Cooperatives (Development Studies)

This study delves into the liminal state of cooperative organization. As a category from processual anthropology, liminality is used to analyze the identity phenomena in the field of organizational studies. This review has been guided by the purpose of providing a global overview of the literature concerning cooperative identity from the  approach  of  organizational identity in the liminal state  and its phases.  The review is conducted in two major stages: heuristic and hermeneutic, which are divided into fivemoments of Denyer & Tranfield's protocol. For data collection and  analysis,this work is supported  by the  use  of tools such  as PRISMA statement,  Mendeley, ATLAS.ti,and VOSviewer. After analyzing the literature, four broad groups of results emerge: 1) Ascoping review presentingthe theories, methods, geographies and problems most addressed in the literature, which suggest that cooperative  identity  is  a  device  for  preserving  the  sector,  for  governance  and  social  transformation;  up  to  its legalistic and functionalist role for efficiency. 2) The common categories between liminal identity and cooperative identity, based on the three phases of the liminal state: separation, transition,and aggregation. 3) The gap in the literature  and  its  relationship  with  the  interdisciplinary  dimension  of  identity:  philosophy,  psychology,  sociology, management, and anthropology. 4) A consolidation of the future research agenda, highlighting cooperative identity in  relation  to  contemporary  technological  and  social  revolutions,  the  global  agenda,  among  others.  Finally,  the findings support the premise of the liminal phenomenon in cooperatives and how that has experienced an entropic and liminal state characterized by discrepancies, ambiguity,and indeterminacy inherent in the paradox of the dual nature of cooperative organizations and the current macrostructural context. The reviewed literature revealed that other authors have been interested in studying phenomena implicitly related toone phase of liminality, that is,the process of transition between old and new cooperative identity. Then, some claims for new cooperative identities have shiftedthe financial–social balance.

Cet ouvrage5 est une contribution à la connaissance de la culture et du patrimoine des nomades du Maroc Oriental6. Les nomades de l’Oriental font partie d’un univers de pasteurs qui ont essaimé dans divers régions du monde. Mais ils sont particulièrement plus proches des nomades du Sahara du Sud du Maroc et des Baydanes de la Mauritanie dont ils partagent de nombreux traits culturels que Feu P. Bonte a nommé ‘’culture de la Bâdiya’’ traduisant les valeurs attachées à l’élevage et au nomadisme.

DAS MOVIMENTAÇÕES ECONÔMICO-FINANCEIRAS 5. Do ato cooperativo a) INGRESSOS (Receitas por Conta de Cooperados) representam todas as operações de resultados, realizadas pelas Cooperativas em nome dos associados e determinados no objeto social estatutário, pela disponibilização dos serviços dos associados ou negócios complementares aos mesmos serviços, de forma a possibilitar a realização da finalidade da sociedade cooperativa, observando-se o Princípio da Competência, conforme disposto na Resolução CFC nº 750, seção VI, de 29 de dezembro de 1993. b) DISPÊNDIOS (Despesas por Conta de Cooperados) representam todas as operações de resultados, realizadas pelas cooperativas com os associados e em nome deles nos negócios complementares aos seus serviços, de forma a possibilitar a realização da finalidade da sociedade cooperativa, determinada no objeto social estatutário, observando-se o Princípio da Competência, conforme disposto na Resolução CFC nº 750, seção VI, de 29 de dezembro de 1993. () 2 Art. 6º A administração e fiscalização da contribuição social de que trata esta lei compete à Secretaria da Receita Federal. Parágrafo único. Aplicam-se à contribuição social, no que couber, as disposições da legislação do imposto de renda referente à administração, ao lançamento, à consulta, à cobrança, às penalidades, às garantias e ao processo administrativo. 3 Art. 39. As sociedades cooperativas que obedecerem ao disposto na legislação específica, relativamente aos atos cooperativos, ficam isentas da Contribuição Social sobre o Lucro Líquido -CSLL.

At the beginning of this century, International Development Cooperation (IDC) beganto occupy a central position in Brazil’s international status. Political and social transformationscreated conditions for Brazil to begin acting as a relevant protagonist in international projects, es-pecially in developing nations, through South-South Cooperation (SSC). However, a succession ofcrises after 2011 and the emergence of ideas opposed to cooperation during the Bolsonaro admin-istration (2019-2022) altered the conditions that sustained IDC as part of Brazilian foreign policy.In this article, we will identify the political and economic conditions that ensured (1) the structur-ing and (2) the growth of Brazilian cooperation up until 2011, and we will argue that the loss ofthese conditions resulted in IDC’s (3) decline, leading to (4) its agony beginning in 2019. Finally,we will evaluate several consequences of the cooperation crisis based on an evaluation of Brazilianforeign policy in the global health agenda, and its commercial relationship with African nations.Keywords: international cooperation; development; South-South cooperation; foreign policy;crises; Brazil.

This study explore the economics of Kola-nut marketing in Onitsha South Local Government Area, Anambra State. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 100 kola-nut marketers. The study employed various analytical techniques, including descriptive statistics, and budgetary analysis. The study analyzed the socioeconomic characteristics, marketing channels and costs and returns, in kola-nut marketing. The research revealed that the majority of Kola-nut marketers are female (85%), with a mean age of 38 years and a high level of education (39% tertiary). The primary marketing channels included retail (50%) and wholesale (30%), with varying amounts sold and diverse transportation methods. Financially, the marketers face high costs and moderate returns, with significant constraints related to transportation costs, market organization, and price instability. The study recommended that the cooperative societies or market organizers should set a price policy to avoid price instability and in fluctuations.

Contemporary environmental law, founded on the paradigm of state sovereignty, faces a crisis of foundation in the face of the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure, whose material impacts transcend territorial boundaries. This research addresses the central dysfunction between the territorial logic of law and the deterritorialized nature of water risk generated by data centers, a mismatch that erodes the normative promise of an ecologically balanced environment. The objective of this article is, therefore, to analyze how this crisis demands a transition from the paradigm of state sovereignty to supranational constitutionalism. The relevance of the study lies in its ability to fill a gap in the Subscribe to DeepL Pro to translate larger documents. Visit www.DeepL.com/pro for more information. legal literature, which has not yet systematically investigated the water footprint of AI as a global governance issue. The deductive method is adopted, with a qualitative approach and a critical-hermeneutic design, employing documentary and bibliographic analysis as a procedure. The analysis is based on the articulation between the theory of risk society, to diagnose the nature of the problem, and constitutionalism, to outline the normative response. The results indicate that the expansion of AI constitutes a "risk of modernization" that renders the sovereign model obsolete, operating as a form of "digital water extractivism" that deepens environmental injustice. It is concluded that the failure of the sovereign paradigm requires the construction of a supranational sphere of guarantee for the protection of water as a common good of humanity.

Does globalisation entail a demand for uniformity, or diversity, of the (political) economic institutions of nation-states? What is the theoretical underpinning of the demand? And what are the implications of the demand for economic development? The conventional literature known as comparative economic systems has been unable to answer these question, because there is an intrinsic tension between its methodology (the neoclassical framework of individualistic rational choices and their equilibrium) and the subject matter (the multiplicity of economic institutions and development experiences in the real world). The new comparative economics has consisted of a variety of attempts to cope with this tension: some aimed at preserving the neoclassical framework at a more fundamental level, while some others aimed at transcending the framework to arrive at a new theory of economic systems and development. This paper argues that attempts that adhere to the neoclassical tradition is likely to lead to dead ends, while attempts that encompass collective as well as individualistic rationality represent more promising directions. Fuller developments of the literature, however, require incorporating objectified institutions and paradigmised technology into its sphere of inquiry. It is submitted that there are important lessons to learn from classical political economy and their modern presentations, particularly Marxian theories of the social forces of production, in this regard.

This chapter investigates "data-opolies" within Web3 and Artificial Intelligence (AI), highlighting their implications for democracy and their impact on business and society. Data-opolies are defined as dominant entities, usually large tech corporations, that control vast amounts of data, affecting market competition and transparency. The chapter discusses how the monopolization of data by these entities creates power imbalances, challenging democratic values. It explores how AI, when controlled by data-opolies, amplifies their influence, raising concerns about privacy, ethical AI use, and equitable access to technology. The concentration of data and AI capabilities in the hands of a few exacerbates socioeconomic divides and threatens democracy by potentially manipulating public opinion and information flow. The chapter examines Web3 innovations as a decentralized, transparent, and user-empowering alternative to traditional data control models. These technologies are presented as tools for democratizing data ownership, enhancing individual autonomy, and fostering an inclusive digital economy. However, the chapter also questions these assumptions, especially in the context of crypto-libertarian maneuvers around the "Network State" paradigm. In conclusion, the chapter emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to leveraging AI and Web3 to mitigate democracy's erosion by data-opolies. It calls for collaborative efforts and a multistakeholder approach to developing regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines that align with democratic values, ensuring the responsible use of AI and data in society.

The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between career stage and organizational commitment and to determine the effects of career stage on organizational commitment. Organizational commitment was measured using the 24-item scale developed by Allen and Meyer. This scale measures affective, continuance, and normative organizational commitment. Career stage was operationalized on the basis of three criteria: age, organizational tenure, and positional tenure. In this study, it appears that neither organizational tenure nor positional tenure significantly affected any of the components of organizational commitment among the Malaysian managers. Only age was found to have a significant effect on these managers, and it is limited to the affective component of organizational commitment.

The society has created a widening transgenerational disparity in the socio-economic development of the genders in many developing countries including Nigeria. The relevance of cooperatives in bridging this wide difference in mainstreaming gender in economic and social activities as a model for other groups, businesses and organisations have been scarcely explored. The thrust of the study therefore, was to examine the effect of social and economic activities of cooperative Societies on women empowerment. The study adopted a cross sectional survey, a non-experimental, descriptive research method generating primary data from 118 cooperative members from Anambra state. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and mean scores were used to present data obtained in order to achieve the study objectives. In order to test hypotheses and/or to ascertain the effect of social and economic activities of women cooperatives on empowerment two regression models was estimated. The find...

In the context of financial crises influenced by the development and burst of housing price bubbles, the detection of exuberant behaviors in the financial market and the implementation of early warning diagnosis tests are of vital importance. This paper applies the bubble-detection methodology developed by Phillips, Shi and Yu (2012) to the most important Colombian residential 1 The findings, recommendations, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Banco de la República or its Board of Directors.

The study examined the effect of Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) on cassava production among cooperative
farmers in Ekiti State. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the effect of growth enhancement support schemes on
cooperative farmers' productivity of cassava in Ekiti state, as well as to determine the effect of growth enhancement support schemes
influence cooperative farmers' revenue in Ekiti state. A survey method was used for this study, through the use of structured
questionnaires. Data were obtained from 240 farmers who are members of cooperative societies that have experienced the GESS
support services and was analyzed with ANOVA regression analysis. The results revealed that farmers who participated earned
more income after they had accessed GESS facilitation; evidence of significant difference in cooperative farmers' productivity before
and after they got GESS support services during the farming season was found. There is a significant difference in the amount of
income earned from cassava production during the farming season before and after the farmers benefited from GESS Support
Services received on the farm earned. The study recommended that women should be encouraged to take part in the GESS
programme.

Abstract
Rice production  is a critical role in household food security and economic development in Burundi, particularly in the province of Ngozi . This study examines the contribution of rice cooperatives to the development of the rice value chain in this region, focusing on cooperatives supported by the PRODEFI program (2011–2016). Through surveys and interviews with 96 rice producers, 62 rice traders, and 14 rice private  millers across five communes, the study assesses cooperative performance in production, transformation, and commercialization.

Findings reveal that although cooperatives provide access to irrigated land, storage, and agricultural inputs, major challenges persist. These include limited access to quality seeds and financial services, poor governance structures, weak inter-actor coordination, and competition from imported rice. The rice value chain in Ngozi remains underdeveloped, with informal and fragmented systems dominating post-harvest handling, processing, and market linkages.

The study highlights the need to strengthen cooperative governance, professionalize value chain actors, and invest in modern infrastructure to enhance the quality and competitiveness of local rice. Promoting contractual relationships and integrated support services is essential to ensure sustainable, inclusive, and market-oriented rice value chains in Burundi.

Keywords: Rice cooperatives, value chain development, rural livelihoods, Burundi, Ngozi province

The Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation (GPEDC) is based on principles and differential commitments to achieve the goals of ownership; focus on results; inclusive d e v e l o p m e n t p a r t n e r s h i p ; a n d transparency and accountability. GPEDC aims to ensure the implementation of commitments at political level and offer a platform that embraces diversity, providing exchange of knowledge and the regular review of progress. GPEDC transfigures the aid effectiveness agenda towards a development effectiveness agenda that is more inclusive with emphasis on strong partnerships inform of presence of “new actors” in development cooperation. It places renewed support to national policies and working through national systems and institutions since implementation will be done at country level. The purpose of the global monitoring framework is to support international accountability for “making progress in the implementation of commitments and actions agreed in Bus...

This paper is an attempt to examine the facts determining the "Women"s empowerment and their role in development". It has been observed that women"s role in development is very crucial and it is more effective if she is empowered. A small scale study has been conducted to determine the role of education and other government/non government programmes for rural women"s empowerment and its impact on development. The analysis of this study indicates that the active participation in development is of those women who are empowered rather being educated or not. No doubt education plays an important role in women"s empowerment but rural women in hilly state needs opportunity and freedom to participate in any educational or developmental programmes for their empowerment. Thus education, empowerment and development are interlinked especially for rural women of hilly areas.

Successful small agro-enterprises (SAEs) play a vital role in the economy of an agrarian country like Bhutan. Although entrepreneurial factors, amongst others, affect the success of SAEs, there is a dearth of empirical studies on this topic in Bhutan. Such studies will help entrepreneurs and agribusiness promoters understand entrepreneurial factors affecting the success of SAEs. Therefore, we studied the relationship between entrepreneurial factors and the success of SAEs in Bhutan. Using multistage quota sampling, we selected four districts (1), eight sub-districts (2), 32 chiwogs (3), and 320 entrepreneurs of SAEs (4) for the study. We interviewed 320 entrepreneurs using structured questionnaire and analyzed data using IBM SPSS version 23. We found a significant and positive relationship between the success of SAEs and entrepreneurs' motivation (r = .44, P = .000) and personal entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) (r = .39, P = .000). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between entrepreneurs' age and success of SAEs (r = .02, P = .707). Overall, entrepreneurs' motivation and PECs contributed 20.7% to the success of SAEs in Bhutan. We recommend relevant authorities to continue supporting entrepreneurship education and training programs to motivate and build entrepreneurial competencies.

The balance score card (BSC) is a management system that maps an organization's strategic objectives into performance with four perspectives such as financial, internal business perspectives, customers, and learning and growth which provide relevant feedback as to how well the strategic plan is executing so that adjustment can be made if necessary. The score card itself is essentially a performance measurement frame work with two key objectives; converting strategy into specific goals for different sections of the organization, and communicating that strategy to all parts of the organization. Hence the associations between four perspectives in balance score card and performance should be examined. Various studies have been done on the above theme, but no enough studies have been conducted in Sri Lankan context, especially in banking sector. Thus the present study is initiated on "Balance score Card and business performance as a comparative study of state and private sector banking Organizations in Srilanka "with a samples of 143 respondents in 16 banking organizations in eastern provinces. The results from the operational hypotheses indicates that total perspectives (CP, IBP, LGP, and FP) have a significant relationship with business performance which means, as the total perspectives increase business performance increases in state banks and private banks. Whereas learning growth perspectives and customer perspectives significantly contributes to total perspectives in both banks are important contributors to positive Business performance, specially learning growth perspectives are significantly impact on state banks. But the private banks customer perspective is mostly impact on business performance.

Este artigo teve como objetivo verificar a relação da Responsabilidade Social com o processo estratégico da gestão nas universidades e no desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas. Os procedimentos metodológicos que serviram de base e nortearam o desenvolvimento do estudo foram sustentados por uma pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica, que se utilizou de levantamentos em fontes secundárias como técnica de estudo. Foi possível verificar que, o contexto que envolve as universidades determina a necessidade de considerar a participação efetiva dos stakeholders no processo de gestão, pois sua responsabilidade diante da sociedade do conhecimento está principalmente relacionada com a disseminação deste conhecimento e da formação humana, visando o desenvolvimento da sociedade e o bem comum. Neste sentido, a universidade, ao estabelecer o contato com diversos atores sociais, estará cada vez mais comprometida com a gestão do conhecimento, sua produção, sistematização e disseminação, o que também contribuirá para o desenvolvimento de capacidades dinâmicas, tanto na formação de seus acadêmicos, quanto junto aos funcionários e docentes.

Una cooperativa, en términos generales, es una organización de personas que se asocian voluntariamente para alcanzar objetivos comunes mediante la colaboración y el trabajo en conjunto. Estas organizaciones pueden variar en tamaño, desde pequeñas empresas hasta grandes comunidades. Se cimentan en principios de gobernanza democráticos, donde cada miembro tiene un voto en las decisiones que afectan a la organización. Esta definición, aunque amplia, refleja un concepto ideal de la cooperativa como mecanismo para construir una economía basada en la solidaridad y el apoyo mutuo. El grado de cooperativismo puede variar significativamente entre las organizaciones cooperativas. La aplicación de los valores cooperativos-como igualdad, equidad o solidaridad-depende en gran medida del compromiso de los propios cooperativistas. Así, aunque las cooperativas aspiren a estar basadas en estos principios, el nivel de aplicación puede ser muy diferente. Resulta entonces fundamental distinguir entre una cooperativa en sentido amplio y una sociedad cooperativa. La cooperativa, en el contexto general, se refiere a cualquier asociación de individuos que colabora para alcanzar objetivos económicos y/o políticos comunes. En cambio, la sociedad cooperativa es una entidad jurídica específica dentro de la legislación del derecho societario. Esta se ajusta a normativas jurídicas que regulan su funcionamiento y su relación con el mercado y el Estado, y está orientada a actividades económicas específicas dentro de un marco reglamentario definido por las leyes comerciales y civiles. Más importante aún, no todas las cooperativas aplican un régimen de propiedad cooperativa. Este régimen se caracteriza por la gestión colectiva de los recursos y medios de producción, buscando la solidaridad y la participación equitativa, en contraste con la propiedad absoluta, orientada hacia la acumulación y control concentrado. El impacto del mercado y del Estado es determinante en cómo las cooperativas operan y mantienen sus principios. Estas enfrentan presiones para ajustarse a modelos económicos orientados a la maximización de beneficios y la competencia. A su vez, el Estado puede imponer regulaciones que integren a las cooperativas dentro del marco de la propiedad privada o pública, limitando su potencial transformador en base a un economicismo sesgado. Desde una perspectiva foucaultiana, la normalización por parte del Estado no solo tipifica, sino que también disciplina, circunscribe y restringe los posibles caminos ético-políticos de las organizaciones sociales. Esto puede llevar a la absorción de las cooperativas en el sistema capitalista dominante, convirtiéndolas en "instituciones parche" destinadas a los estratos marginados de la sociedad que no pueden encajar en la economía capitalista. En nuestra realidad local, vemos cómo los gobiernos a menudo apoyan a las cooperativas en tiempos de crisis, solo para intentar reintegrar a los trabajadores al sistema de empleo tradicional una vez resueltas las dificultas. O sea, una solución temporal en lugar de una alternativa económica sostenible y autónoma. Se vislumbra como el régimen de propiedad cooperativa desafía tanto al capitalismo como al estatismo, al descentralizar el poder económico y fomentar una economía más inclusiva y participativa. Las cooperativas representan una forma genuina de democracia económica y autogestión, pero en esta situación de disidencia, enfrentan a los frenos que la institucionalidad pública y privada pueden someterla. Para que las cooperativas cumplan su potencial, es necesario un marco que apoye su autonomía y capacidad para operar de acuerdo con su plexo axiológico. Esto puede requerir un cambio estructural en la forma en que el Estado y el mercado reconocen y regulan la propiedad y el ejercicio de la soberanía.

Dar conta das tarefas que a vida nos impõe, mesmo quando por escolha própria, algumas vezes é algo penoso. O encantamento pela carreira acadêmica, docente e de pesquisa, me motivou para o doutorado. O encantamento para a continuidade da vida, me fez ser mãe e constituir família. Fazer doutorado, ser professora, mãe, mulher,... Exigiu disciplina, dedicação, amor ao ato de pesquisar, de escrever, de produzir. E, sem dúvida, envolveu muito stress. Impossível foi, de vez em quando, não deixar de "viver a vida". Foi, de fato, um grande esforço e a muitos devo agradecer a oportunidade de aprendizado, no sentido mais amplo possível, que este trajeto me proporcionou. Como seria difícil transformar em palavras a participação de todos, concentro-me nos que estiveram mais perto: A Nilson do Rosário Costa, agradeço a disponibilidade; o acompanhamento pessoal de parte das entrevistas e a orientação precisa, que valorizou os resultados da pesquisa; A Mônica Reis, que tantas vezes facilitou o meu trabalho; A Humberto Banal, por ter possibilitado o acesso aos entrevistados, fornecido documentos e pela disponibilidade durante toda pesquisa; A Alcina, pela amizade, apoio e sensibilidade, adivinhando os momentos de maior aflição e fazendo-me acreditar que o trabalho chegaria ao fim; Aos professores Miguel, Miriam, Maria e Carlos, companheiros de equipe, pelo apoio nos momentos mais definitivos da pesquisa quando, sem protestar, supriram minha ausência; A Miguel, expresso meu amor... divido minha vitória;

A short submission arguing the need to look at how schools should be internally accountable to their community of staff and children, before we explore the relationship between schools and local adult communities of parents and other interested people. It urges the reference, and building upon, the history of schools before the Black Reports. The history of the schools of suffragettes and suffragists and cooperatives, like Alexander Bloom.

There is a paramount importance of SME entrepreneurs in a developing economy like Bangladesh. It is often perceived as the prime component of Bangladesh economy. These sector produces and distributes products and services to hundred sixty million people of Bangladesh. Therefore, the success of this sector determines economic status of the economy of Bangladesh which is dependent on a number of factors. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors that are the instrumental to the success of the SMEs in Bangladesh. By reviewing an extensive literature, the study identified a number of factors that are the determinants of the success of the SMEs. One hundred and thirty two data have been collected from the different types of SME entrepreneurs involved in small manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and the like. The factors were reduced to eight factors by using a multivariate statistical technique like Factor Analysis. Multiple Regressions have been performed to identify the significant factors from the factors identified by Factor Analysis. Results show that the success of the SMEs is determined by the entrepreneur’s authority on business and the market strategy followed, nature and type of business and financial supports, management know-how, use of modern technology, market accessibility and the networking, government policy and support, favorable external environment, and the owner’s personal qualities. This study suggests that the SMEs entrepreneurs must have the command over their businesses and must follow proper marketing strategies for the success of their businesses.

Women's economic empowerment largely depends on entrepreneurship as a primary agent in developing regions worldwide. This research investigates the differences between women's economic empowerment through entrepreneurship between Kamrup's rural and urban spaces in Assam. A quantitative research design enabled the collection of data through structured questionnaire surveys among women entrepreneurs within each setting. The research reveals that women entrepreneurs experience varying levels of financial opportunity together with business possibilities as well as sociocultural obstacles based on their rural or urban locations. The research shows that women entrepreneurs based in urban areas obtain greater financial institution access as well as public schemes and digital commercial marketplaces than women in rural areas who depend mainly on Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and microfinance institutions. The combination of social challenges and inadequate infrastructure indicates that enterprise development faces more obstacles in rural parts compared to urban centers. The growth of entrepreneurship has produced better financial outcomes while giving women enhanced power in making decisions and better social positioning in both regions despite existing difficulties. This research emphasizes the requirement of financial inclusion policies coupled with skill development programs as well as market accessibility initiatives to close the urban-rural difference in women entrepreneurship. Enhanced cooperation between public authorities and private businesses will improve women's entrepreneurial engagement which produces long-term economic growth for Assam.

ción y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (Ciinda), finalizó el pasado mes de marzo una investigación sobre el sistema de gestión de las asociaciones formales e informales rurales del municipio de Tabio, Cundinamarca. El problema central de la investigación radicó en caracterizar las formas asociativas de pequeños productores en los ámbitos de la producción, la transformación y los servicios en los subsectores del sistema agroalimentario en Tabio. Para este artículo mostraremos el caso particular de las asociaciones informales Jóvenes Líderes Empresarios, Colactabio y Acueducto El Hornillo. En la realización de la investigación se empleó el modelo investigación acción participativa (iap) con talleres participativos para establecer la matriz de debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas (dofa), visitas veredales y modelo de encuesta sobre variables de gestión.

En este estudio se evalúa la productividad total de los factores comparada de las empresas de la economía social con respecto a las empresas con fines de lucro tradicionales sobre la base de datos del Servicio de Impuestos Internos de Chile para el total de la economía nacional en el período 2005-2020. Mediante estimaciones de funciones de producción Cobb-Douglas y translogarítmicas, y teniendo en cuenta la existencia de diferentes tecnologías de producción para los distintos tipos de empresas, las conclusiones señalan que las empresas cooperativas tienen menores niveles de productividad, las empresas sin fines de lucro tienen un nivel de productividad similar al de ellas, y las empresas B tienen un nivel de productividad mayor en comparación con las empresas tradicionales. Los resultados son consistentes al controlar por territorio y sector de actividad económica, y señalan la importancia de considerar funciones de producción con tecnologías variables para realizar la comparación, así como la consideración de efectos fijos para la evaluación de la productividad de las certificaciones como es el caso de las empresas B.

This article explores concerns of an officer with the Highlands Farmers and Settlers Association Incorporated in Papua New Guinea in regard to inadequate government input to commercial production and marketing of agricultural products. The paper presents a history of the success of cooperative societies in colonial times, the repeal of the Cooperatives Act at the time of self government because it was seen to be 'too colonial', the collapse alternative initiatives over the next two decades, leading to the re-introduction and the establishment of a Cooperative Societies Unit within the Department of Commerce and Industry in 2003.

Las cooperativas tienen una historia de más de un siglo y medio en América Latina. En el análisis deocho países de la región, el registro más antiguo de sociedades cooperativas corresponde a la Sociedadde Sastres y la Sociedad de Zapateros, ambos establecidos en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile en 1863.La aparición de las cooperativas en América Latina sucede, por ende, solo algunas décadas después delinicio de las diversas experiencias mutuales y cooperativas en Francia, Inglaterra, Alemania y otrospaíses europeos. Estas primeras experiencias, tanto europeas como latinoamericanas, provienenprincipalmente de las ideas desarrolladas durante la primera mitad del siglo XX por pensadores yreformadores sociales que reivindicaban la idea de igualdad, cooperación y ayuda mutua, siendoespecialmente relevante para la constitución de las experiencias latinoamericanas las propuestaselaboradas y difundidas por el socialista francés Charles Fourier.

This aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of agra bankye for pasta production. The main objective was to determine the formulation ratio and physicochemical properties of agra bankye pasta. Design/Methodology/Approach: Through experimental research design, agra bankye flour was produced using oven-drying. The product was peeled, grated, arranged onto baking sheets and dried at a temperature of 80⁰С for 2 hours, then milled to produce the flour. The pasta dough was prepared using a series of experiments to develop a standard recipe using a combination of cassava flour, salt, water, and egg. Findings: Eleven proximate and mineral components in agra bankye pasta were fat, protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate, starch, energy, calcium, iron, manganese, moisture and ash, affirming the product as healthy for human consumption. Agra bankye flour has more starch and less fibre, making it stable for pasta production. Research Limitation: Only the pasta's physicochemical properties were assessed so that the results could be used to convince consumers of the healthy intake of agra bankye pasta. Practical Implication: Agra bankye pasta is very nutritious, especially because, it has high calcium and less crude fibre. The high starch granules in agra bankye flour enable the product to be stretchy, unlike other cassava, while less moisture influences the shelf life. Since it is highly nutritious, more usage of agra bankye pasta for food production with diverse nutritional fortification should be encouraged and marketed. Social Implication: This study had immense academic benefits, bridging the knowledge gap regarding the available literature needed to support the use of agra bankye for pasta production. The study also created awareness of the different cassava varieties and the type(s) suitable for pasta production. Originality/Value: This has brought to the fore an innovation where a recipe is available for pasta production using cassava flour and not blending it with other cereals.

Cooperative societies implement diversified marketing cooperative strategies (MCS), and it is believed that practicing entrepreneurial orientation (EO) plays a wide-ranging role in the success of cooperative firms' endeavors. From this perspective, the study intended to analyze the effects of MCS on the EO of agricultural marketing cooperative (AMC) unions in Western Oromia. To achieve the study objective, the data were collected from sample AMC unions by using semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and discussion. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive data analysis methods, mainly the relative importance index (RII) to rank the MCS implemented and EO practiced by the AMC unions of the study and ordinal logistic regression (OLR) to explain and explore the effect of predictor variables on the response variable of the study. The descriptive results of the study reveal that transaction cost reduction and diversification market strategies are the top two ranked marketing strategies implemented by AMC unions in Western Oromia. It is also found that autonomy, managerial entrepreneurial competence, and risk-taking are the top three EO dimensions practiced by the AMC unions. From OLR analysis, the Nagelkerke pseudo-R-square result (0.804) indicated that 80.4% of the EO practiced by the AMC of the case is explained by the predictor variable used in the study. The parameter estimates from OLR analysis reveal that all the explanatory variables included in the model have a statistically significant effect on the EO of the AMC union. Regarding this, there is no evidence to support rejecting the hypothesized association of marketing cooperative strategy dimensions with EO. Hence, the study concluded that marketing strategies implemented have significant and positive effects on the entrepreneurial orientation of AMC unions.

This study is based on empirical information to understand the importance of firms listing in the stock market. It analysed the impact on performance for the listed firms at Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange. Methodology: The mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design and a sample size of 19 listed firms, the data between 1998 and 2019 were used. Matched pairs approach, random effect model and thematic analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Findings: The study found the firm performance has trajectory increased after listing as noted for both mean and median were change in Return on Equity being 13.09% and 13.37% respectively. The baseline model and robustness check done sector-wise revealed that listing had a statistically positive impact on firm performance. Research Implications: The study focused on the impact on performance for the listed firms at Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange. It proved that listed firms' performance improved compared to before listing. Practical Implication: The study informed firms to go public since it will help them to shift the risk to other shareholders and acquire capital to finance their subsequent growth. Social Implication: The Policymakers are informed to continue investing more resources in the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange as they impact positively on firm performance. Originality: The study provided evidence that listed firms have improved performance. This study is quite different from previous scholars' debate and Agency theory arguments highlighted poor performance once the firm list at the stock market.

A fastidiosa e inexorável corrida para “edificar” as assim denominadas normas internacionais de contabilidade tem contagiado boa parte dos países do mundo inteiro, inclusive países do antigo regime comunista, e até mesmo a China.
Juntamente com a corrida “globalizante” da economia, que se deu por razões “naturais” (ou tecnológicas), ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, surgiu também, mais recentemente, o frenezi da normatização (ou homogeneização, ou padronização, ou harmonização, como queiram) dos procedimentos contábeis, como prioridade inadiável, levando-se a efeito os pactos ou acordos “políticos” celebrados entre as várias nações (NAFTA, AFTA, MERCOSUL, etc). Inúmeros organismos internacionais contábeis (FASB, CICA, IASC, etc) têm se dedicado estressantemente ao assunto.

The Amul cooperative model offers a unique framework for sustainable business practices, emphasizing collective ownership, reinvestment, and stakeholder welfare. This case study examines how Amul, a ₹80,000 crore dairy giant, achieved economic and social transformation by prioritizing the interests of 3.6 million farmer-owners over external shareholders. By rejecting an IPO, Amul preserved its mission to reinvest profits into rural infrastructure, advanced technology, and fair pricing for farmers, ensuring long-term impact.

This model is further analyzed in the context of the talent economy, where similar principles—such as people-centric ownership, reinvestment in skill development, and sustainable growth—can empower global workforces. By drawing parallels with international cooperatives like Mondragon and Dairy Farmers of America, this study highlights the viability of collective ownership across industries.

Amul’s success demonstrates that organizations can achieve scale, resilience, and inclusivity by prioritizing community welfare over shareholder returns. This paper advocates for the adoption of cooperative principles as a transformative strategy for global economic and workforce development.

ABSTRACT : The rapid expansion of smart cities underscores the indispensable role of big data, secure
infrastructure, and robust data security mechanisms in urban ecosystems. As cities increasingly depend on
interconnected systems to optimize resource management, deliver real-time analytics, and enhance connectivity,
safeguarding critical infrastructure and data privacy emerges as a pivotal challenge. This study systematically
investigates the interplay between big data, critical infrastructure, and data security in smart city contexts.
Utilizing a multifaceted methodology—including a systematic literature review, case studies of leading smart
cities, expert interviews, and vulnerability assessments—this research provides a comprehensive understanding
of the complexities involved. The analysis identifies both opportunities and vulnerabilities in infrastructures like
transportation, energy, and communication networks. Insights from policy analysis and expert consultations
inform strategies to mitigate cybersecurity threats, including the adoption of advanced encryption technologies,
privacy-by-design frameworks, and public-private collaborations. By developing a theoretical vulnerability
assessment framework and drawing on empirical evidence, this study contributes actionable recommendations
for policymakers, urban planners, and technology developers. The findings aim to build resilient, secure, and
sustainable smart cities, ensuring technological advancement aligns with robust data protection and critical
infrastructure security. This holistic approach advances the resilience and trustworthiness of future urban
cosystems.

La teoría de empresa más hegemónica está aún en deuda para dar cuenta de aquellos formatos empresariales atípicos a la norma capitalista, es decir, empresas que no persiguen la maximización de sus utilidades y no se organizan con una estructura de mando piramidal. Las empresas de la economía social y solidaria tampoco han sido bien interpretadas por cierta doctrina cooperativista que pone énfasis en su definición como "organizaciones que no persiguen fines de lucro". En el presente artículo nos proponemos analizar desde un paradigma de economía plural las características que definen a la empresa solidaria. Analizaremos además el fenómeno de las empresas sociales como caso híbrido donde características del modelo tradicional se confunden con las de una empresa solidaria.

A contribuição das mulheres no agronegócio nacional ainda é uma temática pouco explorada no âmbito acadêmico, bem como pouco percebida pelos agentes econômicos e políticos do país, muito embora as mulheres tenham cada vez mais participado decisivamente para o aumento da competitividade do setor. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e compreender o processo de inclusão e participação das mulheres no agronegócio do Oeste paranaense. Para tanto, utilizou-se da abordagem qualitativa e do método de estudo de caso, sendo que o objeto de estudo foi a Coopavel -Cooperativa Agroindustrial de Cascavel. A partir dos dados coletados é possível inferir que apesar da existência de diversas barreiras à inserção feminina no agronegócio, a maior participação e engajamento da mulher nas diversas atividades agrícolas é uma forte tendência. Assim, a exemplo da Coopavel, as ações voltadas à inserção da mulher no agribusiness mostram que os ganhos em termos de competitividade e produtividade do setor tendem a aumentar.

Poverty, a global phenomenon transcends regions and boundaries. With this outlook, this study looks at the Nigerian poverty scene, analyzing the poverty status of the artisanal fisher folks in Delta State, as the case study. Using a multistage sampling procedure, primary data were obtained from 430 artisanal fish farmers; the data collated were analyzed using some descriptive statistics and analytical tools; Foster-Greer Thorbecke (FGT) model and a binary probabilistic model: probit, to analyse the poverty status of the artisanal fisherfolks. The result from FGT model showed that about 51% of the artisanal fishers were under the poverty line of N1717.99. The probit estimates shows that marital status, education, age and household size had negative significant effect on the poverty status of the fishers. Hence these factors are the major determinants of poverty status of the artisanal fish farmers in Delta State

Poverty, a global phenomenon transcends regions and boundaries. With this outlook, this study looks at the Nigerian poverty scene, analyzing the poverty status of the artisanal fisher folks in Delta State, as the case study. Using a multistage sampling procedure, primary data were obtained from 430 artisanal fish farmers; the data collated were analyzed using some descriptive statistics and analytical tools; Foster-Greer Thorbecke (FGT) model and a binary probabilistic model: probit, to analyse the poverty status of the artisanal fisherfolks. The result from FGT model showed that about 51% of the artisanal fishers were under the poverty line of N1717.99. The probit estimates shows that marital status, education, age and household size had negative significant effect on the poverty status of the fishers. Hence these factors are the major determinants of poverty status of the artisanal fish farmers in Delta State

Cooperative banking in India, with its historical roots deeply embedded in the frameof
rural development, provides important support to the growing Indian economy and helps in
fostering financial inclusion. At the heart of this cooperative structure are State Cooperative
Banks (StCBs), acting as crucial conduits between District Central Cooperative Banks
(DCCBs) and Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS). This research delves into a
comprehensive regional analysis of State Cooperative Banks working in India, recognizing
the diverse socio-economic landscapes that define the nation. The rationale behind this
exploration lies in recognizing that the effectiveness and impact of StCBs are not uniform
across the vast and diverse landscape of the country. Varied regional dynamics, influenced
by factors such as economic development, agricultural practices, and demographic patterns,
significantly shape the functioning of these cooperative institutions.By addressing these
objectives, the research seeks to contribute a nuanced understanding of the regional dynamics
shaping State Cooperative Banks in India. This research endeavors to conduct a thorough
regional analysis of the performance of State Cooperative Banks using the CAMEL model.
The bank’s performance has been evaluated on the different ratio parameters and assigned
ranks from 1 to 6. The best performance has been ranked as 1 and the worst performance is
ranked as 6. The study finds that the North Eastern region is not performing well in any
parameter of the camel ratio. Then again, the best-performing bank is located in the Northern
region, which includesTelangana, Karnataka, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, andAndhra
Pradesh state cooperative banks

L 'Université coopérative européenne (UCE) est à l'heure des bilans. Cette contribution vise à mettre en perspective son projet en l'inscrivant dans l'histoire récente des formations en économie sociale. L'UCE s'ancre dans une double filiation: celle des collèges coopératifs, puisqu'elle est une émanation du Groupement des collèges coopératifs, et celle de l'Université coopérative internationale (UCI). En même temps, elle n'est réductive ni au projet des collèges ni à celui de l'UCI. Avec simultanément une référence à l'UCI, ne serait-ce que par le sigle et la reprise de deux mots sur trois d'« Université coopérative internationale », et une distance prise par rapport à elle, l'initiative du groupement des collèges témoigne d'une double revendication: l'appartenance commune avec Henri Desroche à l'université coopérative et la construction d'une forme d'université coopérative différente de celles qui l'ont précédée.

Access to quality and affordable housing is a growing challenge, and civil society has responded with participatory and self-managed housing experiences. Housing cooperatives in Switzerland belong to this phenomenon. Polanyi's double movement theory and Ostrom's work on the commons are employed to investigate the motivations and practices of self-managed cooperative housing members in Geneva and Zurich. Following the case study methodology, findings show that the main motivation of cooperative members is to decommodify housing. Common practices include sharing and solidarity-based practices, mutual learning, flexibility for member entry and exit, and general assembly decisions about financial and environmental sustainability. Groups build common practices to access funding, knowledge and solidarity through multi-stakeholder networks, in particular non-profit architects. As trust in self-managed practices increases, they are able to engage in sustainable innovation. Adoption and replication make their housing experiences scalable, configuring a model in concept and practice. As a result of the increase in experience and reputation, members of housing cooperatives become advocates of affordable housing in Swiss referenda. Ostrom's notion of commons, bundle of rights and nesting can provide valuable contributions in urban sociology research on the commons, necessary for building decommodified affordable housing.

La economía mundial está actualmente constituida por "cadenas de suministro integradas, donde más de la mitad de las importaciones totales de bienes manufacturados, y más del 70 por ciento de las importaciones totales de servicios, son bienes o servicios intermedios" (Lagarde, 2014). Este estudio propone un modelo de cadenas de valor en base a la perspectiva empresarial -tradicional versus sostenible- y los mecanismos de gobernanza -centralizados versus descentralizados- que las caracterizan. El objetivo es explorar el papel que adoptan las cooperativas en las cadenas de valor de café en Guatemala y de qué manera las cadenas de valor lideradas por cooperativas pueden diferir de aquellas dirigidas por inversores. El trabajo plantea que las cooperativas aportan a la construcción de cadenas de valor sostenibles y relacionales, con una triple línea de base que incluye objetivos sociales, laborales y ambientales.

During the study it has been revealed that in landholding category the maximum farmer was under marginal category followed by small farmer, medium farmer, semi-medium farmer and large farmer. In age category it was found that maximum farmer was in middle age group followed by young age group and old age group. In education category it was found that maximum of respondents was literate and less were illiterate. In gender category it was found that maximum was male followed by female. In category of respondent, it was found that maximum of respondents in General category followed by OBC category and SC/ST category. In family type category it was found that maximum of respondents was living in joint family and less were living in nuclear family. In religion category it was found that maximum were Hindu followed by Muslim and then Christian. Under market share amul is having market share higher than Parag in the study area. Under consumer preference it has been revealed that consumer is preferring amul over parag (milk and milk products) in quality, taste, brand image, availability, packaging quality. But in price category parag is preferred over amul in milk and milk products by respondents in the study area.