Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Nutrigenomics is a methodical study of the impact of nutrition input on the natural environment and genetic factors and their application to the health of the periodontium will offer valuable insights in the pathogenic processes of the disease. The relevance of the interface between nutrigenomics and prophylaxis/therapeutic approaches to periodontal disease is currently interrogated in the present review with respect to the relationship between periodontal status and the variety of nutrients and dietary compounds, the macronutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and micronutrients. A review is also given on recent nutrigenomic discoveries that refer to gingival health. All of this evidence represents that genetic heterogeneity adjusts digestive efficiency and predisposition to periodontal pathology. The connection between nutrition and periodontal health is mused upon, and special consideration has been given to the effect that components of the diet have on the periodontal gene expression and inflammatory reactions. Despite the significant efforts undertaken, it is difficult to apply the nutrigenomic strategies in the practice of clinical work. Therefore, it is crucial that further research of the mechanisms peculiar to periodontal disease is continued to provide specific recommendations regarding diets, depending on the individual phenotype. In this way, this review underlines the promise of nutrigenomic technologies in supporting the field of periodontal care as well as in optimising the oral health of clinically heterogeneous populations.

The SBC Guide is a practical tool to help development and humanitarian teams design, implement, and evaluate effective Social and Behavior Change strategies across all sectors. It emphasizes that achieving sustainable change requires going beyond providing information to also addressing social norms, emotional drivers, enabling environments, and systemic factors.
The guide provides a standard framework, definitions, and processes for SBC. It is designed for technical advisors, program managers, partner staff, and others seeking to improve program outcomes by integrating behavior and social change approaches.
SBC is defined as a systematic, theory-driven, and evidence-based process to influence individual behaviors, social norms, and the environments that shape them. A key insight is that knowledge alone is rarely enough to drive change; emotion, relationships, habits, context, and enabling environments matter deeply. The evolution of SBC reflects this understanding shifting from health education to Information, Education and Communication (IEC), then to Behavior Change Communication (BCC), Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC), and now SBC. This progression highlights the movement away from one-way messaging toward multi-level, participatory approaches.
The guide is grounded in theoretical foundations that help practitioners design stronger interventions. The Socio-Ecological Model (SEM) highlights multiple, interconnected layers of influence, ranging from individual to interpersonal, community, organizational, and policy/environmental factors. Other models complement this framework, including COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation), Diffusion of Innovation, Stages of Change, the Health Belief Model, and the Theory of Reasoned Action. These models offer nuanced insights for tailoring interventions to specific contexts.
To operationalize SBC, the guide introduces the ABCDE process. This includes:
• Assess: Conducting situational analysis, defining priority behaviors and norms, identifying groups, and outlining strategies.
• Build: Planning and conducting formative research to understand barriers and drivers.
• Create: Developing behavior aims, profiling priority groups, and selecting tactics and engagement strategies.
• Develop: Drafting, pre-testing, and refining messages, materials, and implementation plans.
• Evaluate: Selecting indicators, monitoring progress, evaluating outcomes, and documenting learning.
The guide also outlines best practices for effective SBC. These include integrating SBC as a cross-cutting dimension in all projects, using participatory and people-centered methods that emphasize two-way communication, and targeting interventions at multiple levels while prioritizing a few key behaviors. Practitioners are encouraged to engage influencing groups such as family members, peers, and leaders alongside primary groups, and to continuously test, adapt, and use data for learning and improvement.
By applying these principles, practitioners can design consistent, evidence-based, and participatory SBC interventions that increase impact, sustainability, and community ownership. At the same time, the guide strengthens organizational learning and competitiveness in program design.

Différents organismes du tiers secteur québécois jouent un rôle central en matière de prestation de soins de santé et de services sociaux à la population. La contribution de certains d’entre eux, dont les centres de ressources périnatales (CRP), demeure toutefois méconnue. S’appuyant sur un échange d’informations stratégique auprès de 13 répondants et répondantes, un portrait des CRP est proposé. Neuf dimensions caractéristiques permettent d’apprécier le caractère distinctif et les forces des CRP, notamment leur approche d’intervention globale et leur potentiel pour catalyser le pouvoir d’agir des familles. Les défis de gouvernance et de financement auxquels ils peuvent être confrontés sont également identifiés.

Wilfred Lunga (Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)) , Faton Bislimi (Kosovo Public Policy Center & RIT Kosovo (AUK), Kosovo) , Fawwaz A. Momani (Refugees, Displaced Persons, and Forced Migration Studies Centre) , Ismael Nouns (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH) , Konosoang Sobane (Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)) July 24, 2018 | Last updated: December 10, 2020 Tags: Displacement and migration , Education and skills

COVID-19 was also known as the novel Coronavirus disease, has spread rapidly around the world to more than 183 countries, making it a global pandemic status declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many countries are currently implementing lockdown and Movement Control Order (MCO) to reduce the spread. This paper aims to propose a Geo-fencing framework tailored to the MCO general requirement in monitoring a person's movement during the lockdown period. The proposed methodology provides analysis that uses geographical boundaries layer within its initial location and the movements. The simulation produces in this research shows the importance of activation of alert based on the GPS information and distance parameters.

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute fever with two or more symptoms such as retro -orbital pain, headache, skin rashes, bleeding, and leukopenia that lasts between 2-7 days. The primary vector of DHF is Aedes aegypti mosquito. This research investigates the perceptions of patients with Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) within the working area of Mamajang Health Centre in Makassar City. It uses qualitative method with a phenomenological approach in scrutinising the issue. The research data are obtained through in-depth interviews with several informants. The findings suggest some interesting information about the issue. first of all, most informants believe that their vulnerability toward Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is due to the environmental condition, symptoms, times of disease transmission, patients, and the consequences of catching the disease. They also view Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) as an alarming disease because it lowers the patients' productivity, prohib...

Se ha evaluado el efecto del programa “Club de Memoria” realizado en el Centro de Salud Santa Ines, en un grupo de 17 personas adultas. Se trata de un programa que esta dirigido a quienes muestren inquietud por el funcionamiento de su memoria o desean mejorarla, a traves de actividades que incluyen charlas educativas, dinamicas de grupo y ejercicios cognitivos. La evaluacion de los efectos del programa se realizo a traves de la comparacion de las medidas de diversas pruebas antes de comenzar la actividad y diez semanas despues. El programa ha mostrado tener un efecto importante en disminuir las quejas subjetivas de memoria y el malestar asociado a estas, y un efecto menor en otras medidas cognitivas y del estado de animo. Memory Club. Comunities Intervention Health Programs for Elderly People Abstract We have evaluated the effects of the program “Memory Club” that took placed in the Santa Ines Health Center in 17 adults group. The program it`s conduct to people that are concern of t...

Wilfred Lunga (Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)) , Faton Bislimi (Kosovo Public Policy Center & RIT Kosovo (AUK), Kosovo) , Fawwaz A. Momani (Refugees, Displaced Persons, and Forced Migration Studies Centre) , Ismael Nouns (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH) , Konosoang Sobane (Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)) July 24, 2018 | Last updated: December 10, 2020 Tags: Displacement and migration , Education and skills

Menopause is a systemic endocrine transition, not unlike the hormonal shifts seen in thyroid or adrenal insufficiency. And yet it’s rarely treated with the same medical urgency. Menopause involves a sustained loss of hormones essential to bone, brain, vascular, and immune health. It’s time to move beyond outdated generalizations and toward a conversation grounded in clarity, clinical relevance and preventive healthcare. All hormone therapies are not created equal. Modern bioidentical formulations using transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone demonstrate a safer, more physiologic profile than the WHI’s oral synthetic combination. Personalization, precision and timing are the key to optimal menopausal care. More generally, this article demonstrates how to systematically identify paradigmatic thinking errors in medicine.

Menopause represents the most prevalent and prolonged endocrine deficiency state in a woman's life, yet no clinical framework exists to address its systemic consequences holistically. Current medical frameworks fragment care across specialties, overlooking the synergistic roles of estradiol and progesterone beyond reproduction. Recognizing and restoring estradiol-progesterone synergy is essential to optimizing long-term outcomes in post-reproductive women. Gynecologic endocrinology, as proposed here, is a clinical discipline focused on the integrated, systemic management of estradiol and progesterone deficiency beginning at menopause. It is distinct from reproductive endocrinology and infertility, which primarily addresses hormonal care during the reproductive years. This framework calls for cross-disciplinary education, revised clinical guidelines, and research focused on maintaining systemic resilience rather than post hoc disease mediation.

All countries in the World Health Organization European Region committed to eliminating endemic transmission of measles and rubella by 2015, and disease incidence has decreased dramatically. However, there was little progress between 2012 and 2013, and the goal will likely not be achieved on time. Genuine political commitment, increased technical capacity, and greater public awareness are urgently needed, especially in Western Europe.

his paper studies the role of mobile applications in promoting physical activity and user loyalty to them. In doing so, our study offers fresh insights into the role of mobile applications in promoting physical activity and healthier lifestyles, filling gaps in the existing body of research.
A non-probability purposive sample of adults who engage in physical exercise and use monitoring apps was selected, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. Our findings are suggestive that (i) physical exercise is more strongly associated with the continuous use of applications than with specific loyalty strategies; (ii) widespread use of apps that record and display historical results can boost regular physical activity, as users are motivated to surpass their previous outcomes. These results support the principle that 'more is better' in practice and intensity, suggesting that mobile technologies should be integrated into national health plans. Mobile technologies should be encouraged by public policies, as these tools offer an accessible alternative for promoting public health. Policies could subsidize or facilitate the development of applications that integrate self-monitoring and personalized health plans aligned with public health guidelines. They could also include educational campaigns informing the population about these technologies' benefits and explaining how to use them to improve physical and mental health.

Introduction: Nursing officers are constantly exposed to rigorous physical stress attributed to abundant workload and also, they are not even provided with health coverage. Long working hours: Majority of the nursing officers have to work beyond the mandatory 6 hrs shift to more than 12 hrs. Apart from wages, nursing officers are not given employment benefits and gratuity and working in night shifts disrupt their work-life balance. Treatment is there such as acupuncture and acupressure etc. Objective: 1. To determine the level of knowledge on prevention and management of varicose vein among nursing officers using structured knowledge questionnaire. 2. To develop the SIM on prevention and management of varicose vein among nursing officers. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of SIM on the prevention and management of varicose vein among nursing officers. 4.To find the association with pre-test knowledge score and selected demographic variable (age , gender , educational qualification, years of experience) Method: A quantitative approach & pre-experimental design was used for the study. The sample of 70 nursing officers selected by purposive sampling technique. Pre-test was conducted by administering a structured knowledge questionnaire on varicose veins prepared by the investigator. After the pre-test, the SIM on varicose veins was administered to the nursing officers and on the seventh day post-test was conducted using the same knowledge questionnaire on varicose veins. Result: The mean post-test knowledge score 28.9 was apparently higher than the mean pretest knowledge score 13.7. Computed 't' value (t 69 =41.9, p<0.05) showed a significant difference suggesting that SIM on varicose veins was effective in increasing the knowledge of nursing officers regarding prevention and management of varicose veins.

Digital health technologies progressed at an accelerated pace to transform public health surveillance and disease prevention by developing advanced data collection techniques combined with real-time analysis which enables the swift distribution of critical health information. Artificial intelligence big data analytics the Internet of Things and mobile health applications together expanded healthcare systems' abilities to detect monitor and respond to disease outbreaks and public health threats more effectively. Machine learning algorithms work alongside AI-driven predictive models to detect infectious disease outbreaks early which provides public health officials with vital information for proactive intervention.
Smartwatches and biosensors embody IoT-enabled wearable technology which facilitates continuous health monitoring to improve chronic disease management while providing instant alerts for potential health threats. Electronic health records together with digital dashboards facilitate integrated disease surveillance through seamless data exchange which boosts coordination among healthcare providers researchers and policymakers. Pandemic response efforts saw telemedicine and digital contact tracing become critical tools that allowed healthcare services to remain accessible while minimizing physical interactions. The integration of blockchain technology with cloud platforms enhances data security protocols and privacy maintenance while supporting healthcare system compatibility across different networks. Digital health solutions encounter widespread adoption challenges due to factors such as data privacy issues combined with regulatory complexities and technological disparities alongside infrastructure limitations.

Keywords:
Digital Health; Public Health Surveillance; Disease Prevention; Artificial Intelligence; Big Data Analytics; Pandemic

The study aimed to analyze the prevention of the actions of HIV and health promotion in the context of AIDS developed by the Strategy Family Health (ESF) in João Pessoa-PB. This search is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, performed with 16 nurses working in the ESF, using a semi-structured interview guide and followed the steps of content analysis. Nurses work in the context of AIDS with actions in health education and care contexts, additionally ease and difficulties in these experiences for these actions are implemented successfully. It was concluded that the actions aimed at prevention of HIV and health promotion in the context of AIDS are present in the activities of professional nurses who are working in the ESF, however not constitute everyday actions and pre-established, happening mostly in special moments and the demands during nursing visits. Palavras-chave: HIV. AIDS. Prevention.

World Immunization Week (WIW) is a global healthcare event celebrated annually in the last week of April, between April 24th and 30th. This year's theme of World Immunization Week is “Humanly Possible: Saving Lives through Immunization,” highlighting the significance of immunization and its contributions to eradicating smallpox, nearly eliminating polio, and ensuring more children survive than ever before.
South Sudan’s National Immunization Program, supported by Gavi, MOH,WHO, UNICEF, and Cordaid, aims to protect children under five and women of reproductive age through fixed, outreach, and mobile strategies. Guided by the 2023–2027 National Immunization Strategy, the country seeks to expand coverage and introduce new vaccines, including malaria, PCV, Rota, and MCV2. Despite progress, the number of unvaccinated children remains high due to displacement, poor infrastructure, limited data, and recurrent disease outbreaks.
The current immunization programme presents a reporting rate for EPI varies across counties. Out of all 80 counties, 24 maintain an excellent reporting rate above 80%. However, 33counties fall within the 60–79% range. 23 counties report rates below 60%.
The status of immunization in South Sudan reports a coverage of Penta 3 immunization varied across counties, with 51% (41 counties) achieving ≥95% and 39% (31 counties) falling below 80%. Coverage was consistently higher than measles, with some states surpassing national targets, while Jonglei and parts of Unity reported low rates.
The MCV1 coverage is below 80% in 61% of counties (49). For IPV2, only 19% of counties (15) achieved ≥95%, while 69% (55 counties) reported coverage below 80%.
The coverage for R21 (malaria vaccine) annualized and unannualized coverage is 35% and 55%, respectively, covering 28 counties.

This article explores the impact of sleep position on human anatomy, with particular attention to the compression of structures such as the penis, nose, ears, and eyes resulting from common sleeping postures. Emphasis is placed on infant sleep positioning and its potential lifelong effects on bodily morphology. The article also examines the role of gravity in circulation, advocating for head-of-bed elevation as a means to enhance blood flow to and from the brain. Various health issues associated with prone (belly), side, and back sleeping positions are compared, highlighting the compressive forces each may exert. The article concludes that back sleeping with the head of the bed elevated 10–30 degrees is optimal for head and brain circulation, and minimizes compression-related injuries to sensitive structures, promoting better lifelong health through intentional sleep positioning.

This presentation outlines how artificial intelligence supports preventive cardiology by identifying at-risk individuals earlier and optimizing interventions before disease progression. It explains how AI tools analyse large datasets—from electronic health records to wearable devices—to detect patterns linked to cardiovascular risk. These insights enable more accurate risk prediction, personalized prevention plans, and better resource allocation. The presentation contributes to the field by highlighting practical applications of AI in clinical prevention, while addressing limitations such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for human-AI collaboration in decision-making.

Denna artikel analyserar Jessica Schiefauers spekulativa roman Bärarna (2020)  och  diskuterar  konsekvenserna  av  att  bygga  ett  samhälle  utifrån  smittoprevention. Romanen skildrar en framtid där en rabiesliknande sjukdom  hotat  att  utplåna  mänskligheten.  I  denna  dystopi  har  män,  som  spridare  av  smittan,  och  kvinnor  separerats  för  att  förhindra  återkomsten  av  sjukdomen. Artikeln undersöker hur romanen belyser de problem och faror som uppstår när smittoprevention blir ett centralt samhällsideal. Den diskuterar  hur  Schiefauer  genom  spekulativ  fiktion  skapar  ett  tankeexperiment där  prevention  dras  till  sin  spets,  vilket  resulterar  i  ett  samhälle  präglat  av  både utopisk omsorg om hälsa och miljö och en dystopisk avhumanisering av smittbärare. Artikeln visar hur romanen varnar för riskerna med att bygga samhällen på rädsla och uteslutning, samt betonar vikten av att kritiskt granska smittopreventionens roll i samhällsbygget.

This article analyses Jessica Schiefauer’s speculative novel Bärarna (2020), and examines the consequences of building a society based on disease prevention.  The  novel  depicts  a  future  where  a  rabies-like  disease  has  nearly  wiped  out  humanity.  In  this  dystopia,  men,  as  carriers  of  the  disease,  are  separated from women to prevent the resurgence of the illness. The article investigates how the novel illuminates the dangers of making disease prevention  a  central  societal  ideal.  It  discusses  how  Schiefauer,  through  speculative  fiction,  creates  a  thought  experiment  in  which  prevention  is  taken to its extreme, resulting in a society characterised by both utopian care and dystopian dehumanising. The article shows how the novel cautions against societies built on fear and exclusion, while stressing the need to critically assess the role of disease prevention.

Sejalan dengan kondisi geografis dimana banyak potensi genangan air kasus demam berdarah yang terjadi di Gresik mengalami peningkatan.Metode yang digunakan untuk memutus perkembang biakan nyamuk adalah dengan metode Insektisida pengasapan (Fogging) untuk nyamuk dewasa dan untuk jentik nyamuk dengan cara fisik ,kimiawi dan biologi.Berdasarkan hasil PE (penyelidikan epidemiologi) metode fogging ini merupakan upaya proaktif dalam memutus rantai penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah yang disebabkan nyamuk Aedes Aegypti,selain dengan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dan pola hidup masyarakat desa Banjarsari.

Understanding health-seeking behavior toward dengue fever is crucial for early diagnosis and timely treatment to mitigate fatal outcomes. In this paper, a concept analysis based on Walker and Avant’s method was performed to define health-seeking behaviors regarding dengue fever. This behavior was defined as a series of actions increasing awareness, promoting preventive measures, facilitating informed health decisions, and ensuring timely access to medical care. This concept analysis clarified how awareness, preventive measures, and access to care influence health-seeking behaviors. Our analysis may help refine health care taxonomies and foster a standardized language for describing health-seeking behaviors in nursing and public health contexts.

Can you instinctively tell if you are healthy by the way you feel, or do you need routine medical exams and tests to know?

Current medical practice promotes routine exams with medical tests and disease screening for healthy individuals, as a method for early detection and treatment of disease.

However, this sows doubt in the minds of individuals being examined. This paper explores the impact of creating doubt about one’s health in the minds of healthy individuals, including medical gaslighting through the promotion of “silent” diseases, the loss of and the profit motive behind it all.

It will show that when we subordinate our instincts to the technology, tests, and theories of experts, we undermine ourselves. We lose power over our lives, and come to rely on paid experts who profit from our confusion and doubts.

In addition, many of the treatments and recommendations made by these experts can cause more harm than good. Modern theories are not as reliable as time-tested intuition. And many treatments prescribed cause more problems than they solve.

The use of family history as a predictive tool in medicine is widely accepted, yet its significance is overstated for non-genetic diseases. While a small percentage of diseases are caused by inheritable genetic mutations, the vast majority—estimated at 90–95%—are driven by lifestyle and environmental factors. This article critically examines the assumption that familial disease history indicates individual risk, arguing that cultural, environmental, and technological changes across generations render many such comparisons misleading and inaccurate. It highlights how inherited behaviors, such as diet or clothing habits, may masquerade as genetic inheritance. The role of negative expectation and belief in shaping health outcomes is also considered, as fear induced by medical predictions and testing for familial diseases can itself be detrimental. The article questions the commercial motivations that often accompany tests and the resulting preventive treatments, which can last a lifetime. Ultimately, it calls for a shift away from genetic fatalism and toward individual agency, cultural context, and personal responsibility in health.

This article critiques a recent study published in Molecular Systems Biology that found mRNA COVID-19 vaccines induce long-term epigenetic changes in immune cells, leading to persistent cytokine production and inflammation. The article argues that this sustained immune activation may contribute to long-COVID-like symptoms and poses potential long-term health risks. It expresses concern that these changes could extend to germ cells that make sperm, potentially affecting future generations. The article also criticizes the way mainstream sources, such as SciTechDaily, present the study’s findings, suggesting they attempt to frame persistent inflammation as a beneficial immune training effect. Ultimately, the article warns against the risks of prolonged inflammation from mRNA vaccines and questions their long-term safety.

Whenever anyone wears a “supportive” garment, the garment is acting as a ligament, since ligaments support body structures. In the case of the breasts, you often see them “supported” by bras. This means the bra
serves as a ligament to hold the breasts elevated and firmly against the chest. This is what a ligament does, except this one is on the outside of the breast.

Biophysics and biomechanics show how tight clothing can interfere with the extracellular matrix and lymphatic circulation due to compression and constriction. Our bodies were not designed to have exo-ligaments pressing on our skin from the outside.

Of course, supporting the breasts from the outside compresses the bra to the chest. That is different than supporting the breasts from within the tissue, where the breasts are anchored in place to the chest wall by the natural, internal suspensory ligaments. Being anchored to the chest from the inside does not lead to compression, but being smashed to the chest from the outside does cause compression.

What happens when you compress the breasts with a bra exo-ligament is explored in this article, and includes lymph stasis, breast pain, cysts, and cancer.

This study investigates the nexus  between two dimensions of student personnel services (Admission Services, Extracurricular Services) academic achievement in secondary schools with the particular interest to know the significant impact of these services on students’ academic achievement. It is believed that the provision of these services are determinant factors that fast track the development of the students in the school system. The study is quantitative in nature and adopts a correlation survey method. Instruments titled: “Admission and Extracurricular Services Questionnaires” (AESQ) were adapted from relevant studies to measure the services. Questionnaires were distributed to 379 students in one of the secondary schools in Kwara State, Nigeria. This study secondary data to measure the academic achievement of students. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modelling (Smart PLS) were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed a significant rel...

This research examines the relationship between extracurriculars, social capital and academic achievement. Sports, music, theaters, clubs, and volunteer work are a few examples of extracurricular activities that take place outside of the traditional academic curriculum and the classroom. Academic achievement is measured in terms of performance in school, whereas social capital refers to the resources and support that individuals can access through their social networks. The considerable amount of literature on the subject has explored the relationship between extracurricular activities, social capital, and academic achievement in many studies. This study reviews and synthesizes the results of previous investigations in order to shed light on the mechanisms and modifiers of this association. The findings suggest that participation in extracurricular activities may have positive effects on social capital and academic achievement, but this relationship is complex and varied and may be modified by a variety of personal and contextual factors. The research concludes with recommendations on how to support higher student outcomes through extracurricular activities for parents, lawmakers, and educators.

This study investigates the nexus  between two dimensions of student personnel services (Admission Services, Extracurricular Services) academic achievement in secondary schools with the particular interest to know the significant impact of these services on students’ academic achievement. It is believed that the provision of these services are determinant factors that fast track the development of the students in the school system. The study is quantitative in nature and adopts a correlation survey method. Instruments titled: “Admission and Extracurricular Services Questionnaires” (AESQ) were adapted from relevant studies to measure the services. Questionnaires were distributed to 379 students in one of the secondary schools in Kwara State, Nigeria. This study secondary data to measure the academic achievement of students. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modelling (Smart PLS) were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed a significant rel...

The COVID-19 pandemic infected many people with the viruses of cynicism and skepticism, especially regarding vaccines. The coercive vaccination experiment with novel mRNA vaccines robbed many people of their freedom, health, body autonomy, and trust in authority. Now, all vaccines are under scrutiny, and being anti-vaccination has moved towards the center, from being out on the fringe. Enter the new outbreak of measles. To vaccinate or not vaccinate: that is the question. And many are asking that question who never before did. Adding to the sense of uncertainty over vaccines is Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who is now US Secretary of Health and Human Services, and questioning the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of many vaccinations. For those who have questioned vaccine safety, including myself, his involvement in vaccine medicine is welcome news. But fighting the vaccine industry creates a potential problem, and it's a big one. Given the pressure to produce profits, and given the low level of ethics in business today, there is no way to completely ensure that these vaccine companies will not release pathogens to give a shot in the arm to their product line.

Cancer is one of the major disease burdens worldwide and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. In Nigeria, the survival rate is low due to the high cost of treatment and late presentation at the hospitals. According to the 2020 World Cancer Report, prevention is the "only consideration that will credibly decrease [cancer] burden". The socio-demographic data of 707 cancer patients spanning over five years (2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020) were collected from the Ekiti State Cancer Registry at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti (FETHI). Cancer types were distributed as follows in Ekiti state: reproductive (37.2%), breast (33.5%), gastrointestinal tract, GIT, (7.1%), blood and bone marrow (3.1%), colon (3.1%), connective tissue (2.8%), skin (2.7%), metastatic (2.5%), liver and gall bladder (2.3%), brain (1.8%), endocrine (1.8%), kidney (1.6%), lungs (1.0%), lymphoma (0.8%), eye (0.7%) and jaw (0.4%). The number of male and female subjects was 264 (37.3%) and 443 (62.7%), respectively, with 53% of the female subjects presenting with breast cancer. The prevalence of cancer ranged from 0.64 per 100,000 at Ise/Orun LGA to 15.59 per 100,000 at Ido-Osi LGA. The study found that in Ekiti State, cancer occurrence is higher in females than males, the most frequent being cancer of reproductive sites. Furthermore, the average age of cancer patients was 57.8 years.

Physical function and quality of life are severely impacted by cancer and oncological treatments. In light of these findings over the last two decades, the focus of cancer rehabilitation research has shifted to preventive interventions. These interventions, known as prehabilitation, aim to improve patients' physical, mental, and nutritional status before oncological treatment. The term prehabilitation was first defined in 2013 by Silver et al. as "a process on the cancer continuum of care that occurs between the time of cancer diagnosis and the beginning of acute treatment and includes physical and psychological assessments that establish a baseline functional level, identify impairments, and provide interventions that promote physical and psychological health to reduce the incidence and/or severity of future impairments. Since then, the impact of prehabilitation has been evaluated in multiple cancer types with beneficial results. This review aims to describe the benefits of rehabilitation in the cancer continuum and the effects on the different disease groups.

The national NHS Health Check programme in England aims to help people stay well for longer and is designed to support individuals aged between 40 and 74 to manage their risk of developing vascular diseases by offering a cardiovascular risk assessment every five years.

The national NHS Health Check programme in England aims to help people stay well for longer and is designed to support individuals aged between 40 and 74 to manage their risk of developing vascular diseases by offering a cardiovascular risk assessment every five years.

Background: The national NHS Health Check programme in England aims to help people stay well for longer and is designed to support individuals aged between 40 and 74 years to manage their risk of developing vascular diseases by offering a cardiovascular risk assessment every 5 years. Aim: To investigate health professionals&#39; experiences and perspectives concerning the implementation of a local HC programme and challenges to delivery. Methods: Surveys including standardized quantitative questions and qualitative questions were administered to GP practice staff (n=25) directly involved in the implementation of Health Checks within a single county in the South West of England. Results: There was a lack of clarity concerning the expectations for Health Checks and barriers to consistently implementing the pathway. Practitioners were not always confident in communicating risk or supporting change in patient health behaviours. Conclusions: There is a need for on-going training and supp...

Introduction: The Kutuba campaign was implemented in Monze District, Zambia, as part of the Resolution to Revolution (R2R) project to influence sustainable hygiene behaviour change among healthcare facility (HCF) staff. It evaluated the effectiveness of the campaign by comparing key hygiene practices between HCFs where the campaign was implemented and those where it was not. Methods: A case-control study design was used. Data were collected from 24 HCFs and 58 staff members through semi-structured questionnaires and direct observations. Statistical analysis involved two-sample proportion tests and chi-square tests to determine the effect of campaign exposure. Results: The odds of following correct handwashing steps were 6.27 times higher for exposed respondents (95% CI: 1.56-25.25). this means there is significant improvement correctly following the steps during handwashing by facility staff at exposed HCFs compared to HCFs not exposed. Similarly, exposed respondents had 3.71 times higher odds of drying hands properly (95% CI: 1.15-11.89). Significant differences were observed in waste management practices, such as the presence of incinerators and ash pits, at exposed HCFs compared to nonexposed HCFs. However, time spent on handwashing and frequency of surface cleaning showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The Kutuba campaign effectively improved specific hygiene practices in exposed HCFs. The campaign's participatory and community-centered approach demonstrates potential for sustainable hygiene behavior change.

L'emergenza coronavirus la campagna a tutela dei pazienti Assistenza psicologica per vaccinarsi in sicurezza A Cisanello allestita un'équipe sanitaria per fronteggiare le eventuali emergenze PISA. Centinaia e centinaia, spesso anche mille, al giorno, in fila, ordinate. Ma è solo l'aspetto esteriore, in realtà ognuna di quelle persone che attendono nell'Hub Vaccinale il proprio turno, vive dentro di sé un forte stato emotivo. Hanno fatto una scelta di salute e di rispetto per gli altri ma, tranquille del tutto, non sono. L'attesa molte volte è lunga e, per ingannare il tempo, si parla e s'ascolta e tante realtà vengono alla luce. Testimone, fra altri colleghi, è Filippo Di Sacco, medico anestesista-rianimatore,

Background: Healthy latrine-using behavior indicates healthy behavior. However, many people still practice open defecation, which can cause illness and increase death risk. Self-efficacy is a dominant predictor of health behavior change. Aims: The study aims to develop a household latrine utilization behavior model based on self-efficacy to improve an open defecation-free (ODF) program. Method: The study was a descriptiveanalytic with a cross-sectional design. The sample size was 138 respondents with cluster random sampling. The study variables were endogenous (household latrine utilization), exogenous (predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors), and intervening variables (self-efficacy). Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using SEM-PLS. Result: The household latrine utilization behavior-based self-efficacy model is fit (SRMR=0.098; NFI= 0.910; Q 2 =0.334). Valid and reliable indicators were education (predisposing), clean water availability and latrine maintenance (enabling), and health worker and family support (reinforcing). Path analysis showed exogenous factors, directly and indirectly, influence latrine utilization behavior through selfefficacy. Predisposing and reinforcing factors had a direct and significant effect (p = 0.025; p = 0.001) while enabling factors were insignificant (p = 0.438). Enabling and reinforcing factors indirectly and significantly affected latrine utilization behavior through self-efficacy (p = 0.033; p = 0.004), while predisposing factors were insignificant (p = 0.141). Self-efficacy significantly influenced latrine-using behavior (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The household latrine utilization behavior-based self-efficacy model is a fit model with good predictive relevance in predicting household latrine use behavior. Health workers can use the model to enhance household latrine utilization behavior and improve the ODF program and public health status.

This  study  presents  a  comprehensive  epidemiological  analysis  of  a  recent  outbreak  of conjunctivitis, known as pink eye disease, in Lahore, Pakistan. Conjunctivitis is a highly contagious  eye  infection  that  poses  a  significant  public  health  concern,  particularly  in social  environments.  The  research  focuses  on  understanding  the  prevalence  and  influencing factors  of  this  ailment  through  a  statistical  analysis  of  patient  data.  The  gender  distribution among  patients  revealed  a slightlyhigher  prevalence  among  males  (52.5%)  as  compared  to females  (47.5%).  Young  adults  (age  18-25)  comprised  the  highest  affected  group  (89%), emphasizing  the higherinfection's  prevalence  among  this  demographic.  Symptom  analysis highlights moderate to severe manifestations as predominant, significantly impacting patients' daily  routines.  Males  exhibit  a  higher  severity,  potentially  associated  with  increased  social engagement  compared  to  females.  Notably,  the infection  commonly affects both  eyes  (86%), and  individuals  with  a  history  of  prior  eye  infections  demonstrate  a  reduced  likelihood  of contracting  conjunctivitis  (11%).  The  onset  of  symptoms  is  typically  sudden  (85%),  with  a gradual  presentation  in  some  cases  (15%).  Despite  the  contagious  nature  of  the  infection,  its spread to family members’ remains relatively limited (36.8%). Remarkably, although symptoms are severe, the duration of the infection is brief, with most patients recovering within 2-5 days, even without medical consultation. Moreover, the spatial distribution showed that redness and itchiness were very severe in location 1(latitude 31.4972, and longitude 74.2735)and severe in location 4(latitude 31.508, and longitude 74.327). In conclusion, this study is the first to report on  the  rapid  yet  severe  nature  of  a  conjunctivitis  outbreak  in  Lahore.  Key  trends,  including gender  disparities,  previous  eye  infection  history,  sudden  onset  of  symptoms,  and  limited familial transmission, have emerged. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for implementing targeted  preventive  measures  and  developing  effective  management  strategies  for  this contagious  eye  infection.  The  findings  contribute  valuable  epidemiological  insights  that  can guide public health interventions in similar scenarios.

In de Saṅkhittasutta AN 8.53 wordt verteld hoe de Boeddha zijn pleegmoeder Mahapajapati Gotami, de eerste vrouwelijke bhikkhuni in de Sangha, adviseerde om te beoefenen. Het woord Saṅkhitta in Pali betekent letterlijk ‘verkort’, en in dit geval heeft het de betekenis van een verkorte, gecomprimeerde, of beknopte instructie om op de juiste wijze de beoefening uit te voeren. Volgens de overleveringen werd Mahapajapati, die tegenover de Boeddha zat, verlicht bij het horen van de instructies en door haar geestelijke instelling gelijk te wijzigen. In de Nandakovadasutta MN 146 werd tevens vermeld dat haar volgelingen, 500 in aantal die ook met haar door karmisch verleden verbonden waren, stroomwinnaars werden na het aanhoren van de vipassana dhamma instructies door de ouderling Nandaka in opdracht van de Boeddha. Wat waren de instructies van de Boeddha aan zijn voormalige pleegmoeder en de instructies van Nandaka aan de Nonnen?

A reforma psiquiátrica brasileira tem como objetivo a desinstitucionalização da loucura e a inserção das pessoas com transtornos mentais na sociedade. Nesse contexto, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) surgem como um dos dispositivos de cuidado em saúde mental, abrindo espaço para a angústia, dor e a escuta do sofrimento das pessoas, considerando a singularidade dos sujeitos nas instituições de saúde mental. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica, através de artigos científicos, utilizando a base de dados Scielo, sobre a escuta do terapeuta em grupo nos CAPS, entre 2004 e 2008. A escuta nos grupos terapêuticos é definida a partir do referencial teórico psicanalítico, propiciando aos participantes do grupo a manifestação de seus aspectos conscientes e inconscientes, verbais e não-verbais. Apresenta como resultado a importância de o psicólogo atuar de forma inovadora e criativa a cada encontro com seu grupo, sem deixar de lado os aspectos teóricos e metodológicos de suas atividades.

A reforma psiquiátrica brasileira tem como objetivo a desinstitucionalização da loucura e a inserção das pessoas com transtornos mentais na sociedade. Nesse contexto, os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) surgem como um dos dispositivos de cuidado em saúde mental, abrindo espaço para a angústia, dor e a escuta do sofrimento das pessoas, considerando a singularidade dos sujeitos nas instituições de saúde mental. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica, através de artigos científicos, utilizando a base de dados Scielo, sobre a escuta do terapeuta em grupo nos CAPS, entre 2004 e 2008. A escuta nos grupos terapêuticos é definida a partir do referencial teórico psicanalítico, propiciando aos participantes do grupo a manifestação de seus aspectos conscientes e inconscientes, verbais e não-verbais. Apresenta como resultado a importância de o psicólogo atuar de forma inovadora e criativa a cada encontro com seu grupo, sem deixar de lado os aspectos teóricos e metodológicos de suas atividades.

This article critiques a recent study on the dietary plant-to-animal protein ratio and its impact on cardiovascular disease risk, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The study promotes plant-based proteins over animal proteins for heart health and planetary benefits, revealing a potential bias linked to environmental agendas. The author highlights extensive conflicts of interest among researchers, including funding from plant-based food industries and affiliations with related organizations. The article argues that such biases undermine the study’s objectivity and warns against using nutrition research to serve corporate or political interests. The conclusion emphasizes skepticism toward dietary studies influenced by industry funding, advocating for independent research to guide public health recommendations.

This is a time of opportunity. Nationally, health and health care have emerged as foremost economic issues and as top priorities of the new Administration and Congress. There is a growing understanding of the importance of healthy communities, the influence of their underlying health determinants, and the role of culturally appropriate, family-centered primary care in accomplishing health equity. Locally, communities are exploring ways to prevent illness and injury and to improve health and safety outcomes equitably. Institutions and practitioners are breaking down silos and experimenting with cross-sectoral partnerships. The results confirm that the local arena is an ideal setting for reducing inequities in health and safety and for promoting good health. Good health is precious; unfortunately, it is not experienced equitably across society. Health inequity is related both to a legacy of overt discriminatory actions on the part of government and the larger society, as well as to present day practices and policies of public and private institutions that perpetuate a system of diminished opportunity for certain populations. Historically, African Americans and native populations, in particular, have to varying extents had their cultures, traditions, and land forcibly taken from them. It is not a mere coincidence that these groups suffer from the most profound health disparities: heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke, injury, and violence occur in higher frequency, earlier, and with greater severity among communities of color and lowincome communities. Poverty, racism, and lack of educational and economic opportunities are among the fundamental determinants of poor health, lack of safety, and health inequity. These factors contribute to chronic stress and to a collective sense of isolation and despair. They compound to create a weathering effect, encouraging short-term decision-making and increasing the inclination towards immediate gratification, which may include tobacco use, substance abuse, poor diet, and physical inactivity.

Good health is a matter of social justice. The Institute of Medicine&#39;s Roundtable on Health Disparities commissioned this paper to identify policy solutions at the community, regional and state level to reduce inequities in health and safety. To understand the landscape and delineate a set of solutions, the authors scanned literature and white papers and conducted interviews with policy makers and practitioners. Two critical needs were identified: A coherent, sustainable health care system that adequately meets the health requirements of the entire U.S. population, and of racial and ethnic minorities in particular, and community prevention strategies that target the factors underpinning why people get sick and injured in the first place. A quality health care system and community prevention are mutually supportive and together constitute a true health system. Building on the research and interview process the authors delineate a set of policy principles, a comprehensive set of r...

The Self-Introduction Survey (SMD) is an activity for identifying, collecting, and assessing people&#39;s health. It is carried out by cadres and local community leaders under the guidance of the Kelurahan/Kelurahan head and health officers. The aim of the study was to identify problems in controlling dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the underlying factors, and alternative solutions to DHF control problems in RW 02, Tenggilis Mejoyo Village. A descriptive research method with a cross-sectional study was used. Data collection was carried out by a self-introduction survey (SMD), and respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire instrument. The respondents were 20 Great Surabaya Cadres (KSH). DHF control priority issues were prepared using the CARL method, and causative factor analysis was done using a fish bone Ishikawa diagram. The study found that most of the KSH in the RW 02 area of Tenggilis Mejoyo Village were aged between 25 and 60 years and had a bachelor&#39;s degree. The ...

The art of physics, mathematics and the expression of Life in Nature.  Until recently a paper of this magnitude could not be written, as our science today provides not a single explanation of nature.  Science is the art of observation and provides for equations that express both a relative minimum ratio and some constant or constant squared to relate one variable to another, from one level of entropy and expression of energy to another, in man’s attempt to express his observations of nature and to utilize those expressions to manage atomic motion in one form of energy or another.

Currently, numerous levels of entropy and energy define living and non living systems in our body of physics and mathematics.  This paper will critique the current mathematics and physics and redefine the physics and mathematics, rewriting them to define natural systems, living systems and non-living systems;  rejecting most current laws of physics and theories of mathematics today, embracing but a single principle to so define nature and our universe in its’ entirety. 



Background

In redefining physics, mathematics, and the expression of living and non-living systems in nature, one principle defines our universe.

In a nutshell, this one principle to define our nature is Robust Entanglement. 

Nothing truly collides. 
 
Understanding nature in this way allows us to realize energy in four new ways; to experience atomic interactions, chemistries, mathematics, physics in a new way; to educate our children and adults better, as we come to understand the human condition and nature better; and finally, to understand the physical connection of me to you, you to me. 
 
One hundred eighty-eight (188) distinguished faculty, academicians and theologians, and industry professionals, some of which are listed below, along with links to their research profiles, are involved in current viewing of this work. There are five articles and current and ongoing discussions entitled:
*Physics & Mathematics;
*Theology,
*Diet, Disease, Aging & Evolution,
*Education and
*Cognition,

in light of this one principle.
 
Entanglement becomes this process where symmetries form in space, from some tension that exists, forming specific and unique fine structures or energy, that incorporates the distance into the flux formed, although temporary only, and lasting only as long as the symmetry holds; yet forming three more different species of fine structures within the formed field, one atop the other, with slightly different properties only because the fields formed in the secondary, tertiary and quaternary creations, have fields that are moving and growing, allowing each newly formed field to grow in density at an even  much faster rate and helping to contribute to both the nonlinear observations in nature, but also the vast complexity of what we see.
 
Entangled atoms behave differently, within each field because the rate densities or "flux" is behaving differently; i.e. either stationary, or growing  in density. Growing densities will lose their entangled atoms quickly.  Stationary fields, or primary fields, will hold on longer.
 
Four unique species of fine structure formed contribute to our observation of nature.  But not only are there four unique species of fine structure, each field formed in some space is unique as it includes a unique distance into its formed field, from the shear distance between flux's or rate/densities, generating the found symmetry; generating a most unique and complex array of observations within nature, as only the very same unique flux's or "rate/densities" may form symmetries, and thus create fields or energy, if only but temporary, as long as the symmetry holds. 
 
Atomic motion is derived completely from entangled events. 
 
However, if an atom is entangled in a fixed rate field, then the entanglement lasts, and we see. motion.  If the atom is entangled in a more complex field, say secondary or tertiary of quaternary field, then we see a more inelastic observation occur as the atom is more or less "grabbed" in space, then as the field disappears, the motions stops.  
 
Atoms themselves are comprised of newly formed fields from elastic communications or entangled events, repeated over and over again, helping to create frequencies we see in nature. A model for the formation of matter, providing for the geometries we see in our periodic table, helps us to see the two pseudo waves generating the iterative process creating the  temporary fields we see, not intra-atomic particles, behaving in some kinetic environment.  That picture was incomplete.
 
Because the fields formed include the distance in some pythagorean relationship, nature is non-linear. 
 
But it is more than this, i.e. each field formed within a field, is growing in density but at a much faster rate than the already established field.
 
Because atomic motion is described entirely from being entangled in one of these fields, temporary fields, then we see two things in each equation in our physics, a constant or constant squared and some minimum relational value.
 
For it is the flux formed that is so derived from a pythagorean relationship of the rate/density or field forming the field in some found symmetry, and.... the distance between the fields forming the said found symmetry; whether stationary in value, or growing, or growing at an alarming rate, or growing at an alarming rate and shifting in space.  (A quaternary field formed baffles us even further still as it shifts back and forth, back and forth, in addition to having a field that is growing in density, at an alarming rate.)
 
Conservation of energy, mass and momentum are merely properties of an elastic universe, communicating, and not colliding. 
 
Waves are simply phenomenon of this elastic universe, communicating over any distance "instantly." 
 
The four energies we see (gravity, EM & nuclear forces) are simply the very same entanglement phenomenon occurring over different distances or "classes."
 
Energy, mass and momentum are then not conserved and each is formed and disappear as symmetries form and disappear.
 
The math has to change as only two processes occur in this natural state, adjudication and comparison, leaving our operators * / - + ^ all but to simply describe two things, an "applying" of some flux over some distance to create a new and unique flux, and some comparison to find the distance, unique in each entanglement.
 
The calculus changes as zero, infinity and one are not truly found in nature.  And since much of the atomic motion in primary fields are discrete, then the calculus adopts an integer, and discrete format.
 
Acceleration does not truly exist in nature, as most atomic motion is discrete or "one velocity."  The phenom we observe is simply a conformation of communications, as systems develop and entangle to make larger and larger contributions to motion and thus our visual observations.