Analysis of functional spaces

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, "Cooling Load Estimation for a Multistory office building" submitted by Mr. Sandip Kumar Sahu in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology in Mechanical Engineering with Thermal Engineering specialization during session ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost I record my sincere gratitude and respect towards my project supervisor, Dr. S. MURUGAN, Associate professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, for his valuable guidance, valuable suggestions and endless support during my study. He has not only been a wonderful supervisor, but also a genuine person. I consider myself extremely lucky to be able to work under guidance of such a dynamic personality. This thesis was made possible by his patience and persistence. I also express my sincere thanks to Prof. K.P. MAITY, HOD, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prof. R.K. SAHOO, Professor and Group head, Thermal Engineering Specialization, Mr. PARTHA SARATHI SET, Manager-Construction Air-conditioning Project Division, Blue Star India (P) Ltd. and also the other staff members of Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, for providing me the necessary facilities for my work. I also express my special thanks to our research scholar Mr. Abhishek Sharma and Mr. Arun Kumar Wamankar for his valuable suggestion and my batch mates Mr. Chuneshwar Lal Verma and Pawan Tiwari for their help during the research work. I would like to thanks my parents for their unconditional support, love and affection. Their encouragement and never ending kindness made everything easier to achieve. DATE-SANDIP KUMAR SAHU v ABSTRACT Human comfortness is essential now a day because of the improvement in life style and increasing atmospheric temperature. Electrical air conditioning machines are not most suitable for large buildings because of the higher power consumption and shorter life. Central air conditioning is more reliable for easy operation with a lower maintenance cost. With large buildings such as commercial complex, auditorium, office buildings are provided with central air conditioning system. Educational and research institutions also need human comfortness, as the population of student community increase year by year. The effective design of central air conditioning can provide lower power consumption, capital cost and improve aesthetics of a building. This paper establishes the results of cooling load calculation of different climate conditions by using CLTD method for a multi-story building which is a part of an institute.

Gliozzo E., Fortina C., Memmi I., Turchiano M., Volpe G. , 2005

Archaeological excavation at the San Giusto site (Lucera, Italy) has unearthed a Late Antique kiln that was most certainly dedicated to the production of cooking ware. An archaeometric study of numerous specimens of cooking and painted ware found at this site was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass and optical emission spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. The integration of historical–archaeological data with archaeometric data has revealed that these specimens can be attributed to the San Giusto site. Furthermore, the production cycle of this ware can thus be reconstructed: from the diversified supply of raw materials (fluvial and marine sediments), to the relatively complex preparation of the paste, to firing at variable temperatures (600–750°C for cooking ware; 850–1050°C for painted ware).

Radio frequency radiations from GSM base transceiver stations (BTS) experience certain amount of loss. These losses can be attributed to two principal factors, the height of the building and the penetrating material of buildings which was revealed in the literature. In this work, measurements were carried out to determine the signal loss in multi-partitioned buildings in Port Harcourt city. The study was carried out using radio frequency (RF) signal tracker application software installed in a Samsung smart phone. The measurements were carried out on four different buildings made with different partitioning materials namely glass, wood, concrete and bricks on GSM networks (MTN, GLO, AIRTEL and ETISALAT). The results showed that the concrete material had the highest signal penetration loss with an average value of 4.29dB seconded by bricks, then glass and wood with an average signal loss of 3.47dB, 3.15dB and 2.06dB respectively. The path loss prediction for each of the buildings and materials considered was also studied and calculated using Log-normal model with concrete partition having the highest predicted path loss of 103.89(dB), followed by bricks with 83.90(dB), glass with 67.35(dB) and wood with 53.15(dB). Comparing the average signal loss over the building distances and the path loss, it was observed that there was a significant relationship.

This paper deals with the energetic performances of a Solar Heating Prototype (SHP) conceived in our laboratory to prevail the Tunisian households' air-heating needs. The conceived SHP mainly consists of a flat-plate solar collector, solar hot water tank and an active layer integrated inside a single room. Firstly, a complete model is formulated taking into account various modes of heat transfer in the SHP by means of the TRNSYS simulation program. To validate the TRNSYS model, experimental tests under local weather conditions were performed for 2 days spread over 2 months (March and April 2013). Predicted results were compared to the measurements in order to determine the accuracy of the simulation program. A parametric study was then achieved by means of the TRNSYS program in order to optimize SHP design parameters (Collector area, collector mass flow rate, floor mass flow rate, storage tank volume and thickness of the active layer). The optimization of all design parameters shows that to achieve a maximum performances from the SHP it is essential to use a solar collector with an area equal to 6 m 2 area, a collector mass flow rate equal to 100 kg h À1 and a hot water storage tank with a capacity equal to 450 l. Concerning the floor heating, the optimal values of mass flow rate and the active layer thickness are 200 kg h À1 and 0.06 m, respectively. The long-term SHP performances were afterward evaluated by means of the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data relative to Tunis, Tunisia. Results showed that for an annual total solar insolation of about 6493.37 MJ m À2 the average solar fraction obtained is about 84%. The results show also that the request of auxiliary energy is limited to the cold months of the year chiefly from December to Mars. The results show also that the SHP reduce the relative humidity inside the monozone room of about 40%.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1990

Four Diels-Alder reactions of trans-1,3-pentadiene (trans-piperylene) with acetone, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile were selected for this study due t o their varying epimerization rates previously reported (J. Org. Chem. 1988,53,5348). The reaction coordinate of the epimerization process for each reaction is evaluated for thermal and Lewis acid catalyzed conditions. The theoretical calculations are carried out by semiempirical (AM1) and a b initio (HF/STO-3G,3-21G) methods, and the computational results were found to be in agreement with the experimentally observed substituent effects on the relative rates for epimerizations. Due t o the enhancement of epimerization by silica gel, the possibility of inadvertently altering the product distribution of a Diels-Alder reaction by GC and column chromatography is also discussed.