This paper aims at providing (not exhaustively) the reader with the basic knowledge about the eva... more This paper aims at providing (not exhaustively) the reader with the basic knowledge about the evaluation of social programs. After a brief history of the topic, theoretical knowledge are presented. This section aims at explaining how a ‘perfect’ evaluation would be done. Then, these theoretical knowledge are put to the test of the reality of the field.
This paper aims at providing knowledge about what seems to be the most relevant shared challenges... more This paper aims at providing knowledge about what seems to be the most relevant shared challenges facing SME’s in the MENA region. Taking unemployment as a starting point, the paper underlines the role that education has to play to provide working-age population with the relevant skills needed to achieve a modern economy. From then on, the paper underlines the necessity for MENA countries to establish strong job-creation policies. In order to do so, this paper considers the improvement of SME’s sustainability as the best way for entailing employment. However, some important challenges to their viability are analysed with a special attention dedicated to infrastructure which is an important area both for SME’s performances and its ‘job-creation’ potential. Before concluding, this paper addresses SME’s security and competitiveness through the concept of Competitive Intelligence. The main lessons drawn from this analysis are: the relevance of deepening collaboration between MENA countries themselves and between them and the EU in both education and business areas; the necessity to tackle the remaining challenges facing SME’s sustainability mostly located at the ‘creation stage’; the role that could play the Competitive Intelligence approach in providing the SME’s with tools which could strengthen their competitiveness and result in labour demand.
Le 8 novembre 2015, a l’occasion du Remembrance Sunday au Royaume-Uni, se sont tenues les commemo... more Le 8 novembre 2015, a l’occasion du Remembrance Sunday au Royaume-Uni, se sont tenues les commemorations de la fin de la Premiere Guerre mondiale. Plusieurs membres de la famille royale et du gouvernement se sont succedes devant le cenotaphe a Whitehall pour y deposer les traditionnelles couronnes de coquelicots. Comme le veut l’usage, deux minutes de silence ont ete observees a travers le Royaume-Uni afin de commemorer les epreuves endurees par le pays et ses citoyens. Il faut remonter jusqu’a 1919 pour saisir les origines et les objectifs de ce silence qui marque veritablement une pause au cours de laquelle toute activite cesse sur tout le territoire du Royaume-Uni. Si cet usage a perdure jusqu’a devenir un des elements centraux de la culture commemorative britannique, Andy McSmith a pointe une augmentation du recours a la minute de silence comme outil de commemoration au cours des dernieres annees. Les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ceux de Madrid en 2004 et de Londres en 2005, ...
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