Data Conversion

My deepest appreciation goes to my advisor, Dr. Gee-Kung Chang. I am grateful for his guidance through out my research at Georgia Tech. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my Ph.D. Without his support and encouragement, I would never have finished. My co-advisor Dr. Jianjun Yu, who has a great part in shaping my research work and helped me tremendously at every step forward. He has been a source of inspiration for me. I also thank Prof. Chang and Dr. Yu for carefully going through my publication drafts, correcting my presentations, and helping me learn the various skills of academic research. I also thank my committee members Dr. Chuanyi

This paper describes the satellite data processing and sewices that constitute current functionalities of the A-Train Data Depot. We first provide a brief introduction to the original geometrical intricacies of the platforms and instruments of the A- Train constellation, and then proceed with description of our A-Train collocation processing algorithm that provides subsets that facilitate synergistic use of the various instruments. Finally, we present some sample image products from our web-based Giovanni tool which allows users to display, compare and download coregistered A-Train related data.

A federated spatial database is the integration of multiple spatial data sources and the realisation of effective spatial data sharing. However, in a federated database environment, database schemas are subject to change. Some schema elements depend on other schema elements and therefore schema changes result in dependent schema elements becoming invalid in a federated spatial database. Schema element dependencies are more complex in a federated database environment because dependencies include both intra-dependencies (within a database) and inter-dependencies (between databases). This makes management of schema evolution in a federated environment far more difficult than traditional systems. Schema element dependency (SED) is an important component of managing schema evolution. This paper systematically reviews the schema element dependencies in a federated spatial database system, proposes a SED metamodel to identify schema element dependencies and a SED metadata schema to store schema element dependencies metadata, and explains the methods and steps to generate SED metadata. This paper also presents a SED tool that is used to generate SED metadata and conduct schema change impact analysis. SED provides a foundation for schema evolution management in a federated spatial database.

A federated spatial database is the integration of multiple spatial data sources and the realisation of effective spatial data sharing. However, in a federated database environment, database schemas are subject to change. Some schema elements depend on other schema elements and therefore schema changes result in dependent schema elements becoming invalid in a federated spatial database. Schema element dependencies are more complex in a federated database environment because dependencies include both intra-dependencies (within a database) and inter-dependencies (between databases). This makes management of schema evolution in a federated environment far more difficult than traditional systems. Schema element dependency (SED) is an important component of managing schema evolution. This paper systematically reviews the schema element dependencies in a federated spatial database system, proposes a SED metamodel to identify schema element dependencies and a SED metadata schema to store schema element dependencies metadata, and explains the methods and steps to generate SED metadata. This paper also presents a SED tool that is used to generate SED metadata and conduct schema change impact analysis. SED provides a foundation for schema evolution management in a federated spatial database.

Text-to-speech (TTS) conversion is a crucial technology for various applications, including accessibility, education, and entertainment. With the rapid growth of big data, TTS conversion systems face new challenges in terms of data size and diversity. In this paper, we propose to use the state-of-the-art language model ChatGPT to enhance TTS conversion for big data. We first introduce the background of TTS conversion and big data, and then review the existing TTS conversion systems and their limitations. Next, we describe the architecture and training of ChatGPT, and how it can be applied to TTS conversion. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the ChatGPT-based TTS conversion system on a large-scale real-world big data dataset, and compare it with the existing TTS systems. Our experimental results demonstrate that ChatGPT can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of TTS conversion for big data.

In this work, a procedure for converting a relational database (RDB) into an XML document is proposed. Database
migration is the process of moving schema and data from a source RDB towards the destination database of XML script, which
makes to achieved and moved through new context. The home schema is semantically enhanced and translated into a target
schema, and the data in the source database is transformed into a target database based on the new schema. The semantic
enrichment procedure is required to create an improved metadata model from the source database and captures key elements
of the destination XML schema, making it appropriate for turning RDB data into an XML document. Algorithms are designed
for constructing the target database based on a set of migration rules to translate all RDB constructions into an XML Schema,
from which RDB data is subsequently transformed. A prototype system has been developed and experimentally assessed by
testing its outcomes, looking at our accomplishments, and commenting on the findings. The recommended remedy is found to
be effective and accurate after the review of the outcomes.

Longtemps considérée comme ornementale, la structure visuelle des textes est aujourd'hui abordée comme un objet d'étude à part entière dans diverses disciplines. Nous nous intéressons à son utilité et, le cas échéant, son utilisabilité, dans le cadre de la transposition à l'oral par des systèmes de synthèse de la parole à partir de textes (TTS). Nous proposons un système d'oralisation qui conduit à des représentations du texte interprétables par un TTS. Nous focalisons sur un modèle d'oralisation par reformulation des textes écrits pour être lus silencieusement (MORTELS) dont l'objectif est de rendre « articulables » certaines parties signifiantes des textes souvent « oubliées » par les systèmes actuels. ABSTRACT. Considered for a long time as ornamental, the texts visual structure becomes nowadays a full object of investigation in various disciplines. We are interested in the utility oh these aspects of documents and, if the need arises, their usability, within the framework of their oral transposition by Text-To-Speech systems (TTS). We propose an Oralisation system which leads to text representations directly interpretable by TTS. We focus on a reformulation-based oralisation model for texts written to be silently read (MORTELS) in order to render some signifying parts of the texts often "forgotten" by synthesis systems. MOTS-CLÉS : transmodalité, synthèse de la parole à partir de textes, structures visuelles des textes.

This paper presents an analysis and the research results of system couplers in CAx systems that ensure the correct transfer of product data from the “supplier” system to the “recipient” system. This study presents the results of the compatibility tests between the systems based on the verification of geometric models and their attributes after importing/exporting 2D and 3D objects using neutral data exchange formats. The purpose of the research was to identify neutral formats that do not introduce errors after data transversion in certain types of geometry. Tests and analyses were carried out on selected formats depending on the type of object, such as 2D objects (DXF), solid objects (IGES, STEP, SAT, and PARASOLID), and surface objects (IGES, STEP, SAT, and X_T). One of the results of our research and analysis is the need for continuous development of CAD/CAE systems because current neutral formats are not 100% effective.

This paper presents an analysis and the research results of system couplers in CAx systems that ensure the correct transfer of product data from the “supplier” system to the “recipient” system. This study presents the results of the compatibility tests between the systems based on the verification of geometric models and their attributes after importing/exporting 2D and 3D objects using neutral data exchange formats. The purpose of the research was to identify neutral formats that do not introduce errors after data transversion in certain types of geometry. Tests and analyses were carried out on selected formats depending on the type of object, such as 2D objects (DXF), solid objects (IGES, STEP, SAT, and PARASOLID), and surface objects (IGES, STEP, SAT, and X_T). One of the results of our research and analysis is the need for continuous development of CAD/CAE systems because current neutral formats are not 100% effective.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems offer significant benefits, but data migration poses a major challenge during implementation. Converting legacy data accurately into the ERP environment is critical, as data quality issues can disrupt operations, financial reporting, and decision-making. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of ERP data conversion strategies and best practices to help organizations plan and execute successful migration projects.
The research evaluates the pros and cons of prevalent conversion methodologies, including Big Bang, phased and parallel approaches. While Big Bang migration appears faster and cheaper, it is highly risky for most organizations. Phased conversion is widely seen as the optimal approach, especially for larger firms with complex legacy landscapes. Incrementally migrating data by module or location constrains the scope of potential issues. Selective parallel runs of old and new systems provide a valuable safety net for critical data.
Automated conversion tools are also essential to handle today's data volumes efficiently. However, algorithms must be combined with human oversight and robust testing to validate conversion logic. The most successful migration initiatives invest heavily upfront in data profiling, cleansing, mapping, and governance. Proactive planning avoids disruptive legacy data issues from cascading into the ERP system.
Ultimately, the right conversion approach aligns with the overall ERP strategy and balances transformation goals with risk mitigation. By prioritizing data quality, organizations are better positioned to realize the full potential of their ERP investments. The findings provide a valuable framework for managers to assess conversion trade-offs and make informed decisions in planning ERP data migration projects

A investigação desenvolvida no âmbito do MCI foi enquadrada no estágio profissional decorrido na FCNAUP de 1 de Julho de 2010 a 30 de Junho de 2011 RESUMO O protótipo da Biblioteca Digital de Nutrição e Alimentação Humana (BDNut) foi desenvolvido em 2009 no âmbito de uma investigação do Mestrado em Ciência da Informação, no contexto da Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto. Para a criação da BDNut foi utilizado o software DSpace que suporta os repositórios digitais aberto e temático da Universidade do Porto, garantindo a integração da biblioteca digital nos serviços e sistemas de informação bibliográfica em uso pela universidade. O protótipo teve por base a utilização de material resultante da produção intelectual do Dr. Emílio Peres, um dos criadores do curso de Nutricionismo, presentemente FCNAUP, e assume um carácter fundacional da produção intelectual da comunidade docente. A proposta da investigação actual é a expansão e alargamento da BDNut, segundo novos procedimentos definidos para a sua sustentação, e avaliação do resultado conseguido, não só do ponto de vista organizacional, de integração da informação e da infra-estrutura tecnológica, como do ponto de vista do utilizador, enquanto produtor e utilizador de informação. Como resultado da investigação pretende-se a implementação da BDNut para todo o material resultante da produção intelectual da comunidade da FCNAUP, de forma automatizada. A BDNut tem como princípios a transferência incremental de metadados previamente validados em sistemas de informação bibliográfica em uso pela FCNAUP, nomeadamente o SIGARRA e o ALEPH, e a inserção por auto-depósito de material que não está tratado em nenhum outro sistema da faculdade, o que resulta na garantia de um ponto de acesso único a todo o material resultante da produção intelectual de docentes/investigadores e discentes da instituição. Da investigação resultou a expansão e alargamento da colecção protótipo, tendo por base a inserção por auto-depósito de material do Dr. Emílio Peres e a migração da BDNut-desevolvimento para a BDNut-produção, divulgada por toda a comunidade FCNAUP e acessível a qualquer utilizador com ou sem vínculo à Universidade do Porto. Houve ainda a determinação de novos procedimentos de transferência de registos e aplicação de testes de transferência na BDNutdesenvolvimento, identificando-se lacunas e estratégias de correcção que se concretizou na redefinição de procedimentos e especificação de requisitos para assegurar a sua implementação de forma automática a toda a produção intelectual da faculdade na BDNut-produção. A avaliação feita pelo público-alvo da BDNut sustenta o seu alargamento a toda a produção intelectual da faculdade e a sua integração no uso actual de sistemas de informação bibliográfica da área.

A pulse width modulated analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) that provides a low-cost solution for lowspeed applications is described. The proposed solution also provides automatic range selection and continuous auto-calibration capabilities. Simulation and experimental results are used to confirm the theoretical expectations of this ADC well adapted to strongly non-linear transducer interfacing.

The new capabilities of smart sensing systems namely, adaptability, reconfiguration, lowenergy consumption and cost, between others, require a wisely selection of the methods that are use to perform analog to digital conversion. It is very important to optimize the trade-offs between, resolution, accuracy, conversion rate, and energy consumption, between others, and above all to adapt dynamically the conversion parameters for different signals characteristics and applications' purposes. Establishing the best trade-offs are even more important when signals to be digitized have different signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) ratios, different requirements of measuring accuracy and acquisition rate, their characteristics are time-variant and above all if they are sharing the same digitalization device. Very low resolution or conversion rate of data acquisition (DAQs) systems are generally not compliant with measurement systems' requirements since signal information is lost without any possible recovery procedure. Otherwise, if resolution or data acquisition rate are excessively high that means the sampling rate is much higher than its minimum value (Nyquist rate), the excessive amplitude and time resolutions provided by A/D conversion or frequency-to-digital conversion (FDC) does not improve measurements system's performance. Moreover, the excessive resolution or data acquisition rate implies an increase of hardware and software complexity, data processing load and a higher implementation cost, without any benefits. So, for any A/D or FDC conversion method the best trade-off between different conversion characteristics must be established considering applications' purposes. For example, in wireless sensing and actuating networks (WSAN) energy wastes are particularly important because a wrong choice of conversion method can affect deeply measurement system autonomy. Whenever possible, classical A/D conversion methods are being replaced by discrete A/D conversion methods that are supported by low cost microcontroller (C) (Microchip, 2010) connected to a few external resistive or capacitive components. This solution takes full advantage of Cs benefits, namely specific hardware and software capabilities and it provides a conversion rate that can be higher that several hundreds of kHz that is sufficient 24 www.intechopen.com Advances in Measurement Systems 576 for a large number of applications. These conversion also enables an easy implementation of trade-offs between resolution, conversion rate, and energy consumption (EC), errors' compensation, namely offset and gain errors, and linearization capabilities without need of any additional circuitry, look-tables or linearization algorithms. However, the main drawbacks of these conversion methods include a large sensitivity to noise and the need of frequent self-calibration routines. Alternative digitalization methods that can be implemented without need of classical A/D converters are based on FDC methods. Referring to the contents of the present chapter, the first session includes an introduction, state of the art and the main requirements of smart sensing systems (SSS) that must be considered in terms of signals' conditioning and digitalization. The second session summarizes the main characteristics of two A/D digitalization methods that seem to be particularly suitable for smart sensing applications, namely, discrete A/D and FDC methods. Some implementation details, particularly those ones that take full advantage of low-cost microcontrollers and specific integrated circuits will be underlined. This section also includes the description of the working principle and main advantages of each conversions FDC method together with some simulation and experimental results. The last session is dedicated to conclusions.

In contrast to alpha-numerical data, multimedia data can have a wide range of quality parameters such as spatial and temporal resolution, and compression format. Users can request data with a specific quality requirement due to the needs of their applications, or the limitations of their resources. On-the-fly conversion of multimedia data (such as video transcoding) is very CPU intensive and can limit the level of concurrent access supported by the database. Storing all possible replicas, on the other hand, requires unacceptable increases in storage requirements. Although replication has been well studied, to the best of our knowledge, the problem of multiple-quality replication has not been addressed. In this paper we address the problem of multiple-quality replica selection subject to an overall storage constraint. We establish that the problem is NP-hard and provide heuristic solutions under a soft quality system model where users are willing to negotiate their quality needs. An important optimization goal under such a model is to minimize utility loss. We propose a powerful greedy algorithm to solve this optimization problem. Extensive simulations show that our algorithm finds near-optimal solutions. The algorithm is flexible in that it can be extended to deal with replica selection for multiple media objects and changes of query pattern. We also discuss an extended version of the algorithm with potentially better performance.

In this paper we present a web-based solution designed to convert (integrating an appropriate plugin) heterogeneous information provided by any type of power acquisition equipment into standard formats as PQDIF (Power Quality Data Interchange Format-IEEE® Std 1159.3-2003 standard). The power grid operators are interested for this kind of applications capable to convert huge volume of heterogeneous information into standard formats in order to be easily processed.

Simple hardware for conversion from BCD into binary code is described. The device is of low cost, performs a 16-bit conversion in a maximum time of 400 nsec, and is able to output tbe converted number to either an 8-bit or a 16bit data bus. An example of the software necessary to perform data acquisition from a digital voltmeter by using this converter is also presented. Electronic instruments such as pH-meters, automatic burettes, voltmeters and automatic balances, which have wide utilization in a chemical laboratory, are

Optical Communications Systems 192 components in the telecommunication hierarchy, whose integration with standard network services and applications promotes rapid evolution of fiber optics and its wide implementation into all telecommunication branches (see Table 1 [McGloin & Reid., 2010]).

This article discusses the passage of RDB to XML documents (schema and data) based on metadata and semantic enrichment, which makes the RDB under flattened shape and is enriched by the object concept. The integration and exploitation of the object concept in the XML uses a syntax allowing for the verification of the conformity of the document XML during the creation. The information extracted from the RDB is therefore analyzed and filtered in order to adjust according to the structure of the XML files and the associated object model. Those implemented in the XML document through a SQL query are built dynamically. A prototype was implemented to realize automatic migration, and so proves the effectiveness of this particular approach.

This paper discusses the overall migration of the relational database to the basics of object-relational database, showing highlights and low points of the relational model, why having a migration and how to proceed this migration. The Framework begins with the semantic enrichment to a new model containing all the principle of the object concepts including inheritance, then determine the physical schema of the object relational database, from these two points we realize the migration of the data of the relational model towards the object relational model, knowing that the whole migration is made in an automatic way without the interference of the human factor.

An all-optical converter from return-to-zero (RZ) pulses to the nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format is presented. The converter operates in two stages: the laser generated in a gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is modulated with the data signal; afterwards this signal is wavelength-converted by cross-gain modulation in a common SOA. The setup is noninverting and can feature wavelength conversion. Experimental error-free conversion from 5-and 40-ps RZ pulses to NRZ format is presented at 10 Gb/s using a 2 11 1 bit sequence.

We examine a knowledge representation architecture to support context interchange mediation. For autonomous receivers and sources sharing a common subject domain, the mediator's reasoning engine can devise query plans integrating multiple sources and resolving semantic heterogeneity. Receiver applications obtain the data they need in the form they need it without imposing changes on sources. The KR architecture includes: 1) data models for each source and receiver, 2) subject domain ontologies, containing abstract subject matter conceptualizations that would be known to experienced practitioners in the industry, and 3) context models for each source and receiver that explain how each source or receiver data model implements the abstract concepts from a subject domain ontology. Examples drawn from the fixed income securities industry illustrate problems and solutions enabled by the proposed architecture.

Nowadays the proliferation of IoT (Internet of Things) devices results in heterogeneous and proprietary sensor data formats which makes challenging the processing and interpretation of sensor data across IoT domains. To achieve syntactic interoperability (the ability to exchange uniformly structured data) is still an issue under research. In this paper, we introduce our purpose developed new script language called Language for Sensor Data Description (L4SDD) to achieve cross-domain syntactic interoperability. L4SDD defines a unified output data format and specifies how the data is to be converted into this format from the various sensor inputs. Besides the language itself, we also present the main features of the workbench created to edit and maintain the scripts and introduce the IoT framework around the solution. The approach provides a high performant, secure and easy-to-use solution to transform their data to an easily processed, self-describing, universal data structure. Although the paper contains implementation details, the solution can be used in other, similar projects as well. As a practical validation, we also illustrate our solution via a real-life case study.

The contemporary world of digital design is evolving rapidly, and the tools at our disposal are expanding in tandem. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for designing a chip using PyRTL, a Python-based hardware description language. Beginning with the basics of setting up the environment, the paper walks through designing an adder circuit, complete with memory integration, all the way through to simulation. Furthermore, we integrate modern data analytics by utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques to assess performance metrics, offering a holistic approach to chip design. Machine learning models predict key performance indicators like latency, power consumption, and efficiency, based on simulation data. The results serve as a foundation for iterative design improvements, ensuring the chip's robustness in real-world applications. This integration of traditional design techniques with cutting-edge data analysis illuminates the future of chip design, showcasing the potential of ML in electronic design automation.

In this paper we present a web-based solution designed to convert (integrating an appropriate plugin) heterogeneous information provided by any type of power acquisition equipment into standard formats as PQDIF (Power Quality Data Interchange Format-IEEE® Std 1159.3-2003 standard). The power grid operators are interested for this kind of applications capable to convert huge volume of heterogeneous information into standard formats in order to be easily processed.

This presentation of the Case Study presents an algorithm for generating polygons from vectorized lines using practical examples drawn from cadastral parcels in three distinct cadastral municipalities. The algorithm's effectiveness in creating accurate and regular polygons is demonstrated through a detailed analysis of the generated results. By showcasing its practical application in real-world scenarios, this study aims to highlight the algorithm's reliability and suitability for various GIS tasks related to cadastral mapping and parcel delineation.

The goal of the article is to develop a universal (standard) data model that allows you to get rid of the need for a costly policy of doing extra work when developing new ones or transforming existing relational databases (RDBs) caused by dynamic changes in the subject domain (SD). The requirements for the developed data model were formulated. In accordance with the formulated requirements, the data model was synthesized. To simplify the process of creating relational database schemas an algorithm for transforming the description of the subject domain into the relations of the universal basis of the developed model was proposed. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is: a data model that, unlike known ones, allows us to simplify the creation of RDB schemas at the stage of logical design of relational databases, under the conditions of dynamic changes in subject domains, due to the introduced universal basis of relations, as a means of describing structures and the presentat...

The aim of the study is to build a data base system to selected family medicine primary health centers in Baghdad by using GIS properties. A typical GIS implementation using the Arc Info Coverage data format consists of three phases: data conversion specification, data migrate on, and application development, accordingly, data was collected from 4 family medicine primary health centers consisting of demographic information, man power and population covered. Data was used in forms of tables and maps, these maps contain three of cartographic elements: The districts parcels layer, the town shape parcels layer and the health control centers layer. After creating the geographic layers, the attribute tables which contain data related to every feature in the layers and the fields which represent different properties were built, depending on the nature of the layer and the amount of data available. After the layers are drawn and the attributes tables filled, the map is ready for further spatial analysis. One of the basic functions in ArcMap™ application is the Identify function, it allows for quick display of the attributes of a single element on the map, whether a line or a point. Reducing operational cost, data redundancy, increasing data integration and efficiency, automated the analysis process, and accessing the information in the facility management are some of the goals of operation distribution/collection system.

are each well known for their own work and publications in the field of analogue and mixed analogue-digital circuits, and together have been responsible for the coordination and consistency of this cooperative publication. The 18 chapters are broadly divided into four main sections: (i) processing technology; (ii) circuit techniques and building blocks; (iii) design and applications; and (iv) CAD and supporting tools. The processing section, however, consists of one chapter only which concentrates mainly upon a BiCMOS process, with MOS and bipolar technologies being introduced as a lead-in to BiCMOS. This is perhaps the only part of the book where an additional chapter or chapters might have been welcome. The second section, consisting of seven chapters, is more comprehensive. Here operational amplifiers, comparators, switched capacitor filters, analogue-sampled data signal processing, data converters, oversampling converters, and self-calibrating and algorithmic converters will all be found discussed in good detail. The third section of four chapters covers standard-cell libraries for mixed analogue-digital purposes, practical aspects such as element matching, signal noise coupling, optimized structures etc., and applications such as hearing aids, mobile radio, TV and HDTV, which together cover very many aspects and technical factors. The final section, consisting of the last six chapters, is perhaps the most academic, although practicalities

We examine a knowledge representation architecture to support context interchange mediation. For autonomous receivers and sources sharing a common subject domain, the mediator's reasoning engine can devise query plans integrating multiple sources and resolving semantic heterogeneity. Receiver applications obtain the data they need in the form they need it without imposing changes on sources. The KR architecture includes: 1) data models for each source and receiver, 2) subject domain ontologies, containing abstract subject matter conceptualizations that would be known to experienced practitioners in the industry, and 3) context models for each source and receiver that explain how each source or receiver data model implements the abstract concepts from a subject domain ontology. Examples drawn from the fixed income securities industry illustrate problems and solutions enabled by the proposed architecture.

Two of the most important static transducer characteristics, in any measurement system, are linearity and accuracy. In the present paper, the calibration and linearization of a low-cost orifice flow meter is considered. Accuracy improvement is based on calibration coefficients that are evaluated with the measurements obtained from a reference flow meter. Linearity improvement is based on a non-linear A/D conversion whose transfer characteristic is the inverse of the transducer's characteristic. The linearity can be strongly improved using a non-linear A/D conversion performed by a low-cost ADC, using only single-bit input and output ports. The proposed method, already described by the authors in previous papers, is applied to an orifice-based flow meter, simplifying the typical conditioning circuit that requires an additional square root extractor circuit. The paper includes simulation and experimental results that validate theoretical expectations. I. Introduction Flow measure...

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The advantages and economics of time sharing a computer between a number of machine tool control systems are considered. Some of the circuit techniques necessary to achieve this are described, namely encoders, quantizers, function generators, priority sharing methods, and a matrix for parallel selection. 1. Towards the Computer-Controlled Factory Shortly after the war the idea of a pushbutton factory was publicized, largely through the work of Norbert Wiener. 1 ' 2 Practical progress was slow, but in 1956 there was a further resurgence of interest in automation when the D.S.I.R. produced a report, 3 R. H. MacMillan's book "Automation: Friend or Foe?" was published, 4 and the enthusiasts began to talk about "sweeping the last man out of the factory". 5

Spatial data clearinghouses are one of the key features of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI). However, recent research indicates that few national clearinghouses function well, as the spatial data resources available cannot be satisfactorily accessed or optimally used. To improve the functionality, we propose that clearinghouses to be complemented with expert systems and semantic matching. The expert system facilitates automatic determination of candidate datasets and the conversion of the available data to the required data. A schema translator is also used to find similar data that might be used in other disciplines or other datasets by semantic matching. In order to accomplish this, we have developed a method of identifying available data and methods for data conversion. The methodology is implemented using standardized map services. Practical tests show that the discovery of available data in the clearinghouse satisfying users' requirements is substantially increased, which is an important step forward in building future SDIs.

Text-to-speech (TTS) conversion is a crucial technology for various applications, including accessibility, education, and entertainment. With the rapid growth of big data, TTS conversion systems face new challenges in terms of data size and diversity. In this paper, we propose to use the state-of-the-art language model ChatGPT to enhance TTS conversion for big data. We first introduce the background of TTS conversion and big data, and then review the existing TTS conversion systems and their limitations. Next, we describe the architecture and training of ChatGPT, and how it can be applied to TTS conversion. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the ChatGPT-based TTS conversion system on a large-scale real-world big data dataset, and compare it with the existing TTS systems. Our experimental results demonstrate that ChatGPT can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of TTS conversion for big data.

It is shown that relaxation data conversion by the Kramers-Kronig (KK) relations can be treated as a filtering problem of band-unlimited relaxation signals in the Mellin transform domain. Based on this concept, KK relations are implemented in the form of FIR filters with the logarithmic sampling. It is demonstrated that KK transformers have sampling rate dependent impulse and frequency responses and only calculation of the imaginary part from the real part can be implemented by a computationally realisable filter. The performance of different types of transformers is studied. Approximately inversely proportional relationship is established between the error and the frequency range of input signal used for computing an output sample. It is found that transformers with even number of coefficients provide better performance than those having an odd number if input data are available within a frequency range wider than four decades. Usage of additional transformers with the shifted or shortened impulse responses is investigated for eliminating shortening of usable output sequence due to filter delay. The simulation results are provided for an elementary relaxation system (a single Debye relaxation) and systems described by the Havriliak-Negami dispersion relation. Some known numerical KK transform techniques are analysed in the functional filtering context.

Comenta especificamente os principais elementos da seleção de documentos para digitalização, considerando que mesmo instituições de grande porte enfrentam lacunas na capacitação de seus quadros funcionais. Nesse sentido reúne aspectos observados em assessorias técnicas prestadas ao Centro de Memória e Documentação da Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa e à Divisão de Informação e Prospecção Tecnológica do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, ambas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Conclui com considerações acerca do acesso remoto digital a acervos de instituições públicas.

Recently, the cataloging department at Michigan State University Libraries was asked to catalog all 8000 full-text MSU ETDs in ProQuest. Since deriving MARC records by inserting appropriate MARC fields and pasting persistent URL from ProQuest database one at a time would be a very time-consuming process, an automated “batch-derive” process using XSLT was developed. This process selected and merged data

Computer vision algorithms are often limited in their application by the large amount of data that must be processed. Mammalian vision systems mitigate this high bandwidth requirement by prioritizing certain regions of the visual field with neural circuits that select the most salient regions. This work introduces a novel and computationally efficient visual saliency algorithm for performing this neuromorphic attention-based data reduction. The proposed algorithm has the added advantage that it is compatible with an analog CMOS design while still achieving comparable performance to existing state-of-the-art saliency algorithms. This compatibility allows for direct integration with the analog-to-digital conversion circuitry present in CMOS image sensors. This integration leads to power savings in the converter by quantizing only the salient pixels. Further system-level power savings are gained by reducing the amount of data that must be transmitted and processed in the digital domain...

This paper provides a comparison between methods used to represent unary, binary and n-ary relations in the relational database (RDB) and object-oriented database (OODB) models and the association-oriented database (AODB) model proposed in terms of their unambiguity. We have elaborated upon the RDB, OODB and AODB models perceived from the perspective of the categories applied to define them. What has been discussed is a number of solutions assuming the form of schemes for the AODB model. We substantiate that those solutions have unequivocally met the conditions of relations of any chosen arity and multiplicity, at the same time keeping the notation concise, unambiguous and considerably expressive.

Capacitor mismatch is the main source of nonlinearity for pipelined analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. Here a digital erroraveraging technique is presented to greatly reduce this effect. Compared to the conventional circuit, the new approach requires only one extra digital addition. This allows a very simple and compact implementation. On the other hand, the conversion speed is halved because one conversion now requires two clock cycles instead of one. Therefore this technique is most suitable when moderately high speed combined with high resolution is required.

This paper provides a comparison between methods used to represent unary, binary and n-ary relations in the relational database (RDB) and object-oriented database (OODB) models and the association-oriented database (AODB) model proposed in terms of their unambiguity. We have elaborated upon the RDB, OODB and AODB models perceived from the perspective of the categories applied to define them. What has been discussed is a number of solutions assuming the form of schemes for the AODB model. We substantiate that those solutions have unequivocally met the conditions of relations of any chosen arity and multiplicity, at the same time keeping the notation concise, unambiguous and considerably expressive.

My deepest appreciation goes to my advisor, Dr. Gee-Kung Chang. I am grateful for his guidance through out my research at Georgia Tech. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my Ph.D. Without his support and encouragement, I would never have finished. My co-advisor Dr. Jianjun Yu, who has a great part in shaping my research work and helped me tremendously at every step forward. He has been a source of inspiration for me. I also thank Prof. Chang and Dr. Yu for carefully going through my publication drafts, correcting my presentations, and helping me learn the various skills of academic research. I also thank my committee members Dr. Chuanyi

This paper presents an overview and comprehensive survey of Residue Number System (RNS) and Bioinformatics. It focuses on application of RNS to Smith-Waterman Algorithm (SWA), highlights how the inherent attributes of RNS can be applied to improve performance of SWA in the analysis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and also observes the two principal methods of data conversion and lastly, we suggest the direction for future research.

The most well-known modulation format in optical telecommunication link is On-Off Keying (OOK). Some new modulation formats allow transmission beyond the OOK dispersion limit. One of these formats is a phase shaped binary transmission (PSBT). It has recently been used to reach record distances in long-haul light wave communications systems, due to its high tolerance to chromatic dispersion (CD) and narrow band optical filtering compared to binary formats. This can be explaining in frequency domain by narrower spectra. PSBT is of high interest for long-haul distances as a result for its well known enhanced dispersion tolerance and improved spectral efficiency. Our goal is to make an upgraded WDM system with two formats at two differents Bit rate. Channels are spaced of 100 GHz and transmission is over 200 km. the optical link is constituted with SMF fiber, Dispersion compensated Fiber (DCF) and Erbium Dopped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). This optical link is build with four 55 Km loops with the same configuration of SMF, DCF and EDFA. Wavelength division multiplexing is now used with ITU-T recommendations. The recommendations must be respect even if the installation will be upgrade. The goal is to reach the optical telecommunication link by allowing a tremendous in the capacity cross distance product. One of advantages of WDM transmission systems is the possibility to upgrade a system channel by channel. In this work, we insert with different bit rates several modulation formats. The upgraded system is composed of 5 channels ITU-T grid. We insert a PSBT format in middle of four channels OOK format and compare it with a system of five channels OOK formats. Differents configurations are investigated and compared with standard optical transmission link with OOK schemes. We highlighted in the case of system with OOK format with high bit rate. The presence of interference between adjacent channels degrades the signal at reception. In the case of upgraded channel with a PSBT format the interference is almost zero. This is due to the fact that the PSBT format and a narrow spectral occupation that should make it an ideal candidate for dense WDM. This solution allows an update for channels with new modulation format at higher bit rate with no consequence for the other channels.

Information required by practicing architects, engineers, construction managers, building operators, asset managers, owners, and users becomes more and more distributed, detailed, and richer. BIG DATA is on the rise and this trend will not stop. We rather expect that this trend will further accelerate in the upcoming years as; more and more sensor technologies will become widely available to access existing conditions in the built environment, more and more information streams will be combined for various purposes, e.g. mobile data access information to space use in order to evaluate wireless infrastructure performance but also to establish building use patterns in post-occupancy evaluations,  advanced design tools will allow for more detailed data-driven simulation of an increasing number of design alternatives in shorter time spans, and  participatory efforts will involve an ever larger number of specialists and non-specialists that all provide information that needs to be account...