Automobile Parts and Equipment

Actualmente la diabetes mellitus es un problema de salud pública mundial. En este trabajo, se proponen estrategias de control para mantener los niveles de glucosa en sangre de pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 en los rangos ideales en pro de la salud del paciente y su calidad de vida. La primera estrategia propone una retroalimentación de estados con restricciones de positividad, que en términos médicos representa la eliminación de episodios de hipoglucemia durante períodos prolongados de ayuno. Posteriormente, se realiza una extensión para lograr el rechazo de las perturbaciones por ingesta de alimentos, mediante el acoplamiento de un control proporcional, integral y derivativo. La segunda estrategia es un control predictivo con entrada impulsiva y regulación hacia una zona objetivo. Finalmente, el desempeño de las estrategias es evaluado en 50 pacientes virtuales extraídos de la literatura y en el Simulador UVa / Padova aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration de EEUU.

A comparative analysis is being performed of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine. A new 1.6 L, 4cylinder petrol engine was converted to the computer incorporated bi-fuel system which operated with either gasoline or CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon mono-oxide, oxygen and carbon dioxides) were measured over a range of speed variations at 50% and 80% throttle positions through a computer based data acquisition and control system. Comparative analysis of the experimental results showed 19.25% and 10.86% reduction in brake power and 15.96% and 14.68% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at 50% and 80% throttle positions respectively while the engine was fueled with CNG compared to that with the gasoline. Whereas, the retrofitted engine produced 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency and 24.21% higher exhaust gas temperature at 80% throttle had produced an average of 40.84% higher NO x emission over the speed range of 1500e5500 rpm at 80% throttle. Other emission contents (unburnt HC, CO, O 2 and CO 2) were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.

Actualmente la diabetes mellitus es un problema de salud pública mundial. En este trabajo, se proponen estrategias de control para mantener los niveles de glucosa en sangre de pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 en los rangos ideales en pro de la salud del paciente y su calidad de vida. La primera estrategia propone una retroalimentación de estados con restricciones de positividad, que en términos médicos representa la eliminación de episodios de hipoglucemia durante períodos prolongados de ayuno. Posteriormente, se realiza una extensión para lograr el rechazo de las perturbaciones por ingesta de alimentos, mediante el acoplamiento de un control proporcional, integral y derivativo. La segunda estrategia es un control predictivo con entrada impulsiva y regulación hacia una zona objetivo. Finalmente, el desempeño de las estrategias es evaluado en 50 pacientes virtuales extraídos de la literatura y en el Simulador UVa / Padova aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration de EEUU.

A comparative analysis is being performed of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine. A new 1.6 L, 4cylinder petrol engine was converted to the computer incorporated bi-fuel system which operated with either gasoline or CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon mono-oxide, oxygen and carbon dioxides) were measured over a range of speed variations at 50% and 80% throttle positions through a computer based data acquisition and control system. Comparative analysis of the experimental results showed 19.25% and 10.86% reduction in brake power and 15.96% and 14.68% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at 50% and 80% throttle positions respectively while the engine was fueled with CNG compared to that with the gasoline. Whereas, the retrofitted engine produced 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency and 24.21% higher exhaust gas temperature at 80% throttle had produced an average of 40.84% higher NO x emission over the speed range of 1500e5500 rpm at 80% throttle. Other emission contents (unburnt HC, CO, O 2 and CO 2) were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.

Vehicle related crashes causing neck injuries (whiplash) are costly and common, and injury statistic data shows a larger risk of neck injuries for females than for males. This study aims at investigating differences between female and male dynamic response in rear impacts. Rear impact sled tests with female volunteers were carried out and the results were compared with previously performed tests with males in matching test conditions. The volunteer tests were performed at a change of velocity of 7 km/h. The comparison of the average response of the males and the females and their response corridors showed several differences. The horizontal head acceleration peak value was on average 40% higher and occurred on average 18% earlier for the female volunteers compared to the male volunteers. The NIC value was 45% lower and 30% earlier for the females, probably due to a 27% smaller initial head-to-head restraint distance and thereby a 24% earlier head restraint contact. The results provide characteristic differences between dynamic responses of females and males in low speed rear impacts. These results contribute to the understanding of human dynamic response in rear impacts. In addition, they can be used in the process of future development if numerical and/or mechanical human models for crash testing.

In this paper, short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (SCF/PP) composites were prepared with melt blending and hot-pressing techniques. The tensile properties, flexural properties, hardness, and work of fracture (WOF) of this composite were investigated.Thermal stability of the composite was studied via the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the mechanical properties of this composite were compared to mechanical properties of steel car bonnet in order to choose for car bonnet application. The properties of the composite prepared by 10% SCF/PP is comparable with the properties of carbon steel.

A comparative analysis is being performed of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine. A new 1.6 L, 4cylinder petrol engine was converted to the computer incorporated bi-fuel system which operated with either gasoline or CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon mono-oxide, oxygen and carbon dioxides) were measured over a range of speed variations at 50% and 80% throttle positions through a computer based data acquisition and control system. Comparative analysis of the experimental results showed 19.25% and 10.86% reduction in brake power and 15.96% and 14.68% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at 50% and 80% throttle positions respectively while the engine was fueled with CNG compared to that with the gasoline. Whereas, the retrofitted engine produced 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency and 24.21% higher exhaust gas temperature at 80% throttle had produced an average of 40.84% higher NO x emission over the speed range of 1500e5500 rpm at 80% throttle. Other emission contents (unburnt HC, CO, O 2 and CO 2) were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of steering control devices for disabled people on passive safety. It is based on the advances made in the modelling and simulation of the driver position and in the suit verification test. The influence of these devices is studied through airbag deployment and/or its influence on driver safety. We characterize the different adaptations that are used in adapted cars that can be found mounted in vehicles in order to generating models that are verified by experimental test. A three dimensional design software package was used to develop the model. The simulations were generated using a dynamic simulation program employing LSDYNA finite elements. This program plots the geometry and assigns materials. The airbag is shaped, meshed and folded just as it is mounted in current vehicles. The thermodynamic model of expansion of gases is assigned and the contact interfaces are defined. Static tests were carried out on deployment of the airbag to contrast with and to validate the computational models and to measure the behaviour of the airbag when there are steering adaptations mounted in the vehicle.

A comparative analysis is being performed of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine. A new 1.6 L, 4cylinder petrol engine was converted to the computer incorporated bi-fuel system which operated with either gasoline or CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon mono-oxide, oxygen and carbon dioxides) were measured over a range of speed variations at 50% and 80% throttle positions through a computer based data acquisition and control system. Comparative analysis of the experimental results showed 19.25% and 10.86% reduction in brake power and 15.96% and 14.68% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at 50% and 80% throttle positions respectively while the engine was fueled with CNG compared to that with the gasoline. Whereas, the retrofitted engine produced 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency and 24.21% higher exhaust gas temperature at 80% throttle had produced an average of 40.84% higher NO x emission over the speed range of 1500e5500 rpm at 80% throttle. Other emission contents (unburnt HC, CO, O 2 and CO 2) were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.

A comparative analysis is being performed of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine. A new 1.6 L, 4cylinder petrol engine was converted to the computer incorporated bi-fuel system which operated with either gasoline or CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon mono-oxide, oxygen and carbon dioxides) were measured over a range of speed variations at 50% and 80% throttle positions through a computer based data acquisition and control system. Comparative analysis of the experimental results showed 19.25% and 10.86% reduction in brake power and 15.96% and 14.68% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at 50% and 80% throttle positions respectively while the engine was fueled with CNG compared to that with the gasoline. Whereas, the retrofitted engine produced 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency and 24.21% higher exhaust gas temperature at 80% throttle had produced an average of 40.84% higher NO x emission over the speed range of 1500e5500 rpm at 80% throttle. Other emission contents (unburnt HC, CO, O 2 and CO 2) were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.

A comparative analysis is being performed of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine. A new 1.6 L, 4cylinder petrol engine was converted to the computer incorporated bi-fuel system which operated with either gasoline or CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon mono-oxide, oxygen and carbon dioxides) were measured over a range of speed variations at 50% and 80% throttle positions through a computer based data acquisition and control system. Comparative analysis of the experimental results showed 19.25% and 10.86% reduction in brake power and 15.96% and 14.68% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at 50% and 80% throttle positions respectively while the engine was fueled with CNG compared to that with the gasoline. Whereas, the retrofitted engine produced 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency and 24.21% higher exhaust gas temperature at 80% throttle had produced an average of 40.84% higher NO x emission over the speed range of 1500e5500 rpm at 80% throttle. Other emission contents (unburnt HC, CO, O 2 and CO 2 ) were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.

This paper presents experimental results carried out to evaluate the brake power, specific fuel consumption (SFC) and exhaust gas emissions when running on an unmodified diesel engine with fuel additive blended biodiesel. The multi-functional fuel additive was added (in mass basis) with B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% ordinary diesel fuel) in a special manner to increase engine brake power. For comparisons three fuels were tested in this investigation which are (1) B20X where X is the percentage of fuel additive, (2) B20 and (3) BO (0% biodiesel and 100% ordinary diesel fuel). The stationary engine test bed used consists of a multi-cylinder diesel engine, eddy current dynamometer with computer control data acquisition system and exhaust emissions analyzer. The exhaust emissions such as CO, HC, and NOx were measured using exhaust gas analyzer. It is found that B20X produces higher performance (brake power) with reduction in exhaust emissions and fuel consumption as compared to B20 and BO fuels. Fuel "B20X" could be a 'breakthrough' and the real solution as an alternative fuel for existing unmodified diesel engine. Detail results including B20X fuel's physicochemical properties are presented with discussions. © 2006 IEEE.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx5/4107286/4107287/04107322.pdf?tp=&arnumber=4107322&isnumber=4107287

A comparative analysis is being performed of the engine performance and exhaust emission on a gasoline and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine. A new 1.6 L, 4-cylinder petrol engine was converted to the computer incorporated bi-fuel system which operated with either gasoline or CNG using an electronically controlled solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (unburnt hydrocarbon, carbon mono-oxide, oxygen and carbon dioxides) were measured over a range of speed variations at 50% and 80% throttle positions through a computer based data acquisition and control system. Comparative analysis of the experimental results showed 19.25% and 10.86% reduction in brake power and 15.96% and 14.68% reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at 50% and 80% throttle positions respectively while the engine was fueled with CNG compared to that with the gasoline. Whereas, the retrofitted engine produced 1.6% higher brake thermal efficiency and 24.21% higher exhaust gas temperature at 80% throttle had produced an average of 40.84% higher NOx emission over the speed range of 1500-5500 rpm at 80% throttle. Other emission contents (unburnt HC, CO, O2 and CO2) were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431110002437 
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1359431110002437/1-s2.0-S1359431110002437-main.pdf?_tid=1a2da2fc-a9c6-11e3-a078-00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1394615586_c3395bbca2783bcf8dfbf32c53867536