A fuzzy logic control (FLC)

This research investigates the effectiveness of three Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms-Incremental Conductance (IC), Perturb and Observe (P&O), and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)-in optimizing power output in grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems. Each algorithm was tested under varying environmental conditions, focusing on performance in terms of energy extraction, stability, and adaptability to fluctuating irradiance and temperature. Results indicate that FLC offers superior performance, exhibiting reduced power fluctuations and faster responsiveness to environmental changes compared to IC and P&O. These insights contribute to enhancing PV system efficiency and reliability in modern power grids.

This paper presents a method for liquid level stabilization using a fuzzy logic algorithm implemented on the PLC S7-1200. Maintaining liquid levels accurately is a critical requirement in various industrial processes to ensure safety, efficiency, and consistent product quality. The proposed approach employs fuzzy logic to manage the inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties in the system, providing robust control performance under varying operating conditions. The fuzzy controller is designed with rules and membership functions tailored to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level system. The control logic is programmed and deployed on the Siemens PLC S7-1200, a widely used industrial automation device. Experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy logic controller effectively stabilizes the liquid level, achieving better performance compared to traditional PID controllers in terms of response time, overshoot, and steady-state error. This study highlights the potential of integrating fuzzy logic with PLCs for advanced industrial automation applications..

Abstract: ABSTRACT: Objective- To design a simple cost effective and efficient method for a water supply system employing a brushless DC motor, fed with renewable source of energy(solar energy) from solar photovoltaic array and to obtain maximum power output from SPV array using maximum power point tracking(MPPT),employing zeta converter. Design / Methodology/ Approach- Performance evaluation of proposed SPV array-fed BLDC motor-driven water pump employing a zeta converter is carried out using simulated results. The proposed system is designed, modeled, and simulated considering the random and instant variations in solar irradiance level and its suitability is demonstrated by testing the starting, steady state, and dynamic behaviour. Findings- The SPV array-zeta converter-fed VSI–BLDC motor-pump has been proposed and its suitability has been demonstrated through simulated results and experimental validation. Practical implications- We can implement this system in Rural area irrigati...

Modeling wind energy conversion systems is a difficult task that requires the use of a unified language gathering all aspect of energies involved such as kinetic energy, mechanical energy, and electrical energy. Bond Graph methodology is an appropriate tool to analyze wind turbine dynamic behavior since the whole system is modelled in the same frame. Herein, a methodology for HAWT's rotor modeling is proposed based on Bond Graph, aerodynamic laws and Rayleigh Beam theory. It takes into consideration the profile, chord, and twist change along the blade. The model is validated using 20-Sim software and then compared to other models from literature. Simulation results show a better value of power coefficient in comparison with works using the same tools.

Wind Energy is one of the potential renewable energies that could contribute towards the needs of electricity in residential houses. Wind Power Plants are pollution free so that it could address the environmental issue and the availability of renewable energy sources, hence this research supports the programs of the local government. Padang to be the shed of the renewable energy. The purpose of this research is to make a low capacity (micro) wind turbine which could help on supplying the electricity and could operate in areas with low wind speeds and can be set up on the houses' roofs. The methodology that is used to reach the purpose is an experimental method with steps consist of gathering wind data on the field, wind turbine design, the election of materials, manufacturing of the materials, and test of the tools. Padang city in West Sumatera is a city with low wind velocity, around 2-7 m/s, therefore the appropriate type of wind turbine is the Savonius type because it could spin in low wind velocity with the starting speed could happen on the velocity of 2m/s and very simple construction. The design that is made is 2 Savonius blades with overlap construction between both blade, the purpose is to utilize the reverse wind pressure from one blade to another and vice versa to increase the spin of the rotor. The Savonius is planned to be 4 stories. The materials that are used for turbine blade is aluminium and hollow axis type. The generator that is used is Panasonic 400 Watt permanent magnetic generator that could generate power on low rotation (150rpm); To enhance the rotation that reaches the generator, belt, and pulley transmission system is used with transmission comparison of 5: 1. Thus, bearing type that is used is a ball bearing. From the test result, the maximum power of 7,7 Watt is obtained with the rotor rotation of 340 rpm and wind velocity of 5,68m/s and Cp 0.3.

The aim of our study is to project an optimized wind turbine of Darrieus type. This type of wind turbine is characterized by a low starting torque in comparison with the Savonius rotor allowing them to operate for a period greater than wind speed. This led us to reconsider the Darrieus rotor to optimize a design which will increase its starting torque. The study of a system of monitoring and control of the angle of attack of blade profile, which allows an auto start to wind speeds as low as possible is presented for the straight blade of Darrieus turbine. The study continues to extend to other configurations namely those of parabolic type.

This paper proposes a zeta converter fed by photovoltaic array as input power source for effective control of BLDC motor. A zeta converter is a fourth order dc-dc converter capable of amplifying and reducing the input voltage levels without inverting the polarities. The ZETA converter for Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is preferred due to the advantages of soft starting, continuous output International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 114 No. 8 2017, 81-91 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu

Now a day's solar energy is more essential in our day to day life. For every country power demand is increasing. This paper proposed perturbs and observes (P&O) method in MPPT for PV array BLDC drive for cooling application. A buck step down converter is used in conjunction with the arduino for proper control to execute MPPT. While equal voltages, as well as power variation, are measured in algorithm, then it allows the superior performance of MPPT in driving motor BLDC. The performance will not be affected even under dynamic conditions due to designing and modeling of the proposed system like the MPPT algorithm for BLDC motor drive, PV array fed air condition.

The aim of this research work is to modulate the pitch angle of both types of wind turbines based on fuzzy logic control (FLC), as changes in the pitch angle have various functions in horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. For HAWT, pitch angle control is applied to shield the electrical components of the turbine when the wind speed exceeds the rated speed without shutting down the turbine. FLC is used to control the angular velocity using two inputs and one output with three membership functions for both inputs and output. In VAWT, pitch angle control is applied to boost the performance of the turbine and its self-starting torque. FLC utilizes two inputs and one output with five membership functions for both inputs and output. For both turbine types, FLC produces a control signal that drives the actuator to achieve the desired pitch angle. The dynamics of HAWT and VAWT are simulated by the MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the influence of pitch controls on their dynamics. For HA...

We apply a Triangular Fuzzy Model (TFM) for assessing students' problem solving skills. The TFM is a variation of a special form of the Centre of Gravity (COG) defuzzification technique that we have used in earlier papers for assessing students' performance in several mathematical tasks. The main idea of the TFM is the replacement of the rectangles appearing in the graph of the COG technique by isosceles triangles sharing common parts. In this way we cover the ambiguous cases of students' scores being in the limits between two successive grades (e.g. between A and B). A classroom experiment is also presented illustrating our results in practice.

In an earlier work we have used the Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs)as an assessment tool of student skills.This approach led to an approximate linguistic characterization of the students' overall performance, but it was not proved to be sufficient in all cases for comparing the performance of two different student groups, since tywo TFNs are not always comparable. In the present paper we complete the above fuzzy assessment approach by presenting a defuzzification method of TFNS based on the Center of Gravity (COG) technique, which enables the required comparison. In addition we extend our results by using the Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers (TpFNs) too, which are a generalization of the TFNs, for student assessment and we present suitable examples illustrating our new results in practice.

A new fuzzy method is developed using triangular/trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for evaluating a group's mean performance, when qualitative grades instead of numerical scores are used for assessing its members' individual performance. Also, a new technique is developed for solving Linear Programming problems with fuzzy coefficients and everyday life applications are presented to illustrate our results.

In this paper we use the Triangular and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers as tools for assessing student Mathematical Modelling (MM) skills. Fuzzy Numbers play a fundamental role in fuzzy mathematics analogous to the role played by the ordinary numbers in classical mathematics, On the other hand, MM appears today as a dynamic tool for teaching and learning mathematics, because it connects mathematics with our everyday life giving the possibility to students to understand its usefulness in practice thus increasing their interest about mathematics. Therefore the subject of the present paper appears to be of great interest. Our results are illustrated by three examkples, through which the effectiveness of our new fuzzy assessment approach is validated compared to already established by the present authors in earlier works assessment methods of the classical (calculation of the means, GPA index) and the fuzzy logic (Trapezoidal Model).

Fuzzy logic due to its nature of characterizing each case with multiple values offers is a rich field of resources covering the assessment of situations characterized by a degree of fuzziness and/or uncertainty. In this paper, we present two different fuzzy assessment models: The Centre of Gravity (COG) model and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Assessment Model (TRFAM). The last one is a new model covering the ambiguous cases being at the boundaries between two successive assessment intervals. An application (students' assessment) is also presented, through which the above methods are compared to each other and also with two traditional assessment methods based on principles of bivalent logic (the calculation of means and of the GPA index). Some useful conclusions are drawn about the characteristics of the above fuzzy assessment models.

Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is the process of solving problems by properly adapting the solutions of similar (analogous) problems solved in the past. As an Artificial Intelligence's method CBR has become recently very popular to information managers increasing the effectiveness and reducing the cost of various human activities by substantially automated processes, such as diagnosis, scheduling, design, etc. In this paper a combination is utilized of the Centre of Gravity defuzzification technique and of the Fuzzy Numbers for assessing the effectiveness of CBR systems. Our new fuzzy assessment approach is validated by comparing its outcomes in our applications with the corresponding outcomes of two traditional assessment methods, the calculation of the mean values and the GPA index.

Introduction 1.1. Decision Making Decision Making (DM) is the process of choosing a solution between two or more alternatives, aiming to achieve the best possible results for a given problem. Obviously the above process has sense if, and only if, there exist more than one feasible solutions and a suitable criterion that helps the decision-maker (d-m) to choose the best among these solutions. We recall that a solution is characterized as feasible, if it satisfies all the restrictions imposed onto the real system by the statement of the problem as well as all the natural restrictions imposed onto the problem by the real system; e.g. if x denotes the quantity of stock of a product, it must be x  0. The choice of the suitable criterion, especially when the results of DM are affected by random events, depends upon the d-m"s desired goals; e.g. optimistic or conservative criterion, etc. The rapid technological progress , the impressive development of the transport means, the globalization of the modern society, the enormous changes happened to the local and international economies and other similar reasons led during the last 50-60 years to a continuously increasing complexity of our everyday life. As a result the DM process became in many cases a very difficult task, which is not possible to be based on the d-m"s experience, intuition and skills only, as it usually happened in the past. Thus, from the beginning of the 1950's a progressive development started of a systematic methodology for the DM process, which is based on Probability Theory, Statistics, Economics, Psychology, etc and it is known as Statistical Decision Theory ([1], etc). According to the nowadays existing standards the DM process involves the following steps:  d 1 : Analysis of the decision-problem, i.e. understanding, simplifying and reformulating the problem in a way permitting the application of the principles of DM on it.  d 2 : Collection and interpretation of all the necessary information related to the problem.  d 3 : Determination of all the alternative feasible solutions.  d 4 : Choice of the best solution in terms of a suitable (according to the d-m"s goals and targets) criterion. One could add one more step to the DM process, the verification (checking the creditability) of the chosen decision according to the results obtained by applying it in practice. However, this step is extended to areas, which, due to their depth and importance for the administrative rationalism, have become autonomous. Therefore, the step of verification is usually examined separately from the other steps of the DM process. Notice that the first three steps of the DM process presented above are continuous in the sense that the completion of each one of them usually needs some time, during which the d-m's reasoning is characterized by transitions between hierarchically neighbouring steps. The flow-diagram of the DM process is represented in Figure 1 below: Figure-1. The flow-diagram of the DM process d 1  d 2  d 3  d 4

The assessment of a system’s performance is a very important task, enabling its designer/user to correct its weaknesses and make it more effective. Frequently, in practice, a system’s assessment is performed under fuzzy conditions, e.g., using qualitative instead of numerical grades, incomplete information about its function, etc. The present review summarizes the author’s research on building assessment models for use in a fuzzy environment. Those models include the measurement of a fuzzy system’s uncertainty, the application of the center of gravity defuzzification technique, the use of triangular fuzzy or grey numbers as assessment tools, and the application of the fuzzy relation equations. Examples are provided of assessing human (students and athletes) and machine (case-based reasoning systems in computers) capacities, illustrating our results. The outcomes of those examples are compared to the outcomes of the traditional methods of calculating the mean value of scores assigned...

In the present paper we develop an improved version of the Triangular Fuzzy Model (TFM) for verifying the creditability of a chosen decision. The TFM is a variation of a special form of the Centre of Gravity (COG) defuzzification technique, which we have used in earlier papers as an assessment method in several human activities. The main idea of the TFM is the replacement of the rectangles appearing in the graph of the membership function of the COG method by isosceles triangles sharing common parts. In this way we cover the ambiguous cases of individuals" scores being at the limits between two successive categories. A real application is also presented illustrating our results in practice, in which the outcomes of the TFM are compared with those of the COG technique and of other traditional methods (calculation of means and GPA index).

Fuzzy logic, which is based on fuzzy sets theory introduced by Zadeh in 1965, provides a rich and meaningful addition to standard logic. The applications which may be generated from or adapted to fuzzy logic are wide-ranging and provide the opportunity for modeling under conditions which are imprecisely defined. In this article we develop a fuzzy model for assessing student groups' knowledge and skills. In this model the students' characteristics under assessment (knowledge of the subject matter, problem solving skills and analogical reasoning abilities) are represented as fuzzy subsets of a set of linguistic labels characterizing their performance, and the possibilities of all student profiles are calculated. In this way, a detailed quantitative/qualitative study of the students' group performance is obtained. The centroid method and the group's total possibilistic uncertainty are used as defuzzification methods in converting our fuzzy outputs to a crisp number. According to the centroid method, the coordinates of the center of gravity of the graph of the membership function involved provide a measure of the students' performance. Techniques of assessing the individual students' abilities are also studied and examples are presented to illustrate the use of our results in practice.

We apply the Triangular Fuzzy Assessment Model (TFAM) for analogical reasoning skills assessment. The TFAM is a new original model based on the Centre of Gravity (COG) defuzzification technique, which we have properly adapted and used in earlier papers as an assessment method of several human activities. The main idea of the TFAM is the replacement of the rectangles appearing in the graph of the COG technique by isosceles triangles sharing common parts. In this way, we can treat better the ambiguous cases of scores being at the boundaries between two successive linguistic characterizations (grades) of the level of the individuals' performance. An application is also presented illustrating our results in practice, where the TFAM is compared with two traditional assessment methods (calculation of the means and of the GPA index) based on principles of the bivalent logic (yesno).

In the present paper we use principles of fuzzy logic to develop a general model representing several processes in a system's operation characterized by a degree of vagueness and/or uncertainty. For this, the main stages of the corresponding process are represented as fuzzy subsets of a set of linguistic labels characterizing the system's performance at each stage. We also introduce three alternative measures of a fuzzy system's effectiveness connected to our general model. These measures include the system's total possibilistic uncertainty, the Shannon's entropy properly modified for use in a fuzzy environment and the "centroid" method in which the coordinates of the center of mass of the graph of the membership function involved provide an alternative measure of the system's performance. The advantages and disadvantages of the above measures are discussed and a combined use of them is suggested for achieving a worthy of credit mathematical analysis of the corresponding situation. An application is also developed for the Mathematical Modelling process illustrating the use of our results in practice.

Fuzzy logic due to its nature of characterizing each case with multiple values offers a rich field of resources covering the assessment of situations characterized by a degree of vagueness and/or uncertainty. In this paper, we apply a new trapezoidal fuzzy assessment model (TRFAM) for measuring students' mathematical modeling (MM) skills. TRFAM is actually a variation of the commonly used in fuzzy logic centre of gravity (COG) defuzzification technique, which we have properly adapted and utilized in earlier papers as an assessment model. Our COG and TRFAM models focus on students' quality performance by assigning greater coefficients to the higher scores. A classroom experiment is also presented, illustrating our results in practice. Through this experiment the above two models are compared to each other and also with two traditional assessment methods based on principles of bivalent logic (the calculation of means and of the GPA index) and some useful conclusions are drawn.

Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), which provides a foundation for a new technology of intelligent computer systems that can solve problems and adapt to new situations, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. In the present paper we give a fuzzy representation of a CBR system and we use the total possibilistic uncertainty as a measure of its effectiveness in solving new related problems. Examples are also given to illustrate our results.

The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration. They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance, simple in installation, zero fuel cost, longer operating life, highly reliable and free from production of greenhouse gases. In this paper we analyzed the different topologies of DC-DC converter in terms of their operating region of MPPT, quality of input and output currents. We discussed the MPPT algorithms to address partial shading effects in SPV array, present state of the technology, factors affecting the performance of the system, efficiency improvements and identified the research gaps. Also, the economic feasibility analysis has been done for the real time scenario using the Homer Pro software. The estimation of total dynamic head and horse power calculation has been done to decide the total load capacity. The economic analysis results such as cumulative cash flow over project lifetime of 25 years are presented. It is observed that the capital investment requirement is $7,425 for installing Fronius PV system that has a nominal capacity of 2.47 kW and annualized savings will be $134.93. In the long-term perspective, the return on investment is −2.18% as per the present tariff plan. KEYWORDS DC-DC converter; economic feasibility analysis; MPPT; solar photo voltaic; solar pumps; water pumping system Nomenclature ABC Artificial Bee Colony ANN Artificial neural network AoI Angle of incidence (AoI) bgl Below ground level bhp Brake horsepower BLDC Brushless DC Gpm Gallons per minute IMD Induction motor drive This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.

The aim of this research work is to modulate the pitch angle of both types of wind turbines based on fuzzy logic control (FLC), as changes in the pitch angle have various functions in horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. For HAWT, pitch angle control is applied to shield the electrical components of the turbine when the wind speed exceeds the rated speed without shutting down the turbine. FLC is used to control the angular velocity using two inputs and one output with three membership functions for both inputs and output. In VAWT, pitch angle control is applied to boost the performance of the turbine and its self-starting torque. FLC utilizes two inputs and one output with five membership functions for both inputs and output. For both turbine types, FLC produces a control signal that drives the actuator to achieve the desired pitch angle. The dynamics of HAWT and VAWT are simulated by the MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the influence of pitch controls on their dynamics. For HA...

The aim of this research work is to modulate the pitch angle of both types of wind turbines based on fuzzy logic control (FLC), as changes in the pitch angle have various functions in horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. For HAWT, pitch angle control is applied to shield the electrical components of the turbine when the wind speed exceeds the rated speed without shutting down the turbine. FLC is used to control the angular velocity using two inputs and one output with three membership functions for both inputs and output. In VAWT, pitch angle control is applied to boost the performance of the turbine and its self-starting torque. FLC utilizes two inputs and one output with five membership functions for both inputs and output. For both turbine types, FLC produces a control signal that drives the actuator to achieve the desired pitch angle. The dynamics of HAWT and VAWT are simulated by the MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the influence of pitch controls on their dynamics. For HA...

Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is the process of solving problems by properly adapting the solutions of similar (analogous) problems solved in the past. As an Artificial Intelligence's method CBR has become recently very popular to information managers increasing the effectiveness and reducing the cost of various human activities by substantially automated processes, such as diagnosis, scheduling, design, etc. In this paper a combination is utilized of the Centre of Gravity defuzzification technique and of the Fuzzy Numbers for assessing the effectiveness of CBR systems. Our new fuzzy assessment approach is validated by comparing its outcomes in our applications with the corresponding outcomes of two traditional assessment methods, the calculation of the mean values and the GPA index.

Objective-This paper describes an attempt to streamline the execution of the Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) utilizing dynamic sharp edge pitch control. Methods/analysis-Aerodynamic model is chosen based on the surface profile and NACA 4-digit series was found to be the most suitable category under which NACA 0018 aerofoil design parameters have been chosen for the VAWT blade design, based on the previous research. The outline of wind turbine picked here is an H-sort Darrieus VAWT which deals with the lift drive of the wind. Findings-Active Pitch controlled VAWT with individual pitch control of each blade along with vertical roller bearings in the system is done to obtainmaximum coefficient of power harnessed from the wind turbine setup and increase the efficiency by 12.5%. Applications: The proposed design system is suitable for low wind speed areas which turbine is installed at lower heights.

Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping systems are becoming popular these days. In PV water pumping, the role of the converter is most important, especially in the renewable energy-based PV systems case. This study focuses on one such application. In this proposed work, direct current (DC) based intermediate DC-DC power converter, i.e., a modified LUO (M-LUO) converter is used to extricate the availability of power in the high range from the PV array. The M-LUO converter is controlled efficiently by utilizing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO)-based maximum power point tracking algorithm, which aids the smooth starting of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The voltage source inverter’s (VSI) fundamental switching frequency is achieved in the BLDC motor by electronic commutation. Hence, the occurrence of VSI losses due to a high switching frequency is eliminated. The GWO optimized algorithm is compared with the perturb and observe (P&O) and fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorit...

Photovoltaic (PV) water pumping systems are becoming popular these days. In PV water pumping, the role of the converter is most important, especially in the renewable energy-based PV systems case. This study focuses on one such application. In this proposed work, direct current (DC) based intermediate DC-DC power converter, i.e., a modified LUO (M-LUO) converter is used to extricate the availability of power in the high range from the PV array. The M-LUO converter is controlled efficiently by utilizing the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO)-based maximum power point tracking algorithm, which aids the smooth starting of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The voltage source inverter’s (VSI) fundamental switching frequency is achieved in the BLDC motor by electronic commutation. Hence, the occurrence of VSI losses due to a high switching frequency is eliminated. The GWO optimized algorithm is compared with the perturb and observe (P&O) and fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorit...

The requirement of electrical energy is increasing in domestic as well as industrial applications. To meet the necessity of energy more resources are needed and furthermore environmental health should be taken care of. Due to use of conventional sources such as petroleum and coal, environment is debasing. As electric energy is the most reliable source of energy, generation of electric energy by using natural or non-conventional resources such as wind and solar energy is necessary. For generating more and more energy these resources should be used in efficient and smart manner. For that purpose this paper proposes a review of using hybrid of solar tracker and vertical wind mill. Index Terms – Solar tracker, wind mill, LDR, Geared stepper motor, microcontroller.

Photovoltaic (PV) water-pumping systems have considerable cost-effective value in rural zones. Virtual flow rate (VFR) meter is a technique to measure the water flow rate through a water pump using a numerical method as a function of the pump head, motor power, and overall efficiency of the pump. VFR meter eliminates the need for rotor speed sensors in PV water pumping systems. In this paper, the virtual flow meter is proposed as a novel reference for improving maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms for PV water-pumping systems. VFR meter removes the expensive flow meter sensors, hence, reducing the overall costs of the system. The VFR will be represented as a new variable in the MPPT algorithm. By replacing the voltage with the instantaneous VFR, the system will operate based on the variation of the VFR meter measurements. Using the physical parameters of a submersible Brushless DC motor pump-based PV water-pumping system, a mathematical model is derived to obtain the input...

The aim of this research work is to modulate the pitch angle of both types of wind turbines based on fuzzy logic control (FLC), as changes in the pitch angle have various functions in horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. For HAWT, pitch angle control is applied to shield the electrical components of the turbine when the wind speed exceeds the rated speed without shutting down the turbine. FLC is used to control the angular velocity using two inputs and one output with three membership functions for both inputs and output. In VAWT, pitch angle control is applied to boost the performance of the turbine and its self-starting torque. FLC utilizes two inputs and one output with five membership functions for both inputs and output. For both turbine types, FLC produces a control signal that drives the actuator to achieve the desired pitch angle. The dynamics of HAWT and VAWT are simulated by the MATLAB/Simulink to demonstrate the influence of pitch controls on their dynamics. For HA...

This paper develops the solar photovoltaic array fed super lift luo converter for numerous solar pv based applications. In DC-DC conversions now various cutting-edge methods are available like Voltage-lift (VL), Super-lift(SL), and ultra-lift technique(UL). In this paper super lift technique is used, it is popular currently because of its simplicity and economic in nature. The super lift luo boost converter(SLLBC) with compact quantity of components and only one power semiconductor switch has many features of reducing ripples in output current ,voltage and it helps to get maximum power output. The selection and design of SPV array is such that it can operates in standard test conditions((STC) and maximum switch utilization of super lift luo boost converter is obtained which results in maximum power output, maximum efficiency improvement. The design analysis and simulation of the proposed system is done using MATLAB version 2014b

Pitch angle control of wind turbine has been used widely to reduce torque and output power variation in high rated wind speed areas. It is a challenge to maximize available energy in the low rated wind speed areas. In this paper, a wind turbine prototype with a pitch angle control based on fuzzy logic to maximize the output power is built and demonstrated. In the varying low rated wind speed of 4-6 m/s, the use of fuzzy logic controller can maximize the average output power of 14.5 watt compared to 14.0 watt at a fixed pitch angle of the blade. Implementation of pitch angle fuzzy logic-based control to the wind turbine is suitable for the low rated wind speed areas

The purpose of this project was to develop an innovative, small-scale, and portable vertical axis wind turbine for power generation. The wind turbine was simple in design and economical. Wind speeds ranging from 2.0ms-1 to 7.0ms-1 were tested on the proposed wind turbine. The experiments revealed that the turbine required a minimum wind speed of 3.9ms-1 to operate. According to the results, the proposed turbine achieved its maximum power output of 5.6W at a rotational speed of 65rpm when the wind speed was 7.0m/s. Additionally, voltage and current increased proportionately with increasing wind speed. The proposed system showed an average coefficient factor between 0.10 and 0.12. This portable wind turbine potentially revolutionizes industry while raising public awareness about clean and renewable energy.

This paper presents an analysis by which the dynamic performances of a permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor is controlled through a hysteresis current loop and an outer speed loop with different controllers. The dynamics of the photovoltaic pumping drive system with sliding mode speed controllers are presented. The proposed structure is comprised of a photovoltaic generator associated to a DC-DC converter controlled by fuzzy logic to ensure maximum power point tracking. The PWM signals are generated by the interaction of the motor speed closed-loop system and the current hysteresis. The motor reference current is compared with the motor speed feedback signal. The considered model has been implemented in the Matlab /Simpower environment. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in increasing the performance of the water pumping system.

The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration. They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance, simple in installation, zero fuel cost, longer operating life, highly reliable and free from production of greenhouse gases. In this paper we analyzed the different topologies of DC-DC converter in terms of their operating region of MPPT, quality of input and output currents. We discussed the MPPT algorithms to address partial shading effects in SPV array, present state of the technology, factors affecting the performance of the system, efficiency improvements and identified the research gaps. Also, the economic feasibility analysis has been done for the real time scenario using the Homer Pro software. The estimation of total dynamic head and horse power calculation has been done to decide the total load capacity. The economic analysis results such as cumulative cash flow over project lifetime of 25 years are presented. It is observed that the capital investment requirement is $7,425 for installing Fronius PV system that has a nominal capacity of 2.47 kW and annualized savings will be $134.93. In the long-term perspective, the return on investment is −2.18% as per the present tariff plan. KEYWORDS DC-DC converter; economic feasibility analysis; MPPT; solar photo voltaic; solar pumps; water pumping system Nomenclature ABC Artificial Bee Colony ANN Artificial neural network AoI Angle of incidence (AoI) bgl Below ground level bhp Brake horsepower BLDC Brushless DC Gpm Gallons per minute IMD Induction motor drive This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The simple access to the wind and the fact that it is a clean and sustainable source of energy, wind energy usage for power generation is gaining popularity in electrical power production. In this study, the effects of a mathematical model and its parameters on the electrical output power generated by a wind turbine were investigated. Temperature causes air density to move, causing wind speed to change, and power coefficient as a function of pitch angle and blade tip speed effect wind speed. Modeling and simulation tools will be crucial in the design and research of these wind turbines. In recent years, MATLAB-Simulink has become one of the most popular software applications. It features a graphical user interface that makes accessing, developing, building, and testing mathematical models a breeze. Controlling and testing new ideas and processes is a breeze with these tools. Wind turbine generators are the best illustration of these dynamic systems.

This paper present performance analysis of BLDC motor using LUO converter. The DC-DC LUO converter are given to inverter fed brushless DC motor. The luo converter is used for reducing the ripples in the output current and output voltage. The brushless DC motor operates in higher efficiency compared toAC induction motor and dc motor . the steady state and dynamic performance is analysed by using MATLAB. The simulated result and experimental validation are compared with the existing technique demonstrate prominence of proposed drive for photo voltaic based water pumping system

The increased importance of renewable sources in the field of automotive sector entails the use of solar photovoltaic (PV)-fed water pumping system driven by a brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive. To overcome the drawback associated with the conventional DC-DC converters, a zeta converter is employed to optimize the power processing. The maximum power is extracted from the solar array by controlling the duty cycle of zeta converter through particle swam optimization (PSO) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. To mitigate the PV output variation, hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is integrated to the PV system which inturn maintains the constant voltage at the input of BLDC motor drive. A robust power management algorithm is employed for proper control of PV-HESS system. The overall MPPT with power management control facilitates the zeta converter to meet smooth performance of the water pumping system. The performance of the proposed controller is demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink for variation in atmospheric condition and Xilinx system generator control platform interfaced with Zynq ZC-702 FPGA kit. Keywords-Brushless DC (BLDC) motor; hybrid energy storage system (HESS), maximum power point tracking (MPPT), particle swarm optimization (PSO), photovoltaic (PV) system, zeta converter.

In order to obtain full available power from an SPV array, this article proposes an array of photovoltaic pumping systems using a Zeta converter as an intermediate DC-DC converter. It is an easy and inexpensive concept that requires a pumping water system that, in turn, increases efficiency for manufacturers and ensures that the resolution and the quality of life are implemented without pollution. Using the Zeta converter allows farmers to adapt to their problem's beneficial features of the BLDC motor. It is a specific renewable resource framework, including the BLDC motor for barriers to agriculture. To extract the available maximum power from the SPV array, a zeta converter is used. The proposed control algorithm removes phase current sensors and adapts a simple voltage source (VSI) switching, preventing high frequency switching losses due to this. For BLDC motor speed control, no additional control or circuitry is used. DC variable link voltage of VSI regulates the speed. This device prevents loses of power to the high-frequency switch by eliminating the stage for certain sensors and switches of VSI basic frequency[1-5]. MATLAB / Simulink is used to simulate the findings and present them.

Luo converters are a series of new DC-DC step-up converters which were developed using voltage lift technique. This paper deals with the solar-powered BLDC motor simulation with luo convertor as associate intermediate dc-dc boost convertor. Among dc-dc boost converters, luo converters are best matched for application in solar power as they provide higher power density, higher productivity and easy structure with low ripples. The BLDC motor is employed with Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) performing at first harmonic therefore avoiding the frequency shift losses. The progressive electrical phenomenon (Incremental Conductance) rule is employed for tracking the point of maximum power (MPPT). This whole system is displayed in MATLAB/Simulink and results are lodged.

Luo converters are a series of new DC-DC stepup converters which were developed using voltage lift technique. This paper deals with the solar-powered BLDC motor simulation with luo convertor as associate intermediate dc-dc boost convertor. Among dc-dc boost converters, luo converters are best matched for application in solar power as they provide higher power density, higher productivity and easy structure with low ripples. The BLDC motor is employed with Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) performing at first harmonic therefore avoiding the frequency shift losses. The progressive electrical phenomenon (Incremental Conductance) rule is employed for tracking the point of maximum power (MPPT). This whole system is displayed in MATLAB/Simulink and results are lodged.

The assessment of a system's performance is a very important task, enabling its designer/ user to correct its weaknesses and make it more effective. Frequently, in practice, a system's assessment is performed under fuzzy conditions, e.g., using qualitative instead of numerical grades, incomplete information about its function, etc. The present review summarizes the author's research on building assessment models for use in a fuzzy environment. Those models include the measurement of a fuzzy system's uncertainty, the application of the center of gravity defuzzification technique, the use of triangular fuzzy or grey numbers as assessment tools, and the application of the fuzzy relation equations. Examples are provided of assessing human (students and athletes) and machine (case-based reasoning systems in computers) capacities, illustrating our results. The outcomes of those examples are compared to the outcomes of the traditional methods of calculating the mean value of scores assigned to the system's components (system's mean performance) and of the grade point average index (quality performance) and useful conclusions are obtained concerning their advantages and disadvantages. The present review forms a new basis for further research on systems' assessment in a fuzzy environment.

https://www.ijert.org/solar-pv-array-fed-water-pumping-system-using-zeta-converter-based-closed-loop-control-of-bldc-motor-drive

https://www.ijert.org/research/solar-pv-array-fed-water-pumping-system-using-zeta-converter-based-closed-loop-control-of-bldc-motor-drive-IJERTV7IS050171.pdf

This paper proposes a solar photovoltaic (SPV)
array fed water pumping system utilizing a zeta converter as
an intermediate DC-DC converter in order to extract the
maximum available power from the SPV array. Controlling
the zeta converter in an intelligent manner through the
incremental conductance maximum power point tracking
(INC-MPPT) algorithm offers the soft starting of the brushless
DC (BLDC) motor employed to drive a centrifugal water pump
coupled to its shaft. Soft starting i.e. the reduced current
starting inhibits the harmful effect of the high starting current
on the windings of the BLDC motor. A fundamental frequency
switching of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is accomplished
by the electronic commutation of the BLDC motor, thereby
avoiding the VSI losses occurred owing to the high frequency
switching. A new design approach for the low valued DC link
capacitor of VSI is proposed. The proposed water pumping
system is designed and modeled such that the performance is
not affected even under the dynamic conditions. Suitability of
the proposed system under dynamic conditions is
demonstrated by the simulation results using
MATLAB/Simulink software.