Early Medieval Architecture

The topic of this paper is the late medieval architecture of Padua. Special emphasis is placed on the historical context of the construction of the buildings, descriptions and comparative analysis of architectural elements, stylistic influences, common features, and their overall importance in the urban and cultural development of the city. The buildings analyzed in the paper are: the Scrovegni Chapel, the Basilica of Saint Anthony, the Palazzo della Ragione, the Basilica of Saint Justina, and the Padua Cathedral with its baptistery.

Gli Autori e l'Editore ringraziano tutte le istituzioni che hanno gentilmente concesso l'autorizzazione alla pubblicazione delle immagini. Tutte le immagini sono state fornite dagli Autori, sotto la loro responsabilità, libere da diritti. Gli Autori restano a disposizione per qualsiasi eventuale ulteriore obbligo in relazione alle immagini riprodotte. progetto grafico e redazione grafica Laura Rigon redazione Alessandro Lise © Copyright ottobre 17 Il Poligrafo casa editrice srl 11 Padova piazza Eremitani -via Cassan,  tel.

Dans ces pages dédiés à la ville de L'Aquila et, plus généralement, à la région des Abruzzes si durement touchée par le tremblement de terre de 2009, j'aimerais revenir, à travers l'exemple de S. Bartolomeo di Carpineto, sur quelques problèmes posés par les monastères privés et leur place dans l'économie du sacré en Italie centro-méridionale. Nous sommes particulièrement bien informés sur ce monastère privé de taille modeste grâce à la chronique écrite à la fin du XII e siècle et au début du XIII e siècle par le moine Alessandro. 1 L'excellente édition de B. Pio a clairement et définitivement fait le point sur un certain nombre de points essentiels en resituant l'auteur dans le contexte de la production documentaire du temps. Alessandro appartient au groupe des cartularistes ayant aussi exercé des fonctions administratives de commandement à l'intérieur de leur établissement et qui, devenus des spécialistes des questions liées au temporel et à sa gestion, étaient particulièrement bien placés pour écrire l'histoire du monastère où ils vivaient et priaient. La chronique d'Alessandro ressortit au genre bien repéré et bien connu des Chronica qui constituèrent l'une des spécificités de la production intellectuelle de l'Italie centro-méridionale au XII e siècle. 2

The contribution presents the archaeological data acquired from the first phase of the procedure of preventive assessment of the archaeological interest activated by the Superintendency of Enna for the doubling of the Catania-Palermo railway line in the section from Catenanuova to Enna. In this first phase, the preliminary investigations consisted of integrating the surface survey previously carried out in the VIARCH phase and a series of preventive soundings, which yielded large quantities of ceramic finds associated with the remains of flimsy structures. This evidence allows us to identify the presence of a vast Roman and Byzantine settlement in the area covered by the intervention. The positive results of these investigations, therefore, led to the activation of the second phase of the procedure for the assessment with extended stratigraphic excavations, presented in another contribution of this volume.

U radu se donosi preliminarna analiza groba 13 s lokaliteta Vir -Smratina. Na navedenom lokalitetu istražena su dva sakralna objekta. Starija crkva podignuta je u 6. stoljeću, a unutar nje je, najvjerojatnije u romaničkom razdoblju, sagrađena manja crkva. Uz južni zid starije crkve nalazio se dječji grob (grob 13) u kojem je sahranjeno sedmero djece. U tom su grobu pronađene dvije fibule koje se mogu pripisati ranokršćanskom vremenu: jedna u obliku ptice i jedna pločasta fibula -bula.

Somapura Mahavihara, located in Paharpur, Bangladesh, is a remarkable Early Medieval Buddhist monastery and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was established by the Pala ruler Dharmapal Dev and boasts 177 monastic cells, a central shrine shaped like a cross, stupas, and various auxiliary structures. This study delves into its inward-focused spatial hierarchy, which beautifully integrates living quarters, ritual spaces, and service areas, all of which reflect the essence of monastic life and the rich symbolism of the religion.

Le lapidaire de l'ancienne abbaye de Saint-Roman, Sylvain DEMARTHE, Géraldine MALLET Les inscriptions lapidaires de l'ancienne abbaye Saint-Roman-de-l'Aiguille, Sylvie CHAUVAIN-MARC Les céramiques du site de l'abbaye de Saint-Roman. Un corpus hétérogène, Coline ROUVIER Aperçu des pratiques funéraires médiévales du cimetière de l'abbaye de Saint-Roman : résultats de l'étude archéoanthropologique -Campagne 2020, Chloé GIRARDI 3. Saint-Roman et la genèse des sites monastiques dans la Basse-vallée du Rhône (IXe-XIe siècles) Le « monachisme rhodanien » : un concept utile à l'historiographie du XXIe siècle ? Laurent RIPART Les catacombes romaines, dépositaires de la mémoire des martyrs et pourvoyeuses de leurs reliques (IIIe-IXe siècles), Jean GUYON A la recherche d'un patronage : saint Romain à Saint-Roman Fernand PELOUX Culte et circulation des reliques en Provence-Languedoc au Moyen Âge, une approche globale, Edina BOZOKY Saint-Roman, Psalmodi et Saint-Victor de Marseille : la question de l'abbé Garnier, Eliana MAGNANI 4. Sites monastiques du diocèse d' Arles et d'ailleurs (Xe-XIIe siécles) Un sanctuaire souterrain de confins diocésains. Saint-Émilion en Bordelais aux XIe et XIIe siècles, Frédéric BOUTOULLE Le monastère de Carluc (Céreste, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) au second âge roman : structures rupestres et dévotions monastiques, Yann CODOU Montmajour et le troglodytisme monastique, Andreas HARTMANN-VIRNICH Quelle place pour les morts ? Monastères, espaces funéraires et domination territoriale de l'Occident médiéval à l'archevêché d'Arles entre le XIe et le XIIe siècle. Michel LAUWERS Les collèges des studia de Cahors et Toulouse sous Urbain V (1362-1370) -Etat des lieux,

In 2004, rescue excavation project that took place in the center of Prague's Malá Strana discovered a relic of an aisle of a Romanesque rotunda. The building dated to the end of the 11th century is connected with the legends of St. Wenceslas. The rotunda is dated by a tile floor with relief tiles of the so called Vyšehrad type bearing motifs of a lion and a gryffin. The rotunda was preceded by two earlier Christian churches built at the same place. The earlier of the two, supposedly a temporary structure from c. 950 AD, was constructed shortly after the murder of St. Wenceslas. The church was built on a spot where 7 earlier successive wooden buildings had been built from the 9th century onwards.

Many sources testify to strictly defined places for lay women in the
church space, and that universal practice is attested in a group of
Ragusan sources dating from the 15th century. Descriptions and
contracts record the movement and location of females in the premises
of the most important churches in Dubrovnik, as well as their access to
churches from public space. The paper analyses the social stratification of
the female population underlying those spatial arrangements according to several criteria (age, social status), manifested in the respective
varied uses of church space. Fragmentarily conserved architectural
elements provide further insight into those practices, especially the
gallery for noblewomen attached to the Dominican church, which not
only transformed the lay part of the church (ecclesia laicorum) but
also shaped the area of the public access to the friary’s church by a
sophisticated arrangement of the stairway’s balustrade.

The dissertation deals with architectural and building modifications, the design or implementation of which took place in the 1970s and 1980s. The urban development of Prague Castle and its immediate surroundings is discussed, as well as the functional use of the whole area with a special focus on the period under study. The thesis contains a list of building and architectural modifications in the second half of the 20th century based on the author's archival research. Subsequently, a general description and inventory of alterations in the 1970s and 1980s is made, and the approach of individual architects to the restoration of historic buildings and to the creation of new interventions is highlighted. It is described whether the principles of reconstruction, conversions, new interventions in historic buildings were used and in what style these modifications influenced the external and internal image of the Castle. Attention is paid to the position of architects in society, within the design and creative process. Emphasis is placed in particular on the position of architects who worked and created directly at Prague Castle. It describes the activities of the employees of the Office of the President of the Czechoslovak Republic (Building and Monuments Department), members of expert commissions and sub-commissions, in which experts dealt with building modifications in the Castle area. Other objects of interest are the staff of the Castle studio of the SÚRPMO (State Institute for Reconstruction of Monumental Towns and Buildings). The dissertation provides information on the work of key architects working at Prague Castle in the period under discussion - for example Osvald Döbert, František Cubr, Josef Pilař, Josef Hrubý, Karel Firbas, Bohumil Pirout, Zdeněk Hölzel, Marie Švábová, Zdenka Nováková, Věra Hlaváčková. The most important interventions that have influenced the development of the whole complex to the greatest extent are discussed in detail. In the 1970s, these included the reconstruction of the St. George Monastery for the needs of the National Gallery and the reconstruction of the Spanish Hall, the Rudolf Gallery and the West Wing of Prague Castle. The following decade is characterised by the analysis of the reconstruction of the Lobkowicz Palace for the needs of the National Museum. The analysis highlights the problems of the socialist supply cycle, construction and restoration of monuments. Another topic discussed from the 1980s is the construction interventions related to ensuring the technical functioning of the Castle. The data from which this thesis draws is based on archival research carried out mainly in the Prague Castle Archives, the Archives of the Office of the President of the Republic, the Archives of the National Museum and the Architecture Collection at the National Gallery. Periodicals published during the whole period under study - Architektura ČSR, Československý architekt. Further valuable information was obtained from interviews with personalities who worked at the Castle during this period. Part of the interviews is presented at the end of this thesis. The aim of the research is to point out the often overlooked and unknown work of architects in the castle grounds and to present unrealised projects and visions that could have influenced the shape of Prague Castle and its immediate surroundings.

In June 2019, the sixth phase of systematic excavations was conducted on the prehistoric settlement remains lying at a depth of approximately 2 m in the Pašman Channel, between the islet of Ričul and the Turanj coast of Tukljača. Two trenches were explored in the central part of the underwater site. In addition to wooden pylons, bones of domestic animals, and olive and likely cherry pits, the cultural layer contained numerous fragments of vessels from the Middle Bronze Age. This pottery was mostly poorly fired. Some specimens were decorated with a motif in the form of plastic circles or a series of incised triangular fields densely filled with dots. In this research campaign, an archaeological survey of the entire remains of the settlement from the Middle Bronze Age was conducted, as well as of the broader seabed around it. Very significant archaeological remains were observed in the seabed west of Ričul. Between Ričul and the neighbouring islet of Galešnjak, there is an ancient causeway built of amorphous stone. It is about 80 m long and 10 m wide, lying on the seabed at a depth of almost 7 m, indicating that it is much older than the remains of the nearby Middle Bronze Age settlement. It was formed when the sea level was about 6 m lower. One piece of pottery found on this causeway suggests that it dates back to the Early Neolithic, between 6100 and 5400/5300 BC, judging by the densely impressed ornamentation.

From late autumn 2018 to early spring 2019, eight sites in the northern part of Zadar County were reconnoitred. These sites span various historical periods in the municipalities of Jasenice, Posedarje, and Starigrad, as well as the cities of Gračac and Obrovac. In the Starigrad area, the archaeological examination focused on the Gradina hillfort above Sv. Trojica. Between this Liburnian hillfort settlement and the Early Byzantine castrum, architectural remains of a settlement dating probably from the early medieval period were identified. Next is the Gradina hillfort in Modrič, a prehistoric settlement site with remnants of an Early Byzantine fortress. Dračevac in the municipality of Jasenice, a Liburnian hillfort, was also surveyed, revealing the ruins of a medieval and/or early modern fortress. Opposite Posedarje is Budim, protected by a high and massive southern rampart, lower and narrower defensive embankments on the sides, and deep ravines. This extensive Liburnian hillfort stretches about 600 m northward to the western coast of the Novigrad Sea, where it is partially submerged and where archaeological traces of a harbour from the Late Iron Age were observed. About 15 km east of Obrovac lies Žegarsko Polje, through which the Zrmanja River flows along its northern side. Along its left bank, there is a lowland hillfort belonging to the prehistoric period. Archaeological surveys were conducted at two sites in Bruvno, approximately 12 km north of Gračac. One site refers to an Iapydic hillfort settlement located on a small elevation along the northern edge of Bruvno, while the other refers to a smaller hillfort featuring only slight defensive embankments. Finally, reconnaissance was carried out on the summit of the Gradina in the centre of Gračac. However, no remains of ramparts or movable archaeological material were observed during the examination of this location.

Radiocarbon dating of the carbonate binder of historical mortars is a strategic research topic not lacking in complexities. The critical step is the separation of anthropogenic CaCO3-binder from other carbonate sources that could severely affect the resulting dates. Here we present a complete procedure for the processing and characterization of difficult mortars and of the separated binder fractions in order to assess a priori the chances of positively dating the mortar, and produce a binder fraction yielding the most reliable radiocarbon dates possible. Two complex architectural case studies from Northern Italy are presented and discussed in detail: the churches of Santa Maria Maggiore (Lomello, Pavia) and Santa Maria (Torba, Varese). The results support that both the reliability assessment and the successful radiocarbon dating are possible through a multi-analytical approach encompassing mineralogical and petrographic characterization, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron m...

La chapelle Saint-Denis, située dans le cimetière paroissial de Marmoutier, a fait l'objet de recherches archéologiques réalisées par l'Inrap au moment des travaux de restauration de l'édifice en 2019 et 2020. Ces recherches ont permis de retracer l'évolution architecturale de la chapelle, de sa période de construction au XII e siècle à nos jours, et de déterminer la fonction initiale de l'édifice, celle de chapelle-ossuaire. Les investigations ont également permis de mettre au jour un sarcophage en grès roman réemployé à la fin du Moyen Âge et une double sépulture d'enfants d'époque Moderne.

CHRZCIELNYCH W POZNANIU I WIŚLICY (w odpowiedzi Przemysławowi Urbańczykowi) W "Kwartalniku Historycznym" (102, 1995, 1, s. 3-18) ukazał się artykuł Przemysława Urbańczyka pt. Czy istnieją archeologiczne ślady masowych chrztów ludności wczesnopolskiej? poruszający intrygujące badaczy od lat zagadnienie interpretacji obiektów odsłoniętych niegdyś w Poznaniu i Wiślicy. Autor, kilkakrotnie nawiązując do monografii Ostrowa Lednickiego 1 , formułuje równocześnie swoje sugestie wobec mojego stanowiska w tej sprawie. Opublikowany tekst wymaga zatem odpowiedzi oraz kilku niezbędnych uzupełnień i korekt. Zjawiskiem nie tylko pozytywnym, ale wręcz pożądanym jest ponowne ożywienie dyskusji na temat tak zwanych mis chrzcielnych, dyskusji na poziomie merytorycznym, a nie emocjonalnym. Niezwykle cenny jest zatem głos Przemysława Urbańczyka, jak dotąd nie zajmującego się tą problematyką, a więc głos obiektywny i bezpośrednio nie zaangażowany w wieloletni spór o funkcję wymienionych znalezisk. Spokojny i rzeczowy wywód poparty materiałem porównawczym prowadzi Autora do wniosku, że interpretacja wyrażona przez Daniela Gutschera (1981) jest właściwa 2 . Przede wszystkim należy jednak podkreślić, że dwie wypowiedzi o kluczowym znaczeniu w dyskusji na temat mis zostały przez Autora potraktowane jedynie marginesowo. Hipotezę Andrzeja Tomaszewskiego omawia on w jednym zdaniu na s. 8, natomiast opinia Elżbiety Dąbrowskiej znajduje się niemal na końcu, w przypisie nr 38. Sam Autor przyznaje, że na pierwszą z nich natrafił w toku pisania pracy, a na drugą zwróciła mu uwagę sama Elżbieta Dąbrowska już po jej napisaniu. Nie można jednak umniejszać znaczenia faktu, że to właśnie Andrzej Tomaszewski najbardziej zdecydowanie zakwestionował baptyzmalną funkcję mis, podając jako pierwszy ich alternatywne przeznaczenie-1 . Elżbieta Dąbrowska natomiast już w 1983 r., recenzując pracę Gutschera na łamach "Studiów Źródłoznawczych", przekazała polskiemu czytelnikowi jej główne tezy wraz z materiałem porównawczym. Wyraziła przy tym swoją opinię, godząc się na budowlaną funkcję mis poznańskich. Istota misy wiślickiej pozostaje według niej problemem otwartym 4 . Przemysław Urbańczyk zagląda więc przez drzwi w znacznym stopniu już uchylone. Pragnę równocześnie ustosunkować się do zarzutu, w którym Autor sugeruje świadome unikanie przeze mnie w pracy o baptysterium lednickim wypowiedzi na temat mis poznańsko-wiślickich 5 . Istotnie jest to zabieg świadomy, nie ma on jednak charakteru uniku, a to z dwóch przyczyn. Po pierwsze, już w 1985 r. w recenzji z londyńskiej publikacji Andrzeja Żakiego w sposób jednoznaczny określiłam swoje stanowisko wobec omawianych zabytków, powołując się zresztą na podstawowy

Glave bika, ovna i mladi}a s modijem na glavi, prikazane na kasetama na trijemu oko poligonalnoga hrama, prepoznaju se kao Apis, Amon i carev genij. Glava u medaljonu, u unutrašnjosti poligonalnoga hrama, prepoznaje se kao Tyche -Izida. Poligonalni hram, smatran u literaturi mauzolejem, po svoj prilici je svetište u kojem se štovala Izida i car Dioklecijan. Više arhitektonskih motiva, posebno tip kapitela sa zadebljanim liš}em, prepoznaje se kao utjecaj egipatske umjetnosti. Egipatski spomenici u Dioklecijanovoj pala~i u Splitu odavna su poznati u arheološkoj literaturi; sfinge i njihovi natpisi pisani hijeroglifima su prou~eni, 1 a za ve}inu stupova oko poligonalnoga hrama, i u trijemu oko njega, utvr|eno je egipatsko podrijetlo. 2 Egipatske spolije, umjetnine i njihove imitacije, kao i kultni utjecaji, prisutni su u rimskoj civilizaciji stolje}ima prije Dioklecijana, posebno kult bo'ice Izide i Serapisa. U doba carstva, nakon što je Egipat pripojen rimskom imperiju, civilizacijski, posebno kultni utjecaji sve su sna'niji. Tako je car August dao prenijeti obelisk koji se, u novoj funkciji, koristio za sun~ani sat. 3 Car Septimije Sever se identificira sa Serapisom, a njegova 'ena, pak, s Izidom, kao što je to ranije bio slu~aj s Hadrijanom i Sabinom. 4 Op}epoznato je da rimski carevi ne odnose samo spolije iz Egipta, nego u toj zemlji, po~evši od Augusta, podi'u spomenike od kojih je osobito ~uven Trajanov kiosk na oto~i}u Fili, sagra|en u duhu egipatske arhitektonske tradicije.

Niniejsza publikacja dotyczy wciąż aktualnego i nierozpoznanego definitywnie zagadnienia kształtowania się w Polsce wczesnopiastowskiej budownictwa rezydencjonalnego związanego z początkami i rozwojem Państwa Polskiego w newralgicznym momencie przyjęcia przez księcia Mieszka chrześcijaństwa, co zaowocowało wkroczeniem w strefę oddziaływań kulturowej spuścizny Cesarstwa Rzymskiego.
Przedstawiam w niej architekturę wczesnopiastowskich rezydencji królewskich, książęcych i możnowładczych konfrontując dotychczasowy historyczny już niekiedy stan badań z najnowszymi odkryciami i interpretacjami, w tym też własnymi, autorskimi badaniami i koncepcjami.
Celem publikacji jest zaproponowanie alternatywnych rozwiązań i rekonstrukcji tych szczątkowo zachowanych kompleksów architektonicznych, zarówno pod kątem bryły i proporcji budynków, jak też dyspozycji funkcjonalno-przestrzennej oraz rozwiązań urbanistycznych, a także udowodnienie postawionej przeze mnie tu tezy, iż badane palatia wczesnośredniowieczne w Polsce reprezentują dojrzały i nie
ujawniający śladów ewolucji model rezydencji książęco-królewskiej o racjonalnie i adekwatnie do potrzeb zaprogramowanym układzie funkcjonalno-przestrzennym i rozbudowanej infrastrukturze.

U ovom odjeljku časopisa Pro tempore donosimo autorizirane tekstove sudionika radijske emisije „Povijesne kontroverze”
(epizoda 23) koja je snimana 3. veljače 2020., a emitirana 27.
veljače 2020. godine na Trećem programu Hrvatskog radija, a
tematski je bila posvećena 50. obljetnici utemeljenja Povijesnog
društva otoka Krka, napose njegovoj izdavačkoj djelatnosti.
Emisija je stoga jednostavno nazvana: „50 godina Povijesnog
društva otoka Krka“. Voditelj i urednik emisije je dr. sc. Josip
Mihaljević (povjesničar s Hrvatskog instituta za povijest u Zagrebu), a gosti su bili doc. dr. sc. Tomislav Galović (Filozofski
fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, glavni urednik Krčkog zbornika)
i dr. med. Milan Radić, aktualni predsjednik Povijesnog društva otoka Krka, koji se u emisiju uključio putem telefonske linije. U emisiji je bio pročitan i opširniji izvadak iz teksta pok.
akademika Petra Strčića pod naslovom ,,Uloga i značenje povijesti otoka Krka kao osnovice djelovanja Povijesnoga društva/
udruge otoka Krka (1969. – 2009.)” (Krčki zbornik 69/2013)./
Krčki zbornik, (Krk Almanac - Miscellanea di Veglia - Sammelband der Insel Krk)./

-Delgado García, A. (2024). “El “Mármol de San Pablo”, encargos regios para espacios funerarios: la cripta de San Lorenzo de El Escorial, y la tumba de Santa Teresa en Alba de Tormes”. en  Revista de Estudios Monteños, 185, 2024, 24-34. ISSN: 2341-328X ISSN-e: 2341-3298 D.L. TO.172-1978 https://descargasarchivo.toledo.es/viewer.vm?id=78098&view=global&lang=es&page=4&search=Monteños

Na temelju arheoloških iskapanja, posebice kampanje iz 2021. godine kojom je zahvaćeno ranosrednjovjekovno groblje, te koristeći se antropološkim analizama i povijesnim izvorima, autori prvo pokušavaju ustvrditi gospodarsku i društvenu strukturu rižiničkog veleposjeda. Nadalje, teže definirati grobišni prostor na Rižinicama kao smisleno organiziran pomoću određenih modela koji bi bili upotrebljivi i za druga groblja na području ranosrednjovjekovne Hrvatske. Takvu grobišnu organizaciju konačno povezuju s osnovnom društvenom jedinicom na ruralnom području, a to je kućanstvo ili rodbinsko-dvorna zajednica, pri čemu definiraju njezinu strukturu i veličinu.

Na temelju arheoloških iskapanja, posebice kampanje iz 2021.
godine kojom je zahvaćeno ranosrednjovjekovno groblje, te koristeći se
antropološkim analizama i povijesnim izvorima, autori prvo pokušavaju
ustvrditi gospodarsku i društvenu strukturu rižiničkog veleposjeda.
Nadalje, teže definirati grobišni prostor na Rižinicama kao smisleno
organiziran pomoću određenih modela koji bi bili upotrebljivi i za druga
groblja na području ranosrednjovjekovne Hrvatske. Takvu grobišnu
organizaciju konačno povezuju s osnovnom društvenom jedinicom na
ruralnom području, a to je kućanstvo ili rodbinsko-dvorna zajednica, pri
čemu definiraju njezinu strukturu i veličinu.

U radu se raspravlja o gradu Livnu u kontekstu ranosrednjovjekovne
hrvatske države. Nastoji se odgovoriti na pitanje je li Livno bilo jedno od
važnih središta ili tek ruralno područje na periferiji države. S obzirom na
to da je Livno kao urbano naselje arheološki gotovo neistraženo, temi se
pristupa iz različitih aspekata, pri čemu se izlazi iz strogih kronoloških i
geografskih okvira utvrđenog ranosrednjovjekovnog grada, koji je stratigrafski
još uvijek najveća nepoznanica. Povijesni izvori potvrđuju postojanje
utvrđenog ranosrednjovjekovnog grada Livna (Cleuna, Hlivno),
a osim njih, pri istraživanju su poslužili arheološki nalazi, topografija i
rijetki sačuvani ostatci s terena. Na temelju sakupljenih podataka nastojalo
se rekonstruirati položaj i ulogu ranosrednjovjekovnog utvrđenog
grada Livna, s okolnim područjem, u okvirima ranosrednjovjekovne hrvatske
države te ukazati na okolnosti stradanja i pregradnji srednjovjekovnog
grada.
Ključne riječi: Livno, Cleuna, Hlivno, Županija Hlivno, ranosrednjovjekovna
hrvatska država, grobni nalazi, predromaničke crkve.

Autorica u radu donosi informacije o pozicijama nekadašnjih crkava svete Katarine i svete Margarite u Ninu. Saznanja o objektima autorica prikuplja tijekom arheološkog istraživanja ostataka crkve u sjevernom dijelu grada Nina 2019. godine, a zatim ih proširuje informacijama dostupnim u stručnoj literaturi te pretraživanjem i obradom arhivskih, kartografskih i katastarskih podataka dostupnih u Državnom arhivu u Zadru, Arhivu Zadarske nadbiskupije te Arheološkom muzeju u Splitu (arhiv Luke Jelića).

Na temelju sveukupnih podataka autorica nastoji rasvijetliti pogrešku u titularu crkve i interpretaciji postojećih ostataka. Obrazlaže potrebu korekcije tlocrta grada Nina i daje argumente za smještaj navedenih crkvi: crkvu svete Katarine locira u sjeverni dio grada Nina, dok crkvu svete Margarite pozicionira izvan ninskog otoka.

Vladimir P. Goss: Sv. Mari)a u Bapskoj -ponovo nakon trideset i pet godina ztiito> ol>)adiije) oi»ci»icI ii fazii ci j.t est. Maiijc ii Bapsl oj, te ko»)p a ) at)t '>lu»i ci»cllizo»i Oa> ed)ile 11/e.i>10111/esto ii)ii>tc>)' arl)itel.tiire t>eli I e si ed>ij ni>j cl.oi»ie»ii gi c>cij e -Sasa ". Kj liic->I>I Iilogii ig) ci ii C»210 I .I ede) ii del Oi' )ici

When investigating historical building stones, we often encounter an issue concerning the original material provenance identification. Addressing this issue is usually rather complicated due to the unavailability of samples to conduct a petrographic analysis that itself often cannot fully identify the site of acquisition. It is therefore imperative to focus on non-destructive research methods applicable in the field. Great emphasis is placed on interdisciplinarity with experts from a variety of fields contributing to the achievement of relevant results. The reflectance spectroscopy method in the nearand mid-infrared spectral range (1000-2500 nm), a simple and effective method to be applied in situ, is used for non-destructive identification of stone provenance. A unique spectral reflectance curve representing the reflectance in percentages versus the wavelength can be defined for each material. Consequently, the curve can be compared with spectra in the pre-prepared library in order to find the one best corresponding to the investigated curve to identify the material. The applied traceology methods are used to determine the approximate age of the stone elements to specify the achieved results, and not least, they are compared with the results of archival and art history research. Within our research, these methods were applied during the investigation of historical stone artefacts and masonry in St. Vitus Cathedral, located in Prague, Czech Republic. The achieved results corroborate a high potential of the selected methods and approaches.

The paper focusses on the analysis and examination of finds of
jewellery from the period of the formation of the Croatian Principality
at the turn of the 8th to the 9th century until the Ottoman conquests in
the 16th century. It also refers to historical and artistic sources, which
provide information on workshops and goldsmiths, the oldest of which
date back to the 11th century. The archaeological finds, complemented
by the aforementioned sources, clearly provide evidence on how coastal
Dalmatian cities supplied their immediate and broader hinterland in the
Balkans with luxurious goldsmith works throughout the aforementioned
period of time.
Keywords: coastal cities, Byzantine Dalmatia, medieval communes,
medieval cemeteries, goldsmithing, jewellery.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Frammenti, opere e contesti LITURGICAL FURNISHINGS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST (5 th -15 th CENTURIES) Fragments, Objects, and Contexts 26,00 L'arredo liturgico medievale, elemento imprescindibile dell'organizzazione spaziale e rituale dell'edificio religioso, è giunto fino ai nostri giorni per lo più in forma incompleta o quantomeno alterata. Vittima dei cambiamenti delle pratiche cultuali e dei mutamenti del gusto, soggetto a continui aggiornamenti e a integrazioni, l'allestimento per il rito è stato oggetto di crescente e costante interesse negli studi. Tali opere, nonostante il carattere spesso frammentario e la ricorrente decontestualizzazione, sono un piccolo tassello denso di indicatori preziosi per recuperare aspetti funzionali ed estetici della chiesa medievale. Questa raccolta di saggi intende presentare un quadro aggiornato delle ricerche, con apporti puntuali e proposte originali, da parte di studiose e studiosi interessati a questa classe di manufatti e allestimenti prodotti in un territorio molto vasto che va da Bisanzio fino all'Europa latina, dai primi secoli dell'era cristiana fino al tramonto del medioevo. An essential element of the spatial and ritual organization of the religious building, medieval liturgical furnishings have come down to our days mostly in an incomplete or at least altered form. The victim of changes in cultic practices and in taste, as well as of continuous updates and additions, the rite setting up has been the subject of a growing and constant interest in studies. These works, despite their often fragmentary nature and the recurrent decontextualization, are a small piece full of precious indicators to recover functional and aesthetic aspects of the medieval church. Boasting precise contributions and original proposals, this collection of essays aims to present an updated picture of the researches by scholars interested in this class of objects, produced in a very vast area ranging from Byzantium to Latin Europe, from the first centuries of the Christian era until the dusk of the Middle Ages. collana diretta da / series directed by Fabio Coden

Nedavno su otkriveni ulomci ranosrednjovjekovnog natpisa kao dio tkanine nekadašnje džamije (danas crkva sv. Vida) u utvrdi Klis. Autor se ne slaže s čitanjem i datiranjem što ga je predložio Radoslav Bužančić koji je otkrio fragmente. Prema autoru, fragment je posveta sastavljena u ime hrvatskog kralja i njegove supruge ili majke, dosad nepoznate kraljice Domaslave. Natpis bi se najvjerojatnije mogao datirati u prvu polovicu 10. stoljeća. Nedavno je Radoslav bužančić u jednom svojem članku objavio rezultate istraživanja dviju predromaničkih crkava koje je označio kao vladarske. 1 Ovom se prilikom ne bih zadržavao na njegovom tumačenju i datiranju arhitekture, koje je, dakako, važno i za datiranje samog natpisa koji je predmet ovog priloga, nego bih komentirao ono što je napisao o pronađenim ulomcima teksta, među kojima se na jednom fragmentu čita titula kraljice. 2 Kada je riječ o tom nalazu, bužančić s pravom naglašava njegovu važnost, jer je to, kako sam ističe, nakon Jeleninog natpisa prvi koji spominje jednu kraljicu i, na neki način, vladarsku obitelj. 3 Fragmentarno sačuvani epigraf, dio nekadašnje oltarne pregrade, nađen je u zidovima bivše džamije, a prije toga crkve sv. Vida na Klisu. Fragmenti od kojih se sastoji natpis, prema opisu u tekstu i priloženim snimkama, su: 1. ORUM FILIU 2. MEA DOMAS 3. LAVA REGINA bužančić, nadopunjujući tekst, predlaže čitanje: MEA DOM(N)A S(c)LAVA REGINA 1 Radoslav bužančić, »crkve sv. Vida na Klisu i sv. Marije u blizni Gornjoj«, Prilozi povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji 42 (2011), 29-62. 2 O natpisu s imenom kraljice bužančić raspravlja na str. 34-40. bužančić datira natpis u 9. st. i sugerira da je riječ o Trpimirovoj ženi. 3 bužančić, »crkve sv. Vida na Klisu i sv. Marije u blizni Gornjoj«, 34.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

STOLJEĆA TRAJANJA I STOLJEĆE ZABORAVA: bratovštine pijeteta, milosrđa, dobre smrti

Predavanje o kotorskim bratovštinama i flagelantskoj bratovštini Sv. Križa uz 800. obljetnicu prvoga spomena dubrovačkih bičevalaca.

Predavanje je održano u Dvorani Pape Ivana Pavla II u Dubrovniku 27. 2. 2025. godine u organizaciji Vijeća za kulturu i znanost Dubrovačke biskupije.

Iz perspektive recentnih spoznaja o ranosrednjovjekovnoj kontinentalnoj europskoj arhitekturi s jedne strane, te onoj pan-mediteranskoj s druge strane, kritički se revalorizira jedna od najslavnijih, ali i najviše osporavanih teza Ljube Karamana – ona o tzv. »crkvi- cama slobodnih oblika«. Pa iako su istraživanja ranosrednjovjekovne arhitekture istočno- jadranskog priobalja provođena tijekom druge polovine 20. stoljeća ukazala na određene mogućnosti njezina razvrstavanja prema tipološkim skupinama, isključivo traženje modela ili polazišta u kontinentalnoj zapadnoeuropskoj ranosrednjovjekovnoj arhitekturi jedno- stavno nije moglo pružiti jednoznačne odgovore. Sagledavanje kroz prizmu suvremenih interdisciplinarnih istraživanja pan-mediteranske (često krivo poimane kao isključivo »bi- zantske«) arhitekture istoga razdoblja vraća ovo graditeljstvo u okrilje pan-mediteranskog civilizacijskog kruga post-rimskoga doba, a time se ponovno aktualizira i Karamanova teza o »slobodnim oblicima«, svjesno prilagođavanim specifičnom mjestu, vremenu i okolnostima gradnje.

Sva četiri hrama u Dioklecijanovoj palači imala su kripte. Kripte pod Malim hramom (krstionica), Kibelinim hramom i pod onim poligonalnim (katedrala) također su u svezi s vodom. Osobito je zanimljiva kripta ispod poligonalnog hrama (katedrala) u kojoj je bunar. Pristup u tu kriptu, koja je naknadno posvećena sv. Luciji, ne nalazi se u osovini hrama, već bočno, a stepenište i hodnik, valja naglasiti, spajaju se pod pravim kutom, što onemogućuje prodor svjetla, kao što je to slučaj i kod drugih kripta u hramovima posvećenima egipatskim (aleksandrijskim) božanstvima. Kripte s vodom u hramovima u Dioklecijanovoj palači u Splitu, zajedno sa sfingama upućuje na pretpostavku o štovanju egipatskih božanstava. Njima je bilo posvećeno i poligonalno zdanje koje se inače smatra da je bilo Dioklecijanov mauzolej.

Zvonik splitske katedrale prije restauracije bio je pravi lapidarij, s velikim brojem antičkih i kasnoantičkih stupova, kapitela i natpisa te s jednim reljefom. Ugradnja spolija imala je i simboličkih razloga, kao dokaz starine i ugleda grada Splita koji se, posebno u crkvenom smislu, smatrao nasljednikom Salone.

Le style mudéjar et l'architecture néo-mudéjare comme composantes de l' idéologie nationaliste dans l'Espagne de la fin du xtx' siècle et du début du XX' siècle; .après un examen du concept et de son application à l'architecture , on envisage son emploi dans le cadre des expositions universelles et de l'architecture religieuse et civile du XIXème siècle

The main subject of the article is an analysis of
results of latest archeological – architectonic re
search, and their interpretation regarding the issue
of mutual relations between the buildings of pala
tium and the rotunda erected during the early
medieval period within the hillfort in Przemyśl.
The author draws attention to certain architecton
ic conditions, which force us to pose a question
concerning the correct interpretation of homoge
neity of the whole complex. Its location in relation
to the hillfort gate, confirmed expansion joint be
tween the load-bearing walls of the ground-level
section of the palatium and rotunda, locating the
entrance from the outside to the church in a place
hidden by the wall of the oblong building which
hindered communication, and secondary placing
of the empora inside the rotunda, are arguments
in favour of accepting the rotunda as a detached
missionary church in the original layout. Only in
the second phase, after adding the palace section,
the rotunda would have become a chapel with the
empora communicating directly with the formal
part of the palace, which would explain the minor
role of the outside entrance

In Georgia, numerous sites date back to the Bronze Age. Nearby Bashplemi Lake, the site of the discovery of a basalt tablet bearing an inscription with unknown characters, is the site where the skull of a 1.8-million-year-old hominin, the first European, was discovered. This tablet, which bears 60 signs, 39 of them different, raises the question of the origin of the Georgian script, proto-Georgian. While the basalt on which it is based is known to be of local origin, its meaning is unknown and there remains a long way to go to decipher it. An initial comparative analysis conducted with over 20 languages shows that the characters, which could belong to an aboriginal Caucasian population, beside proto-Georgian and Albanian writing signs, bear some similarities with Semitic, Brahmani, and North Iberian characters.

In Georgia, numerous sites date back to the Bronze Age. Nearby Bashplemi Lake, the site of the discovery of a basalt tablet bearing an inscription with unknown characters, is the site where the skull of a 1.8-million-year-old hominin, the first European, was discovered. This tablet, which bears 60 signs, 39 of them different, raises the question of the origin of the Georgian script, proto-Georgian. While the basalt on which it is based is known to be of local origin, its meaning is unknown and there remains a long way to go to decipher it. An initial comparative analysis conducted with over 20 languages shows that the characters, which could belong to an aboriginal Caucasian population, beside proto-Georgian and Albanian writing signs, bear some similarities with Semitic, Brahmani, and North Iberian characters.