical
tissue which spans over different periods of time. In the historic urban
settlement of Tarsus; the reasons to delineate our particular area was
based on its natural and physical boundaries. The main axis of the
study area which lies along the old riverbed and its proximity to an
existing conservation area gives shape to our primary and secondary
study area boundaries.
The aim of the study is to understand the structural problems prevalent
in the traditional buildings and their underlying factors that might be
a threat to these buildings in the study area. The problems will be
analyzed and evaluations made which will help develop solution
strategies.
The scope of this study is restricted to the primary study area which
consists of the traditional houses which include many registered
buildings. The linear area lies on the north-south axis and contains
some archeological remains and monumental buildings. There are
many conservation and archeological sites in the surroundings of the
primary study area.

All full papers in this publication went through a double-blind peer-review process which involves submission of full papers, review of full papers by the Scientific Review Committee, feedback to authors on full papers submitted which included a decision on acceptance and evaluation of the revised papers by the Scientific Review Committee to ensure the quality of the content.

This paper presents selected aspects of thermal diagnostics of historical workers’ buildings in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration, which constitutes an important element of the industrial heritage of the region. Despite the quite exceptional significance of workers’ housing estates and colonies for the nature and shape of the Upper Silesian cultural landscape, their preservation is threatened. Residential buildings face progressive degradation as their parent industrial plants get liquidated. The study covers selected residential buildings within the perimeter of the Bobrek housing estate in Bytom – one of the biggest and most characteristic workers’ housing estates in Upper Silesia. This particular housing estate, built in stages from 1888 to the 1920s, demonstrates a full scope of the history of building patronal housing complexes in the region. Currently, like a drop of water, it accumulates all negative phenomena associated with the thoughtlessness and unplanned restructuring of industry, which commenced in the 1990s. The objective of the study was an attempt at assessing the preservation status of existing buildings accompanied by thermal diagnostics based on thermal imaging tests. This assessment seems to be of key importance in determining possibilities and scope of their preservation and effective thermal insulation. Furthermore, it offers a better insight into the degree of complexity of the problem associated with the need to preserve valuable industrial heritage in the scale of the entire region, while reducing operating costs and obtaining a significant reduction of pollution emitted by buildings.
Artykuł przedstawia wybrane elementy diagnostyki termicznej historycznej zabudowy robotniczej Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej, która stanowi ważny element dziedzictwa przemysłowego regionu. Pomimo wyjątkowego znaczenia dla charakteru i kształtu górnośląskiego krajobrazu kulturowego, przetrwanie osiedli i kolonii robotniczych jest zagrożone. Obiekty mieszkalne ulegają postępującej degradacji wraz z likwidacją macierzystych zakładów przemysłowych. Badaniami zostały objęte wybrane budynki mieszkalne w obrębie osiedla Bobrek w Bytomiu-w jednym z największych i najbardziej charakterystycznych górnośląskich osiedli robotniczych. Osiedle powstające w kilku etapach od 1888 roku do lat 20. XX wieku ukazuje pełny zakres historii budownictwa patronalnego regionu. Obecnie jak w kropli wody koncentrują się w nim wszystkie negatywne zjawiska związane z bezrefleksyjną i bezplanową restrukturyzacją przemysłu, która rozpoczęła się w latach 90. XX wieku. Celem badań była próba oceny stanu utrzymania istniejących budynków wraz z diagnostyką termiczną dokonaną na podstawie badań termowizyjnych. Ocena tego stanu wydaje się kluczowa do określenia możliwości oraz zakresu ich zachowania i skutecznej termomodernizacji. Daje również szerszy pogląd na poziom skomplikowania problemu związanego z potrzebą zachowania cennego dziedzictwa przemysłowego w skali całego regionu przy jednoczesnym obniżeniu kosztów eksploatacji i emitowanych przez budynki zanieczyszczeń.

The purpose of this review article is to examine the changes and developments in structural systems and materials up to the present day through a holistic perspective, considering the societal dynamics of each period. The article includes a literature review and investigates the development of structures through the concepts of "structural system," "construction material," and "structural innovation." In selecting the structures discussed in the article, care has been taken to include those that pioneered new structure types, and/or materials for subsequent structures. The study covers an approximately 7,000-year period from the Neolithic era to the present. Therefore, within this broad time frame, the article provides brief/concise information on the concepts of "structural system," "construction material," and "structural innovation" about the examined structures. In the study, it is observed that until the Industrial Revolution, building construction was carried out using traditional materials and construction techniques. Moreover, faith was a major motivation in pushing the boundaries of construction techniques under the conditions of the time. This motivation changed with the Enlightenment era, as the new thought process resulting from the Industrial Revolution replaced the motivation of "faith" with "building for society" through new technological possibilities. New forms of society brought with them new construction technologies and typologies. This situation persisted until the late 20th century, but it changed with the use of computer technology in design and construction phases. Since then, structural concerns, which had been a significant constraint in building construction, have become less of a priority for designers. From this point of view, the article is structured as follows after the "Introduction" section: "Building for Faith: The Limits of Traditional Materials," "The Machine Age: Building in the Light of Modern Science and Engineering," and "Free from Structural Constraints: The Impact of Computers." In the conclusion, examples are listed according to the concepts of "structural system," "construction material," and "structural innovation," thereby presenting the results of the study.

The western coast on Manhattan in New York is changing its function and image. The areas of Chelsea and Meatpacking District evolve from warehousing-industrial districts towards post-industrial spaces identified with the world of arts, fashion, design and business. The process of gentrification of a significant town area may offer options for creative activities within its space. The implemented idea of rescuing and adapting the former elevated railway line, strongly defined specific, cultural character of the surrounding space, obtaining an unusual level of public acceptance.

José Forjaz (2. von links) auf der Baustelle des Bairro Residencial Universitário vor den Plänen der Siedlung, 1983 Foto: Bernd Stich; Stich war damals als Architekt der Abteilung "Muster-und Experimentalprojekt" (MEP) der Bauakademie der DDR in Maputo.

Volcanoes are one of the most important mechanisms of regeneration and reconstruction of nature. They are an enormous force that today attracts the interest of many sciences, now also architecture. The current crisis in building materials is increasingly reinforcing the industry’s attention to the global movement towards a shift to traditional local construction methods based on the principles of the circular economy. In this context, the scope of this research work is the search for new materials and building methods using lava as a response to the crisis of building materials, their environmental footprint and the housing needs of future environmental refugees. The main objective of this work is to propose new construction structures using the proposed building materials, with lava as a raw material. Secondary objectives are the understanding of the volcanic phenomenon and the general behaviour of a volcano depending on its volcanic activity, the search for traditional building methods, the analysis of traditional architecture in volcanic areas, and the study of the characteristics of the main igneous rocks.

Degraded parts of the city are not indifferent to the city as a whole. Many large panel housing estates belong to this kind of areas. In Germany their problematic issues appeared after the country reunited, when they started to suffer a massive outflow of their inhabitants. The reactions of the state authorities was instantaneous: the process of multidirectional revitalization of the large panel housing estates was launched in 90s and continues to this day. In this paper Hellersdorf housing estate in Berlin is presented as a good example of an estate subjected to the comprehensive measures aimed at improving its architectural and urban qualities, including creation of valuable public spaces. As Polish large panel housing estates are undergoing a process of degradation, negative effects of which are visible nowadays, they need to be revitalized. Without stopping the degradation, it may be hard or even impossible to remove these negative effects in the future. Large panel housing esta...

In order for the concepts of ecology and sustainability to develop within all built environments, including architectural structures, it is expected that these concepts be internalized by individuals through space. Child-centered and ecologically-based educational models have been widely used in preschool and primary education levels both globally and in Turkey in recent years. Educational programs that incorporate principles of child-centered and ecological themes are being developed, and there are innovative schools that utilize ecological architecture in both conventional and alternative educational methods, aiming to instill ecological awareness through educational content. This study seeks to identify the architectural and interior design themes adopted in school architecture based on ecological approaches. For this purpose, spatial characteristics and design criteria reflecting ecological school architecture found in the literature and alternative sources were compiled through document analysis, aiming to derive “ecological educational space” themes. The findings of the research aim to systematically associate the spatial values and criteria obtained from the examination of selected sources and documents in a table. Consequently, a thematic framework related to school design themes suitable for ecological architecture based on document analysis has been presented, highlighting the importance of the relationship between the ecological perspective and the concept of school space. It is noted that the potential of space can be used as an important tool in promoting the ecological perspective and that the quality of education can be supported by the spatial factor.

The term "Biomimetic Architecture" encompasses a wide range of concepts. In terms of forms, materials, building methods, processes, or functions, simulated nature inspired by an organism or the behavior of an organism or the entire ecosystem. Although this simulation has no resemblance to the organism or ecosystem that inspired it, Biomimicry fosters architectural ingenuity. It's an ecological innovation, a new way of thinking and acting in terms of the environment. The goal of the research was to see if the Biomimicry approach might be used as a tool and strategy for sustainability while looking at its applications in design and architecture. The study and analysis as one of the new approaches and patterns in the field of architecture is explored, with the goal of imitating nature and using it as a source of inspiration while also delivering novel answers to man's problems. Organic simulation is a multi-level design process that incorporates principles and concepts that are inspired by nature. The goal of this article is to introduce and pique designers' interest in the biomimicry concept, which refers to sustainability through looking to nature for solutions.

Artykuł koncentruje się na wybranych zagadnieniach związanych z ochroną oraz kształtowaniem zieleni wysokiej w obrębie placów i rynków miejskich. Opracowanie ma charakter opisowy, wyjaśniający i poznawczy, odnoszący się do rozwiązań pożądanych z punktu widzenia nowoczesnego miasta, ukierunkowanego na podmiotowe traktowanie mieszkańców i świadome przeciwdziałanie skutkom zmian klimatu. W pracy wykorzystano metodę desk research wspomaganą jakościową analizą treści. Uzupełniająco przeprowadzono diagnozę wybranych realizacji w Polsce obejmujących swym zakresem rewaloryzacje rynków i placów miejskich. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych obserwacji i analizy przykładów można zauważyć, że drzewa stanowią jedno z najistotniejszych tworzyw przestrzeni publicznej, a ich oddziaływanie ma charakter synergiczny (w tym: estetyczny, kulturotwórczy, funkcjonalny, klimatyczny, prozdrowotny). Szczególne znaczenie mają drzewa stare, które osiągnęły ostateczną formę. Należy je postrzegać jako punkt wyjścia dla procesów odnowy placów i rynków, zarówno w wymiarze przestrzenno-funkcjonalnym, jak i klimatycznym. Jednocześnie należy podkreślić, że założenia projektowe powinny przewidywać nie tylko fakt obecności drzew (i ich rozmieszczenie), ale określać także docelowy efekt (wizualny i funkcjonalny), w tym m.in. kształt, rozmiar i charakter zieleni, w korelacji z warunkami otoczenia.

Nowadays, the decrease in available resources due to excessive use and the deterioration of ecological balance have revealed the necessity of developing approaches compatible with nature for the whole world. The effects of these approaches have been seen for a long time in the construction industry, which constitutes a significant part of energy consumption, and therefore in the field of architecture. There is an increasing environmental awareness not only of the design and implementation phases of new buildings but also of reconsidering existing historical rural settlements built according to natural and climatic conditions in the past. This paper aims to verify/falsify the theory that it would be beneficial to protect and sustain the traditional rural architectural heritage in combating the negative effects of the climate crisis, which is widely accepted in the literature. Another line of questioning in this research is to what extent the ecological design criteria, which have come to the fore in recent decades in the context of new buildings to be built, differ or overlap with traditional architectural principles. In this context, the sustainable design criteria suggested in the literature were compiled and a line of inquiry specific to historic rural settlements was reached. These criteria were questioned in-depth on a case, which have rural heritage value. Accompanying the literature and archival research, field studies were conducted in the summers of 2023 and 2024, to understand the rural landscape and traditional architectural character. The existing physical environment in the Gökmaslı rural settlement of the Şile district on the urban periphery of Istanbul was examined in terms of ecological sustainability, and the possible contributions of the preservation of historical settlements to climate adaptation studies are discussed.

Integrating agricultural principles into architectural designs in the Philippines presents a sustainable approach to urban and rural development. This innovative synergy addresses food security, environmental sustainability, and socioeconomic development. By merging agriculture with architecture, urban areas can become self-sustaining ecosystems, promoting local food production and reducing the carbon footprint. This paper explores various methods and case studies that illustrate the benefits and challenges of integrating agriculture into architectural practices in the Philippines.

Since the last years of the 20th century, Poznań’s district Naramowice has been an area of rapidly growing investments and a model example of contemporary transformation of urban peripheries into residential areas. The sites of a 19th-century village and farm and a post-war gardening
company are turning into housing estates. The new district, repeatedly criticized for the lack of a well-thought-out development plan and transport solutions, finally in 2022 was connected with
a city center by a tram route.
Naramowice are the subject of a phototextual reflection in which I refer to the ambiguous status of this space, expressed in such terms as extension and redevelopment, land development, and wastelands. In conclusion, I wonder if the district can be a laboratory for the “fourth nature”
(I. Kowarik, K. Jakubowski) project or an illustration of the “third landscape” (R. Clément)? The article takes the form of a rephotographic photo essay (L. Pouwels, M. Rosler), in which images are intertwined with text fragments, in which the concepts of urban wasteland, natural thinking and contemporary urban design are discussed. The photographs I used present the changes observed during the construction of the tram route, the interference of residential investments in the areas of the former orchards in Naramowice and the projects of urban meadows between residential buildings. Made with a mobile phone, they have the character of a field note, emphasizing the role of active, mobile observation of dynamic changes in space.

Design, autocarro urbano, materiais compósitos e projecto cooperativo. Resumo. Neste trabalho pretende-se abordar a importância dos conceitos formais propostos pelo Design serem capazes de se adaptar e potenciar a competitividade das soluções impostas pelas condicionantes técnicas (materiais e processos de fabrico) num projecto de desenvolvimento de produto, permitindo, assim, encontrar a melhor solução em termos de custos de produção e adequada resposta às necessidades dos utilizadores. O caso agora apresentado refere-se ao design de diferentes conceitos para uma carroçaria em material compósito de um autocarro que circulará em serviço de shuttle no Pólo Universitário da Asprela (Porto), no âmbito do projecto europeu CIVITAS.

Współczesna sytuacja mieszkaniowa w Polsce ulega systematycznej poprawie, czego dowodzą ilościowe dane statystyczne. Jednak często zdarza się, że nowe realizacje odbiegają od standardów jakościowych środowisk mieszkaniowych XXI wieku. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie autorskiej analizy sytuacji mieszkaniowej w Polsce. Autorzy omówią tematykę w dwóch zagadnieniach badawczych: w sposób krytyczny analizując mechanizmy realizacji współczesnego budownictwa mieszkaniowego (w okresie po 2000 roku) oraz w sposób pozytywny na przykładzie oceny trzech przypadków wysokiej jakości środowisk mieszkaniowych zrealizowanych w Polsce. W pierwszej części badań zostały wykorzystane niereaktywne metody typu desk-research, natomiast w drugiej części badań autorzy zastosowali metodę wizji lokalnej omawianych przykładów, tj.: a) Riverview w Gdańsku, b) Fort Śliwickiego w Warszawie oraz c) Kurkowa 14 we Wrocławiu. Badania doprowadziły do przedstawienia rekomendacji mających na celu poprawę jakości środowisk mieszkaniowych w Polsce.

The role of spatial planning is to support the city planning and the great part in the process of shaping the ecological city environment, take green public spaces. Public spaces also, besides its economic, compositional, technical functions, primarily are the arenas by creating social life. The article is an attempt to define the role of public space in the spatial and social urban structure, together with an indication of the main goals and planning tools to achieve them. The Krowoderski Square is presented as a case study of the significant public space in Krakow, which was saved by the effective planning decisions.

STRESZCZENIE W artykule przedstawiono przegląd zrealizowanych w Budapeszcie na przestrzeni ostatnich lat projektów przestrzeni publicznych-placów, bulwarów, skwerów i ogrodów-implementujących współczesne tendencje w architekturze krajobrazu i projektowaniu miejskim. Znajdują się one w historycznym centrum miasta, wchodząc w bezpośrednie-często kontrowersyjne-relacje przestrzenne z zabytkową zabudową. Prezentowane obiekty wyróżnia nowoczesna forma i estetyka oraz wysoka jakość rozwiązań projektowych. Wykorzystują współczesne, ahistoryczne materiały i nowoczesne technologie. Kreatywnie i nowocześnie aranżują tworzywo roślinne i wodę. Tworzą atrakcyjne, przyjazne, sprzyjające społecznej integracji miejsca rekreacji w otoczeniu zieleni, jednocześnie eksponujące zabytki i przybliżające je współczesnym odbiorcom.

Nasilające się coraz bardziej zmiany środowiskowe i postępujący kryzys klimatyczny zmuszają do ciągłego poszukiwania przyczyn tego problemu. Upatrywany jest on nie tylko w postępie technicznym, industrializacji i konsumpcjonizmie, ale w negatywnym podejściu człowieka do natury. Jednym z jego rozwiązań jest kształtowanie nowej postawy proekologicznej, która funkcjonuje nie tylko w wymiarze przyrodniczym, ale też społecznym i kulturowym. Przejawem współczesnej myśli ekologicznej są ogrody, które zyskały obecnie status ponadczasowego ekologicznego toposu i stają się ekosymbolem relacji człowieka ze środowiskiem. W tym rozumieniu ogrody są miejscem współżycia człowieka z naturą, która jest traktowana jako wspólny dom — oikos. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wyjaśnienie współczesnej idei ogrodów ekologicznych oraz próba odnalezienia ich genezy w rzymskiej literaturze agronomicznej oraz ogrodach średniowiecznych. Ponadto odniesienie ówczesnych praktyk i rozwiązań ogrodowych do współczesne...

An important element of the urban landscape are the parks. Although some of them have a historical provenance that they perform an important role in the functioning of modern urban structures and the formation of citizens' needs. This paper presents the results of research, which was carried out in the period 2013-2015 in three historic parks in Poland and the Great Britain. For the analysis was selected Lloyd Park in London, Prospect Park in Reading and Saxon Garden in Lublin. Within these objects being studied in terms of their functionality and compositional structure. The aim of the study was to compare parks and define their role in the urban landscape.

The work concerns city parks in Poznan and their importance in the structure and landscape of the city. The research included 38 park objects of various origin , size and nature . There were evaluated the uniformity of parks’ distribution within the agglomeration, the shape of the outline of the plan ( the nature of the border line) and their surroundings.

Environmental Energy Architecture seeks energy originality, substantive distinctiveness, formal consistency, and environmental compatibility. It recreates a nation's energy architecture by utilizing new technology (smart and digital architecture). In order to generate new rational and atypical answers to the issues and demands of interior design furniture, particularly in the aftermath of natural catastrophes, when it is highly necessary to develop new logical and atypical solutions. The study approach of this study is broken into four sections: First, it explains the notion of energy design. The second section explains the energy source (renewable energy and nonrenewable energy) Relationship between bio geometrical forms and energy regulation is the third component. The fourth section is an example of how to design and furnish an interior space in an environmentally friendly manner utilizing sustainable energy. Where it was concluded that Energy Environmental Architecture is one of the most important methods as a language of the formation of a space, which is used by man, whether for living, business, hospitalization, or any other purpose, as well as providing a solution to the reconstruction after natural disasters, where it is necessary and extremely urgent to develop new rational solutions and atypical to the problems and needs of architecture.

الگوی رفتاری دمای سطوح در طول شبانه‎روز و نیز در شرایط آب‎وهوایی گوناگون در محیط‎های شهری، شاید در زمینۀ مدیریت و برنامه­ریزی شهری کارآمد باشد. در این پژوهش، روند تغییرات دمای اندازه­گیری‎شدۀ چهار پوشش آسفالت، سیمان، خاک و سنگ، در محدودۀ ایستگاه هواشناسی ژئوفیزیک در شرایط جوی گوناگون واکاوی شد. با توجه به ارتباط بین دمای سطح و دمای هوا، مدل رگرسیونی محاسبۀ دمای سطوح با دمای هوا انتخاب و دمای برآوردشده با دمای اندازه­گیری‎شده در ایستگاه، واسنجی شد. نتایج روش­های آماری نشان داد اختلاف دمای کمینه و بیشینۀ سطوح (به جز آب به‎دلیل تأثیر تبخیر) در شرایط آفتابی، حدود 30 درجۀ سلسیوس است؛ در حالیکه اختلاف آنها در شرایط بارانی، ابری و بادی، به‎ترتیب به حدود 6، 10 و 20 درجۀ سلسیوس می‎رسد. همچنین، در شرایط جوی همراه با بارندگی، علاوه‎بر وقوع کمترین دامنۀ دمایی، رفتار دمایی سطوح نسبت به یکدیگر نیز دچار تغییر می‎شود. نتایج مدل رگرسیونی نشان داد که بیشترین همبستگی بین میانگین دمای هوا و میانگین دمای سطوح وجود دارد. براساس ضرایب همبستگی و ضریب کارایی ناش ـ ساتکلیف، رابطۀ رگرسیونی مورد استفاده برای ت...