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Writing is an exploration that you start from nothing and learn as you go. Not everyone is a naturally gifted writer; therefore, you have to gain some techniques and methods about how to compose a piece of writing. Some of us will have difficulty with some steps in writing; however, do not give up easily. There are lots of sources about writing skills that you can use to enhance your ability to write.  Such sources will be of great help to discover your ability of writing. Moreover, as you are a student, the more one learns, the more one discovers that he makes some common errors in essay writing. Actually, one commits these errors subconsciously, because of lack of knowledge of writing techniques and criteria. You have to follow some techniques of writing, in order to avoid making errors in writing essay. In fact; therefore, you have to be aware of such common errors. These errors that this research is going to discuss occur in our levels of language, word-diction and plagiarism. The more one gains knowledge about such errors, the more one improves his writing skills gradually.

Remarks on Terminology, Coining and Translating Terms
At present the Arab world is engaged in the serious movement of transferring western sciences and technology into Arabic- Arabicisation. The movement involves training the new generations of young Arab scholars in western science through the medium of Arabic, where translation plays an essential part. The most serious problem facing this type of
translation, and Arabicisation in general, is that of creating an adequate technical terminology in Arabic, which would help the young Arab scholar to express in his own language the hosts of important western ideas and objects. The paper will introduce two major points in translation regarding coining and translating terms. The process of coining a new term means using the resources of the target language (phonological, morphological and syntactic resources) to form a new word or expression in the target language to function as an equivalent to the term in the source language. New ideas and objects imported from abroad normally require new coinages and looking in the vocabulary of the target language for a term equivalent to the one in the source language.

Students will always remember the shock of receiving their course results when they were still twelve or thirteen years old. Some knew it was not going to be high, but to come bottom of the class was very upsetting. It was all made worse by the fact that the English teacher read the names and results to the whole class, from first to last place. The humiliation was complete. Students can have very negative reactions towards tests and it is no surprise when they too may have had experiences like this. The purpose of this article is to illustrate a number of issues such as testing and assessment, test writing , and types of test questions.

The numerous approaches touched on here all offer valuable insights into creating a language program. The foundations of the product syllabuses remain fundamentally similar, whereas the underlying assumptions about language and language learning from the analytic approaches differ greatly: process type syllabuses assert that learning a language is transient and cannot be itemized ; pedagogical procedure takes precedence over content. Does the syllabus specification include all aspects

In this article, I give a personal reflection of the place of "culture" in the foreign language classroom. Re-examining the notions of integrative and instrumental motivations to language learning, I suggest that language and culture are inextricably linked, and as such we might think about moving away from questions about the inclusion or exclusion of culture in a foreign language curriculum, to issues of deliberate immersion versus non-deliberate exposure to it.

Many educators around the world find themselves in growing schools or programs with more and more students needing placement into appropriate classes. Many schools use tests that are intended for other purposes--e.g., the Secondary Level English Proficienc y (SLEP) Test, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), or the Michigan. However, these can be inaccurate for placing students in classes. Some schools have no placement procedures, and students are assigned to classes haphazardly.

Many web-based services such as email, search engines, and polling sites are being abused by spammers via computer programs known as bots. This problem has bred a new research area called Human Interactive Proofs (HIP) and a testing device called CAPTCHA, which aims to protect services from malevolent attacks by distinguishing bots from human users. In the past decade, researchers have focused on developing robust and safe HIP systems but have barely evaluated their usability. To begin to fill this gap, the authors report the results of a user study conducted to determine the extent that English language proficiency affects CAPTCHA usability for users whose native language is not English. The results showed a significant effect of participants’ English language proficiency level on the time the participant takes to solve CAPTCHA, which appear to be related to multiple usability issues including satisfaction and efficiency. Yet, they found that English language proficiency level does...

ion chelating capacity, and (iii) scavenging of superoxide anion radical. The antimicrobial activity of both plant extracts was evaluated against a panel of microorganisms using the agar disc diffusion method. The total phenolic content (51.97 and 64.9 mg/g dry weight in A. hierochuntica and H. thebaica, respectively) was significantly (p Ͻ 0.05) different. The antioxidant activity increased with an increase in concentration. The plant extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Also, the antimicrobial activity of H. thebaica was higher than that of A. hierochuntica methanolic extracts. This study reveals that the consumption of these plants would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Straipsnyje yra analizuojamos aplinkos apsaugos politikos ištakos ir jos raida įvairiais Lietuvos istoriniais laikotarpiais. Darbe yra aptariamos Pirmosios Lietuvos Respublikos aplinkos apsaugos politikos užuomazgos, diskutuojami įvairūs požiūriai ar tai buvo politikos pradžia, ar tik klasikinė aplinkosauga. Taip pat yra vertinamas sovietinio valdymo laikotarpis, kai buvo priimtas Gamtos apsaugos įstatymas, kuris pradėjo teisiškai reglamentuoti aplinkosaugą ir nustatė pirmus svarbiausius aplinkos apsaugos valdymo principus. Remiantis aplinkosaugos specialistų nuomone yra aptariami pirmieji atkurtos Lietuvos Respublikos nepriklausomybės metai, kai teisiškai buvo nustatyti svarbiausi aplinkos apsaugos valdymo politikos principai. Vėlesniais metais aplinkos apsaugos politika buvo formuojama ne tik teisės aktų pagalba, bet patvirtinus Valstybinę aplinkos apsaugos strategiją bei Nacionalinę aplinkos apsaugos strategiją. Šios strategijos suformavo svarbiausius Lietuvos aplinkos apsaugos politikos principus. Straipsnyje taip pat yra aptariama aplinkos apsaugos politikos samprata, pateikiami skirtingi į ją požiūriai.

Our power system is evolving in the form of small entities called Microgrids. In this scenario, different renewable and conventional energy sources are integrated together to form the Microgrid and to satisfy a specific load. The frequency is an indication of the balance between the generation and the demand. In the conventional power system, the generators are used to balance the frequency. The emerging new technologies such as the Plug-in-Electric vehicles can play a great role in the stability of the load frequency control system. In this paper, the stability of a Microgrid with plug-in-electric vehicles and communication delay is investigated. The Microgrid controller communicates wirelessly with the plug-in electric vehicle and they form a kind of time delay system. A Microgrid model with plug-in electric vehicles and communication delay is presented in this paper. Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is used to derive stability criterion in form of Linear Matrix Inequalities. Through solving the Linear Matrix Inequalities the maximum time delay that guarantees the stability of the Microgrid is determined. The parameters that affecting the stability and the maximum allowable delay are determined which are; the PI controller gains, the Microgrid inertia, the PEV gain and the PEV time constant.

This paper introduces a new framework for the segmentation of different brain structures (white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid) from 3D MR brain images at different life stages. The proposed segmentation framework is based on a shape prior built using a subset of co-aligned training images that is adapted during the segmentation process based on first- and second-order visual appearance characteristics of MR images. These characteristics are described using voxel-wise image intensities and their spatial interaction features. To more accurately model the empirical grey level distribution of the brain signals, we use a linear combination of discrete Gaussians (LCDG) model having positive and negative components. To accurately account for the large inhomogeneity in infant MRIs, a higher-order Markov-Gibbs Random Field (MGRF) spatial interaction model that integrates third- and fourth- order families with a traditional second-order model is proposed. The proposed approach ...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for 60-70% of cases of dementia in the elderly. An early diagnosis of AD is usually hampered for many reasons including the variable clinical and pathological features exhibited among affected individuals. This paper presents a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system with the primary goal of improving the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of diagnosis. In this system, PiB-PET scans, which were obtained from the ADNI database, underwent five essential stages. First, the scans were standardized and de-noised. Second, an Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) atlas was utilized to partition the brain into 116 regions or labels that served for local (region-based) diagnosis. Third, scale-invariant Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) was used, per brain label, to detect the discriminant features. Fourth, the regions' features were analyzed using a general linear model in the form of a two-sample-test. Fi...

The objective of this work is to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. The presented system integrates both clinical biomarkers (prostate-specific antigen) and extracted features from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging collected at multiple b values. The presented system performs 3 major processing steps. First, prostate delineation using a hybrid approach that combines a level-set model with nonnegative matrix factorization. Second, estimation and normalization of diffusion parameters, which are the apparent diffusion coefficients of the delineated prostate volumes at different b values followed by refinement of those apparent diffusion coefficients using a generalized Gaussian Markov random field model. Then, construction of the cumulative distribution functions of the processed apparent diffusion coefficients at multiple b values. In parallel, a K-nearest neighbor classifier is employed to transform the prostate-specific ant...

Twitter popularity has fostered the emergence of a new spam marketplace. The services that this market provides include: the sale of fraudulent accounts, affiliate programs that facilitate distributing Twitter spam, as well as a cadre of spammers who execute large scale spam campaigns. In addition, twitter users have started to buy fake followers of their accounts. In this paper we present machine learning algorithms we have developed to detect fake followers in Twitter. Based on an account created for the purpose of our study, we manually verified 13000 purchased fake followers and 5386 genuine followers. Then, we identified a number of characteristics that distinguish fake and genuine followers. We used these characteristics as attributes to machine learning algorithms to classify users as fake or genuine. We have achieved high detection accuracy using some machine learning algorithms and low accuracy using others.