Earhtquake Engineering

This paper presents a statistical correlation analysis of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity ratio (A/V) and other ground motion intensity measures (IMs) for Iran’s data. A/V is an important parameter that can significantly affect nonlinear structural responses. Findings from this study provide beneficial insights into selecting suitable parameters for characterizing earthquake ground motions. The studied database included 2053 strong ground motion records with the moment magnitude from 4.5 to 7.8 MW, rupture distance from 1 to 600 km, and average shear wave velocity from 155 to 1594 m/s. Correlation coefficients between A/V and several IMs were obtained for near-field and far-field records at three A/V levels, low A/V, middle A/V, and high A/V. Regression analyses for predicting A/V from the IMs were also conducted for near-field and far-field records. The results showed that the mean period (Tm) has the highest correlation with A/V at all A/V levels and for both far-field and near-field earthquakes compared to the other IMs. Therefore, this parameter can be employed for record selection as a frequency content-based parameter. Finally, current results showed that the accuracy of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are more than the regression models for predicting A/V.

ABSTRAK Negara Indonesia merupakan negara yang banyak mempunyai gunung api vulkanik dan termasuk dalam daerah cincin api (ring of fire), sehingga beberapa kawasan di Indonesia rawan terjadi bencana seperti gempa bumi. Beberapa bangunan bertingkat yang terletak di Yogyakarta didesain khusus sehingga mempunyai ketahanan terhadap gempa bumi. Selain kekuatan, efektivitas biaya dalam pembangunan juga dipertimbangkan sebagai pilihan. Dinding geser (shearwall) merupakan struktur dinding yang didesain khusus untuk menahan gaya gempa, untuk selanjutnya tipe struktur berpengaruh pada kekuatan bangunan. Perbandingan efisiensi rencana anggaran biaya dilakukan pada struktur asli (tanpa shearwall) dan struktur redesign ( dengan penambahan shearwall), dengan cara modelling struktur redesign pada SAP (Structure Anaysis Program). Output SAP berupa gaya dalam digunakan untuk perhitungan tulangan, Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan rencana anggaran biaya dari perhitungan tulangan dan dilakukan perbandi...

This project consists of a structural analysis and designs of G+8 reinforced concrete Building for mixed use in Adama Town. The plan area of the building is lay over (25*25=625m2) and have regular both in plan and elevation. During the analysis and design through in this project, EBCS is considered. The determination of maximum displacement for each story using ESA and THA method of analysis and design of each structural member using results for both MRF and dual resisting system covered in this project. The maximum displacement for MRF by ESA is 9.86cm using THA method and maximum displacement for dual is 6.21cm using THA method. From the result, it concluded that dual system is more effective than MRF during the resistance of the lateral forces or earthquake and require less steel reinforcement.

Flat slab adalah kontruksi pelat beton bertulang tanpa balok. Keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh adalah mengurangi ketinggian perlantai, mengurangi beban struktur, penghematan penggunaan plafon, penulangan yang lebih sederhana, dan pemasangan perancah dan bekisting yang ekonomis dalam membangun suatu bangunan gedung. Artikel ini memuat studi redesain struktur Gedung Awana Condotel Yogyakarta menggunakan metode flat slab di bawah zona gempa. Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) diperoleh dari perhitungan manual dan software ETABS 2016. Parameter yang ingin diketahui adalah dimensi dan penulangan pelat lantai, pelat atap, kolom, dan drop panel serta lendutan yang terjadi pada pelat. Hasil analisis dan perhitungan dimensi struktur menggunakan metode flat slab didapatkan tebal pelat lantai 210 mm, tebal pelat atap 150 mm, tebal drop panel 300 mm dengan lebar drop panel 2000 mm baik arah x maupun y, dan menggunakan dimensi kolom 1 yaitu 800 mm x 800 mm dan dimensi kolom 2 yaitu 400 x 400 mm. Lendutan yang terjadi pada pelat yaitu sebesar 0,17 mm untuk pelat lantai dan 0,30 mm untuk pelat atap. Analisa menggunakan software ETABS 2016 menunjukkan struktur gedung dengan periode (T) sebesar 1,04 detik.

The tall buildings are more flexible than the shorter buildings and they are sensitive to a different frequency range in the earthquake excitation. The earthquake success of tall buildings is reinforced by studies using average properties of earthquake and typical properties of tall buildings and there are no special earthquake hazards that arise simply as a consequence of height. The purpose of this paper is to discuss about different analysis methods, base isolation and soil structure interaction. Analysis method is used for a large variety of tall building configurations comprising slabs, beams, columns, foundations, walls, etc. Base isolation is a collection of structural elements which should substantially separate a superstructure from its substructure resting on a shaking ground which protects the integrity of building or non-building structures. It is one of the most powerful equipment's of earthquake engineering which uses the passive structural vibration control technologies. Soil Structure Interaction is the process in which the response of the soil influences the motion of the structure and the motion of the structure influences the response of the soil. General goal of the Soil Structure Interaction analysis is to calculate seismic response of structure bases on seismic response of free field.

Ditinjau dari segi umur, jumlah penduduk kota Semarang memiliki 70% dengan usia produktif dan 30% sisanya termasuk dalam usia balita dan lansia. Mayoritas penduduk pada usia produktif yaitu pelajar dan pekerja memiliki tingkat aktivitas yang tinggi sehingga membutuhkan jaminan kesehatannya. Oleh karena itu, kebutuhan akan rumah sakit akan terus naik seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. Berdasarkan pada jumlah lahan yang tersedia pada lokasi yang strategis, keterbatasan lahan pada pembangunan menjadi faktor utama dan dilakukan modifikasi pemodelan struktur gedung tersebut. Kombinasi beban menggunakan beban mati, hidup dan gempa. Perencanaan menggunakan aplikasi perangkat lunak yaitu ETABS 2018 v18.1.0 untuk mendapatkan hasil gaya dalam yang telah dimodelkan. Fungsi lain dari penggunaan aplikasi tersebut yaitu memasukkan gempa pada pemodelan struktur gedung yang mengacu pada SNI 1726:2019 sehingga bangunan tahan terhadap beban gempa yang terjadi. Rumah sakit termasuk dalam kategori resiko IV pada bangunan gedung dan non gedung untuk beban gempa. Analisis gempa meliputi periode fundamental, faktor skala, simpangan dan pengaruh P-Delta. Sistem struktur mengacu pada SNI 2847:2013 dan SNI 2847:2019 menggunakan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK). Perhitungan struktur meliputi struktur atas (pelat, balok, kolom, dinding geser, tangga) dan struktur bawah (tie beam, pondasi, pile cap). Perencanaan struktur gedung dimulai dari penentuan lokasi, pengambilan data, pengolahan data, penyusunan gambar struktur, analisa perhitungan struktur dan melakukan penyusunan jadwal pelaksanaan.

Mawaddah Medika Hospital requires personnel who have building expertise and require supporting equipment in terms of supervision and analysis to calculate building structures that meet standards. The purpose of this community service is the application of the Structural Analysis And Design (STAAD) Pro V8i application to calculate safe building structures that hospitals must provide to support their activities. The results of calculating the dimensions of the concrete and its reinforcement are based on the axial moments and forces carried on the Central Steril Supply Department building. Structural calculation method with Structural Analysis And Design (STAAD) Pro V8i. As a result of this community service activity, partners receive assistance in planning the structure of the building so that an effective planning implementation can be obtained.ABSTRAKRumah Sakit Mawaddah Medika, membutuhkan  kompetensi personil yang mempunyai keahlian Bangunan Gedung, serta membutuhkan  peralatan ya...

Under the scope of PEGASOS Refinement Project (PRP), where probabilistic seismic hazard assessment is performed for the nuclear power plant sites in Switzerland, one of the key issue was adjusting ground motion equations for the targeted region. During the PRP several sensitivity studies were performed with respect to the impact of the host-to-target conversion and it turned out that Vs-Kappa corrections are playing a key role with a large impact on the seismic hazard results as presented in SMIRT 21 (Renault, 2011). As a new step, it was tried to develop a generalized approach and get parameterized relations from pre-processed evaluation to apply Vs-Kappa correction to a specific GMPE.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) melakukan pembaharuan peraturan tentang tata cara perencanaan dan pembangunan gedung agar lebih efektif dan efisien dengan menerbitkan SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019. Gedung Auditorium FEM yang dibangun dan direncanakan pada tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa dalam perencanaanya belum mengacu pada peraturan terbaru. Maka dari itu, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian struktur Gedung Auditorium FEM dalam menahan gempa berdasarkan SNI 1726:2019, mengevaluasi kekuatan elemen struktur Gedung Auditorium FEM berdasarkan SNI 2847:2019, dan merekomendasikan perkuatan apabila elemen struktur terindikasi mengalami overstress. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Febrari-Juli 2020. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan SAP2000 v.20 berdasarkan as built drawing gedung. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan PCACOL 3.63. Hasil pemodelan Gedung Auditorium FEM memenuhi persyaratan pada SNI 1726:2019. Partisipasi massa yang terjadi telah memenuhi syarat 90% pada moda keempat baik untuk arah X maupun Y. Waktu getar alami untuk arah X dan Y adalah 0,753 detik, gaya geser dasar yang diperlukan dikalikan dengan faktor skala 2,27 untuk arah X dan 1,80 untuk arah Y, simpangan antar lantai untuk arah X dan Y aman. Analisis berdasarkan SNI 2847:2019 belum memenuhi persyaratan keselamatan struktur. Terdapat 29 balok dan 11 kolom yang mengalami tegangan lebih. Rekomendasi perkuatan struktur balok dan kolom dilakukan dengan metode FRP.

In the analysis of framed structures, the base is typically treated as fixed, disregarding the influence of soil and foundation flexibility. The flexibility of the soil can lead to a reduction in structural stiffness, resulting in an increase in the natural period of the structure. Such alterations in the dynamic properties can significantly impact the seismic response of the structure, making it a crucial factor for design considerations. This study endeavors to investigate and comprehend the response of a three-dimensional structure supported on pile foundations when subjected to dynamic loads. To achieve this objective, a 3D finite element analysis was performed using SAP2000 software. The analysis involved modeling a building frame with a pile group, where the piles were assumed to be embedded in cohesive soil. A parametric study was conducted to explore the behavior of the pile-soil system with different vertical geometrical irregular structure under dynamic load. The dynamic response of the structural system under investigation includes various parameters such as top storey displacement, acceleration, maximum axial force, and bending moment in columns, maximum bending moment in beams. The study demonstrates that soil-structure interaction magnifies the response of structurally irregular buildings. Therefore, it is advisable to account for the effects of soil-structure interaction when designing buildings susceptible to earthquake forces.

Kebutuhan akan gedung / tempat proses belajar mengajar di dunia akademik yaitu kampus merupakan kebutuhan yang tidak terpisahkan dan kebutuhan sekunder sebagai indikator keberhasilan dalam pencapaian proses akademik. Rancangan gedung kampus Fakultas Teknik Earth Ruwa Jurai University yang akan direncanakan diharapkan mampu menjawab apa yang diinginkan oleh Saburai Foundation sebagai pemilik kampus karena memenuhi syarat yaitu; kuat / kokoh, ekonomis, berarsitektur modern tanpa menghilangkan karakteristik kawasan, aman, nyaman dan layak fungsi. Hasil perancangan gedung Fakultas Teknik yang terletak di kampus ini menggunakan program terbaru yaitu Etabs yang berguna untuk menghitung kekuatan struktur gedung dan program Lumion yang berguna untuk perancangan arsitektur (tata letak, warna, lampu, animasi). , dll.) dari bangunan yang dapat dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang. (dimensi perspektif). Untuk perhitungan struktur mengacu pada SNI 1727: 2013 dan PPIUG 1983 (Struktur beton untuk k...

As a rule, public buildings should have higher safety level compared to residential ones. Hence, using base isolation systems is an effective and widely known way for improving dynamic response of such buildings. The idea of base isolation was known hundreds years ago, however practical implementation of base isolators started in the last few decades. The main advantage of a base isolation system is that no elements should be added to an isolated building, which is especially important for heritage architecture, forming a part of public buildings. Traditional base isolation system is obtained by using two main base isolator types-elastomeric bearings or friction pendulums. Hundreds of buildings all over the world are provided by such isolators and proved enhanced dynamic behavior. Design of base isolation systems and selection of their properties usually depend on dynamic characteristics of the isolated building. The last can be obtained, for example, by non-destructive impulse testing of the structure before its protection. An appropriate method for structural dynamic parameters experimental estimation was developed by the authors. For this reason an impulse test was carried out on a three-story structural part of a building designed for a seismic region. Another method, which is also discussed in the paper, is based on seismic monitoring of a building in a waiting regime. In some cases the displacements at the base isolation level are rather big and exceed the allowed limits. In such cases it is recommended to add dampers to the base isolation system. Effective variable friction dampers were proposed and tested by the authors. These dampers significantly reduce the displacements between the first floor column and foundation and additionally yield further improvement in the structural seismic response.

Perkembangan gedung vertikal menjadi suatu kebutuhan. Hal ini terbatasnya lahan salah satu faktor permasalahan khusus di daerah perkotaan, Rentannya struktur gedung vertikal mampu menahan gaya lateral pada gempa yang terjadi, Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sistem rangka pemikul momen biasa tanpa sistem dinding geser. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui bagaimana cara mengevaluasi struktur menggunakan analisis dinamik metode respon spektrum pada SNI 1726:2019 digunakan untuk menganalisa gedung Jamaliah. Hasil analisa menunjukkan partisipasi massa ragam yaitu 91%-93%, gaya geser dasar nominal Vx yaitu 17103,46 kNdan Vy yaitu 17103,46 kN , waktu getar alami fundamental Tcxyaitu 1,793 s dan Tcyyaitu 1,832 s, gaya geser dasar terbesar arah x yaitu 3,46 mm dan y yaitu 15,92 mm, Simpangan antar lantai terjadi rata-rata arah x yaitu197,76 mm dan arah y adalah 209,85 mm. Sehingga kerusakan struktur bangunan dianggap lebih besarketika terjadi goncangan atau pergerakkan struktur bangunan akibat beban lateral pada beban gempa yangterjadi. Sehingga sistem rangka pemikul momen biasa tanpa dinding geser yang terletak di inti bangunan pada permodelan ETAB S2016v2.1 dianggap tidak efektif menahan gaya lateral pembebanan gempa SNI1726:2019.

Structural systems that do not use a beam as the main component were first developed by Turner in 1906. This structural system is better known as a flat slab. The flat slab structure is supported by column heads and drop panels, or without drop panels, or without column heads. Several building codes such as IS 456: 2000, ACI 318-08, ACI 318-19, EC 2:2004, and NZS 3101 (Part 1):2006 provide guidance for designing flat slab systems under gravity loads only. However, many flat slab buildings are also built in areas with high earthquakes which can cause the collapse of buildings due to earthquake loads. In this paper the 10-level flat slab building structure design results are analyzed using nonlinear time history response analysis with the help of OpenSees Navigator software using several earthquake records, namely Kobe (Japan, 1995), Imperial Valley (California, 1979) and Tabas (Iran, 1978) which has been adjusted to the design spectra of the city of Yogyakarta. From the results of th...

Flat slab adalah pelat beton bertulang yang didukung oleh kolom ditambah drop panel atau mungkin kolom ditambah kepala kolom atau tanpa kepala kolom dan drop panel. Metode desain dan analisis flat slab yang akan digunakan adalah metode desain langsung dimana metode tersebut adalah menentukan tebal minimum pelat yang tinjau berdasarkan mutu baja yang akan digunakan pada analisis ini. Distribusi momen pada analisis dengan metode desain langsung menghasilkan momen total yang kemudian akan didistribusi ke masing-masing panel untuk lajur kolom dan lajur tengah. Kegagalan geser (punching shear) terjadi pada area penampang kritis di sekitar kepala kolom dan drop panel sehingga kekuatan geser akan dihitung berdasarkan nilai kekuatan geser yang terjadi dan akan di kontrol dengan kekuatan geser dari mutu beton yang digunakan. Dalam tulisan ini desain dan analisis akan dilakukan secara numerik berdasarkan SNI 2847:2019 dengan menggunakan software Matlab. Selanjutnya hasil analisis yang telah d...

Flat slab adalah kontruksi pelat beton bertulang tanpa balok. Keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh adalah mengurangi ketinggian perlantai, mengurangi beban struktur, penghematan penggunaan plafon, penulangan yang lebih sederhana, dan pemasangan perancah dan bekisting yang ekonomis dalam membangun suatu bangunan gedung. Artikel ini memuat studi redesain struktur Gedung Awana Condotel Yogyakarta menggunakan metode flat slab di bawah zona gempa. Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) diperoleh dari perhitungan manual dan software ETABS 2016. Parameter yang ingin diketahui adalah dimensi dan penulangan pelat lantai, pelat atap, kolom, dan drop panel serta lendutan yang terjadi pada pelat. Hasil analisis dan perhitungan dimensi struktur menggunakan metode flat slab didapatkan tebal pelat lantai 210 mm, tebal pelat atap 150 mm, tebal drop panel 300 mm dengan lebar drop panel 2000 mm baik arah x maupun y, dan menggunakan dimensi kolom 1 yaitu 800 mm x 800 mm dan dimensi kolom 2 yaitu 400 x 400 mm. Lendutan yang terjadi pada pelat yaitu sebesar 0,17 mm untuk pelat lantai dan 0,30 mm untuk pelat atap. Analisa menggunakan software ETABS 2016 menunjukkan struktur gedung dengan periode (T) sebesar 1,04 detik.

Structural engineer's greatest challenge in today's scenario is constructing seismic resistant structures. In this paper, the influence of the earthquake direction on the seismic response of RC buildings is examined. In this study, three RC buildings, One regular and Two plan irregular buildings (Plus-shape, H-shape) are investigated for critical seismic incidence angle. All the buildings having the same floor plan area are modelled to have a better comparative study. In this paper, all the buildings are subjected to ground accelerations (Northridge earthquake record) in twelve directions whose values ranges between 0 to 180 degrees, with an increment of 15 degrees. The Linear Time History Analysis (LTHA) has been carried out for the above said buildings using ETABS v 15 Software. It is observed from the study that, the structural demand produced varies as the function of incidence angle of the seismic input. The various response parameters studied are axial forces in the columns, maximum storey displacement and storey shear. The results show that angle of seismic input motion considerably influences the response of RC structures.

Following the Northridge earthquake in 1994, widespread damage including brittle cracking was observed in steel structural components; and by that time, the attention of researchers has been shifted towards development of improved connection details to make them less prone to brittle fracture. However, studies have shown that these postNorthridge connections with higher toughness weld and base metal and reduced fracture toughness can still have the tendency to fracture but in a ductile manner. This paper aims to simulate ductile fracture in a steel moment connection subjected to large amplitude cyclic loading with limited number of cycles (less than 20). Location of crack initiation is predicted by a micromechanical model called cyclic void growth model, and crack propagation is simulated in a step-by-step procedure. The aforementioned model was firstly developed for predicting crack initiation under cyclic loading based on the concept of nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids ...

Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) melakukan pembaharuan peraturan tentang tata cara perencanaan dan pembangunan gedung agar lebih efektif dan efisien dengan menerbitkan SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019. Gedung Auditorium FEM yang dibangun dan direncanakan pada tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa dalam perencanaanya belum mengacu pada peraturan terbaru. Maka dari itu, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian struktur Gedung Auditorium FEM dalam menahan gempa berdasarkan SNI 1726:2019, mengevaluasi kekuatan elemen struktur Gedung Auditorium FEM berdasarkan SNI 2847:2019, dan merekomendasikan perkuatan apabila elemen struktur terindikasi mengalami overstress. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Febrari – Juli 2020. Pemodelan dilakukan menggunakan SAP2000 v.20 berdasarkan as built drawing gedung. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan PCACOL 3.63. Hasil pemodelan Gedung Auditorium FEM memenuhi persyaratan pada SNI 1726:2019. Partisipasi massa yang terjadi telah memenuhi syara...

Kebutuhan akan gedung / tempat proses belajar mengajar di dunia akademik yaitu kampus merupakan kebutuhan yang tidak terpisahkan dan kebutuhan sekunder sebagai indikator keberhasilan dalam pencapaian proses akademik. Rancangan gedung kampus Fakultas Teknik Earth Ruwa Jurai University yang akan direncanakan diharapkan mampu menjawab apa yang diinginkan oleh Saburai Foundation sebagai pemilik kampus karena memenuhi syarat yaitu; kuat / kokoh, ekonomis, berarsitektur modern tanpa menghilangkan karakteristik kawasan, aman, nyaman dan layak fungsi. Hasil perancangan gedung Fakultas Teknik yang terletak di kampus ini menggunakan program terbaru yaitu Etabs yang berguna untuk menghitung kekuatan struktur gedung dan program Lumion yang berguna untuk perancangan arsitektur (tata letak, warna, lampu, animasi). , dll.) dari bangunan yang dapat dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang. (dimensi perspektif). Untuk perhitungan struktur mengacu pada SNI 1727: 2013 dan PPIUG 1983 (Struktur beton untuk k...

Flat slab adalah pelat beton bertulang yang didukung oleh kolom ditambah drop panel atau mungkin kolom ditambah kepala kolom atau tanpa kepala kolom dan drop panel. Metode desain dan analisis flat slab yang akan digunakan adalah metode desain langsung dimana metode tersebut adalah menentukan tebal minimum pelat yang tinjau berdasarkan mutu baja yang akan digunakan pada analisis ini. Distribusi momen pada analisis dengan metode desain langsung menghasilkan momen total yang kemudian akan didistribusi ke masing-masing panel untuk lajur kolom dan lajur tengah. Kegagalan geser (punching shear) terjadi pada area penampang kritis di sekitar kepala kolom dan drop panel sehingga kekuatan geser akan dihitung berdasarkan nilai kekuatan geser yang terjadi dan akan di kontrol dengan kekuatan geser dari mutu beton yang digunakan. Dalam tulisan ini desain dan analisis akan dilakukan secara numerik berdasarkan SNI 2847:2019 dengan menggunakan software Matlab. Selanjutnya hasil analisis yang telah d...

Flat slab adalah kontruksi pelat beton bertulang tanpa balok. Keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh adalah mengurangi ketinggian perlantai, mengurangi beban struktur, penghematan penggunaan plafon, penulangan yang lebih sederhana, dan pemasangan perancah dan bekisting yang ekonomis dalam membangun suatu bangunan gedung. Artikel ini memuat studi redesain struktur Gedung Awana Condotel Yogyakarta menggunakan metode flat slab di bawah zona gempa. Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) diperoleh dari perhitungan manual dan software ETABS 2016. Parameter yang ingin diketahui adalah dimensi dan penulangan pelat lantai, pelat atap, kolom, dan drop panel serta lendutan yang terjadi pada pelat. Hasil analisis dan perhitungan dimensi struktur menggunakan metode flat slab didapatkan tebal pelat lantai 210 mm, tebal pelat atap 150 mm, tebal drop panel 300 mm dengan lebar drop panel 2000 mm baik arah x maupun y, dan menggunakan dimensi kolom 1 yaitu 800 mm x 800 mm dan dimensi kolom 2 yaitu 400 x 400 mm. Lendutan yang terjadi pada pelat yaitu sebesar 0,17 mm untuk pelat lantai dan 0,30 mm untuk pelat atap. Analisa menggunakan software ETABS 2016 menunjukkan struktur gedung dengan periode (T) sebesar 1,04 detik.

Within the confines of this study, seismic soil liquefaction triggering potential of a dam foundation
is assessed within an integrated probabilistic seismic hazard assessment framework. More
specifically, the scheme presented hereby directly integrates effective stress-based seismic soil
liquefaction triggering assessment with seismic hazard analysis framework, supported by an
illustrative case. The proposed methodology successively, i) processes the discrete stages of
probabilistic seismic hazard workflow upon seismic source characterization, ii) numerically
develops the target elastic acceleration response spectra for typical rock sites, covering all the
scenario bins that are re-grouped with respect to earthquake magnitude and distance, iii) matches
the strong ground motion records selected from a database with the target response spectra for
every defined bin, and iv) performs 2-D equivalent linear seismic response analyses of a 56 m high
earthfill dam founded on 24 m thick alluvial deposits. Results of seismic response analyses are
presented in the form of annual probability of excess pore pressure ratios and lateral deformations
exceeding certain threshold values. For the purpose of assessing the safety of the dam slopes, φ-c
reduction-based slope stability analyses were also performed for post liquefaction conditions As
the concluding remark, it is believed that the proposed probabilistic seismic performance
assessment methodology which incorporates both φ-c reduction-based failure probabilities and
seismic soil liquefaction-induced deformation potentials, provides dam engineers to rationally
quantify the level of confidence with their decisions regarding if costly mitigation of dam
foundation soils against seismic soil liquefaction triggering hazard and induced risks is necessary.
Keywords: Seismic hazard, liquefaction, earthfill dams, dynamic analysis
INTRODUCTION

Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah (Kabupaten Katingan) mengalami gempa dengan besar magnitude 4,20 Skala Richter pada 12 Juli 2018. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, memberikan minat kepada saya untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai “Evaluasi Struktur Gedung Pasca Sarjana IAIN Palangka Raya Terhadap Potensi Gempa di Kota Palangka Raya - Kalimantan Tengah” menggunakan aplikasi atau perangkat lunak ETABS dan SAP2000 untuk menganalisa apakah bangunan tersebut telah mampu bertahan apabila diberikan potensi beban gempa. Parameter Perhitungan Gempa Running SAP2000 dan ETABS, yaitu sesuai dengan SNI 1727-2002 dan SNI 1727 2012 mengenai gempa. Pengaruh penambahan beban gempa berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan bangunan yang mana terjadi kegagalan struktur pada tulangan utama untuk B2, B5, B3 Ramp, K3, K4, dan K5, kegagalan geser terjadi pada B2, B5, B3 Ramp, K3, K4, dan K5. Rekapitulasi gaya momen pada penelitian ini, selisih nilai rata-rata balok yaitu 19,78% untuk tumpuan dan 17,22% untuk lapangan. Selisi...

The dissertation work is concerned with the comparison of the seismic evaluation of RC buildings connected with and without friction dampers, the method carried out in terms of equivalent static, response spectrum and pushover analysis according to IS 1893:2002(part1) code.G+5, G+10 and G+15 storey buildings respectively are considered for the analysis. In this analysis for friction damper buildings, the dampers are connected at corners of all the buildings. The comparison of equivalent static method and response spectrum method by using finite element software package ETABS version 9.7.4 is used to perform the modeling and analysis of G+5, G+10 and G+15 storey buildings by considering the seismic zone IV as per IS 1893:2002(part 1) code. For analysis various IS codes have been referred. For Gravity load combination IS 456:2000 and for 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 seismic load combinations as per IS 1893:2002 (part 1) code is referred. In this study building model analysis carried out namely gravity, equivalent static and response spectrum in longitudinal direction & transverse direction discussed and comparisons of codal values of the software analysis values. Results of these analyses are discussed in terms of the time period, storey displacement, storey drift and base shear. From these results it is concluded that time period, storey displacement and storey drift will be more in regular buildings compare with the friction damper buildings, whereas the base shear will be less in regular buildings compare with the friction damper buildings.

As a rule, public buildings should have higher safety level compared to residential ones. Hence, using base isolation systems is an effective and widely known way for improving dynamic response of such buildings. The idea of base isolation was known hundreds years ago, however practical implementation of base isolators started in the last few decades. The main advantage of a base isolation system is that no elements should be added to an isolated building, which is especially important for heritage architecture, forming a part of public buildings. Traditional base isolation system is obtained by using two main base isolator types-elastomeric bearings or friction pendulums. Hundreds of buildings all over the world are provided by such isolators and proved enhanced dynamic behavior. Design of base isolation systems and selection of their properties usually depend on dynamic characteristics of the isolated building. The last can be obtained, for example, by non-destructive impulse testing of the structure before its protection. An appropriate method for structural dynamic parameters experimental estimation was developed by the authors. For this reason an impulse test was carried out on a three-story structural part of a building designed for a seismic region. Another method, which is also discussed in the paper, is based on seismic monitoring of a building in a waiting regime. In some cases the displacements at the base isolation level are rather big and exceed the allowed limits. In such cases it is recommended to add dampers to the base isolation system. Effective variable friction dampers were proposed and tested by the authors. These dampers significantly reduce the displacements between the first floor column and foundation and additionally yield further improvement in the structural seismic response.

A method for deriving kappa (κ) scaling factors that can be applied to ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to account for site-specific κ estimates is described. This method relies on inverse random vibration theory as implemented in the computer program Strata (Kottke and Rathje, 2008a,b) to derive a Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) that is consistent with the response spectrum from the GMPE. The GMPE host κ values are estimated by fitting the high-frequency FAS with the Anderson and Hough (1984) κ scaling function. The derived FAS are then scaled from their host κ value to a target κ. Random vibration theory (Cartwright and Longuet-Higgins, 1956) is then used to convert the κ scaled FAS to response spectra, and κ scaling factors are computed by the ratio of the κ scaled response spectra to the GMPE response spectra. In contrast to the commonly used hybrid empirical method (Campbell, 2003), the proposed approach does not require a full seismological model for the stochastic parameters (stress drop, whole-path attenuation, etc.) of the host and target regions and does not assume that response spectral shape of GMPE is consistent with that of the representative point-source stochastic model for the host region, which can lead to inappropriate response spectral scaling factors. Finally, the effects of the wellknown trade-off between κ and stress drop scaling are reduced. The method, when applied within the frequency limitations discussed in this paper, can be used to incorporate κ scaling into GMPEs.

A new combined rings and horizontal steel pipe as hysteretic dampers for seismic resistant steel structures have been developed. Simulation studies for various models of the dampers have been carried out under cyclic shear loadings. In each model, different strengthening strategy applied to the combined rings and horizontal steel pipe damper was explored. The chosen model among simulated dampers experienced extensive yield under different cyclic loadings. The specimens of the chosen model have been tested using the same four different cyclic shear loadings, which are ultralow-cycle fatigue (ULCF) loads representing extreme earthquakes. At the end of each testing, all tested dampers experienced ductile fracture. The test results showed all dampers have a stable hysteretic response under ULCF loads. All dampers exhibit excellent ductility represented by many plastic cycles before failures. If enough number of dampers are installed in building structures, the combined rings and horizontal steel pipe dampers can be used as the seismic energy dissipating devices for steel structures.

Peningkatan pembangunan infrastruktur memerlukan ruang yang cukup untuk memenuhi sebagaimana akan difungsikan, namun tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan lahan yang ada menyebabkan pembangunan rumah hunian, apartemen, maupun gedung kantor dilakukan secara vertikal supaya kebutuhan dan fungsi ruangan tetap terpenuhi walaupun dengan luas lahan yang terbatas. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah kebutuhan ruang meningkat, namun gedung bertingkat dibatasi dengan peraturan kota mengenai ketentuan tinggi bangunan. Peraturan Kota Yogyakarta mengenai ketentuan tinggi bangunan dengan ketinggian lebih dari 32 meter harus seizin Wali Kota dan Komandan Pangkalan TNI AU (Danlanud) Adi Sucipto (Peraturan Wali Kota Yogyakarta No. 53 Tahun 2017). Penggunaan sistem struktur pelat flat slab tidak memerlukan ruang yang lebih banyak dibanding dengan sistem struktur beton konvensional, sehingga flat slab dapat menjadi solusi dalam penghematan tinggi bangunan. Pada perancangan ini, gedung yang digunakan memil...

The PEGASOS project, a state-of-the-art probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for the nuclear power plant sites in Switzerland has been carried out from 2000 to 2004. The quantification of the epistemic uncertainty in seismic hazard at the four Swiss nuclear power plant sites was the key aspect of the PEGASOS project. After the completion of the project, the Swiss utilities decided to perform a refinement of the study by collecting additional data and using new advances in science, especially in the field of ground motion modeling, to further reduce the identified uncertainties. Some new challenges for the scientific community and the implementing industry have been identified, which of one is adjusting ground motion prediction equations from their host conditions to the target conditions. Here, the comparisons between the obtained results from some host-to-target conversion correction methods are illustrated with emphasis on their significant impact on PHSA results.

The reference rock site condition is defined by the shear (S)-and compression (P)-wave velocities, as well as a site attenuation parameter (0 ). The significance of the reference rock is that it represents the site condition for which ground motions will be estimated using semi-empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Moreover, it is the site condition where site amplification are referenced to (i.e., site amplification is unity for reference rock). This paper presents the recommendation of a reference S-wave velocity, a reference P-wave velocity, and S-wave site attenuation parameter, 0  , associated with a reference rock site condition in Central and Eastern North America (CENA), supported by results of a comprehensive literature search and additional studies. The work is part of the Next Generation Attenuation Relationships for Central and Eastern North America (NGA-East) Project. The recommended Sand P-wave velocities are 3,000 and 5,500 m/sec, respectively. Considering a  5% impact on the site amplification, ranges for the reference Sand P-wave velocities of 2,700 to 3,300 m/sec and 5,000 to 6,100 m/sec, respectively, are recommended. The recommended reference rock site kappa is 0.006 sec. The uncertainty in the site kappa is described using a log-normal distribution with an aleatory standard deviation of 0.43, and epistemic standard deviations of 0.12, when uncertainty in source, path, and site-amplification effects are included in simulations used to develop ground motion prediction equations, and 0.20, when they are not.

Following the Northridge earthquake in 1994, widespread damage including brittle cracking was observed in steel structural components; and by that time, the attention of researchers has been shifted towards development of improved connection details to make them less prone to brittle fracture. However, studies have shown that these postNorthridge connections with higher toughness weld and base metal and reduced fracture toughness can still have the tendency to fracture but in a ductile manner. This paper aims to simulate ductile fracture in a steel moment connection subjected to large amplitude cyclic loading with limited number of cycles (less than 20). Location of crack initiation is predicted by a micromechanical model called cyclic void growth model, and crack propagation is simulated in a step-by-step procedure. The aforementioned model was firstly developed for predicting crack initiation under cyclic loading based on the concept of nucleation, growth and coalescence of voids ...

Pengevaluasian struktur gedung kuliah ini digunakan konsep Desain Kapasitas. Adapun penggunaan konsep ini bertujuan agar apabila terjadi gempa kuat yang menyebabkan terbentuknya sendi plastis pada elemen struktur diharapkan dapat terjadi pada balok. Guna menjamin terjadinya sendi plastis pada balok tersebut, maka kolom harus didesain lebih kuat dari balok (Strong Column Weak Beam) yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh perencanaan struktur yang aman dan ekonomis. Analisis gayagaya dalam struktur dihitung dengan bantuan program ETABS v.9.7.2. Hasil dari perhitungan yang telah dilakukan menunjukan bahwa elemen struktur Gedung Kuliah ini aman secara analisis.

Pada umumnya arsitek menginginkan desain struktur gedung dengan jarak antara kolom yang cukup lebar, tetapi tinggi tiap lantai dari gedung tidak terlalu tinggi hanya berkisar 3-5 meter. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan sistem struktur Flat Plate. Flat Plate digunakan untuk mereduksi ketebalan pelat, karena berhubungan dengan bentang yang dibuat cukup panjang. Indonesia adalah daerah rawan gempa maka perlu diperhitungkan sistem penahan gempa agar strukturnya dapat menahan beban gempa yang terjadi sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Dengan berkembangnya program komputer, maka struktur Flat Plate dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan program Etabs Nonlinear dengan sistem penahan gempanya memakai Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Menengah (SRPMM). Berdasarkan analisis numerik tiga dimensi, digunakan untuk menvalidasi hasil yang didapatkan oleh komputer dengan program Etabs, maka dapat dilakukan perhitungan pembanding analisis manual yaitu dengan Portal Ekivalen tahan gempa cara Muto. Hasil perhitungan analisis manual dan numerik, dimana analisis manual dijadikan sebagai acuan, diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut : luas tulangan kolom tiap lantai berkisar 4,4%, dan Nilai d (simpangan) dari hasil perhitungan secara program ETABS lebih besar daripada nilai d (simpangan) yang diperoleh dari manual. Sehingga dapat dipastikan akan menghasilkan besar dan jumlah tulangan yang sama. Halaman SURAT KETERANGAN TUGAS AKHIR.

Kebutuhan akan gedung / tempat proses belajar mengajar di dunia akademik yaitu kampus merupakan kebutuhan yang tidak terpisahkan dan kebutuhan sekunder sebagai indikator keberhasilan dalam pencapaian proses akademik. Rancangan gedung kampus Fakultas Teknik Earth Ruwa Jurai University yang akan direncanakan diharapkan mampu menjawab apa yang diinginkan oleh Saburai Foundation sebagai pemilik kampus karena memenuhi syarat yaitu; kuat / kokoh, ekonomis, berarsitektur modern tanpa menghilangkan karakteristik kawasan, aman, nyaman dan layak fungsi. Hasil perancangan gedung Fakultas Teknik yang terletak di kampus ini menggunakan program terbaru yaitu Etabs yang berguna untuk menghitung kekuatan struktur gedung dan program Lumion yang berguna untuk perancangan arsitektur (tata letak, warna, lampu, animasi). , dll.) dari bangunan yang dapat dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang. (dimensi perspektif). Untuk perhitungan struktur mengacu pada SNI 1727: 2013 dan PPIUG 1983 (Struktur beton untuk k...

Asymmetric buildings often undergo unfavorable seismic behaviour, which results the irregular concentration of plastic demand in limited or vulnerable portion of the structure and subsequently, invite the early collapse of the structure during seismic vibrations. L-shaped buildings are among those asymmetric structures which are commonly found in the form of school, office, commercial as well as residential buildings. Accordingly, an analytical study is performed to investigate the seismic behaviour of plan irregular buildings. Moreover, to understand the effect of length of projection of the structure on the dynamic characteristics, different projection length lead to different aspect ratios for the same building plan shape have been analyzed here. It is observed that variation in projection length of such buildings have significant effect on the dynamic characteristics. However, the seismic response of few L-shaped buildings are analyzed using nonlinear static method and results have been shown in terms of capacity curve, performance point, interstorey drift, column shear, and plastic hinge formation pattern. Seismic demands of asymmetric systems are found to be potentially high due to its asymmetric distribution of mass, stiffness and strength, which is one of the major sources of damage, as it causes torsional floor rotation.

Perkembangan pesat dan industrialisasi besar di kota metropolitan menyebabkan naiknya angka urbanisasi ke kota tersebut. Dengan minimnya lahan diperkotaan, perlu dikembangkan bangunan vertikal. Pengembangan ini rentan terhadap beban lateral seperti angin dan gempa. Dengan demikian, para insinyur harus solutif dalam memilih sistem mana yang digunakan untuk merancang bangunan. Pemilihan sistem harus mempertimbangkan aspek kekuatan dan efisiensi sistem struktur karena bangunan yang kuat menahan gaya gempa memerlukan biaya konstruksi yang sangat mahal. Apartemen Puncak Dharma Husada berkapasitas 40 lantai menggunakan kombinasi shearwall dan outrigger system. Outrigger merupakan elemen struktur terdiri dari balok setinggi satu lantai yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kekakuan keseluruhan bangunan sehingga dapat mereduksi dimensi balok dan kolom. Meningkatnya kekakuan juga dapat mengurangi periode dan simpangan bangunan. Pada tugas akhir ini, elemen outrigger dan belt truss, dimana outrigger dirancang sebagai balok tinggi beton bertulang dan belt truss yang dirancang sebagai struktur rangka yang terbuat dari baja.

Struktur beton bertulang dengan flat slab umumnya menjadi populer di sistem konstruksi bangunan untuk metode cor di tempat. Metode ini didukung oleh kolom tanpa menggunakan balok atau dengan penebalan area kolom. Konsep ini memberikan beberapa manfaat dalam konstruksi yaitu, kemudahan dalam konstruksi, fleksibilitas arsitektur dan mengurangi item pekerjaan. Akan tetapi, efektifitas struktur tersebut didukung dengan rendahnya kapasitas dalam menahan pengaruh beban gempa dan besarnya efek dari punching shear . Dalam penelitian ini, dua jenis sistem struktur akan dianalisa yang, yaitu pelat dengan balok dalok dan flat slab dengan drop panel . Studi kasus diambil pada bangunan empat lantai, perpustakaan IAIN Madura, dengan bentang panel 6 m dan 7.2 m yang masing-masing menggunakan dimensi drop panel 2 m dan 1.5 m, akan dimodelkan ulang secara numerik menggunakan konsep rangka ekuivalen dan metode desain langsung menggunakan ETABS 2018. Pelat menggunakan balok juga dianalisa sebagai pemb...

Apartemen pada perencanaan kali ini terletak dikota Cianjur dengan luas bangunan 824m yang memilikijumlah lantai 10 lantai yang memiliki tinggi total bangunan 40,5m diasumsikan bahwa apartemen inidibangun diatas tanah keras (kelas situs SC), bangunan ini menggunakan metode sistem ganda gabunganantara sistem rangka pemikul momen khusus dan dinding geser yang mengacu pada SNI-1726-2012 tatacara perencanaan ketahanan gempa untuk struktur bangunan gedung dan nongedung, pembebanannongempa mengacu pada SNI-1727-2013 beban minimum untuk perencanaan bangunan gedung danstruktur lain. Struktur sekunder berupa tangga dan struktur primer berupa kolom, balok, pelat, dindinggeser. Keseluruhan struktur adalah beton dengan mengacu pada SNI-2847-2013 tata cara perhitunganstruktur beton untuk bangunan gedung, setelah dianalisis menggunakan gempa dinamik respon spectrumdan dicek terhadap jumlah ragam, simpangan antar lantai, p-delta, redundansi, ketidakberaturan horisontaldan vertikal didapat ukuran k...

Persyaratan beton struktural untuk bangunan gedung ICS 91.080.40 Badan Standardisasi Nasional "Hak Cipta Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Copy standar ini dibuat untuk penayangan di www.bsn.go.id dan tidak untuk di komersialkan" © BSN 2013 Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang. Dilarang mengumumkan dan memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi dokumen ini dengan cara dan dalam bentuk apapun serta dilarang mendistribusikan dokumen ini baik secara elektronik maupun tercetak tanpa izin tertulis dari BSN

While considerable progress has been made in simulating the overall seismic response of steel structures using nonlinear response history (dynamic) analysis, techniques to simulate fracture propagation under large scale inelastic cyclic loading are not as well developed. This is despite the fact that fracture is often a critical limit state that can precipitate structural failure and collapse. To address this, a new ductile damage-based cohesive zone model is presented. The proposed model is an extension of the established continuum-based local or micromechanical ductile fracture models for evaluating ultra-low cycle fatigue in structural steels. This model is implemented in the finite element program WARP3D, and evaluated against tests of notched bars that fail by ductile crack propagation. The preliminary results indicate that the model is an effective tool for predicting ductile fracture initiation and propagation in structural steels subjected to monotonic and cyclic large scale...

Micromechanics-based models that capture interactions of stress and strain provide accurate criteria to predict ductile fracture in finite element simulations of structural steel components. Two such models-the Void Growth Model and the Stress Modified Critical Strain Model are applied to a series of twelve pull-plate tests that represent reduced (or net) section conditions in bolted and reduced beam section connections. Two steel varieties, A572 Grade 50 and a high-performance Grade 70 bridge steel are investigated. The models are observed to predict fracture much more accurately than basic longitudinal strain criteria, by capturing stress-strain interactions that lead to fracture. The flat stress and strain gradients in these pull plates allow the use of relatively coarse finite element meshes providing economy of computation while capturing fundamental material behavior and offering insights into localized ductile fracture effects.

Aleatory variability in ground-motion prediction, represented by the standard deviation (sigma) of a ground-motion prediction equation, exerts a very strong influence on the results of probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis (PSHA). This is especially so at the low annual exceedance frequencies considered for nuclear facilities; in these cases, even small reductions in sigma can have a marked effect on the hazard estimates. Proper separation and quantification of aleatory variability and epistemic uncertainty can lead to defensible reductions in sigma. One such approach is the single-station sigma concept, which removes that part of sigma corresponding to repeatable site-specific effects. However, the site-to-site component must then be constrained by site-specific measurements or else modeled as epistemic uncertainty and incorporated into the modeling of site effects. The practical application of the single-station sigma concept, including the characterization of the dynamic properties of the site and the incorporation of site-response effects into the hazard calculations, is illustrated for a PSHA conducted at a rock site under consideration for the potential construction of a nuclear power plant.

Floor slabs are structural components of a building that have certain dimensions to transmit dead and live loads on them to be distributed to their supports. Designing the floor slabs of a building, load data will be borne by the structure, so that the planned structure is able to bear the loads and forces that work. With careful planning, it is expected that the dimensions and reinforcement of the floor slabs are economical and safe which can avoid deflection and cracks. The building being reviewed is hospitals in Surabaya. This building consists of 9 floors with a height of up to 37 m. Planning dimensions and reinforcement in this hospital building includes two-way slabs with different size variations. The analysis was carried out using the 'envelope method' in accordance with SNI 2847: 2013 (Basics of Reinforced Concrete Planning). The results of the analysis of dimensions and reinforcement in this hospital building are: a) the dimensions / thickness of the plate on the r...