Cultural Dimension

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to highlight the importance of culturally mediated instruction in library and information science (LIS) teaching and learning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses three distinct approaches in culturally mediated instruction and learning environment, as product, process, and philosophy. The paper deals with the general concept of the cultural dimension of human development through identification of students who are culturally different from the main stream orientation, by creating culturally mediated instruction in a learning environment The paper further elaborates the role of LIS schools in this direction. It concludes by suggesting ways in which LIS education could be improved by being inclusive with the changing global society and its needs.FindingsIt is evident that culturally inclusive instruction can enhance the learning of LIS students who are responsive to the needs of their diverse communities and who are able to be change...

Aunque generalmente se considera que la cultura es un factor determinante de la capacidad empresarial, generalmente no se cuenta con el consenso sobre la influencia precisa de esta variable en el desempeño empresarial en las economías emergentes. Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, este estudio confirmatorio y multidisciplinario buscó investigar el efecto de las dimensiones culturales sobre el desempeño empresarial de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas en Zimbabwe. Las variables independientes se derivaron principalmente de las dimensiones culturales de Hofstede y un total de 250 cuestionarios fueron distribuidos a Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas en Zimbabwe. La investigación adoptó un enfoque multisectorial y los encuestados fueron extraídos de las diez provincias de Zimbabwe. Para confirmar la existencia de una relación entre las dimensiones culturales y el desempeño empresarial, se empleó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales, una técnica confirmatoria y multivariada, comenzando por...

O ensino é concebido como prática de resistência, em que professores e alunos assumem papéis ativos na produção de significados e no questionamento das relações de dominação impostas pela lógica do capital e pelos discursos hegemônicos da cultura global. Ao mesmo tempo, a escola é entendida como espaço contraditório, no qual coexistem forças de controle e possibilidades de emancipação. O estudo evidencia ainda que Giroux rompe com perspectivas pedagógicas conservadoras e tecnicistas, que reduzem a prática docente a métodos de instrução ou a estratégias de gestão de sala de aula. Ao contrário, propõe uma prática pedagógica pautada na autonomia, no diálogo crítico e na consciência histórica, aproximando-se da tradição freiriana. Tal concepção exige que o professor se reconheça como intelectual transformador, capaz de intervir criticamente no currículo, de problematizar os conteúdos e de construir com os estudantes um processo de aprendizagem voltado para a cidadania democrática e para a justiça social.

PurposeThe paper aims at creating understanding on the dynamics of intellectual capital (IC), which has emerged recently as one of the major issues on the research agenda. The theme is studied from a national point of view.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis has been conducted using data from the IMD Competitiveness Report covering the data of 51 countries from the years 2000‐2005. Data analysis is aimed at analysing time dependent relationships between intellectual capital and GNP growth. The research provides parameters of four types of effects for a nation's GNP growth: sustaining effects, boosting effects, linear growth potential and exponential growth potential. Based on the developmental stage of the countries they were grouped to: developing; transitional; and developed countries, and the effects of IC was studied within and between these groups.FindingsThe analysis specifies the types of IC factors that have important effects on economic growth on different level of ...

This study sets out to test the assumption that concepts of leadership differ as a function of cultural differences in Europe and to identify dimensions which describe differences in leadership concepts across European countries. Middle‐level managers (N = 6052) from 22 European countries rated 112 questionnaire items containing descriptions of leadership traits and behaviours. For each attribute respondents rated how well it fits their concept of an outstanding business leader. The findings support the assumption that leadership concepts are culturally endorsed. Specifically, clusters of European countries which share similar cultural values according to prior cross‐cultural research (Ronen & Shenkar, 1985), also share similar leadership concepts. The leadership prototypicality dimensions found are highly correlated with cultural dimensions reported in a comprehensive cross‐cultural study of contemporary Europe (Smith, Dugan, & Trompenaars, 1996). The ordering of countries on the l...

After a brief foray on the concept of organizational culture and on the research in this area, our work relates to how the project was organised featuring COMOR exploratory research activities, research that aims to identify the greatest possible number of elements, sides ...

Majority of Persian war novels written on the topic of the Iran-Iraq war address similar ideological and political themes and, according to social interests, have acted in the direction of promoting a unified discourse. However, in this context, we are witnessing the emergence of different works, such as the novel Chess with the Doomsday Machine written by Habib Ahmed Zadeh, which has somewhat distanced itself from monologic works and has utilized elements that create polyphony. Chess with the Doomsday Machine, by incorporating physicality into the life of the hero and also using the street talk and abusive speech of one of the characters in the story, leads to a multiplicity of perspectives and linguistic styles in the narrative. The worldview of the narrator is not the only expressed perspective in the story; this worldview loses its established authority through the existential questions and counter-discourse of another character, the Engineer. The phenomenon of mirroring and creating imitation pairs for characters and events in the story also arises from the dual nature of the carnival; Moreover, the postponement of the hero/narrator's actions in fulfilling military duties and engaging in unconventional matters delays victory as a given, thus undermining the key factor of linear time in monologic novels.

This paper is the first to explore the impact of culture on the acceptability of workplace bullying and to do so across a wide range of countries. Physically intimidating bullying is less acceptable than work related bullying both within groups of similar cultures and globally. Cultures with high performance orientation find bullying to be more acceptable while those with high future orientation find bullying to be less acceptable. A high humane orientation is associated with finding work related bullying to be less acceptable. Confucian Asia finds work-related bullying to be more acceptable than the Anglo, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa country clusters and finds physically intimidating bullying to be more acceptable than the Anglo and Latin America country clusters. The differences in the acceptability of bullying with respect to these cultures are partially explained in terms of cultural dimensions.

Types of variable structure decision making organizations are defined and triggers of adaptation are discussed. An approach to determining quasi-static organizational forms is described; in this approach a set of fixed structure organizational forms are used. Then, an algorithm for determining incrementally adapting organizations is outlined. This includes the representation of the adaptive structures, the set of rules that govern the adaptation, and the determination of the feasible paths through which a given structure can be transformed to another one. The procedure establishes requirements for the underlying command, control, and communications system.

Cars are no longer simply tools for transportation but are evolving into connected platforms that bring together efficiency, comfort, and safety in ways that reshape everyday travel. This evolution extends beyond electrification, signalling a fundamental rethinking of how people interact with mobility. A new generation of premium electric models is setting benchmarks that influence both enthusiasts and mainstream buyers. Understanding this transition requires close attention to design, performance, and how vehicles respond in real driving scenarios.
Shaping the new era of mobility
In recent years, premium transportation has undergone a dramatic shift, with new manufacturers challenging long-standing norms and reshaping customer expectations. During a detailed Zeekr test drive, it became evident that the brand combines advanced engineering with forward-looking design to create a driving experience that points to the future of mobility. By blending long-range, strong performance, and smart digital systems, it is clear that these vehicles are not simply matching competitors but carving out a new standard for the industry.
This transition reflects a broader change in consumer priorities. Modern drivers are less focused on horsepower alone and more interested in intelligent systems that adapt to their lifestyle. Vehicles are now expected to function as personalised environments, offering connectivity, assistance, and environmental responsibility in ways that extend beyond basic functionality. This is not a passing phase but a permanent shift in how mobility is conceived and delivered. Equally significant is the role of sustainability in shaping this era. From policymakers to everyday drivers, there is a growing consensus toward choices that minimise long-term environmental impact. Premium electric vehicles increasingly highlight sustainable practices, from low-impact manufacturing to interiors crafted with recyclable and ethically sourced materials. When performance is combined with responsibility, the result is a driving experience that feels both advanced and conscientious.
The cumulative effect of these changes signals a pivotal moment in transportation. As new brands expand their global reach, their ability to merge innovation with identity will determine their market position. Current progress suggests that this movement is not temporary but a decisive shift toward making premium electric cars the benchmark for the future.
Design as a reflection of modern luxury
Design remains one of the most powerful ways to communicate a vehicle’s identity. In the latest wave of electric models, design is not just about visual appeal but about creating a language of purpose and modern sophistication. Sleek silhouettes, sharp lines, and aerodynamic efficiency reflect a blend of artistry and practicality, showing that beauty can directly enhance performance.
Stepping inside the cabin, this philosophy continues. Interiors are crafted to be tranquil yet functional spaces, using refined materials and intuitive layouts. Screens and controls are integrated with subtlety, creating an environment that feels futuristic without overwhelming the driver. Luxury in this sense is no longer tied to excess, but to carefully considered details that combine comfort with usability. Equally important is how design communicates sustainability. Many manufacturers now showcase innovative approaches, such as leather alternatives, renewable textiles, and eco-conscious finishes. By embedding these values directly into their vehicles, they demonstrate that premium experiences can coexist with environmental awareness. Connectivity also plays a major role in modern design. Personalised lighting, immersive sound systems, and adjustable digital environments ensure that each journey feels unique. This personalisation reflects a deeper understanding: mobility today is not just about reaching destinations but about shaping experiences that match individual lifestyles.
Performance meeting innovation
Performance continues to be a defining feature of premium vehicles, but electrification has transformed what that means. Acceleration and handling are no longer tied to combustion power but achieved through high-capacity batteries, dual-motor systems, and precisely engineered software. This results in a driving experience that is both dynamic and efficient, offering exhilaration without compromising sustainability.
What distinguishes modern electric models is the smoothness of this performance. Immediate torque delivers a rapid response, while regenerative braking optimises energy use. Multiple driving modes allow effortless transitions between efficiency-oriented cruising and sport-like agility. This flexibility resonates with drivers who want a car that adapts to every scenario without losing excitement. Range capabilities have also advanced significantly. Where earlier EVs struggled with distance limitations, current models now rival or even surpass their fuel-powered counterparts. Combined with expanding fast-charging infrastructure, long-distance journeys have become not only feasible but also practical. This evolution positions electric performance as a reliable alternative in daily and extended travel. Innovation in performance is equally visible in intelligent driver assistance. Predictive systems, adaptive cruise technologies, and real-time sensor integration create a balance between safety and enjoyment. The vehicle’s ability to anticipate and adjust to road conditions enhances both confidence and comfort. In this sense, performance is no longer measured only by speed but by how well technology elevates every aspect of the drive.
Comfort and technology working together.
Comfort remains central to the appeal of high-end vehicles, yet in this new era, it is defined with greater sophistication. Spacious cabins, carefully engineered seating, and high-quality materials ensure that both driver and passengers feel supported on every journey. Even over long distances, the environment retains its sense of refinement and ease.
Technology enhances this comfort in meaningful ways. Intelligent climate systems react instantly to outside conditions, maintaining balance without wasting energy. Soundproofing innovations reduce unwanted noise, creating a calm interior that supports conversation and entertainment. Lighting systems that adjust subtly to time or mood contribute to an immersive experience.
Digital features also elevate convenience. From voice-activated assistance to gesture controls and streamlined infotainment, technology reduces distractions while keeping drivers connected. Interfaces are designed to be intuitive, blending seamlessly with the driving experience instead of demanding constant attention. This balance of simplicity and innovation reinforces the idea of the car as an adaptable personal space.
The passenger experience is equally prioritised. Panoramic views, advanced entertainment, and thoughtful details in the rear cabin highlight the importance of inclusivity in design. Vehicles are no longer just about the driver—they are evolving into shared spaces where comfort, productivity, and enjoyment coexist, shaping mobility into something more comprehensive than before.
Conclusion
The exploration of future mobility through a Zeekr test drive review illustrates how the industry is rapidly advancing toward a higher standard of luxury, innovation, and sustainability. These vehicles are not just replacements for traditional models but symbols of how mobility is being redefined. By merging technology with responsibility and blending performance with comfort, this new generation of electric cars offers a vision of driving that is more intelligent, more sustainable, and more rewarding than ever before.

La cultura configura el mundo interno de los individuos y grupos (como actores sociales) y es por ellos configurada (como autores culturales), según el tipo de relaciones y condiciones generales de existencia de los estratos y clases sociales a la que pertenecen. Constituye el hacer, el sentir, el pensar y el imaginario social de un pueblo y de los grupos que lo componen, su auto-concepto social e individual. Además, el orden político y sus instituciones, como uno de los más importantes logros de la cultura, no está excluido de esa percepción de la realidad de los actores sociales, por el contrario, está estrechamente asimilado como pautas político-

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre o multiculturalismo e suas relações com uma proposta de educação vinculada à problemática de uma sociedade multicultural. Considerando a formação inicial de professores como um espaço fundamental para a valorização e problematização das diferenças no espaço escolar, parte do pressuposto de que os currículos das universidades devem priorizar a reflexão por parte dos futuros educadores sobre sua identidade, sobre os saberes locais específicos e ainda sobre como a linguagem pode agir como um fator de silenciamento das culturas minoritárias e locais, buscando compreender as relações entre conhecimento escolar, cultura e linguagem. Articulando a discussão em torno do multiculturalismo crítico com a formação de professores, os autores argumentam que uma formação multiculturalmente orientada deve ser o resultado da combinação das dimensões pedagógica, política e cultural de modo que se possa criar condições e instrumentos que permitam aos futuros educadores atuarem como profissionais reflexivos e comprometidos em romper com as práticas monoculturais presentes no cotidiano escolar.

This study examines the relationships between political culture and organizational culture within the framework of Hofstede's cultural dimensions. Hofstede's dimensions of power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-termshort-term orientation, and tolerance-restriction offer a systematic approach to understanding both societal and organizational behavior. The research reveals that political culture and organizational culture are parallel structures. In societies with high power distance, political systems are generally hierarchical and centralized, while authoritarian and vertical structures are also observed in organizations. Collectivist societies prioritize group solidarity and loyalty in both political participation and the workplace, while individualistic societies prioritize individual achievement and autonomy. Evaluations conducted on the Turkish sample clearly demonstrate these dynamics. According to Hofstede Insights data, Turkey has high power distance and uncertainty avoidance scores and exhibits collectivist tendencies. These characteristics are reflected in the political system as centralized decision-making and a strong state structure, and in organizations as hierarchical structures, adherence to rules, and group cohesion. The study demonstrates that political and organizational culture are mutually reinforcing in Turkey. The findings offer important implications for practice in both political and organizational spheres. Reducing power distance, encouraging participatory leadership models, fostering a culture open to innovation and entrepreneurship, and balancing collectivist and individualist values can enhance democratic governance and organizational effectiveness. This study contributes to the literature by systematically linking Hofstede's cultural dimensions to political and organizational behavior, and cross-cultural studies offer important guidance for policymakers and managers.

provide empirical evidence that, democracies, compared to autocracies, generate less volatile growth. This paper identifies channels through which democracies can generate less volatile growth by incorporating Hofstede's (1980a,b) two cultural dimensions: 'individualism' and 'power distance'. In our theoretical analysis, we consider societies (1) with less power-distance oriented and individualistic division rules, and (2) with more power-distance oriented and collectivist ones. We find that (1) generate less volatile growth by encouraging at least some agents to invest even when the others don't invest due to unfavorable conditions, which would discourage investment totally in (2). In our empirical analysis it turns out that, individualism on which most democracies are based, is the crucial variable in explaining variations in the economic growth volatility. As predicted by our theoretical model, the relationship is negative, i.e. as individualism scores of countries increase economic growth becomes less volatile.

Abstract: 1 In general, more supportive organizations typically masculine values and practices conform to their reward. Attributes considered as male dominance or strength determination are protected, rationality is superior to intuition, task orientation is considered more effective than interpersonal orientation. In principle, things made by men and Case strengthen competition, reinforce women worry female character, concern for family and lifestyle. Keywords: cultural dimensions, managerial behavior, survey, cultural implications

This paper aims to examine challenges that are inherent in multicultural student group work (MCSG) in higher education and the differences between students from different cultural backgrounds in how they perceive the importance of challenges in MCSG. For this purpose, a 19-item survey was completed by students (N = 141) of the 9-EC (European Credits) Academic Consultancy Training (ACT) course of Wageningen University, a university in the Netherlands in the domain of life sciences with a student population consisting of over 30% foreign students from over 100 different countries. Students were required to rate on a Likert scale (from 1 to 5) the importance of a certain challenge in MCSG. Challenges for students in MCSG were analyzed using scales that centered on cross-cutting challenges and culture-related challenges in multicultural group work identified in exploratory factor analysis. To examine the extent to which culturally diverse students differed with respect to their perceptions of the importance of the challenges, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted based on Hofstede's individualist-collectivist cultural dimension. Free-riding, insufficient English language skills and students not communicating properly were perceived by all participants of this explorative case study to be the most important challenges in MCSG. The results suggest that students' cultural background (the individualist-collectivist dimension) affects their perceptions of the importance of challenges in MCSG. Explanations for these results and recommendations for future research are provided.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir los conceptos más relevantes en torno al liderazgo, así como al aspecto transcultural del mismo y su impacto en las organizaciones, considerando algunas variables relacionadas con el liderazgo ...

People need real opportunities to live the kind of life to which they aspire - to undertake livelihood activities they have reason to value, to achieve good health and well being outcomes, and to have resilience to shocks and stresses. A range of stakeholders consider that economic development is constrained by lack of engagement between Aboriginal people and labor markets,

We present an experiment on the behavior of individual subjects across four simple economic games: ​the Dictator Game, the Ultimatum Bargaining Game, the Trust Game, and the Public Goods Gam​e. Subjects complete the games using the strategy method with role reversal. We thus gather data from each subject that allows us to construct a full decision plan for each role in each game, and we then study the relationships between behavior at the individual subject level in the different games. We find that dictator giving decisions are highly predictive of offers in the ultimatum game, and also of trust game return decisions. We also find strong relationships between behavior in the trust and public good games. Specifically, amounts sent in the trust game are highly predictive of unconditional contributions in the public good game, and demonstrating high reciprocity in the trust game by returning high proportions after receiving a high amount is highly predictive of heavily conditioning pu...

During the US corporate reforms of the 1930s, the prophetic voices of attorney Adolf Berle, economist Gardiner Means, and investment banker Sidney Weinberg identified key elements in the corporate director’s work. At the end of the decade, William O. Douglas, chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, called for a “professional director,” but without acknowledging the possible downsides of the role. Such an exploration would come only when  Sidney’s son John L. Weinberg explored both the pros and the cons of a “professional director” in his 1948 senior thesis at Princeton University. But buried as it was in a library shelf, the Weinberg thesis had little impact. It was not until In 1996 that the term “director professionalism” appeared in the English language, with the landmark Report of the NACD Blue Ribbon Commission on Director Professionalism chaired by Ira M. Millstein in 1996. But even then, the concept of the professional director failed to take root.  In the nearly 30 years since the landmark NACD report, the term “director professionalism” has not entered the general business nomenclature; most articles that mention this term refer only to the NACD report or courses based on it.  Perhaps with the republication and discussion of John A. Weinberg’s thesis by the University of Delaware Press in late 2025, more attention will be paid to professionalism in the boardroom.

This is a study of how the synergisms between cultural and structural factors, which played a major role during the historical fertility and nuptiality transition (first demographic transition or FDT), have continued to condition demographic innovations connected to the "second demographic transition" (SDT). The continuity or discontinuity from the "first" to the "second" demographic transition is studied for spatial aggregates over more than a century in two national contexts, i.e. Belgium and Spain. Special attention is paid to the role of successive secularization waves in shaping the geographical patterns of both transitions. The study also shows that the maps of the two aspects of the SDT, i.e. the "postponement" and the "non-conformism" transitions respectively, are shaped by different determinants. Explanations are offered using the "Ready, Willing, and Able" paradigm, which allows us to uncover the different conditioning and limiting factors involved. The "non-conformist" transitions (control of marital fertility during the FDT and rise of cohabitation and non-conventional family formation during the SDT) more closely mirror the history of secularization and the "Willingness" condition, whereas the fertility postponement aspect of the SDT mainly reflects female education and employment, or the "Readiness" condition. This generalization holds in both countries. However, in Belgium spatial continuity from FDT to SDT is connected to stable patterns of secularization, whereas in Spain it is linked to long standing differences with respect to female literacy and education.

Dr. Tahir Taunsvi is a well-known Urdu writer. His literary services have multiple dimensions. He is the author of more than seventy seven books and two hundred research articles. The most important field of his literary services is Urdu research. He searched out a vast asset of Urdu literature with keen interest and diligence and made it a precious part of the arena of Urdu language and literature. He also promoted many common and prominent literary personalities and introduced some new poets. Most of his research work is based on editing and compilation. He published thirty four books in this regard which has a great importance for research scholars and readers. There are fourteen research books of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi where we may find the elements of pure research. These publications of great importance unfold the research method used by Dr. Tahir Taunsvi. Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s research work covers the diverse topics of Urdu language and literature i.e. Prose, Poetry and Linguistic. In this article, the author has briefly evaluated the research services of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi by analyzing his research method and his important research books.

This study evaluates the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Oman’s oil sector, addressing gaps in existing literature by incorporating perspectives from community members, employees, and industry experts. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzes CSR practices among various stakeholders, with descriptive data analyzed via SPSS. The study provides a comprehensive evaluation of CSR in Oman’s oil sector, emphasizing financial aspects and government compliance, and combines both qualitative and quantitative data to offer new insights into CSR’s financial impact and legal adherence. Findings indicate that CSR practices in Oman’s oil sector are influenced by both voluntary and mandatory factors. While CSR efforts are present, their impact is constrained by limited sustainable initiatives, and financial and legal compliance requires significant improvement. The financial dimension emerges as a critical factor in enhancing CSR effectiveness. This research offers a framework for future CSR studies in oil-rich countries like Oman and calls for further exploration into CSR’s financial impact and government regulations. It also highlights the need for multi-stakeholder approaches to CSR that balance social and business objectives.

Les diff é rences culturelles entre pays vont-elles disparaître suite à la venue du « village global » ? Ce papier propose que bien au contraire, les nouveaux média de communication permettent aux gens de renforcer leurs identités culturelles.

This paper introduces a workshop in which teams from a number of "synthetic cultures" have to cooperate in order to design a communication architecture for a multinational company. The communication needed is about the sales and maintenance of windmills manufactured by the company. The synthetic cultures are ideal types of the extreme scale values of five well-established, empirically found dimensions of national culture. Four of them are already being used in workshops for interculturalleaming. The case study on windmills is fictive. The workshop is set up with a view to obtain confrontations between the synthetic cultures. The workshop's aim is twofold. At a methodologicallevel, it is intended as a tool for laboratory research into multi-cultural issues in the introduction of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work technologies. As such the present proposal is only a frrst attempt, which will no doubt be improved with experience. For the participants, the aim is to convey an experience of culture shock which will make them more aware of the pervasive effects of differences in culture on cooperative design processes, and hence of their importance as an item on the research agenda for the International Oftice of the Future. The workshop has been held three times at the time of writing, and has proven to live up to its aims.

Modern energy is defined in this paper as energy carriers, such as LPG, electricity and natural gas, which are clean both in terms of handling and use. Modern energy can also include some types of biomass, such as biogas. 2 Improved energy technologies are defined in the context of this paper to mean technologies which have an improved energy conversion efficiency which should be accompanied by reduced pollution levels. The emphasis here is on cook stoves and lighting since these are the most wide spread technologies used in households, small enterprises and community services (such as schools and clinics). For stoves this paper has reviewed not only improved biomass stoves but also stoves using new energy sources such as solar energy.

In Africa, modern media presents a unique opportunity to bridge the gap between cultural heritage and economic growth. However, many cultural traditions risk erosion due to the pressures of globalization. Preserving and promoting African cultural values is crucial for empowering communities to explore entrepreneurial opportunities and drive economic development. This paper explored the nexus between modern media, African cultural values, and economic development in Africa and is underpinned by the Technological Determinism Theory of Mass Media. A systematic review was used to retrieve 22 open-access peer-reviewed articles from three databases (Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Science Direct). The paper reveals a significant relationship between modern media, African cultural values and development in Africa by highlighting growth-enhancing African cultural values and digital platforms for the preservation of African cultural heritage. The paper argues that integrating digital platforms with cultural heritage enables African communities to utilize media as a vehicle for sustainable development and cultural preservation within the broader context of globalization. The paper recommends local content creation, support for digital literacy initiatives, and the establishment of policies that protect and promote cultural heritage within a rapidly evolving digital landscape.

Background: Online distance learning (e-learning) is an established method for providing higher education on a global scale due to its potential to reduce inequalities particularly in the area of public health education. Simultaneously, multicultural education is a key component of health education and can be achieved by fostering cultural pluralism and mutual respect within the teaching and learning environment. Objective: Online learning in public health has the potential to bring together practitioners in various fields within a unified forum. Given that undergraduate and graduate education and student interest in the field of public health has grown worldwide over the past decade, exploring the unique features of distance learning becomes a priority area. Consequently, the need for cross-cultural collaborative learning has been on the rise. Methods: The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (...

La presente investigación consideró como objetivo analizar la existencia de relación entre la identidad cultural y la orientación individualista-colectivista en una muestra de 277 estudiantes universitarios matriculados en una universidad ubicada en el sur del Perú. Para la designación de los participantes se aplicó un muestreo probabilístico de tipo por conveniencia. El estudio se enmarca dentro del enfoque cuantitativo, con un propósito de tipo básico y un nivel relacional del conocimiento. El diseño metodológico corresponde a un enfoque no experimental, descriptivo-correlacional y de tipo transversal. Para la recolección de información se aplicó la técnica de encuesta, utilizando dos instrumentos: la Escala de Individualismo-Colectivismo desarrollada por Soler y Díaz (2017) y la Prueba de Identidad Cultural elaborada por Vicuña Peri (1987), ambos adaptados al contexto local. Los resultados muestran que un 39.35% de los participantes presenta un nivel bajo de identidad cultural, mientras que el 36.82% refleja un nivel alto de individualismo. Asimismo, se encontró una relación significativa entre las variables estudiadas, con un nivel de confianza del 95% y 5% margen de error.

People need real opportunities to live the kind of life to which they aspire - to undertake livelihood activities they have reason to value, to achieve good health and well being outcomes, and to have resilience to shocks and stresses. A range of stakeholders consider that economic development is constrained by lack of engagement between Aboriginal people and labor markets,

This paper examines cultural and leadership variables associated with corporate social responsibility values that managers apply to their decision-making. In this longitudinal study, we analyze data from 561 firms located in 15 countries on five continents to illustrate how the cultural dimensions of institutional collectivism and power distance predict social responsibility values on the part of top management team members. CEO visionary leadership and integrity were also uniquely predictive of such values.

Culture is believed to have a crucial influence on innovation and the innovativeness of organisations. In order to quantitatively measure this influence, the current project explores the relationships between the dimensions of Hofstede's (1980) cultural model and the innovativeness of business units located around the world in the oil and gas industry. Innovativeness is measured by: (i) the number of patent applications filed and (ii) the number of technologies generated during a three-year period by the business unit. An online survey undertaken in collaboration with the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), collected data from the research and development (R&D) centres of multinational oil and gas companies around the world. While previous studies in this area have focused on datasets from specific regions or countries, this investigation offers a snapshot that includes innovation-related activities from many countries and cultures around the world. This study also examines the influence of cultural distance between the country of the responding organisation's headquarters and the country of the responding business unit, and examines how this distance affects innovative output. The four original dimensions of Hofstede's model-power distance, individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance-are used in this investigation. The results indicate that power distance has a strong, positive influence on an organisation's innovativeness. When a company's headquarters or research centre is located in a country with a high power distance score, innovativeness notably increases. However, when the power distance score between the headquarters country and international research centre country increases, innovativeness decreases. In addition, the individualism scores of both the headquarters and local countries were positively related to the number of patents generated by overseas business units. In contrast, only the masculinity scores of the overseas R&D centre indicated a strong and positive influence on innovativeness. However, while masculinity distance was found to be highly correlated with patent outputs, it had almost no effect on the number of deployed technologies. Finally, the uncertainty avoidance scores of both the headquarters and overseas R&D centres were positively related to both measures of innovations; however, the uncertainty avoidance distance between the two countries was negatively related to the innovativeness of business units. Keywords .

This paper reviews twenty organizational culture questionnaires to identify the common cultural dimensions tapped and the level of psychometric support for these dimensions. Conceptual overlaps between questionnaires bring to the fore four core dimensions of organizational culture. Nevertheless, no instrument covers with precision and exhaustiveness these four conceptual domains. Moreover, psychometric support for most instruments is weak. Consequently, the paper describes a new culture measure (ECO) able to capture the commonality among cultural dimensions. The instrument was tested with a large sample of respondents working in a diversity of firms and industrial sectors. This new measure demonstrated improved psychometric properties as well as strong convergent-discriminant and consensual validity. Overall, results supported the view that generic cultural dimensions can be identified. The implications of these findings for culture research and measurement are discussed. Cette étude passe en revue une vingtaine de questionnaires de culture organisationnelle afin d'identifier

In response to this fact, many Western companies are now expanding and establishing subsidiaries in China and Russia. Adapting to local values is a consideration for foreign managers (and other employees) when entering foreign markets and cultures. An important aspect is how to motivate employees. Due to cultural differences, how to motivate employees varies widely from country to country. Hofstede analyzed a large database of employee value scores for more than 70 countries collected by IBM between1967 and 1973; Hofstede's work since 2001 has included scores for 74 countries and regions, replicating and this is an extension of the study. In addition, employees in China and Russia are examined from all angles based on Hofstede's dimensions. In each category of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation, it is shown how much Chinese and Russian employees scored on each dimension, and based on these values, employee culture, attitudes toward work, and motivation can be characterized. Using Hofstede's five dimensions, we would like to present an interesting study of employee motivation in Chinese and Russian organizations to understand the differences between these two countries and their employees.

The aim of this work is to characterize the process of constructing mathematical knowledge by higher education students in a distance learning course. This was done as part of an algebra course within engineering degrees in a Colombian university. The study used a Transformative Sequential Design in mixed methods research. The analysis also determined the kinds of mathematical knowledge attained by the students and its relationship to the Colombian social and cultural context. The students acquired declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge, while the learning strategies were often superficial. In a context where power is distant, students take on a passive approach to learning despite being highly respectful towards the educator. Thus, the educational system has the educator at the center.

A virtual Community of Practice (CoP) is a network of individuals who share a domain of interest about which they communicate online. The practitioners share resources (for example experiences, problems and solutions, tools, methodologies). Such communication results in the improvement of the knowledge of each participant in the community and contributes to the development of the knowledge within the domain. A virtual learning community may involve the conduct of original research but it is more likely that its main purpose is to increase the knowledge of participants, via formal education or professional development. Virtual learning communities could have learning as their main goal or the elearning could be generated as a side effect. Virtual communities of practice (CoPs) and virtual learning communities are becoming widespread within higher education institutions (HEIs) thanks to technological developments which enable increased communication, interactivity among participants and incorporation of collaborative pedagogical models, specifically through information communications technologies (ICTs) They afford the potential for the combination of synchronous and asynchronous communication, access to -and from-geographically isolated communities and international information sharing. Clearly there are benefits to be derived from sharing and learning within and outwith HEIs. There is a sense of connectedness, of shared passion and a deepening of knowledge to be derived from ongoing interaction. Knowledge development can be continuous, cyclical and fluid. However, barriers exist in virtual CoPs and these are defined by the authors and illustrated with quotes from academic staff who have been involved in CoPs. Critical success factors (CSFs) for a virtual CoP are discussed. These include usability of technology; trust in, and acceptance of, ICTs in communication; a sense of belonging among members; paying attention to cross-national and cross-cultural dimensions of the CoP; shared understandings; a common sense of purpose; use of netiquette and user-friendly language and longevity. The authors recognise the enormous potential for the development of CoPs through e-mail discussion lists and discussion boards but have themselves experienced the difficulties inherent in initiating such a community. These are corroborated and illustrated with text from interviews with academic staff. Much of the literature on CoPs emanates from outside Europe, despite the fact that e-learning articles have a large diffusion around Europe. The authors suggest further exploration of this topic by identifying and studying CoPs and virtual learning communities across EU countries.

The Variable Tasks of Film Theory "What is cinema?" Andre Bazin asked in ever-varying ways throughout his brief but concentrated career. It was a question he never expected to answer fully, a question demanding inquiry into technology, the arts, lit erature, and culture, demanding as well the close scrutiny of films from the full history of cinema across all its modes and genres. In Bazin s hands this question prompted what many consider to be the most brilliant, sub tle, and consequential body of writing the cinema engendered in its first century. It was a question that sustained and excited him right up to the moment of his death from leukemia in November 1958. He was forty years old. Just weeks after his death the December issue of Cahieis du Cinema (no. 91) carried the following appraisals side by side: "La 'Somme d'Andre Bazin" by Eric Rohmer and "A Work in Progress" by Georges Sadoul. Crystallized in these titles is the tension that has governed and confounded analysis of Bazin ever since. Rohmer's title invokes St. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica, suggesting a magisterial com mand of a diverse set of questions, organized hierarchically and an swered from first principles. Sadoul's, on the other hand, employing an English phrase Bazin himself liked to use, maintains that Bazin ought best be deemed a historian or critic who had little patience with overviews of cinema, but who sought and found value in particular oc casions, some of which permitted him to accumulate what he had learned about a phenomenon still in the throes of its early development. Rohmer appeals to the logical organization that Bazin imposed on the four volumes of Qu'est-ce que le cinemai (all but the first of which were published posthumously).' Volume 1 treats cinema's internal as pects-ontology and language in that order-that might be deemed es sential to its definition. Ontology addresses the kind of "being" a

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework of a situated culture approach to studying culture within the IS discipline.Design/methodology/approachThis is achieved via an articulation of structuration theory and the provision of an approach to study cross‐cultural phenomena within the IS discipline. The paper proposes two main components of a structuration theory based analysis model which is proposed as a way to study culture within IS discipline. First, the paper presents ideas behind the practice lens for studying the use of technology, as proposed by Orlikowski. Second, the paper presents a structurational analysis approach as detailed by Walsham. The paper argues that using a practice lens contributes to identifying the mediated shared structures between actors through understanding the actions of the actors within the phenomena. Then, using a structurational analysis approach contributes to identifying the cultural dimensions that are embedded in the identified...

In a globalized world, understanding cross-cultural values is not just important it is essential, particularly for language learners, educators, and international professionals. Cultural norms shape how people speak, behave, and understand each other in both subtle and explicit ways. Douglas A. Young’s personal essay “Over There, Back Again: Vietnam and America” offers a first-hand narrative of navigating cultural boundaries between Vietnam and the United States. As an American academic who lived and worked in Vietnam, Young reflects on the moments of surprise, misunderstanding, and eventual appreciation for Vietnamese culture through the lens of his own Western expectations.
The essay is rich in culture-bound themes those values and practices that are deeply embedded in one culture but may seem strange or even illogical in another. These include social hierarchies and respect, collectivism vs. individualism, indirect vs. direct communication, and the role of personal relationships in professional contexts. This assignment analyzes these core themes to draw broader connections with cultural theory and to explore how Vietnamese and American values differ and intersect. By doing so, it aims to illustrate how cultural knowledge enhances language learning and promotes more effective cross-cultural communication

It is increasingly evident that sexual harassment concerns in the workplace are not limited by national boundaries. Yet, sexual harassment as a research topic has been studied mostly in the United States. Further, even in the US, very few studies have explored sexual harassment from a cross-cultural perspective. The current paper examines this major gap in the literature and focuses on how cultural dimensions are important and can signi cantly in uence the likelihood to sexually harass in various countries. Speci cally, this paper develops a model using Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and conceptualizes these dimensions as key variables in explaining differences in the social-sexual interactions between various countries. It is suggested that varying differences in these dimensions across countries may predict the likelihood of managers sexually harassing in an international and a cross-cultural context.

ste escrito es un avance (fase final) del trabajo de grado titulado "Causas que inciden en los periodos de no participación en estudiantes de grado séptimo en torno al aprendizaje del concepto de función". Bajo la estrategia metodológica de estudio de caso intrínseco colectivo , pretendemos indagar sobre las causas que, desde una perspectiva sociocultural de la Educación Matemática, llevan a un grupo de estudiantes de grado séptimo a un periodo de no participación en relación con el aprendizaje de la noción de función. En la primera parte, presentamos de manera sucinta los supuestos teóricos desde los cuales fundamentamos nuestro estudio. Luego, exponemos una parte del análisis de algunos episodios de clase transcritos de los videos, y en la parte final, a manera de conclusión preliminar de nuestro estudio, presentamos una reflexión en términos de la importancia y reconocimiento de los aspectos socioculturales en el aula de matemáticas.

In Ethiopia, E-banking technologies were introduced almost before two decades for the main purposes of reaching new customers and enhance deposit mobilization. Though banks are investing huge amount of money for technological and service enhancements, customers did not yet adopt these technologies to the required level. Despite number of researches conducted on E-banking channels, no study has been undertaken to comprehensively analyze determinant factors of customers’ E-banking adoption in Ethiopia. Hence, after an extensive review of literature, this research has developed and tested a model based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2). The research model has been built to explain how UTAUT2 constructs influence behavioral intention and the actual use behavior of E-banking adoption from the point of customers’ perspective. A cross-sectional survey research has been conducted to collect data from 321 respondents of four different banks across the country...

La psicología social aborda el fenómeno religioso desde una perspectiva diferente a la psicología de la religión. En este artículo se presentan los principales esquemas de análisis del fenómeno y se desarrolla la línea psicosocial, la cual permite un acercamiento más completo a él. De igual manera, se reconoce el miedo a la diversidad religiosa como uno de los fundamentos del conflicto interreligioso, de la violencia y del fanatismo; la propuesta de análisis considera a la perspectiva de la convivencia eje articulador de nuevas formas de relación social.

Objective. The objective of the study is to test the Ambivalence toward Men Inventory (AMI) that is developed for the purpose of estimating the ambivalence of women towards men on the basis of Ambivalent Sexism.Method. The sample consists of 421 university students. A survey questionnaire was used in the research in order to determine the socio-demographic properties of the participants, and AMI was used in order to measure their social sexism tendencies.Findings. The general average of AMI is 4,22; and it was seen that men and women have ambivalence above the average towards each other. By gender, there is a significant difference between hostile attitudes towards men (HM) (t(421)=-15,33 p<0,05), and benevolent attitudes towards men (BM) (t(421)=-5,18 p<0,05). Sub-factor correlations showed that there is a significant relationship between HM and BM. In contrast with women, encountering a significant relationship between only maternity and compensatory gender differentiation i...

The study investigated how Private Secondary Schools (PSSs) in Tanzania mainland are financed. The aim was to identify sources of funds for these schools. It also examined how each source contributes to school budget and assessed the adequacy of funding in meeting of the PSSs needs in terms of school infrastructure, human resource funding and teaching-learning materials. Finally, the study assessed the opinions of heads of schools and managers on the challenges they face in meeting the schools' running costs. The findings of the study indicated that the major source of financing PSSs was Parents (School fees). Other financial sources albeit inadequate included donations, income generation projects and fund raising. The findings show that girl' schools spent more than boys and mixed (boys and girls) schools. They also revealed that the high Teachers' Knowledge Stock Index (TKSI) was related to high quality teachers which also reflected high unit costs. The researcher also observed that variations in the quality of infrastructure, equipment, human resource and T-L materials reflected the variations in the schools' unit costs. The researcher recommends that the government should set PSSs fees by factoring in the rising costs of goods and services fuelled by inflation. It should also consider giving support to PSSs under the envisaged Public Private Partnership. PSSs should establish income generating projects to augment the major source of funds (school fees). The study recommends a similar study using a larger sample to obtain results that will give the national insight on how better PSSs can be financed.