City Lights

Further examples can be found in the literature on field-configuring events offers ample examples (Lampel & Meyer, 2008; Moeran & Pedersen, 2011). 'Although they appear to be two similar delegations, the first one is concentrated at the time of installation, whereas the other is continuous, more exactly, the first one creates clear-cut distinctions between production, installation, and maintenance, whereas in the other the distinction between training and keeping in operation is either fuzzy or nil. The first one evokes the past perfect ("once hinges had been installed…"), the second the present tense ("when the groom is at his post…"). There is a built-in inertia in the first that is largely lacking in the second… (Latour, 1992, p. 231). 69 Rammert argues that the notion of 'systems' wrongly suggests that socio-technical interactions are reliable and stable so that we can trust in them. In order to 'avoid wrong fixations' and highlight the openness and malleability of such 'systems' he proposes the notion of the 'constellation' which suggests that humans, machines, programs interact in temporally and spatially distinct mixed arrangements, which are quite stable but are open to recombinations and change (Rammert, p. 9).

City lighting represents an important part of the maintenance and energy budget for many towns. For these reasons, it is important to monitor and manage the energy consumption in order to reduce the consumption with a low impact to the users. The proposed system allows monitoring and managing the lighting to reduce consumption and the cost of the maintenance and management. The system was tested in a real environment and incorporates the software and hardware to carry out the needed functionality.

Many cities, towns and villages around the world have adopted new Lighting Emitting Diode (LED) technology in order to save energy, operational and maintenance costs. While energy-efficient, these light sources have a critical effect on the appearance of historic sites at night and the technology has unique properties and numerous inherent drawbacks that present challenges to decision makers as well as inexperienced lighting professionals. This paper uses practice-based research, critical analysis of literature, interviews and observations to investigate the various issues involved with the application of LED lighting and proposes methods to address them. Lighting actors that impact nighttime perception and the visual appearance of cities as living structures are assessed, and European historic urban settings have been analyzed, including feedback from residents and tourists about their nighttime perception of the physical environment. the numerous drawbacks of existing LED technology to create and design quality spaces that support cultural heritage values after the sun sets? Additionally, photographic analysis is provided to demonstrate how to prevent the loss of specific ambience and associated cultural heritage inherited from past generations via an example of successful lighting in a real life, detailed case study of Najac village in France. This paper highlights the importance of best lighting practices, guidance from professional lighting designers, and lighting strategies for the future to ensure appropriate external illumination is achieved. Moreover, municipalities, heritage officers, and planners are introduced to effective, practical and responsible ways to adopt this new form of decades, the authors propose that the nighttime ambience of historic urban settings be included in this definition. Not only does the appearance and atmosphere of a place at night establish a foundation of identity that interconnects people from different cultures, it is especially important for nighttime tourism. For this reason, cultural heritage should include physical elements of the built environment such as monuments, archaeological sites and historic urban settings that are inherited, maintained and preserved for the benefit of future generations by day and by night.

This paper presents a fast and realistic model for the synthetic reproduction of night sky appearance. The basic elements of the nocturnal scene such as the airglow, the zodiacal light together with its Gegenschein, the integrated starlight as well as the scattered moonlight along with the effect of any artificial illumination are processed separately. Computation of the position and spectral luminosity of the visible planets and stars is demonstrated. Algorithm for a dynamic application of the Purkinje shift has been included. By integrating the model into the former daylight/twilight sky rendering framework of the author, this work enables a seamless infrastructure for a complete generation of 7/24 sky scenes with alterable turbidity and altitude, also comprising solar eclipses. Additionally, transition from false to true dawn is discussed through a deeptwilight analysis.

Vorwort Nachtleben-erst die künstliche Beleuchtung ermöglicht es seit den technischen Durchbrüchen im 19. Jahrhundert, die menschlichen Aktivitäten in die Nacht auszudehnen. Damit wird vielfach wirtschaftliche Dynamik, Fortschritt, Urbanität und Lebensfreude verbunden. Die lange Nacht der Museen mit hell erleuchteten Gebäuden und andere nächtliche Events ziehen viele Menschen an. Nachtleben-das kennzeichnet auch die Aktivitäten vieler nachtaktiver Lebewesen. Nicht nur unsere Fledermausarten sind nachtaktiv, auch hohe Anteile etwa von Insekten, Amphibien, Krebstieren und vielen anderen. Licht und künstliche Beleuchtung beeinflussen zudem nicht nur einzelne Lebewesen und Arten, sondern es sind, bislang noch viel zu wenig erforscht, auch die ökologischen Beziehungsgefüge betroffen. Die Vielfalt des Lebens ist durch räumliche Differenzierung ebenso wie durch unterschiedliche Rhythmen und Zeitbiotope, die Chronotope geprägt.

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1984.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-145).The night -- particularly its constitutive darkness -poses a formidable challenge to the human mind, which operates primarily on visual evidence. Indeed, the active channels connecting the cognitive and visual systems are dominant features of brain activity overall: As a result, blacking out the visual field has a profound impact on how the brain construes the environment. This study presents a general perspective on the traffic between mind and reality via the visual channel, and proffers the notion that the most important factor in the visual process is the extent, at any given moment, to which whatever happens to be present is visible; that is, not the object, but the amount of available light by which we may see them. It is further suggested that darkness can be a positive environmental conditio...

City Lights et la naissance de la poésie Beat : Comment Howl dans Other Poems a redéfini les frontières poétiques et culturelles au milieu des années 1950 ? City Lights y el nacimiento de la poesía beat: ¿Cómo Howl and Other Poems redefinió las fronteras poéticas y culturales a mediados de los años 50?

9 | Printemps / Été 2017 Poètes et éditeurs : diffuser la poésie d'avant-garde américaine (depuis 1945) City Lights and the Emergence of Beat Poetry: How Howl and Other Poems redefined Poetic and Cultural Boundaries in the mid-1950s City Lights et la naissance de la poésie Beat : Comment Howl dans Other Poems a redéfini les frontières poétiques et culturelles au milieu des années 1950 ? City Lights y el nacimiento de la poesía beat: ¿Cómo Howl and Other Poems redefinió las fronteras poéticas y culturales a mediados de los años 50?

Cet article s’intéresse à la façon dont City Lights, une petite maison d’édition de la Côte Ouest des États-Unis, est devenue non seulement un repère culturel et éditorial pour toute une génération de poètes et d’artistes, que ce soit la Beat Generation ou les poètes contemporains de la Cote Ouest, mais aussi un organe de la contreculture, qui à partir du milieu des années 1950 a été une des courroies de transmission d’une nouvelle vision poétique et esthétique dissidente et expérimentale. Une contextualisation des conditions de publication de ses poètes à l’époque servira de cadre pour comprendre, d’une part, les caractéristiques de City Lights Publishers et la création de la série Pocket Poets, et d’autre part, la question de publication des poètes Beat. L’article se focalisera principalement sur le numéro 4 de cette série Howl and Other Poems d’Allen Ginsberg dont la censure redistribuera les cartes de la poésie contemporaine américaine. Ce qui permettra, par le truchement de Gin...

Introduction: connecting changes in urban land use and resource consumption to utility service provision When a large urban site loses its industrial function as a result of economic restructuring it creates a hole not only in the local economy but also in established infrastructure ...

The artificial but widely held binary conceptions of day versus night find themselves condensed in cities where strategies to recalibrate the nocturnal urban landscape are abundant. This transformation requires considerable energies and technologies to facilitate illumination. The night-time city remains poorly understood, requiring new inquiries to examine the tensions and coexistences of light and darkness. This article examines the city of Manchester, United Kingdom, its pioneering history of industrialisation, and subsequent phases of regeneration and gentrification to explore its contemporary urban landscape. It draws on extensive autoethnography of experiences in the city to consider the potential of different lights and darknesses for how we might think more holistically with regard illumination, and the reciprocity between our senses and the urban environment.

The artificial but widely held binary conceptions of day versus night find themselves condensed in cities where strategies to recalibrate the nocturnal urban landscape are abundant. This transformation requires considerable energies and technologies to facilitate illumination. The night-time city remains poorly understood, requiring new inquiries to examine the tensions and coexistences of light and darkness. This article examines the city of Manchester, United Kingdom, its pioneering history of industrialisation, and subsequent phases of regeneration and gentrification to explore its contemporary urban landscape. It draws on extensive autoethnography of experiences in the city to consider the potential of different lights and darknesses for how we might think more holistically with regard illumination, and the reciprocity between our senses and the urban environment.

Many cities, towns and villages around the world have adopted new Lighting Emitting Diode (LED) technology in order to save energy, operational and maintenance costs. While energy-efficient, these light sources have a critical effect on the appearance of historic sites at night and the technology has unique properties and numerous inherent drawbacks that present challenges to decision makers as well as inexperienced lighting professionals. This paper uses practice-based research, critical analysis of literature, interviews and observations to investigate the various issues involved with the application of LED lighting and proposes methods to address them. Lighting actors that impact nighttime perception and the visual appearance of cities as living structures are assessed, and European historic urban settings have been analyzed, including feedback from residents and tourists about their nighttime perception of the physical environment. the numerous drawbacks of existing LED technolo...

Auch das Licht haben wir nicht mehr unter Kontrolle Wir leben in einer aufreibenden Zeit. Nicht nur, dass auf der Bühne der großen Politik in manchen Momenten eine Demokratie zu erodieren scheint oder Corona diese Bühne komplett für sich beansprucht, sondern selbst im Kleinen zeigt sich ein neuer Verlust: Auch das Licht haben wir nicht mehr unter Kontrolle. Auf den Straßen ist es oft zu hell, zu grell, zu weiß und zu kalt. Auto-und Radfahrer mit LED-Leuchten überbelichten ihre Umgebung und in manchen Innenräumen ätzt sich das Weiß durch den Raum wie sonst nur in Tiefgaragen. Dieser aggressive Lichtkegel greift mittlerweile auch auf Klassiker über und integriert sich in die Populärkultur. In Rom ist selbst das Kolosseum teilweise kalt-weiß ausgeleuchtet und in der süßen Netflix-Serie "Emily in Paris" läuft die Protagonistin in einer überromantischen Schlüsselszene durch eine kleine Gasse, die ziemlich genau dem Gegenteil entspricht, wie sich Balzac eine Gaslaterne vorgestellt hätte. Man möchte schon gar nicht mehr wissen, was erst passiert, wenn zur Weihnachtszeit wieder der Lichterschmuck auf die Straßen kommt. Schon etwas ältere Generationen bemerken vielleicht jetzt erst, was man den Franzosen angetan hat, also man ihnen in den 1990er die tiefgelben Autolampen verbot. Am anderen Ende erhalten vielleicht einige der jüngeren "Digital Natives", die ja die Welt vor dem Internet nicht kannten und das "Neue" der neuen Medien niemals als ungewohnt empfanden, vielleicht ihr historisches Momentum: Die Erfahrung, dass es ein Vorher und ein Nachher geben kann, man dem Vorher hinterhertrauert und deshalb in der Gegenwart etwas versteift. Früher war gewiss auch nichts besser. Aber man musste sich immerhin keine Gedanken über das Licht machen, da es nicht störte. Man konnte es genauso wenig steuern, wie man die Dunkelheit anders hätte einstellen können. Es gab ein paar Varianten bei den Glühbirnen und für die Städte wäre eine allzu hohe Lichtintensität viel zu teuer gewesen. Mit dem billigen LED-Licht fing man an, aus dem Vollen schöpfen, ohne dass man auch über die sinnvollen Grenzen dieser Intensität nachdachte.

“Cesur bir adam ve cesur bir şair.”

Bob Dylan

Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg ve William S. Burroughs ile birlikte Beat Kuşağı’nın kurucularından; grubun 101 yaşında halen hayatta olan tek üyesi; şair, ressam, çevirmen, yayıncı, savaş gazisi, pasifist, fakir çocuk, ayrıcalıklı çocuk, dobra sosyalist, başarılı kapitalist…

Ferlinghetti, otobiyografik unsurlarla bezediği ilk romanı Küçük Çocuk’ta asırlık bir belleğin labirentlerinde dolaşıyor. Zengin bir aileye evlatlık verilen Küçük Çocuk’un ilk gençliğiyle başlayan roman, kendisini kimi zaman sayfalarca süren bilinçakışına kaptırarak sürekli şekil değiştiriyor, şiire, monoloğa, ilahiye, politik söyleme, vasiyetnameye, bir dil fırtınasına dönüşüyor.

Küçük Çocuk karmaşık bilincin satırlara damıtıldığı, Proust’a ve Joyce’a göz kırpan, öfkeyle ve neşeyle dolu yüz yıllık zihnin uzun soluklu anlatısı.

venture of the infinite man was Neruda's third book, published in 1926, two years after his widely celebrated Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. In a stark stylistic departure from the love poems, Neruda composed an epic poem in 15 cantos, discarding rhyme, meter, punctuation and capitalization in what he described as an attempt to better capture the voice of the subconsious. His readers were not prepared for this experiment, and decades after its publication, Neruda lamented that "one of the most important books of my poetry" remained woefully neglected and virtually unknown.

Neruda considered venture essential to his evolution: "Within its smallness and minimal expression, more than most of my works, it claimed, it secured, the path that I had to follow." 

So critical in his poetic evolution, this is an introduction to the first-ever book-length translation into English (by Jessica Powell) of tentativa, which was so critical in his poetic evolution (published by City Lights Books).

"Experimental, obscure, timeless, essential, venture of the infinite man, published two years after his famous Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, set Pablo Neruda on his course toward becoming the greatest poet in the history of the Spanish language. Its publication in English is a historic event, above all today, above all in this moment, above all, now."––Raúl Zurita

Poeta, artista, editore, librario, agitatore politico e viaggiatore instancabile, Lawrence Ferlinghetti (Yonkers, NY, 1919) ha attraversato il Novecento incontrandone i protagonisti e contribuendo, con il suo talento e il suo coraggio, al rinnovamento del panorama culturale americano. Questo saggio vuole dare testimonianza dei luoghi e degli eventi che hanno contribuito alla sua formazione di uomo e intellettuale.

Wie LED-Technologie die Straßenbeleuchtung reformieren könnte Hoher Energieverbrauch, Lichtverschmutzung und Milliarden getöteter Insekten pro Jahr: Deutschlands Straßenbeleuchtung ist reformbedürftig. Die LED als alternatives Leuchtmittel könnte Abhilfe schaffen, wenn das Licht intelligent und sparsam eingesetzt wird. Die beiden Unternehmen AUTEV AG und HarzOptics GmbH haben in zweijähriger Entwicklungszeit eine LED-Straßenlampe -die AuLED -entworfen und getestet, mit der sich eine Vielzahl der theoretischen Vorteile von LED-Beleuchtung bereits realisieren lassen. Der Artikel liefert einen Überblick der mit der öffentlichen Straßenbeleuchtung verbundenen Probleme und stellt kurz Design, Funktionsweise und besondere Merkmale der AuLED vor.

City lighting represents an important part of the maintenance and energy budget for many towns. For these reasons, it is important to monitor and manage the energy consumption in order to reduce the consumption with a low impact to the users. The proposed system allows monitoring and managing the lighting to reduce consumption and the cost of the maintenance and management. The system was tested in a real environment and incorporates the software and hardware to carry out the needed functionality.

Mit der Entwicklung der Technologie und der Verfügbarkeit von LED-Lichtquellen und den damit verbundenen Vorteilen wie Energieeinsparung, Lebensdauer und Steuerungsmöglichkeiten, kommen sie mittlerweile verstärkt für Außenwerbung als bewegte Werbeflächen zum Einsatz. Trotz der rasanten Entwicklung, oder auch gerade deshalb, gibt es demgegenüber jedoch noch keine ausreichenden
Bewertungsrichtlinien für professionelle Fachplaner. Es ist daher erforderlich, sich auf internationaler Ebene in der Forschung verstärkt mit diesem Thema zu beschäftigen sowie in Fachgruppen und Gremien allgemeingültige Richtlinien zu erstellen und in der Praxis umzusetzen.

The fascination and thrill of arts festivals relates to their capacity to host the unexpected, surprising and new. The economic model of novelty bundling markets presents a rare attempt to account for the potential impact of festivals on innovation. Its cognitive conception of festivals as sites of economic evolution offers a point of departure for this paper. The economic model is criticised and further developed, especially in two respects, drawing on sociological studies on science, technology and society (STS) and on empirical data from two cases of innovatively used lighting technology in festivals. First, it is argued that festivals offer a fair space for the simultaneous discovery, display and valorisation of the new that is produced by performers, curators and audiences, and by innovators, intermediaries and consumers alike. Secondly, the production and consumption of newness in festivals is linked to the specific way in which their socio-material setting facilitates what has been termed framing and overflowing of cognitive formats. Finally, the analysis sheds new light not only on the innovative impact of festivals but also on the scholarly reserve to engage with this field of research.

This dissertation discusses the introduction of LED lighting in urban spaces as an example of innovative public activities. The author conducts a microanalytical investigation into how this globally produced and distributed “disruptive technology” is installed and valorised in specific urban situations. LED pilot projects and demonstrations in cities are considered key innovative activities, as they allow innovators and technology users to present and test new concepts on urban audiences. In light of this, the author argues that the future of technological innovations is not only shaped by technology producers and users, but also urban observers. A series of six ethnographic case studies demonstrate how LED lighting was introduced, further developed and valorised in Berlin and Lyon between 2011 and 2013. The LED projects in both cities differ considerably. The actors in Lyon publically put cutting-edge LED technology to the test, while the Berlin LED installations are reassuringly conventional and exist within the framework of the German capital’s familiar cityscape. The six situational analyses demonstrate that these city-specific LED configurations are no coincidence, but the result of socio-material practices and settings. Theoretically, this work draws heavily on the field of science and technology studies (STS) and criticises macroanalytical innovation and diffusion research. A research gap is identified in innovation theory with regard to the conceptualisation of pilot and demonstration projects, that is, public situations in which innovation is recognised and valorised by heterogeneous groups of observers. In this context, the author proposes the notion of the ‘early public installation’ in order to sociologically conceptualise the situation-specific public introduction of new technology as an inherent part of innovation activities.

El proyecto busca sustituir, con productos LED desarrollados en Chetumal, las 17,000 luminarias del  sistema de alumbrado pùblico en la ciudad de Chetumal, a partir del resultado de mediciones de eficiencia y pruebas piloto convencionales versus LED-innovadas, del montaje y operación del laboratorio de alta tecnología con los recursos humanos capacitados para manufacturar las luminarias LED  y del escalamiento prototipo-planta piloto de la tecnología de equipo, proceso y producto necesarios.

In order to answer the research question; to what extent did Hollywood during the 1930"s reinforce, reinvent of challenge national values and identity in the United States? Four films will be analysed including; City Lights 1931) 1 & Modern Times (1936) 2 directed by Charlie Chaplin, and The Wizard of Oz (1939) 3 & Gone with the Wind (1939) 4 directed by Victor Fleming. Through an exploration of these films and their common leitmotifs of home, industrialisation, and mechanisation this extended essay will seek to understand how Hollywood motion pictures during the 1930s" represented the idea of home and its connection to change and/or industrialisation. In the films City Lights and Modern Times Charlie Chaplin utilises the monochrome scheme as well as no or little dialogue to show his unwillingness to fuel change and the idea of the industrialisation by using modern technological cinematic elements such as Technicolor. On the other hand Victor Fleming reinforces mechanisation and industrialisation through his expensive spectacles and Technicolor films such as The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind. Fleming

Although many critics have discussed the influence of Chaplin on the theory and practice of Brecht’s epic theater, few have examined the political ramifications of this interaction. That such interaction spanned Brecht’s entire literary career suggests the importance of reciprocally reading these two figures, especially considering the politico-ethical concern they inherit from their nineteenth century forerunner, Karl Marx. If the Marx of The Eighteenth Brumaire is forced into satirical anger by the intrusive interruption of the lumpenproletariat, Chaplin and Brecht make this discontinuous, distracted and trampish figure the central object of their formal and narrative strategies. Beyond the teleology of Marxist science, the lumpen performs the political by exposing the repressed nonsense of social relations, thus suggesting their critique and transformation. This essay argues that epic theater screens these relations in a Chaplin-inflected montage of gestures, positions and attitudes, finding a means, to paraphrase Marx, to separate from the past cheerfully.