Bioactive Components

Helminth infections continue to pose significant challenges to both human and veterinary health, particularly in regions where access to modern anthelmintics is limited and resistance to synthetic drugs is increasing. Traditional medicinal plants offer a promising alternative owing to their diverse bioactive compounds. The present study focused on phytochemical screening of Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) seeds and Lansium parasiticum (Langsat) fruit extracts using ethanol as a solvent and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for compound identification. Extraction yields were found to be relatively low with ethanol, recording 1.9% for T. ammi and 2.26% for L. parasiticum. GC-MS profiling of T. ammi revealed the presence of key compounds including oleic acid (32.62%), linoleic acid (19.33%), thymol (12.98%), and palmitic acid (9.40%), along with minor constituents such as lupeol, squalene, and stigmasterol, all of which are known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and potential anthelmintic activities. Similarly, L. parasiticum extracts demonstrated a rich chemical profile, dominated by 1-heptadec-1-ynyl-cyclohexanol (36.55%), 7-tetradecenal (26.87%), and palmitic acid (14.19%), along with stearic acid, spiro derivatives, and sterols such as gamma-sitosterol. Many of these compounds have been reported to exhibit pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial properties. The findings highlight the chemical diversity of these two plants and support their traditional use in ethnomedicine as potential sources of novel anthelmintics. While further biological assays are needed to confirm their therapeutic efficacy, this study provides a phytochemical basis for considering T. ammi and L. parasiticum as promising candidates for developing plant-based, multi-targeted interventions against helminthic infections.

Golden Apple Snail (P. canaliculata) is an invasive species that poses a significant threat to rice fields cultivation areas. Efforts are still noticeable to find effective organic pest control that can mitigate and eradicate the invasion and infestation in the rice fields in the Philippines at the same time minimizing damage to the environment. Thus, this research evaluated the efficacy of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) root extract to the molluscicidal activity of P. canaliculata. The P. canaliculata was acclimated for 3 days, then exposed to different treatment concentrations (10%, 20% and 30% AME, aqueous moringa concentration). Mortality rates as well as qualitative observations were recorded in three trials and three replicates to determine the impact of different AME concentrations on the samples. The P. canaliculata revealed it tentacles, radula and siphons, as well as released sticky mucus upon exposure to the treatments. The mortality rate was also recorded. ANOVA analysis confirmed that there were significant differences between AME concentrations, and Tukey HSD tests highlighted distinct variations among treatment groups. The highest AME concentration (30%) proved most effective in reducing snail populations, which means that increased concentration correlates with heightened efficacy. The findings suggest AMEs potential as an eco-friendly approach for managing P. canaliculate in rice fields.

Golden Apple Snail (P. canaliculata) is an invasive species that poses a significant threat to rice fields cultivation areas. Efforts are still noticeable to find effective organic pest control that can mitigate and eradicate the invasion and infestation in the rice fields in the Philippines at the same time minimizing damage to the environment. Thus, this research evaluated the efficacy of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) root extract to the molluscicidal activity of P. canaliculata. The P. canaliculata was acclimated for 3 days, then exposed to different treatment concentrations (10%, 20% and 30% AME, aqueous moringa concentration). Mortality rates as well as qualitative observations were recorded in three trials and three replicates to determine the impact of different AME concentrations on the samples. The P. canaliculata revealed it tentacles, radula and siphons, as well as released sticky mucus upon exposure to the treatments. The mortality rate was also recorded. ANOVA analysis confirmed that there were significant differences between AME concentrations, and Tukey HSD tests highlighted distinct variations among treatment groups. The highest AME concentration (30%) proved most effective in reducing snail populations, which means that increased concentration correlates with heightened efficacy. The findings suggest AMEs potential as an eco-friendly approach for managing P. canaliculate in rice fields.

Inula japonica belongs to the family Asteraceae, and its flowers have been used as dietary supplements and health tea in China. The study aimed to identify the bioactive components with the antiproliferative property. Ten 1, 10-seco-eudesmanolide derivatives, including 4 new compounds (14), were isolated from the flowers of I. japonica. Their structures were established based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data and ECD calculations. All of these isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Compound 4 possessed the most potent effect with the IC50 values of 0.20 ± 0.04 and 6.22 ± 1.30 μM against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. The present investigation indicated that eudesmanolide derivatives from the flowers of I. japonica, especially 4, might be used as potential antitumor chemotherapy agent candidates.

Pomacea canaliculata, also referred as the golden apple production. Its rapid proliferation, secretion of contaminants like eggs and slime, and aggressive feeding habits have driven the search for safe, toxic-free alternatives to conventio gained attention for its potential as a natural pesticide. This study aimed to assess the molluscicidal activity of ethanolic extract of M. calabura (ELEMC). Snail biossay was performed varying concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 mg/L for 48 h. Mortality rates were recorded every 12h. Results showed that concentrations from 800 mg/L (T4) to 1000 mg/L (T5) were comparable to the analysis revealed that the LC50 was at 870.96 mg/L. A very high positive correlation (r=0.8358) was also observed between the concentration and mortality. Histopathological analysis of gills of ELEMC gills showing vacuolization, complete loss of cilia, degenerated columnar cells, reduced hemocyte quantity, splitting and degeneration of gill filaments. The molluscicidal activity of the extract may be accounted for from the prese phytochemicals as revealed from literature. In conclusion, the ELEMC could be a potential source of molluscicide against P. analiculata.

Mushrooms have been used extensively, owing to their nutritional and medicinal value, for thousands of years. This study designed for the determine of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of two edible mushrooms Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P.Kumm. and Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer. Antioxidant activity was detected method by DPHH free radical scavenging. M.procera extract had more potent free radical scavenging activity than A.mellea extract (IC50: 0.191, 1.19 mg/mL). The concent of the components with antioxidant properties, such as total phenols,β-caratone and lycopene were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Finally, the antimicrobial potential was determined with a agar well diffusion method on 14 microorganisms. A. mellea methanol extract formed against to Klebsiella pneumaniae ATCC 13883, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923,10±1 mm inhibition zone diameter. M.procera methanol extract formed against to Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumaniae ATCC 13883, 9±1 mm inhibition zone diameter. This research has shown that these two edible mushrooms have potential as natural antioxidants.

Background: Epidemiological studies show inverse relationship between intake of wholegrain cereals and several chronic diseases. Components and mechanisms behind possible protective effects of wholegrain cereals are poorly understood. Objective: To characterise commercial rye bran preparations, compared to wheat bran, regarding structure and content of nutrients as well as a number of presumably bioactive compounds. Design: Six different rye brans from Sweden, Denmark and Finland were analysed and compared with two wheat brans regarding colour, particle size distribution, microscopic structures and chemical composition including proximal components, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. Results: Rye brans were generally greener in colour and smaller in particle size than wheat brans. The rye brans varied considerably in their starch content (13.2Á28.3%), which reflected variable inclusion of the starchy endosperm. Although rye and wheat brans contained comparable levels of total dietary fibre, they differed in the relative proportions of fibre components (i.e. arabinoxylan, b-glucan, cellulose, fructan and Klason lignin). Generally, rye brans contained less cellulose and more b-glucan and fructan than wheat brans. Within small variations, the rye and wheat brans were comparable regarding the contents of tocopherols/ tocotrienols, total folate, sterols/stanols, phenolic acids and lignans. Rye bran had less glycine betaine and more alkylresorcinols than wheat brans. Conclusions: The observed variation in the chemical composition of industrially produced rye brans calls for the need of standardisation of this commodity, especially when used as a functional ingredient in foods.

Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.

The bioactive compounds in Vernonia amygdalina leaf were extracted using ethanol through Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques. The phytochemical analysis was carried out on the ethanolic extracts using the standard techniques. This analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, phenols, saponins, and the absence of anthraquinones. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis results revealed the presence of more phytochemicals in the extract obtained through MAE compared to Soxhlet extraction technique, whereby phytol was present in a higher percentage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of phytochemicals in the extracts. Moreover, the IC 50 values of the extracts antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. There exists a clear correlation between total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Therefore, this study suggested that higher phenolic compounds responsible for natural antioxidant could be obtained from V. amygdalina leaf using the microwave-assisted extraction technique.

The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (L) is one of the most pervasive pests in rice farms in the Philippines. Synthetic molluscicidal formulations are one of the most widely used pest control methods. However, this affected the non-target organisms and the environment adversely. Thus, there is a need to find a viable alternative in the form of a plant-based pesticide that is commonly available and less costly. The garlic Allium sativum (L.) and the makabuhay plant Tinospora crispa (L.) are widely known for medicinal purposes. According to studies, these plants' bioactive components can also be a potential pesticide for snails in lowland rice fields. Thus, this study sought to determine whether a singly or binary combination of these fermented plants' extracts could demonstrate the molluscicidal effect in P. canaliculata. The mortality rate of P. canaliculata after applying different extracts in varying concentrations within 24-hour exposure time was collected and tested using ANOVA. Among the various extracts and concentrations tested, 60 percent of the garlic and makabuhay individual plant fermented extract were the most effective, with the highest mortality recorded for golden apple snails.

Mushrooms are well-known functional foods due to the presence of a huge quantity of nutraceutical components. These are well recognized for their nutritional importance such as high protein, low fat, and low energy contents. These are rich in minerals such as iron, phosphorus, as well as in vitamins like riboflavin, thiamine, ergosterol, niacin, and ascorbic acid. They also contain bioactive constituents like secondary metabolites (terpenoids, acids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polyphenolic compounds, lactones, sterols, nucleotide analogues, vitamins, and metal chelating agents) and polysaccharides chiefly β-glucans and glycoproteins. Due to the occurrence of biologically active substances, mushrooms can serve as hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and hypocholesterolemic agents. They have great potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases due to their low fat and high fiber contents, as well as being foremost sources of natural antioxidants useful in redu...

Background: Woodfordia fruticosa is used traditionally as antidysenteric compound for fodder animals. Stem and flower extracts are previously flourished for their antibacterial activity. Leaves are also equally important, which are preliminary screened for their bioactive components in present study. Objective: Evaluation of antibacterial activity of leaves of W. fruticosa and detection of their active compound. Methods: Different solvent i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, diethyl ether and acetone extracts were studied against four bacterial strains using disc diffusion assay. Most potenz extract was chromatogram on preparative TLC. Further individual separated spots were back checked for their activity. Probable constituents of most active fraction were detected on GC-MS. Results: All four extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. The acetone extract showed highest inhibition against Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2921. The 80µg and 120 µg of acetone extract exhibit comparable antimicrobial activity against the four different bacteria studied. Amongst the four different spots on TLC chromatogram three of them had activity against B. subtilis NCIM 2921. The most active fraction was collected by preparative TLC and used for GC-MS, which exhibited two peaks. Conclusion: Extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform, diethyl ether and acetone were found to be effective against all the srains studied. The fraction of acetone extract, which is more active, constitutes two different compounds, in which both or one of them is responsible for antibacterial activity.

Aim of study is to evaluate the impact of a new food (L3P=Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia) produced in our laboratory on growth of Wistar rats. To do this, conduct of rats with dietary trials were performed. In this setting, two groups of 36 rats were fed for 28 days with two types of food. One consists of granules (Control Faci®) and the other, a new food (L3P). A measurement of some zootechnical parameters during the experiment combining with a determination of blood parameters was carried out. Results of study were indicated that rats with the new food were presented an increase of body mass compared to control food. In addition, significant differences were reported between rats of all ages. Haematological parameters rates such as platelet, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte were significantly increased in young rats. In addition, for all of determined biochemical parameters in our study, only transaminases, total protein, and potassium of rats were indicated significant differences between groups of rats according their age. Results were revealed a significant nutritional effect of the new food in comparison with the control food Faci®.

Background: Epidemiological studies show inverse relationship between intake of wholegrain cereals and several chronic diseases. Components and mechanisms behind possible protective effects of wholegrain cereals are poorly understood. Objective: To characterise commercial rye bran preparations, compared to wheat bran, regarding structure and content of nutrients as well as a number of presumably bioactive compounds. Design: Six different rye brans from Sweden, Denmark and Finland were analysed and compared with two wheat brans regarding colour, particle size distribution, microscopic structures and chemical composition including proximal components, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. Results: Rye brans were generally greener in colour and smaller in particle size than wheat brans. The rye brans varied considerably in their starch content (13.2Á28.3%), which reflected variable inclusion of the starchy endosperm. Although rye and wheat brans contained comparable levels of total dietary fibre, they differed in the relative proportions of fibre components (i.e. arabinoxylan, b-glucan, cellulose, fructan and Klason lignin). Generally, rye brans contained less cellulose and more b-glucan and fructan than wheat brans. Within small variations, the rye and wheat brans were comparable regarding the contents of tocopherols/ tocotrienols, total folate, sterols/stanols, phenolic acids and lignans. Rye bran had less glycine betaine and more alkylresorcinols than wheat brans. Conclusions: The observed variation in the chemical composition of industrially produced rye brans calls for the need of standardisation of this commodity, especially when used as a functional ingredient in foods.

Some natural products, known sources of bioactive compounds with a wide range of properties, may have therapeutic values in human health and diseases, as well as agronomic applications. The effect of three compounds of plant origin with well-known dietary antioxidant properties, astaxanthin (ATX), caffeic acid (CA) and hydroxytyrosol (HT), on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larval adiposity and rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) adipocytes was assessed. The zebrafish obesogenic test (ZOT) demonstrated the anti-obesogenic activity of CA and HT. These compounds were able to counteract the obesogenic effect produced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone (RGZ). CA and HT suppressed RGZ-increased PPARγ protein expression and lipid accumulation in primary-cultured rainbow trout adipocytes. HT also significantly reduced plasma triacylglycerol concentrations, as well as mRNA levels of the fasn adipogenic gene in the adipose tissue of HT-injected rainbow trout. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo approaches demonstrated the anti-obesogenic potential of CA and HT on teleost fish models that may be relevant for studying their molecular mode of action. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect of these bioactive components as food supplements for modulating adiposity in farmed fish.

Giloy is popularly known as Tinospora cordifolia. Therefore, the aims of present study were to conduct phytochemical screening of giloy stem powder and to evaluate the sensory properties and proximate composition of GSP incorporated sweet balls with control sweet balls. Ethanolic and water extracts were found to have the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phytosterols, saponins, resins and tannins. GSP incorporated sweet balls were prepared using nine different blends of RBGF:

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women worldwide. Many women rely on plants as alternatives to prevent/treat cancer. Anthonotha macrophylla (Ceasalpiniaceae) is one of this ethnomedicinal plant used to cure cancer in Cameroon. This study was therefore undertaken to bring scientific evidence to this claim. The in vitro cytotoxicity of A. macrophylla aqueous extract was evaluated using resazurin reduction assay in five tumors and two non-tumor cell lines. Moreover, the chemopreventive potential of A. macrophylla aqueous extract was evaluated on 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer in rats. The research focused on the incidence, burden, volume and histological analysis of breast tumors. In vitro, A. macrophylla extract exhibited cytotoxic effect in all tested cell lines with a CC 50~2 79 and 132 μg/mL in human (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and rodent breast cancer cells, respectively after 24 h. In vivo, the untreated DMBA-rats presented 100% of tumor incidence, while no tumor was detected in normal rats. Interestingly, a seven-month oral administration of A. macrophylla extract at the doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg BW resulted in a significant decrease of tumor incidence (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05), burden (70.01% and 53.28%) and volume (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) compared to DMBA rats. The presence of polyphenols in the aqueous extract of Anthonotha macrophylla, as well as its antiradical properties, may account for its antitumor effects. These results therefore support the traditional use of Anthonotha macrophylla against breast cancer. Keywords Anthonotha macrophylla. Breast cancer cell. Cytotoxicity. DMBA. Resazurin assay Abbreviation AM Anthonotha macrophylla AI Atherogenic index BW Body weight CC 50 Cytotoxic concentration for 50% of the cells DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium

Anodendron paniculatumis a rare woody liana or large climber and it belongs to Apocynaceae family. The current investigation was performed to detect prominent phytochemical groups and preparean outline of the distinct bioactive principles occur in the methanolic bark essence of the plant Anodendron paniculatum with the help of qualitative phytochemical analysis and further subjected to Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method to reveal thepharmacological scope of the plant. The analysis conducted qualitativelyin the plant revealed the existence of different phytochemical groups such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, carbohydrates, glycosides, proteins and amino acids. The methanolic extract when subjected to GC-MS analysis confessed the presence of 16 bioactive compounds. These compounds were detected on comparison of their time of retention and peak area with that from literature and by interpreting the mass spectra.Some of the major specific bioactive compounds detected in the study include 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose, γ-Sitosterol, n-Hexadecenoic acid, stigmasterol, squalene, campesterol etc. The analysis indicates A. paniculatum may be a good plant source for therapeutic industry.

Due to the lack of conventional therapies and the severe side effects of chemotherapy, cancer is a major public health concern across the world. After cardiac disorder, it is the second leading cause of death globally. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been utilized to cure a variety of diseases. Natural products play an essential role in the battle against cancer and serve as a useful access source for the development and testing of novel therapeutic agents. The discovery and development of anticancer drugs can be aided by medicinal plants which contain various bioactive secondary phytochemicals viz. Alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites. The therapeutic plants and their bioactive constituents exerted anticancer effects by induction of apoptosis, removing free radicals and antioxidant effects, inhibition of angiogenesis, and cell cycle arrest. This review explains an overview of potential therapeutic plants, including a brief description of their pharmacological effect and mechanism of action. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

DThis research work is dedicated to Almighty Allah for seeing me through. Then to my parents Alhaji Mohammad Mainasara and Hajiya Zainab Muhammad Mainasara for their untiring support, advice, inspiration, and prayers which guided me towards this triumph, I am very proud of them and may Almighty Allah (S.W.T) reward them abundantly. And also devoted to my family and my relatives (siblings, uncles, and aunties) for their prayers and their tireless support, I appreciate it.

Objective: This review focused on Malaysian medicinal plants that have been evaluated and pose potentials to treat breast cancer.Methods: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Biomed, ResearchGate, academia.edu, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Ingenta databases were searched for this review and studies reported between January 1st, 2010 and June 30th, 2016.Results: A total of 105 plants species representing 54 different families and 79 genera were reviewed. 97% of the plants were tested using MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines and exhibited most significant in vitro anticancer activity, and 3% were tested using another type of breast cancer cell lines. Most of the bioactive compounds of the medicinal plants that exhibited good activity (IC50 values &lt;120 μg/mL) are a group of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Induction of apoptosis was found to be the significant cell death pathway.Conclusion: This article reviews the available literature ...

Background Possible mechanisms behind the association of breastfeeding with a lower risk of later obesity are unknown but one possibility is the unique composition of human milk. Here, we systematically reviewed the evidence linking breast-milk macronutrient and hormonal composition with later obesity. Methods We searched 7 databases for studies that included infants predominantly breast-fed for the first 3 months and which analysed associations between a measure of breast-milk composition and later (&gt; 6 months) measures of obesity or body composition. Results 47 publications were identified for full-text screening, of which 10 were eligible and only 3 found significant associations. Higher leptin concentration in breast milk at age 1 month was associated with lower infant BMI at 12, 18 and 24 months of age (1 study). Higher breast-milk adiponectin concentration at 6 weeks and 4 months were associated with adiposity at age 12 and 24 months (1 study). In 1 study, breast-milk carbo...

Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.

Present study was designed to determine the presence of various phytoconstituents in methanolic extract of leaves of the plant Abutilon pannosum by preliminary phytochemical screening and to identify possible specific compounds with their concentration through GC-MS analysis. Methanolic extract of leaves of Abutilon pannosum was prepared and analyzed qualitatively for presence or absence of various phytoconstituents such as carbohydrates, protein, alkaloid, steroid, phenol, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids etc. furthermore GC-MS analysis was performed for identification of phytocomponents. Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Abutilon pannosum by common methods revealed presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenoids, glycosides etc. GC-MS analysis revealed presence of various phytocompounds most of them have reported to have medicinal utility like n-Hexadicanoic acid, Phytol, Vitamin E, Lupeol, 2,3 Dihydrobenzofuran, Stigmasterol, Ergost-5-en-3-ol,(3.beta.,24R),gamma-Sitosterol, Neophytadien, Naphthalene, Tocopherols such as alpha Tocospiro A and alpha Tocospiro B. Presence of various phytochemical compounds in the leaves of Abutilon pannosum justifies the medicinal use of the plant. The present study results could provide future insight of this plant to be useful in pharmaceutical industries for welfare of human being.

Indonesia has so many kind of benalu (mistletoe), one of them wich has potential anticancer activity is benalu mangga (Dendrophthoe petandra). This research aims to determine the profile of anticancer activity of benalu mangga leaves extract from several locations in Indonesia against T47D cell line using invitro technique. The profile of anticancer activity can be used as one of the Requirement developed to be fitofarmaka. The separation of the active compound from leaves mistletoe mango do with ultrasonic maseration extraction method using a solvent of ethanol 96%. Each extract derived from 5 locations i.e. Kediri East Java, Pekalongan Central Java, Denpasar Bali, Lampung Sumatra and Bulungan Kalimantan at test level of toxicity against the cell line T47D breast cancer by MTT method Assay. Test statistic one way analysis of variance (Anova) with software SPSS version 16.0 used assess whether there is a difference significantly anticancer activity (IC50) leaf extract mistletoe mang...

Background: Epidemiological studies show inverse relationship between intake of wholegrain cereals and several chronic diseases. Components and mechanisms behind possible protective effects of wholegrain cereals are poorly understood. Objective: To characterise commercial rye bran preparations, compared to wheat bran, regarding structure and content of nutrients as well as a number of presumably bioactive compounds. Design: Six different rye brans from Sweden, Denmark and Finland were analysed and compared with two wheat brans regarding colour, particle size distribution, microscopic structures and chemical composition including proximal components, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. Results: Rye brans were generally greener in colour and smaller in particle size than wheat brans. The rye brans varied considerably in their starch content (13.2Á28.3%), which reflected variable inclusion of the starchy endosperm. Although rye and wheat brans contained comparable levels of total dietary fibre, they differed in the relative proportions of fibre components (i.e. arabinoxylan, b-glucan, cellulose, fructan and Klason lignin). Generally, rye brans contained less cellulose and more b-glucan and fructan than wheat brans. Within small variations, the rye and wheat brans were comparable regarding the contents of tocopherols/ tocotrienols, total folate, sterols/stanols, phenolic acids and lignans. Rye bran had less glycine betaine and more alkylresorcinols than wheat brans. Conclusions: The observed variation in the chemical composition of industrially produced rye brans calls for the need of standardisation of this commodity, especially when used as a functional ingredient in foods.

Reishi Za Ganodermu Lucidum pečurku ili "Reishi",japanski naziv, se zna, po pisanim tragovima, da je lekovitaposlednjih 4.000 godina. Stari Kinezi su obožavali. Bolujete li, bez obzira od čega, Kinezi će vam preporučiti "Ling Zhi", što na kineskom znači "sveta pečurka"! Zvali su je i "drvetom života", kao i "biljkom dugovečnosti". Vekovi korišćenja doneli su joj još niz imena: "nebeska" ili "rajska trava", "lek kraljeva", "biljka sreće" (pre pojave moderne intenzivne proizvodnje, nju je bilo prava sreća pronaći u prirodi i-plaćala se u zlatu onoliko koliko je teška kada se pripremi, tj. osuši i usitni)... No, ma kako je zvali, reč je o pečurci iz porodice Ganoderma koja raste na panjevima drveća, a najcenjenije su one ubrane sa šljive i hrasta. Doktor Shi-Jean Lee, najslavniji doktor dinastije Ming u svojoj knjizi "Ban Chao Gang Moo", piše da trajno uzimanje

The interest in high homogenization pressure technology has grown over the years. It is a green technology with low energy consumption, not generating high CO2 emissions or polluting effluents. The main food applications derive from its effect on particle size, causing a more homogeneous distribution of fluid elements (particles, globules, droplets, aggregates, etc.) and favouring the release of intracellular components; and its effect on the structure and configuration of chemical components such as polyphenols and macromolecules such as carbohydrates (fibres) and proteins (also microorganisms and enzymes). The challenges of the 21st century lead food industry processing towards obtaining food with high nutritional quality and taking advantage of waste to obtain ingredients with specific properties. For this purpose, soft and non-thermal technologies such as high pressures homogenization have a huge potential. The objective of this work is to review how the need to combine safety, ...

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de un suplemento alimenticio a base de insumos naturales y componentes bioactivos de especies vegetales sobre el comportamiento sexual. Es una investigación experimental, prospectiva y longitudinal. Para el ensayo se utilizó 150 ratas albinas: 75 hembras y 75 machos de raza Holtzmann de 12 semanas de edad, con un peso promedio de 200 a 250 g. (machos) y de 150 – 200 g. (hembras). Se evaluaron dos productos: Uno que contenía el extracto de las raíces de siete especies vegetales a dosis de 200 y 400mg/kg y Dos que contenía el producto uno más harina de castaña y Sacha inchi a dosis de 830mg/kg. El ensayo se realizó por 10 semanas y las evaluaciones se ejecutaron a la octava, novena y décima semanas (días 1, 7 y 14 respectivamente). Asimismo, se realizó la evaluación de los parámetros bioquímicos, hematológicos, testosterona y antígeno prostático-específico (PSA). Los productos Uno a dosis de 400mg/kg y Dos a dosis de 830mg/kg...

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a tropical plant that belongs to the Meliaceae family. It has an antifertility effect that could be developed for a male contraceptive candidate. This study evaluated the phytochemicals characteristics of neem leaf ethanolic extracts from Kajhu and Limpok in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh, Indonesia, through phytochemicals screening, FTIR, and GCMS analysis. The result showed the differences of active compounds of neem leaves ethanolic extract from Kajhu and Limpok. Neem leaves ethanolic extract from Kajhu have more active compounds than from Limpok area, which contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids. The main compound neem leaves ethanol extract in Kajhu is linolenic acid, while hexadecanoic acid is found in Limpok. Its active compounds serve as an antifertility agent that could disrupt gonadotropin hormone and spermatogenesis.

Fermented dairy products are obtained from fermentation of milk, through the action of suitable and harmless microorganisms. In addition to lactic acid bacteria, fermented dairy products have bioactive compounds as well as bacteria derived metabolites produced during fermentation. Fermented dairy products, due to their special characteristics, are an excellent matrix for the incorporation of ingredients and/or nutrients that give the final product properties beyond purely nutritional, making them true functional foods, interesting in a healthy diet. This review is focused on existing scientific evidence regarding the consumption of fermented dairy products and their health benefits, principally hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, bone, hypotensive effects and immunological benefits, such as effects on the hostś intestine and microbiome, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulation and antiallergenic effects. This review has extensively assessed the fermented dairy products which could be used as possible nutraceutical agents in food and health industries.

There is an increasing demand for natural antioxidant molecules in order to replace the synthetic additives in the food industry. Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (Gmelin) Silva was analyzed to determine its bioactive components including; the total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity (lipid and water-soluble), vitamins (A, E and C), total protein and total carbohydrate content. In addition, the bioactive components of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris were compared with some plants and seaweeds having antioxidant capacity. This study showed that Gracilaria bursa-pastoris contained a high total phenolic content, vitamin E, vitamin C and the antioxidant capacity. Gracilaria bursa-pastoris can be utilized as a source of natural antioxidant molecules and could be useful for food industry.

Crocus sativus L. is known in herbal medicine for the various pharmacological effects of its components, but no data are found in literature about its biological properties toward Helicobacter pylori, Plasmodium spp. and Leishmania spp. In this work, the potential antibacterial and anti-parasitic effects of crocin and safranal, two important bioactive components in C. sativus, were explored, and also some semi-synthetic derivatives of safranal were tested in order to establish which modifications in the chemical structure could improve the biological activity. According to our promising results, we virtually screened our compounds by means of molecular modeling studies against the main H. pylori enzymes in order to unravel their putative mechanism of action.

Physical forms are the first impression by which the individuals are differentiated from each other in any organism and when it is applied with plants, phytomorphology comes to existence. Amid the various species of plants, somatic and sexual variations have been in core to make separate recognition. Sexual characters come to pompous position in case of diocious plants and Guduchi is one of them. They exhibit differences with physical forms in case of all parts as in aerial and underground viz., stem, leaf, aerial and underground roots etc. Veination is looped in leaves of male plants while it being incomplete in leaves of female plants, which becomes the characters to identify them separatly e. g. terminal marginal veination is looped in male plant unlike the female leaves where it is incomplete.

Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.

Objective: This review focused on Malaysian medicinal plants that have been evaluated and pose potentials to treat breast cancer.Methods: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Biomed, ResearchGate, academia.edu, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Ingenta databases were searched for this review and studies reported between January 1st, 2010 and June 30th, 2016.Results: A total of 105 plants species representing 54 different families and 79 genera were reviewed. 97% of the plants were tested using MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines and exhibited most significant in vitro anticancer activity, and 3% were tested using another type of breast cancer cell lines. Most of the bioactive compounds of the medicinal plants that exhibited good activity (IC50 values &lt;120 μg/mL) are a group of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Induction of apoptosis was found to be the significant cell death pathway.Conclusion: This article reviews the available literature ...

U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća, prilikom razvoja nove hrane, veliki naglasak stavlja se na njezine fiziološke funkcije. Gljive su idealan primjer funkcionalne hrane. Niske su kalorijske vrijednosti, ali su bogat izvor nutrijenata zbog velikog udjela proteina, hlapljivih ulja, karotenoida, fenolnih spojeva, flavonoida te vitamina poput vitamina B1, B2, B3, C, D i vlakana. Uz to, ekstraktima gljiva pripisuju se brojni zdravstveni učinci među kojima je prvenstveno jačanje imunološkog sustava. Bioaktivni spojevi iz ekstrakta imaju antikancerogena, antiupalna, hipoglikemijska, antimikrobna, antioksidacijska, imunomodulacijska, antivirusna, hepatoprotektivna, antineurodegenerativna, antiangiogena i hipokolesterolemična svojstva. Stoga, kako bismo dobili bolji uvid u neiskorišten potencijal gljiva, ovaj rad predstavljat će kratki pregled istraživanja nutritivnih, mineralnih i bioaktivnih sastojaka gljivaIn the last few decades, during the development of new foods, great emphasis has bee...

Algae are abundant sources of bioactive components with extensive therapeutic properties, receiving much interest in recent years. The research on marine brown algae, namely one of its polysaccharide-fucoidan, has increased exponentially. Fucoidan is a sulfated cell-wall polysaccharide with several reported biological properties including anticancer, antivirus, anticoagulant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, fucoidan was functionalized by grafting methacrylic groups in the chain backbone, photocrosslinkable under visible light to obtain biodegradable structures for tissue engineering. The functionalization reaction was carried out by concentrations (8 and 12%) of methacrylic anhydride (MA). The modified fucoidan (MFu) was characterized by FTIR and 1 HNMR spectroscopy to confirm the functionalization. Further, modified fucoidan was photocrosslinked under visible light and using superhydrophobic surfaces, to obtain spherical particles with controlled geometries benefiting from the high repellence of the surfaces. When using higher concentrations of MA, the particles were observed to exhibit a smaller average diameter. Moreover, the behaviour of L929 mouse fibroblast-like cells was evaluated when cultured in contact with photocrosslinked particles was investigated, being observed up to 14 days in culture. The photocrosslinking of MFu under visible light enables thus the formation of particles here suggested as potentially relevant in a wide range of biomedical applications.

Pistacia vera L. is the only species of Pistacia genus producing edible nuts. This paper investigates the antioxidant potential of a Sicilian variety of pistachio nut by chemical as well as biological assays and measured antioxidant vitamins and a number of antioxidant polyphenols in either the hydrophilic and/or the lipophilic nut extract. In accordance with the majority of foods, the total antioxidant activity, measured as a TAA test, was much higher (50-fold) in the hydrophilic than in the lipophilic extract. Substantial amounts of total phenols were measured. The hydrophilic extract inhibited dosedependently both the metal-dependent and-independent lipid oxidation of bovine liver microsomes, and the Cu+2-induced oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Peroxyl radical-scavenging as well as chelating activity of nut components may be suggested to explain the observed inhibition patterns. Among tocopherols, γ-tocopherol was the only vitamin E isomer found in the lipophilic extract that did not contain any carotenoid. Vitamin C was found only in a modest amount. The hydrophilic extract was a source of polyphenol compounds among which trans-resveratrol, proanthocyanidins, and a remarkable amount of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, 3.68 and 3.40 mg per 100 g of edible nut, respectively, were evaluated. With the exception of isoflavones that appeared unmodified, the amounts of other bioactive molecules were remarkably reduced in the pistachio nut after roasting, and the total antioxidant activity decreased by about 60%. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that the Sicilian pistachio nut may be considered for its bioactive components and can effectively contribute to a healthy status.

Objective: This review focused on Malaysian medicinal plants that have been evaluated and pose potentials to treat breast cancer.Methods: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Biomed, ResearchGate, academia.edu, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Ingenta databases were searched for this review and studies reported between January 1st, 2010 and June 30th, 2016.Results: A total of 105 plants species representing 54 different families and 79 genera were reviewed. 97% of the plants were tested using MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cell lines and exhibited most significant in vitro anticancer activity, and 3% were tested using another type of breast cancer cell lines. Most of the bioactive compounds of the medicinal plants that exhibited good activity (IC50 values &lt;120 μg/mL) are a group of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Induction of apoptosis was found to be the significant cell death pathway.Conclusion: This article reviews the available literature ...

Inula japonica belongs to the family Asteraceae, and its flowers have been used as dietary supplements and health tea in China. The study aimed to identify the bioactive components with the antiproliferative property. Ten 1, 10-seco-eudesmanolide derivatives, including 4 new compounds (14), were isolated from the flowers of I. japonica. Their structures were established based on the interpretation of spectroscopic data and ECD calculations. All of these isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Compound 4 possessed the most potent effect with the IC50 values of 0.20 ± 0.04 and 6.22 ± 1.30 μM against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. The present investigation indicated that eudesmanolide derivatives from the flowers of I. japonica, especially 4, might be used as potential antitumor chemotherapy agent candidates.

This review highlights relevant studies published between 2015 and 2017 on human milk composition and the association with infant growth. High-quality studies investigating how human milk composition is related to infant growth are sparse. Recent observational studies show that human milk concentrations of protein, fat, and carbohydrate likely have important influence on infant growth and body composition. Furthermore, some observational studies examining human milk oligosaccharides and hormone concentrations suggest functional relevance to infant growth. For human milk micronutrient concentrations and microbiota content, and other bioactive components in human milk, the association with infant growth is still speculative and needs further investigation. The included studies in this review are all limited in their methodological design and methods but have interesting potential in understanding infant growth. Available evidence on human milk composition in relation to infant growth ...

There is an increasing demand for natural antioxidant molecules in order to replace the synthetic additives in the food industry. Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (Gmelin) Silva was analyzed to determine its bioactive components including; the total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity (lipid and water-soluble), vitamins (A, E and C), total protein and total carbohydrate content. In addition, the bioactive components of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris were compared with some plants and seaweeds having antioxidant capacity. This study showed that Gracilaria bursa-pastoris contained a high total phenolic content, vitamin E, vitamin C and the antioxidant capacity. Gracilaria bursa-pastoris can be utilized as a source of natural antioxidant molecules and could be useful for food industry.

The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana plant was studied to find the phytochemical compounds using GCMS analysis. The result of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 compounds. Among the 12 compounds, the most abundant were 2-Ethyl-1-hexene with 39.21 peak area %, RT 22.698 and molecular formula C8H16 ; n-Haxadecanoic acid or plamitic acid with 20.92 peak area %, RT:20.92 and molecular formula C16H32O2 and Butane 1,4-diol with 11.58%peak area RT:8.358 and molecular formula of C4H10O2.which demonstrated various medicinal potentials. Therefore the ethanolic leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana contain pharmacologically useful active phytochemicals which have effect on progesterone receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, androgen and estrogen receptors with a mild antioxidant and atherosclerotic activity thus could play vital roles in health care programs.

Algae are abundant sources of bioactive components with extensive therapeutic properties, receiving much interest in recent years. The research on marine brown algae, namely one of its polysaccharide-fucoidan, has increased exponentially. Fucoidan is a sulfated cell-wall polysaccharide with several reported biological properties including anticancer, antivirus, anticoagulant, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, fucoidan was functionalized by grafting methacrylic groups in the chain backbone, photocrosslinkable under visible light to obtain biodegradable structures for tissue engineering. The functionalization reaction was carried out by concentrations (8 and 12%) of methacrylic anhydride (MA). The modified fucoidan (MFu) was characterized by FTIR and 1 HNMR spectroscopy to confirm the functionalization. Further, modified fucoidan was photocrosslinked under visible light and using superhydrophobic surfaces, to obtain spherical particles with controlled geometries benefiting from the high repellence of the surfaces. When using higher concentrations of MA, the particles were observed to exhibit a smaller average diameter. Moreover, the behaviour of L929 mouse fibroblast-like cells was evaluated when cultured in contact with photocrosslinked particles was investigated, being observed up to 14 days in culture. The photocrosslinking of MFu under visible light enables thus the formation of particles here suggested as potentially relevant in a wide range of biomedical applications.

Background: Prevention or tumor resistance regards as one of the main strategies that focus on nonprogression of the disease, reduction of the body&#39;s reaction to the pathogen and also one of the main factors that this research was made to study them. Methods: Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats received a single medical dosage of 7,12-dimethylbenz [a]anthracene (DMBA) intragastrically. After fourteen days of DMBA admission, the procedure protocol started out. By the end of the experiment (6 months), apoptosis, 8-OHdG, ErbB-2, plasma Estrogen, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants were determined. Finally, all the experimental results assessed, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: It demonstrated a significant reduction in each of apoptosis and lipid peroxide in all prevention groups compared to injected animals&#39; control. Alternatively, the results demonstrated an extremely significant elevation in each of 8-OHdG and Estrogen in every prevention groups. ErbB-2 results d...

Andrographis paniculata L. (L.). belonging to Acanthaceae family is a widely used medicinal plant. This plant is known to possess anti-microbial, cytotoxicity, anti-protozoan, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, immunostimulant, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, anti-angiogenic, hepato-renal protective, sex hormone/sexual function modulation, liver enzymes modulation and insecticidal properties. The present study is aimed to find out the phytochemical evaluation of Andrographis paniculata whole plant using qualitative tests, FTIR and GC-MS. The phytochemical tests for different active principles revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Phytol was detected as a major ingredient in GC-MS analysis.

Chlorophytum genus has been extensively studied due to its diverse biological activities. We evaluated the methanolic extract of leaves of Chlorophytum comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques, the species that is less studied compared to C. borivilianum. The aim was to identify phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum and biological properties of its different fractions. Water fraction was analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Nineteen compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified in the methanolic extract of leaves of C. comosum (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques. In addition to several fatty acids, isoprenoid and steroid compounds were found among the most abundant constituents. One of the identified compounds, 4′-methylphenyl-1C-sulfonyl-β-d-galactoside, was not detected earlier in Chlorophytum extracts. The water fraction was toxic to HeLa cells but not to Vero cells. Our da...