Biophilic Urban Design

Understanding how nature impacts mental health highlights the importance of biophilic design for high-rise residential buildings. Architectural solutions that connect residents with nature or incorporate nature-inspired elements are essential to elevate life quality and improve mental health. This connection is particularly important in rapidly growing cities like Erbil. This paper investigates the potential of biophilic design for improving well-being and promoting environmentally sustainable practices in designing high-rise residential buildings. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining a quantitative survey of 100 residents with qualitative analyses of five selected biophilic patterns for two case studies in Erbil city: Park View and Ganjan Life. The quantitative survey gathered residents' feedback, while the qualitative analysis involved on-site assessment of specific biophilic patterns (Visual Connection with Nature, Presence of Water, Biomorphic Forms & Patterns, Material Connection with Nature, and Prospect). The results indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between applying biophilic design features and the residents' enhanced mental health and well-being. The research revealed growing interest in biophilic design in urban housing as a valuable strategy for creating healthier and more sustainable environments. It delivers evidence of biophilic impacts in Kurdistan's high-rise housing, advancing salutogenic design scholarship and offering replicable metrics for similar fast-growing cities.

This paper explores how cities can evolve into inclusive, adaptive, and caring ecosystems through a new framework called creative sustainability. In response to climate crises, digital alienation, and systemic urban inequality, this work argues that the future of urbanism must be guided by ethical, ecological, and cultural principles, not merely technological optimization. Drawing from Heidegger's notion of dwelling and the Greek ethic of Synelixis, the paper critiques dominant technocratic models and proposes an integrated approach centered on ecological justice, participatory design, and democratic governance. Through interdisciplinary analysis and international case studies, the study formulates actionable design and policy strategies that foster urban antifragility, spatial empathy, and collective care.

The following study focuses on biophilic design in contemporary architecture and its impact on sustainable context and people’s health. The purpose of this paper is to establish how biophilia can be used to achieve the design of sustainable and people-oriented built environments. Subsequently, based on the literature, a conceptual model is formulated to capture the essence of biophilic design and stress sustainable living and improvement of the occupants’ standard of living. Finally, the study provides a detailed literature review that chronologically analyses the historical development of biophilic design about the changing definitions of sustainable design. Methodologically, this research utilizes qualitative interviews, surveys, and case studies that encompass a wide geographical spread and types of architecture. Causal comparative and correlational methods are used to examine quantitative data that indicates how biophilic design benefits occupants. It would benefit from the results that reflect the positive relationship between the BIOPHILIC DESIGN elements and the improved well-being to show the advantages of the integration of SUSTAINABILITY AND HUMAN-CENTRIC DESIGN elements. From the lessons learned, it is clear that a finite design thinking approach generates the highest outcomes in these areas, but the study’s applicability could be restricted by case study-focused analysis.

Urban streetscape is a part of city space that reflects the quality of streetscape design and visual effects. Sustainable streetscape design considers several aspects, namely environment, architectural, economic and social. One aspect of streetscape design is the ecological aspect. This research aims to analyse user’s preferences for implementing ecological aspects in streetscapes’ design, thereby increasing ecosystem balance and minimizing negative impacts on the environment. This research uses quantitative methods. The research was carried out in the center of Medan City. Several variables used in the ecological aspect are the availability of open space, facade, vegetation, street furniture, and drainage. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to people in Medan City, and the analysis used is descriptive. The research results show that green open spaces should be easily accessible and connected to sidewalks. The building facade provides an attractive visual impression. Vegetation on pedestrian paths can provide a sense of comfort for pedestrians. The provision of street furniture on the sidewalk should be in an attractive form and provide a feeling of comfort for users. Drainage is needed to handle rainwater runoff so that flooding can be prevented. The streetscape design concept was prepared with the application of ecological aspects that could support a green city. Providing a comfortable and attractive streetscape can increase walkability in a city.

VTN Architects and Biophilic Design VTN Architects, led by Vo Trong Nghia, exemplifies innovative architectural design that connects urban spaces with nature. Projects like "House for Trees" and "Farming Kindergarten" address urban challenges like pollution, overcrowding, and disconnection from natural elements. By integrating greenery into architecture, VTN Architects advocate for coexistence between humanity and the environment. Their designs draw inspiration from the "Biophilia Hypothesis" by American biologist Edward O. Wilson, which emphasizes humanity's innate affinity for nature, and British architect Christopher Alexander's "The Nature of Order", which advocates for designs that evoke vitality and wholeness.

City streets are an important component of public realm since people have to use them every day, all the time. The presented research study addresses the problem of the multiple negative feelings of stress, tension, fatigue, pain, sadness, depression and anxiety that affects different users during their daily life and are increased by their presence in the cities' streets. The incorporation of nature into urban landscapes is now seen as having restorative benefits for city residents. It all began with Kaplan and Kaplan's attention restoration theory in 1989. Well-designed restorative streetscape's planning might improve city users' health: physiologically and sociologically. This research aims to formulate a conceptual framework for restorative streetscapes in cities. It follows a descriptive analytical approach to answering two main research questions: (Q1) what are the main restorative principles for healthy street design and public realm in cities? (Q2) what are the main streetscape design elements that apply the restorative principles? The research introduces relevant concepts from a historic perspective then it reviews the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and identifies the principles and the main elements of restorative streetscapes in their four main categories: urban, environmental, social, and economic principles. The research paper ends by identifying a methodology to define applications for achieving restorative streetscapes in our cities. The limitations of the study are that there is few published research on restorative streetscape. Moreover, there were some significant gaps in the literature. Furthermore, there aren't many guidelines or frameworks addressing the integration of restorative landscape into street design.

Biophilic design, in the context of modern interior spaces, focuses on incorporating natural elements and materials to counter the growing disconnect between people and nature. It aims to enhance human well-being, particularly within office environments, ultimately influencing performance and corporate success. In the era of globalization, where office spaces play a pivotal role, the interplay between office design, occupant well-being, and performance cannot be underestimated. Several factors are integral to the success of office design, including lighting, color schemes, ergonomic furniture, and construction materials. A well-designed office should not only facilitate work but also lower stress levels, boost motivation, and promote physical health among its users. This academic study delves into the identification of biophilic design elements that contribute positively to the office experience. It commences with a comprehensive literature review on biophilic design principles and their components. These principles are then transposed into the realm of office design, forming the basis for an expert evaluation survey. The survey findings highlight three paramount biophilic design elements for integration into office spaces: access to natural light, the use of evolving natural materials, and the provision of a nature view. Interestingly, participants with expertise in landscape architecture and biophilic design place higher importance on incorporating natural elements into their office designs. This research emphasizes the pivotal role played by biophilic design in shaping corporate environments, rendering them conducive to work, while concurrently promoting the wellbeing and productivity of their inhabitants.

Biophilic urbanism is bringing new perspectives to how natural systems need to be integrated into the fabric of cities. This paper shows how biophilic streets can be the front door to biophilic urbanism by integrating nature into a new street design, benefiting a range of economic, environmental and social functions. A theoretical integrated Biophilic Streets Design Framework, is outlined and evaluated through the analysis of four street revitalisation projects from Vitoria-Gasteiz, Berkeley, Portland and Melbourne. Its practical applications and multiple urban benefits will be of value to street designers globally. The Biophilic Streets Design Framework demonstrated that the four case studies meet the main design categories, which is favourable since multiple additional benefits are likely to be obtained. Future research is needed to monitor and quantify the performance of biophilic streets design to address the increasing effects of climate change, environmental degradation and bi...

In Western countries, the concepts of healthy ageing and active ageing, that is, concepts that favour health, participation, and security to increase the quality of life of older people, have become key issues. Hence, the effective design of public green spaces in urban areas is crucial, as visiting these areas encourages social relations and interactions in natural, healthy contexts. Consistent with these perspectives, existing landscape design criteria emphasise the importance of considering not only the functional and aesthetic elements, but also the ecosystemic and biophilic relationships between people and the environment, producing positive effects for both. To maximise the impact of such design criteria, proper engagement strategies are desirable, both to assign an active role to older people themselves and to inform the fine-tuning of the design process according to the specific needs of the local population. This study presents an interdisciplinary co-design method that enc...

Biophilic urbanism is bringing new perspectives to how natural systems need to be integrated into the fabric of cities. This paper shows how biophilic streets can be the front door to biophilic urbanism by integrating nature into a new street design, benefiting a range of economic, environmental and social functions. A theoretical integrated Biophilic Streets Design Framework, is outlined and evaluated through the analysis of four street revitalisation projects from Vitoria-Gasteiz, Berkeley, Portland and Melbourne. Its practical applications and multiple urban benefits will be of value to street designers globally. The Biophilic Streets Design Framework demonstrated that the four case studies meet the main design categories, which is favourable since multiple additional benefits are likely to be obtained. Future research is needed to monitor and quantify the performance of biophilic streets design to address the increasing effects of climate change, environmental degradation and bi...

City streets are an important component of public realm since people have to use them every day, all the time. The presented research study addresses the problem of the multiple negative feelings of stress, tension, fatigue, pain, sadness, depression and anxiety that affects different users during their daily life and are increased by their presence in the cities' streets. The incorporation of nature into urban landscapes is now seen as having restorative benefits for city residents. It all began with Kaplan and Kaplan's attention restoration theory in 1989. Well-designed restorative streetscape's planning might improve city users' health: physiologically and sociologically. This research aims to formulate a conceptual framework for restorative streetscapes in cities. It follows a descriptive analytical approach to answering two main research questions: (Q1) what are the main restorative principles for healthy street design and public realm in cities? (Q2) what are the main streetscape design elements that apply the restorative principles? The research introduces relevant concepts from a historic perspective then it reviews the Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and identifies the principles and the main elements of restorative streetscapes in their four main categories: urban, environmental, social, and economic principles. The research paper ends by identifying a methodology to define applications for achieving restorative streetscapes in our cities. The limitations of the study are that there is few published research on restorative streetscape. Moreover, there were some significant gaps in the literature. Furthermore, there aren't many guidelines or frameworks addressing the integration of restorative landscape into street design.

Indonesia is one of the countries that will enter the era of demographic bonus. The demographic bonus is that the productive age population's growth is more significant than the structure of the unproductive age population. Meanwhile, Indonesia is still experiencing difficulties in one of the health problems often experienced by adolescents, namely mental health. Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province, which has the 8th largest depression sufferer. A design approach that can answer this question is biophilic design. Biophilic design is a design approach based on biophilia, which is intended to create a space that can improve the well-being of human life physically and mentally by approaching the positive relationship between humans and nature. The Mental Health Center design method uses qualitative research methods, which will go through several processes that aim to identify the biophilic design and compare it to the interior design facility standards.  

This paper describes an environmental education initiative called Starting out Wild (SoW) designed for toddlers and their caretakers. The program, developed by staff and volunteers of a city parks department, engages children ages 1-3 and their parents and caretakers through outdoor learning experiences. We suggest that environmental education learning for young children should focus on nurturing positive emotional relationships with nature and keep in mind practices that are appropriate to the children’s development. In this article, first we offer a rationale for situating early environmental learning in an affective approach. Next, we examine learning about the environment in the context of developmentally appropriate practice for young children, drawing on guidelines developed by the North American Association for Environmental Educators (NAAEE) and the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Then we describe the San Antonio-based SoW program, including...

Kembang Jepun is an area of the old city of Surabaya known under the name of the Lower Town or "Beneden Stad" that developed since the 18th century which has buildings with several different periods starting in the 1870s up to the 1900s. Now Kembang Jepun area has been known as dense area filled with commercial buildings and less paying attention to the condition of the streetscape. As a historic area that continues to operate actively, Kembang Jepun corridor has great streetscape potential to be developed to produce an attractive city situation in terms of environment, social conditions and supporting urban economic development. In fact there are problems for instance lacking in greenery and safety as well as historical atmosphere. For this purpose, the study will use a focus group discussion approach, which is a method of discussion with several stakeholders to provide innovative design ideas in the development of streetscape that has meaning in sustainable urban development, because stakeholder participation is an important key factor in the sustainable design process. The expected result of this research is to develop innovative streetscape designs in the corridor by develop the potentials and still maintaining the cultural heritage buildings.

Nature is a necessary need for everyone, so knowing, exploring and learning about nature are processes that must be acquired during childhood. Exterior and interior spaces need to be reorganized as spaces that children use and get benefit from so, they will want to learn, raise their sense of discovery, and provide them to be individuals who are self-confident. Innovative approaches are required for children to protect them, support a healthy life style, and strengthen their bond to the nature in their daily life. Therefore, access to nature through “biophilic design” is possible in terms of children’s daily lives. Supporting children’s development in the best way possible is an important start for a qualified education period. Thus, a qualified pre-school education environment is the most effective tool to provide children’s psychomotor, cognitive, and socio-emotional spaces. The aim of this study is to investigate how children can make a connection to nature during their pre-schoo...

Several studies have indicated that children who grow up in green environments enjoy beneficial impacts on their development. However, to date, very little attention has been paid to the types and characteristics of dedicated public open green space for children. In addition, studies on biophilic design that could help landscape architects to design open spaces for children are limited. In order to fill this gap, this perspective examines the scientific literature on the relationship between open spaces and children. The authors specifically discuss and analyze the following points: (1) pathways to and effects on children’s health and well-being; (2) types and characteristics of open spaces for child-dedicated facilities (e.g., schools, hospitals, fitness camps, playgrounds, etc.), as well as for child-friendly urban open spaces. Finally, the authors provide inspiring examples and case studies of biophilic design for children’s health and well-being. Conclusions from this perspectiv...

Despite the well-known benefits of healing gardens for children in healthcare facilities, policies and guidelines for their implementation are lacking, leading to their undervaluation by policymakers. This literature review investigates the advantages of healing gardens for children’s health and wellbeing, with a focus on public-funded healthcare facilities. The review explores the definition of a healing garden, theories, the value of play, the impact on children’s development, and the environmental benefits of healing gardens. Additionally, the review presents successful examples of healing gardens in practice, while acknowledging potential arguments against them and associated risks. During the literature review, research gaps were identified, and areas for future research were also examined. Finally, this review calls for evidence-based guidelines for policymakers and designers to incorporate healing gardens into healthcare facilities, providing a comprehensive argument for thei...

In Western countries, the concepts of healthy ageing and active ageing, that is, concepts that favour health, participation, and security to increase the quality of life of older people, have become key issues. Hence, the effective design of public green spaces in urban areas is crucial, as visiting these areas encourages social relations and interactions in natural, healthy contexts. Consistent with these perspectives, existing landscape design criteria emphasise the importance of considering not only the functional and aesthetic elements, but also the ecosystemic and biophilic relationships between people and the environment, producing positive effects for both. To maximise the impact of such design criteria, proper engagement strategies are desirable, both to assign an active role to older people themselves and to inform the fine-tuning of the design process according to the specific needs of the local population. This study presents an interdisciplinary co-design method that enc...

Indonesia is one of the countries that will enter the era of demographic bonus. The demographic bonus is that the productive age population's growth is more significant than the structure of the unproductive age population. Meanwhile, Indonesia is still experiencing difficulties in one of the health problems often experienced by adolescents, namely mental health. Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province, which has the 8th largest depression sufferer. A design approach that can answer this question is biophilic design. Biophilic design is a design approach based on biophilia, which is intended to create a space that can improve the well-being of human life physically and mentally by approaching the positive relationship between humans and nature. The Mental Health Center design method uses qualitative research methods, which will go through several processes that aim to identify the biophilic design and compare it to the interior design facility standards.

Biophilic urbanism is bringing new perspectives to how natural systems need to be integrated into the fabric of cities. This paper shows how biophilic streets can be the front door to biophilic urbanism by integrating nature into a new street design, benefiting a range of economic, environmental and social functions. A theoretical integrated Biophilic Streets Design Framework, is outlined and evaluated through the analysis of four street revitalisation projects from Vitoria-Gasteiz, Berkeley, Portland and Melbourne. Its practical applications and multiple urban benefits will be of value to street designers globally. The Biophilic Streets Design Framework demonstrated that the four case studies meet the main design categories, which is favourable since multiple additional benefits are likely to be obtained. Future research is needed to monitor and quantify the performance of biophilic streets design to address the increasing effects of climate change, environmental degradation and bi...

Erich Fromm coined the terminology of Biophilia in his book The Heart of Man. Hence, the concept was interpreted and established by Edward O. Wilson. It was described as human passionate of life and promoting well-being through natural elements. Throughout the years, the researchers show shreds of evidence of the positive benefits of nature interaction into human's life towards sustainable built environments. Biophilic is the terminology concept of design by integrating nature and natural elements, materials, and form in the built environment. The underpinnings theoretical frameworks are human experiences and the need for nature (Biophilia) through design principles and approaches (biophilic design) in the city built environment (urban design). This review paper will focus on the concept of Biophilia and biophilic by these two scholars, including Stephen Kellert and Elizabeth Calabrese that search through upon creating sustainable cities and restorative environment. The results ...

The concept of sustainable urban design has appeared in different perspectives to minimize and reduce the negative impacts of urban expansion in terms of climatic and environmental drawbacks. One of the undeniable approaches of sustainable urban design is the adoption of green urban roofs. Green roofs are seen to have a substantial role in addressing and resolving environmental issues in the context of climate change. Research investigations have indicated that green roofs have a remarkable impact on decreasing rainwater runoff, reducing the heat island effect in urban spaces, and increasing biodiversity. Nevertheless, green roofs in urban spaces as a competent alternative to nature remains a standing question. To what extent can green roofs mimic the biodiversity that is seen in nature? Moreover, to what level is this approach practical for achieving a tangible reconnection with nature, or so-called biophilia? This study attempts to discuss the essence and impact of green roofs in ...

ton. She obtained an MCP degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a BLA degree from Utah State University. Professional experience in participatory design processes informs her research interests in the design and use of successful urban parks and of children's learning environments. Jan Hurley has completed her MLA degree at the University of Washington. Her thesis, Legacy of the Landscape: Girls' Relationship with the Natural Environment Across Generations, explores girls' relationship with the natural environment through interviews and photography of three generations of women. She received a BA degree in Architecture from the University of Washington in 1980 and has spent her career in commercial design, construction, and development.

Biophilic urbanism is bringing new perspectives to how natural systems need to be integrated into the fabric of cities. This paper shows how biophilic streets can be the front door to biophilic urbanism by integrating nature into a new street design, benefiting a range of economic, environmental and social functions. A theoretical integrated Biophilic Streets Design Framework, is outlined and evaluated through the analysis of four street revitalisation projects from Vitoria-Gasteiz, Berkeley, Portland and Melbourne. Its practical applications and multiple urban benefits will be of value to street designers globally. The Biophilic Streets Design Framework demonstrated that the four case studies meet the main design categories, which is favourable since multiple additional benefits are likely to be obtained. Future research is needed to monitor and quantify the performance of biophilic streets design to address the increasing effects of climate change, environmental degradation and biodiversity loss in a cost-effective way.

Several studies have indicated that children who grow up in green environments enjoy beneficial impacts on their development. However, to date, very little attention has been paid to the types and characteristics of dedicated public open green space for children. In addition, studies on biophilic design that could help landscape architects to design open spaces for children are limited. In order to fill this gap, this perspective examines the scientific literature on the relationship between open spaces and children. The authors specifically discuss and analyze the following points: (1) pathways to and effects on children’s health and well-being; (2) types and characteristics of open spaces for child-dedicated facilities (e.g., schools, hospitals, fitness camps, playgrounds, etc.), as well as for child-friendly urban open spaces. Finally, the authors provide inspiring examples and case studies of biophilic design for children’s health and well-being. Conclusions from this perspectiv...

Indonesia is one of the countries that will enter the era of demographic bonus. The demographic bonus is that the productive age population's growth is more significant than the structure of the unproductive age population. Meanwhile, Indonesia is still experiencing difficulties in one of the health problems often experienced by adolescents, namely mental health. Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province, which has the 8th largest depression sufferer. A design approach that can answer this question is biophilic design. Biophilic design is a design approach based on biophilia, which is intended to create a space that can improve the well-being of human life physically and mentally by approaching the positive relationship between humans and nature. The Mental Health Center design method uses qualitative research methods, which will go through several processes that aim to identify the biophilic design and compare it to the interior design facility standards.

The development of the Biophilic Design Matrix (BDM) was to aid designers or other specialists in identifying and quantifying biophilic features through a visual inventory of interior spaces. With mounting evidence to support the healing attributes of biophilic environments, we propose a method to identify biophilic content within interior spaces. Such a strategy offers much promise to the advancement of restorative environments. The BDM was based on Stephen Kellert's biophilic design attribute list and modified to be appropriate for interior environments, specifically children's healthcare spaces. A photo-ethnographic documentation method of 24 child life play spaces within a South Atlantic state was used to determine whether the BDM could reliably reveal biophilic features (listed as attributes by Kellert in 2008). This matrix appears useful in documenting biophilia within the pediatric healthcare context, attesting to the usability and functionality of the BDM for this sp...

ton. She obtained an MCP degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a BLA degree from Utah State University. Professional experience in participatory design processes informs her research interests in the design and use of successful urban parks and of children's learning environments. Jan Hurley has completed her MLA degree at the University of Washington. Her thesis, Legacy of the Landscape: Girls' Relationship with the Natural Environment Across Generations, explores girls' relationship with the natural environment through interviews and photography of three generations of women. She received a BA degree in Architecture from the University of Washington in 1980 and has spent her career in commercial design, construction, and development.

Children's gardens have become popular additions to botanical and other public gardens, especially in the United States over the last 15 years, and are an important source of nature interactions for children inhabiting built spaces. However despite subscribing to egalitarian aims of providing child-centred environments and lofty purposes such as inspiring a love of natural environments in children, this paper proposes that, while well-intentioned, they lag behind current best practice in their general lack of opportunities for children to participate, beyond consultation, in their design. The paper suggests reasons for this and presents and critiques examples of processes followed in some children's gardens. By relating these to current participative research and the new social studies of childhood, this paper adds to the growing discourse on participation of children in the design of their outdoor environments. Some concluding recommendations contribute to a pathway towards co-construction with children for practitioners of outdoor spaces in the built environment.

The concept of sustainable urban design has appeared in different perspectives to minimize and reduce the negative impacts of urban expansion in terms of climatic and environmental drawbacks. One of the undeniable approaches of sustainable urban design is the adoption of green urban roofs. Green roofs are seen to have a substantial role in addressing and resolving environmental issues in the context of climate change. Research investigations have indicated that green roofs have a remarkable impact on decreasing rainwater runoff, reducing the heat island effect in urban spaces, and increasing biodiversity. Nevertheless, green roofs in urban spaces as a competent alternative to nature remains a standing question. To what extent can green roofs mimic the biodiversity that is seen in nature? Moreover, to what level is this approach practical for achieving a tangible reconnection with nature, or so-called biophilia? This study attempts to discuss the essence and impact of green roofs in ...

Erich Fromm coined the terminology of Biophilia in his book The Heart of Man. Hence, the concept was interpreted and established by Edward O. Wilson. It was described as human passionate of life and promoting well-being through natural elements. Throughout the years, the researchers show shreds of evidence of the positive benefits of nature interaction into human's life towards sustainable built environments. Biophilic is the terminology concept of design by integrating nature and natural elements, materials, and form in the built environment. The underpinnings theoretical frameworks are human experiences and the need for nature (Biophilia) through design principles and approaches (biophilic design) in the city built environment (urban design). This review paper will focus on the concept of Biophilia and biophilic by these two scholars, including Stephen Kellert and Elizabeth Calabrese that search through upon creating sustainable cities and restorative environment. The results ...

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Indonesia is one of the countries that will enter the era of demographic bonus. The demographic bonus is that the productive age population's growth is more significant than the structure of the unproductive age population. Meanwhile, Indonesia is still experiencing difficulties in one of the health problems often experienced by adolescents, namely mental health. Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province, which has the 8th largest depression sufferer. A design approach that can answer this question is biophilic design. Biophilic design is a design approach based on biophilia, which is intended to create a space that can improve the well-being of human life physically and mentally by approaching the positive relationship between humans and nature. The Mental Health Center design method uses qualitative research methods, which will go through several processes that aim to identify the biophilic design and compare it to the interior design facility standards.

Work-related stress and consequent poor performance of workers require diligent application of innovative strategies on construction sites to achieve a viable labor resource. Humankind’s desire for contact with nature serves an important adaptive function, in the form of psychological restoration that heals mental fatigue and the lack of motivation in the construction workforce. An underlying practical challenge is hereby offered in the “greening of the construction site”, or the biophilic design concept, as a relevant aspect of construction management and planning. The question explored includes the nature of the biophilic construction site model (BCSM), and the specific design of workplaces to include “dynamic healing gardens” tailored to the project, environment, and construction processes. The methodology surveys, compares, and analyzes construction sites in South Africa with or without the BCSM. Findings indicate that workers actually achieve restoration and rejuvenation in a n...

When discussing the role of nature in architecture, reference is often made either to its uses in solving energy consumption problems, or to its formal and functional repertoire for architectural design. However, the rapidly expanding built environment is replacing the natural environment; dwelling places supposedly reserved for biodiversity within the city, are disappearing – along with the presence of vegetation – which leads to a negative impact on the quality of human life. The present paper aims to bring to the table a discussion as to how to consider flora and fauna as inhabitants of architecture at the building scale, and to approach a conversation where these two elements – flora and fauna – are more than a utility, without any intention of anthropomorphizing them, where human beings and nature are equal partners, without a dominance of one as opposed to the other. At the same time, this paper focuses on the effects on the quality of life of the human being when entering int...

This study examined the relationship between children's time spent outdoors, nature connection, and environmental stewardship. It was hypothesized that time spent outdoors predicted a feeling of connection to nature, and that connection to nature, in turn, influenced environmental stewardship. A total of 218 fifth-grade students from central Pennsylvania participated in the study. method was used to establish mediation using ordinary least squares regression. It was found that nature connection partially mediated the direct effect of time spent outdoors on environmental stewardship and increased the amount of variance explained. In other words, a feeling of connection to nature explained a portion of the effect that time spent outdoors has on environmental stewardship behaviors. Future studies that examine predictors of nature connection, including direct experience with nature, environmental education programs, and underlying personality characteristics, are warranted.

That we need daily contact with nature to be healthy, productive individuals, and indeed have co-evolved with nature, is a critical insight of Harvard myrmecologist and conservationist E.O. Wilson. Wilson popularised the term biophilia two decades ago to describe the extent to which humans need connection with nature and other forms of life. More specifically, Wilson describes it this way: “Biophilia...is the innately emotional affiliation of human beings to other living organisms. Innate means hereditary and hence part of ultimate human nature.”1

The concept of sustainable urban design has appeared in different perspectives to minimize and reduce the negative impacts of urban expansion in terms of climatic and environmental drawbacks. One of the undeniable approaches of sustainable urban design is the adoption of green urban roofs. Green roofs are seen to have a substantial role in addressing and resolving environmental issues in the context of climate change. Research investigations have indicated that green roofs have a remarkable impact on decreasing rainwater runoff, reducing the heat island effect in urban spaces, and increasing biodiversity. Nevertheless, green roofs in urban spaces as a competent alternative to nature remains a standing question. To what extent can green roofs mimic the biodiversity that is seen in nature? Moreover, to what level is this approach practical for achieving a tangible reconnection with nature, or so-called biophilia? This study attempts to discuss the essence and impact of green roofs in ...

This article was first posted on our website on November 9, 2008. An earlier version of the article was published in the November 2008 issue of Collage: Resources for Early Childhood Educators. ... NURTURING CHILDREN'S BIOPHILIA: DEVELOPMENTALLY ...

Child-Friendly Cities were conceived as a means to integrate children's rights into city decision-making and governance. Participatory research about child-friendly cities consistently finds overarching themes across ages and regions: children desire access to services, nature, and play; freedom from physical danger; and opportunities for inclusion within the city. This article explores a two-year visioning and participatory design process that engaged approximately 225 young people, aged 4-16, in the planning and design of a prominent public space in the City of Boulder. While participatory research with children has received much attention in the academic literature, much less attention has been given to what can be achieved through sustained integration of children into municipal planning processes, particularly in the USA. This paper thus moves children's participation beyond rhetoric and into the challenging reality of planning a city with children as a valued constituent.

Child Friendly Cities were conceived as a means to integrate children’s rights into city decision-making and governance. Participatory research about child friendly cities consistently finds overarching themes across ages and regions: children desire access to services, nature, and play; freedom from physical danger; and opportunities for inclusion within the city. This article explores a two-year visioning and participatory design process that engaged approximately 225 young people, aged 4-16, in the planning and design of a prominent public space in the City of Boulder. While participatory research with children has received much attention in the academic literature, much less attention has been given to what can be achieved through sustained integration of children into municipal planning processes, particularly in the United States. This paper thus moves children’s participation beyond rhetoric and into the challenging reality of planning a city with children as a valued constit...

Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 places obligations on States to provide opportunities for children to express their opinions and to have these opinions be taken seriously in matters that affect their lives. While many studies from around the world have shown that children and youth can meaningfully participate to inform a wide range of issues, wide-scale implementation of children’s participation and thus the realization of children’s rights, is still not widely achieved. In the context of planning for urban resilience, three cities in three diverse nations approached integration of children and youth into resilience planning, with varying success. While each city was able to support children’s voicing of perspectives facilitators also struggled with how to authentically integrate youth voices into a new realm of planning—for urban resilience. This article thus shares the approaches and objectives from each city and reflects on what can...