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Damages law

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Damages law is a branch of tort law that governs the compensation awarded to a party for loss or injury caused by the wrongful act of another. It encompasses the principles and rules determining the types, amounts, and methods of calculating damages in civil litigation.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Damages law is a branch of tort law that governs the compensation awarded to a party for loss or injury caused by the wrongful act of another. It encompasses the principles and rules determining the types, amounts, and methods of calculating damages in civil litigation.

Key research themes

1. How does tort law justify compensation as a mechanism of interpersonal justice distinct from social insurance schemes?

This theme investigates the normative basis of tort law focusing on compensatory damages as a tool of interpersonal justice, distinct from alternative redress mechanisms like social insurance. It explores the moral rationale for holding wrongdoers directly responsible to victims and addresses conditions under which tort law may be supplemented or replaced by collective compensation schemes.

Key finding: This paper argues that tort law’s value primarily resides in its function as a system of interpersonal justice rather than pure efficiency or deterrence. It conceptualizes tort law as comprising primary rights (not to be... Read more
Key finding: Applying corrective justice theory, this article contends that restitutionary damages in torts should only be awarded when linked to the defendant's wrongful gain that corresponds to an element of the injustice. It challenges... Read more
Key finding: Through empirical analysis of Polish jurisprudence, this study finds that wrongfulness in tort law is broadly interpreted as behavior contrary to legal norms and principles of social coexistence, which includes moral norms.... Read more

2. What are the challenges, psychological dynamics, and institutional mechanisms affecting the awarding of punitive damages in personal injury and tort cases?

This theme involves multidisciplinary inquiry into the psychology behind punitive damages, the erratic nature of damage awards, and comparative jurisprudential approaches. It encompasses empirical, normative, and prescriptive analyses, identifying challenges in jury decision-making, consensus versus variability in damage awards, and judicial attitudes influencing punitive damages’ use for deterrence and retribution.

Key finding: This experimental study finds that while jurors show consensus on the degree of wrongful conduct (‘outrage’), the mapping of punitive intent onto monetary awards is highly variable and erratic. The work introduces an ‘outrage... Read more
Key finding: Using a comparative analysis of punitive damages in Singapore and the United States alongside intra-disciplinary perspectives from tort and contract law, this paper reveals that a balance between deterrence and... Read more
Key finding: This quantitative study reveals that Polish courts frequently reference affective and emotional terms in personal injury decisions, distinguishing diverse emotional experiences rather than lumping them uniformly. It finds... Read more

3. How do legal systems approach non-economic and personalized damages in personal injury and companion animal cases, and what reforms are proposed to better align legal compensation with social and emotional realities?

This theme focuses on specific categories of damages that extend beyond economic loss, examining non-pecuniary damages in personal injury and the legal treatment of companion animals. It highlights comparative and doctrinal challenges in awarding such damages, societal valuation complexities, and proposals for legal reform to better reflect emotional harm, family status of animals, and harmonized injury assessment.

Key finding: This paper provides a comparative analysis revealing that European and American jurisdictions distinguish objective, medically ascertainable non-economic damages from more subjective categories like pain and suffering. It... Read more
Key finding: By analyzing the European Commission’s proposals on AI liability, this paper highlights difficulties in proving fault and causality due to AI’s complexity, advocating for compensation funds particularly for high-risk AI... Read more
Key finding: The article critically examines the legal status of companion animals as property, exposing the inadequacy of equating fair market value with owners’ emotional losses in damage awards. It proposes a novel legal framework... Read more
Key finding: This empirical study reveals subjective disparities in societal valuation of lives in wrongful death claims, showing that factors like age, occupation, and other personal characteristics influence perceived seriousness of... Read more

All papers in Damages law

Rezolucja Parlamentu Europejskiego z dnia 21 stycznia 2021 r. zawierające zalecenia dla Komisji w sprawie prawa do bycia offline, (Dz. U. UE. C. z 2021 r. nr 456), s. 161. Rozporządzenie Ministra Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej z dnia 26... more
The current stage of civil engineering is characterized by special attention to the safety of structures with a long service life. Such objects were designed several decades ago and their safe operation was ensured by significant safety... more
This search aims to study and test the effect of using a new material (mortar infiltrated fiber concrete) as repair material in crucial regions that need a special type of repair like (deck of bridges, pavements, and defense structures).... more
Indennità, risarcimento e danni punitivi nel diritto del lavoro sommario: 1. I limiti dei rimedi di diritto comune. 2. L'indagine su una prospettiva rimediale. 3. Le indennità speciali in materia di lavoro. 4. La qualificazione come pena... more
The role of a contracting party's efforts-as in working, trying, or exerting in the performance of a contract is an understudied and undertheorized issue in contract law. Often, parties incorporate various efforts provisions in their... more
Subjected to compulsory medical treatment declared unlawful, a woman claimed compensation for non-material damage against the various parties involved in the procedure. She filed a claim for non-pecuniary damages against the various... more
This volume analyses the most recent books on lawyers' liability for damages in European countries and, in the United States, held by the world's major libraries and published between 2020 and 2025. Thus, the books commissioned by the... more
The traditional approach to duty in nervous shock cases required more hurdles to be met than in cases of ordinary physical injury. The feminist critique of these cases demonstrated that these hurdles were created by gendered stereotypes... more
Diplomová práca na tému Environmentálne spolky, ich právne postavenie a úlohy v spoločnosti má za cieľ popísať vybrané aspekty environmentálnych spolkov demonštratívne overené v praxi reprezentatívnym združením a to od postavenia a... more
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba rekonstrukcji pojęcia szkody antymonopolowej, którego genezy poszukiwać należy w Dyrektywie 2014/104/UE z 26 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie niektórych przepisów regulujących dochodzenie roszczeń... more
Colné právo predstavuje relatívne samostatný subsystém verejného práva, ktorý sa v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky a v nadväznosti na dynamický vývoj politiky EÚ vyznačuje tendenciou oddeľovania od daňového ale najmä finančného práva.... more
El siguiente artículo de investigación se encauza a la fundamentación teórica de la teoría de la pérdida de oportunidad y su aplicación en casos de negligencia en el ejercicio de la abogacía. Dicha construcción teórica se refiere a la... more
The paer deal on unjust enrichment
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Wenn ich einen Untertitel für diese Rezension wählen müsste, würde ich diesen wählen: "Band VI des Handbuchs (zum Thema ,Verwaltungsrecht und Privatrecht') aus der Sicht eines ausländischen Verwaltungsrechtlers". Die vom... more
En Riegel v. Medtronic Inc. (552 U.S.__2008; February 20, 2008), el Sr. Riegel tuvo que ser sometido a un by-pass como consecuencia de la rotura del catéter, fabricado por Medtronic, con el que su médico le practicaba una angioplastia. A... more
This paper analyses the legal response reflected in jurisprudential texts to the damaging incidents arising from urban constructions in ancient Rome, with special attention to the most serious ones: collapses, landslides and fires; the... more
У статті аналізуються зміни до Кримінального кодексу України, внесені Законом України від 09 січня 2025 року, щодо відповідальності за порушення вимог до утримання та експлуатації об’єктів фонду захисних споруд цивільного захисту.... more
This thesis examines the legal framework and practical implications of ad hoc disclosure obligations in the context of future events and extended (multi-stage) decision-making processes. Focusing on the requirements of the Market Abuse... more
The European Law Institute (ELI) is an independent non-profit organisation established to initiate, conduct and facilitate research, make recommendations and provide practical guidance in the field of European legal development. Building... more
Lo scritto muove da un'analisi di regole e modalità di liquidazione del danno per constatare come sia probabilmente illusorio pensare che il risarcimento riesca effettivamente a essere pari al danno. Di qui l'ipotesi di un superamento del... more
Sul presupposto che, almeno in certi casi, il risarcimento di un danno non patrimoniale nelle forme del risarcimento in forma specifica potrebbe essere concesso più utilmente che un risarcimento per equivalente pecuniario, l'autore si... more
r i v i s t a b i m e s t r a l e d i d o t t r i n a , g i u r i s p r u d e n z a e l e g i s l a z i o n e d i retta da Gi ovanni I ud i ca -Ugo Car neva li | estratto
Many times contract transactions are entered into by parties, the transactions may commence on clear terms and on a good note, however, midway in the contract or at the end thereof parties may have cause to disagree, or may encounter... more
Esta pesquisa almeja analisar a interrelação entre (não) discriminação e a caracterização do dano moral coletivo como instrumento de proteção de grupos vulneráveis. O objetivo geral do estudo ora proposto é explorar e examinar a... more
The main objective of this study was to talk about the use and effectiveness of the electronic anklet. For this, a bibliographic research was initially carried out in articles, monographs, among others that addressed the aforementioned... more
L'ingiustificato arricchimento nei confronti della Pubblica Amministrazione è un classico esempio della complessa convivenza tra le esigenze di tutela del privato ed i principi pubblicisti che regolano l'agere pubblico. Il contributo,... more
Özel hukuk sistemimizde sorumluluk iki ana başlıkta ele alınır. Bunlardan ilki borçlunun sorumluluğunun kaynağıdır. İkincisi ise, borçlu hukuken sorumlu olduğunda alacaklıya ne ile sorumlu olacağı durumudur. Borçlu, alacaklıya karşı... more
Comparative chapters on German and Austrian laws implementing the EU provisions on Business Register Interconnection System, drafted in view of proposing similar provisions to be enacted in Polish law
della lite e la tutela indennitaria dell'assicuratore di responsabilità civile SOMMARIO: 1. Funzione e natura giuridica del patto. -2. Gestione della lite, obbligo di salvataggio e regime delle spese di resistenza. -3. Il governo del... more
Il contratto di assicurazione sulla vita del mutuatario che prevede che, in caso di morte di quest'ultimo, l'indennizzo sia dovuto alla banca mutuante, e nello stesso tempo che il versamento dell'indennizzo estingua il credito residuo... more
Interpretazione del contratto -Qualificazione -Contratto di assicurazione -Assicurazione per conto altrui -Titolarità del diritto. (Cod. civ., art. 1362 e ss.; 1891). Va cassata la sentenza d'appello che abbia statuito la nullità del... more
Nowe s ´rodki ochrony pokrzywdzonego w polskim prawie karnym procesowym Stworzenie dla ofiar przeste ˛pstw skutecznych mechanizmo ´w ochrony i pomocy karnoprocesowej staje sie ˛wyrazista˛tendencja˛w polityce karnej Unii Europejskiej, jak... more
Nowe s ´rodki ochrony pokrzywdzonego w polskim prawie karnym procesowym Stworzenie dla ofiar przeste ˛pstw skutecznych mechanizmo ´w ochrony i pomocy karnoprocesowej staje sie ˛wyrazista˛tendencja˛w polityce karnej Unii Europejskiej, jak... more
Im Gastblog "Alles, was Recht ist" der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Innsbruck (der in Kooperation mit der Tageszeitung "Der Standard" betrieben wird) analysiert Marlon Possard die Unbestimmtheit der KI-Verordnung... more
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