Hispanic Studies

El gran teatro del mundo, de Calderón de la Barca, y Possible Worlds, película del canadiense Robert Lepage 1 , tienen en común mucho más que incluir la palabra «Mundo» en sus títulos. Ambos trabajos poseen una visión de lo que es la vida y del papel que juega el ser humano en el universo; de cómo lo percibe, de cómo lo trasciende y de cómo se relaciona con él a través de las facultades que le son propias.

El performance es pertinente al estudio de las festividades religiosas en tanto acción para repetir el hecho original, el milagro o suceso mágico que se conmemora. Según Mircea Eliade, el ritual tiene como objetivo reproducir este con el fin de que la consecuencia que generó continúe 1 . En el ejemplo de la Semana Santa, la muerte y resurrección de Jesús dieron como resultado la salvación de los hombres. Para que pueda conservarse, es necesario reproducir, tan fielmente como se pueda, la acción original. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar desde la perspectiva de los estudios del performance tres recuentos decimonónicos de Semana Santa en diversas partes de América Latina: el francés Jean-Baptiste Debret en Brasil; la escocesa Frances Erskine Inglis en México, y el americano John Lloyd Stephens en Centroamérica. Los estudios del performance ofrecen una variedad de acercamientos. En esta ocasión, se toma prestado del modelo de Richard Schechner para el análisis de la representación, donde establece una diferencia sugerente entre el espectador y el observador 2 . El primer grupo está directamente involucrado con el acto performativo, como el fanático de un deporte

a dama duende, de Calderón de la Barca, ha sido considerada una comedia "ligera" en función de la trascendencia de otras obras como La vida es sueño; tal vez se deba al carácter de enredo cómico que parece enviar un mensaje superfluo al espectador. Sin embargo, "es evidente que el frívolo enredo de La dama duende disimula un fondo serio de crítica. El jovial autor, a punto de madurar en aquel clima propicio a los genios, se hallaba en un singular momento histórico, cuando todas las artes concurrieron para prolongar el postrer fulgor de la grandeza española." 1 En 1966 publicó Bruce Wardropper un artículo titulado «Calderon's Comedy and His Serious Sense of Life» donde ve en el fondo de las comedias las mismas preocupaciones que en los dramas, aunque en aquéllas las situaciones problemáticas con la cuales tienen que enfrentarse los protagonistas llevan a risa más bien que a una reacción patética de parte del público. Pero en el fondo, tanto comedias como dramas se basan en la misma cosmovisión.

The mythification of the character of Queen Juana I of Castile is the subject of this thesis. The biographical and literary representation are discussed from the biographical and literary perspectives which implies the study of two fundamental aspects in the formation of this myth: woman-power and madness. The main objective of this research is to break down the myth known today as Juana, “the mad” through historical and literary analyses.

This work is part of new Hispanic medievalism because it explains a phenomenon that began in the Middle Ages. The five chapters affirm that, in the case of Juana I of Castile, there is a detachment of the original historical character from the 19th century and passes into popular culture through the media such as theater, painting and commercial biography. When this happens, Juana acquires varied interpretations in different cultural and temporal spheres where a mythification is observed. Consequently, the representation of the character acquires features of the historical moment in which it is presented. The name - not the image - can be assigned to a restaurant, a musical group, the title of a song or a clothing, to name but a few examples. The constant is that they each have a distant but independent reference to its historical context to re-signify with each contemporary expression. In Barthes’ term, the historical character becomes a myth.

This thesis is a critical study based on a theoretical framework of autobiography based on the deconstruction of the idea that it existed, as a literary genre,in the Middle Ages. This work takes certain characteristics of the term “Self Writing” suggested by Foucault: the first person writing and fragmentary. This model of writing, is seen in two different perspectives in two medieval texts: Memorias by Leonor López de Córdoba and Libro rimado de palacio by Pero López de Ayala, both written in the same historical context.

RMLB/AR/JZ): ¿Cómo es el proceso creativo de Elena Poniatowska al hilar ficción y realidad en sus novelas? Elena Poniatowska (EP): Bueno, no hay que olvidar que yo, ante todo, soy periodista. Entonces, a lo largo de los años he hecho muchísimas entrevistas. Por cierto, se han publicado en varios tomos que se llaman Todo México, 3 y ahora se van a volver a reunir en otros tomos para otra editorial porque la editorial en la que publiqué primero se acabó, se murió la editorial. Entonces, realmente tiene mucho que ver con el periodismo porque lo que yo he hecho en periodismo muchas veces ha sido lo que se llaman "perfiles", en inglés le dicen profiles, que es no sólo hacer las preguntas para sacar noticias, sino que describo cómo es la casa, si el entrevistado está casado, cómo es su mujer, cómo es su perro, cómo es su gato, todo lo que está sucediendo o cómo pide el café o cómo no le dan café o lo que sea; eso ya arma una entrevista. En general, sí trato de saber lo más posible sobre la persona con quien voy a hablar. Así, cuando se trata de la literatura, también para mí es más fácil recrear la época, en general leo muchísimo al escribir. Entonces, así voy escribiendo, lo voy armando, como dicen, haga de cuenta como una piñata: primero está la olla, verdad, que es de barro y entonces le voy poniendo papelitos de colores con engrudo todo el tiempo.

This thesis is a critical study based on a theoretical framework of autobiography based on the deconstruction of the idea that it existed in the Middle Ages as a literary genre. This work takes certain characteristics of the term "Self Writing" suggested by Foucault. The first person writing and fragmentary, as a model of writing, is seen from two different perspectives in two medieval texts: Memorias by Leonor López de Córdoba and Libro rimado de palacio by Pero López de Ayala, both written in the same historical context.

The second article in this section "Towards a Unified Treatment of Spanish Copulas", by Arche, Fábregas, and Marín adds to the ongoing debate of the distribution of the Spanish copulas ser and estar by accounting for their alternation in adjectival and passive clauses in a unified way. They propose that the properties of passive clauses are due to the properties of the copulas and not the participles, and further argue that only estar has an additional component of central coincidence with a stative nature. Charnavel analyzes French scalar particles même, quand même, ne serait-ce que, and seulement and compares them to English particles even and only. Her article, "How French Sheds New Light on Scalar Particles" proposes a new theory based on specific characteristics such as scalarity, additivity, and exclusivity and provides new empirical evidence about these French particles, which, despite widespread assumptions, behave differently from their English counterparts. The last article of the Syntax-Semantics section is by Donazzan and Tovena and investigates the semantics of semelfactive predicates in Italian. In "Pluralities of Events: Semelfactives and a Case of 'Single Event' Nominalisation", the authors analyze the notion of plurality and unity of events by looking at the two possible readings that ata-nominalisations, i.e.: nuotata, ombrellata, receive in instrument semelfactive verbs. They conclude that semelfactives, in their processive readings, have to considered activity predicates. The second section of the volume includes articles on Morphosyntax, beginning with "Laísmo and 'le-for-les': To Agree or not to Agree?", by Adolfo Ausín and Francisco J. Fernández-Rubiera, a novel exploration of an old problem in nonstandard Spanish pronominal paradigms. They propose a unified account for three apparently unrelated phenomena: the presence of the accusative clitic, the presence/ absence of number agreement in the dative clitic ('le-for-les'), and the presence/absence of gender agreement in the dative clitic in laísta dialects ('le-for-la'). They propose that agreement in these two nonstandard dative clitic constructions is related

This dissertation investigates linguistic variation and optionality in the Spanish clitic system of bilingual L1 P'urhépecha speakers from Michoacán, México to determine if interference from L1 features results in non-standard use of accusative and dative pronouns in L2 Spanish. Using the theoretical framework on feature/morphology mapping in bilinguals by Lardiere (2000, 2005, 2009) and Sánchez's theories of functional interference and convergence (2003), I investigated three phenomena occurring in Spanish and Amerindian contact varieties or amongst bilingual speakers: neutralization of gender (and number) into an invariant accusative clitic lo, omission of anaphoric clitics, and liberal accusative clitic doubling. I also investigated the dative alternation and applicative voice in P'urhépecha to determine if P'urhépecha's syntax affects bilinguals' representation of Double Object Constructions (DOC) and Prepositional Constructions (PPC) in Spanish, using the definition

The P'urhépecha language workshop was a community initiative created by the collective Ireta P'urhépecha to provide a language learning space for second language learners. The workshop was planned using the communal governance structures of the organization, which are compatible with the community-based language planning framework (Hinton, 2013b; McCarthy, 2018). Our goal was to address the needs of the established P'urhepecha community in Washington state by providing high quality, accessible language instruction to adults who have not had the opportunity to learn the language and seek to strengthen their Indigenous roots through its preservation and transmission. This chronicle describes the general challenges faced by Indigenous communities in diaspora, as well as those faced by our community as we seek to reclaim our native languages in the face of social, cultural, and economic pressures. In order to address these challenges, we set out to create a culture-based language learning program for beginners that focused on communicative skills and met the unique needs of our community. We relied on the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) framework and teaching techniques to inform our instruction because it is centered on the learners' natural ability to process language instead of focusing on heavy grammatical explanations. This project hopes to highlight the need to include the migrant communities living in the USA as an integral part of the language revitalization initiatives, as well as provide a template for other communities interested in starting their own language revitalization programs. RESUMEN El taller de la lengua P'urhépecha fue una iniciativa comunitaria creada por el Colectivo

The P'urhépecha language workshop was a community initiative created by the collective Ireta P'urhépecha to provide a language learning space for second language learners. The workshop was planned using the communal governance structures of the organization, which are compatible with the community-based language planning framework (Hinton, 2013b; McCarthy, 2018). Our goal was to address the needs of the established P'urhepecha community in Washington state by providing high quality, accessible language instruction to adults who have not had the opportunity to learn the language and seek to strengthen their Indigenous roots through its preservation and transmission. This chronicle describes the general challenges faced by Indigenous communities in diaspora, as well as those faced by our community as we seek to reclaim our native languages in the face of social, cultural, and economic pressures. In order to address these challenges, we set out to create a culture-based language learning program for beginners that focused on communicative skills and met the unique needs of our community. We relied on the Second Language Acquisition (SLA) framework and teaching techniques to inform our instruction because it is centered on the learners' natural ability to process language instead of focusing on heavy grammatical explanations. This project hopes to highlight the need to include the migrant communities living in the USA as an integral part of the language revitalization initiatives, as well as provide a template for other communities interested in starting their own language revitalization programs. RESUMEN El taller de la lengua P'urhépecha fue una iniciativa comunitaria creada por el Colectivo