English Language and Literature

Filozofski fakultet Nikšić ЛИЧНЕ ЗАМЈЕНИЦЕ У ПИСМИМА СЕРДАРА И ГУВЕРНАДУРА РАДОЊИЋА У писмима сердара и гувернадура Радоњића систем личних замјеница подударан је, углавном, са стањем у савременим црногорским говорима. Анализа корпуса писама Радоњића показује обличко изједначавање генитива, датива, акузатива и локатива личне замјенице првог лица и личне замјенице сваког лица (мене, себе), што је и одлика црногорских говора и језика њихових савременика са истог географског подручја.

Apstrakt: U ovom radu govori emo o glagolima izvještavanja kao jednom od sredstava kojima se može ostvariti evaluacija doga aja, postupaka ili tvrdnji u narativnom tekstu. Istraživanje je izvršeno na korpusu policijskih izvještaja na engleskom jeziku. Izbor glagola izvještavanja predstavlja jedan od na ina da pripovjeda iskaže li ni stav prema tvrdnji koju iznosi, a kada se radi o prenošenju izjave tre eg lica, izbor ovog glagola može pokazati pripovjeda evu li nu procjenu kredibiliteta takve tvrdnje ili samog njenog autora. Na ovaj na in, policijski izvještaji, kao i drugi narativni tekstovi, imaju za cilj ne samo da predstave realnost ve i da je konstruišu, zahvaljuju i subjektivnosti koja se postiže evaluacijom.

This pa per aims to pre sent the se man tic re la ti ons bet we en the mem bers of bi no mial ex pres si ons com mon in po li ce writ ten re ports in En glish. The use of bi no mial (and for cer tain pur po ses mul ti no mial) ex pres si ons and clu ste ring of synonymo us words are so me of the dis-tin cti ve fe a tu res of po li ce re gi ster which co uld be ea sily de fi ned as a spe ci fic va ri ety of le gal lan gu a ge. The re sults show that the most com mon types of se man tic re la ti on ships bet we en bi no mi als in the po li ce re ports are se man tic op po si tion, synonymy, com ple men ta rity and hyponymy. We po stu la te that the ten dency to in clu de all the pos si ble aspects of so me le gal pro ce du res or il le gal acts and to pre vent ar bi trary in fe ren ces has cre a ted the need for bi no mial ex pres si ons in po li ce re ports. Kew words: po li ce re ports, le gal lan gu a ge, bi no mial ex pres si ons, se man tic re la ti ons. У ра ду на сто ји мо да пред ста ви мо се ман тич ке од но се ме ђу чла но ви ма би но ми-нал них из ра за у по ли циј ским из вје шта ји ма на ен гле ском је зи ку. Упо тре ба би но ми нал-них или мул ти но ми нал них из ра за пред ста вља ди стинк тив но оби љеж је по ли циј ског ре ги стра ко ји се мо же де фи ни са ти и као осо бе ни ва ри је тет је зи ка пра ва. Ре зул та ти овог ис тра жи ва ња по ка зу ју да су нај че шћи ти по ви се ман тич ких ве за ме ђу чла но ви ма би но-ми нал них из ра за од но си опо зи ци је, си но ни ми је, ком пле мен тар но сти и хи по ни ми је. По ла зи мо од прет по став ке да је на мје ра да се об у хва те сви аспек ти од ре ђе не прав не про це ду ре или по чи ње ног кри вич ног дје ла и пред у при је де про из вољ ни за кључ ци ство-ри ла по тре бу за при мје ном ових из ра за у по ли циј ским из вје шта ји ма. Кључ не ри је чи: по ли циј ски из вје шта ји, прав ни је зик, би но ми нал ни из ра зи, се ман-тич ки од но си. 1. in Tro duc Tion. Bi no mial ex pres si ons re pre sent a very in te re sting su bject in con tem po rary lin gu i stic stu di es due to the ir pre sen ce and per va si ve ness in almost all lan gu a ges. Many lin gu ists ha ve stu died the de ter mi nants which in flu en ce the pa i ring and (ir)re ver si bi lity of ele ments in such phra ses. This lin gu i stic phe-no me non has been tre a ted un der dif fe rent la bels, in clu ding ir re ver si ble bi no mi als (mal kiel 1959; bo lin ger 1962; gu sTaFsson 1984), fre e zes (co o per ‒ ross 1975; oden ‒ lo pes 1981; gill 1988) or co njo i ned le xi cal pa irs (ba kir 1999). Hil tu nen (1990: 11) cla ims that in the ca se of writ ten lan gu a ge, the study of texts has co me in to the fo re gro und, espe ci ally from the po int of vi ew of the in ter-ac tion bet we en fun ction and struc tu re. He al so com ments that " new terms such as re gi ster, spe cial lan gu a ge, su blan gu a ge and lan gu a ges of the pro fes si ons we re in tro du ced in to di scus si ons of style " (12) be ca u se " lan gu a ges do not fun ction in * This pa per pre sents the re sults of a re se arch of bi no mi als in po li ce writ ten re ports con duc ted as a part of the PhD the sis na med Po li ce Di sco ur se from the Per spec ti ve of Fo ren sic Lin gu i stics. The pa per en ti tled Se man tic Re la ti ons bet we en the Mem bers of Bi no mial Ex pres si ons in Po li ce Re ports in En glish was pre sen ted at the 10th In ter na ti o nal Con fe ren ce on En glish Lan gu a ge and Li te rary Stu di es, Re-en te ring the Old Spa ces, or ga ni zed by the De part ment of En glish Lan gu a ge and Li te ra-tu re, Nik šić, Mon te ne gro, Oc to ber 2‒4, 2014.

The language of the members of law enforcement has been widely studied mostly in terms of investigating various aspects of police interview discourse. However, our aim here is to examine the language of police reports as a sample of written language of the police outside the context of police-suspect encounters and to describe some of its distinctive linguistic features which function as more or less effective means for achieving maximum clarity and precision. An intimate relationship between the language of legal documents and the language of police reports has been established with respect to style and specific language choices that characterize both registers. Nevertheless, we have observed some peculiar features of police written language that seem to be originating from a compelling need to be as accurate and all-inclusive as possible and to fully conform to conventional standards of report writing.

Empirical reception research in audiovisual translation (AVT) has long been neglected as most previous studies focused primarily on features of AVT as a product and the producers of AVT, but not on end-users. The importance of these studies is emphasized by the fact that AV content is designed for target audiences. Knowing their preferences, expectations and needs can inform the industry and, thus, increase positive reception, placement and usability of the product. The present contribution aims at answering the question of whether there is a difference in preferences when it comes to translation strategies used for rendering the elements of culture (EC) in two different AVT modalities (subtitling and dubbing) and what could be the underlying reasons for it. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with 136 participants among the undergraduate students at two universities in Montenegro. Results indicate that end-users have different general preferences and expectations for these...

The advancement of technology has triggered fast development of the methods of corpus linguistics and electronic language resources which are an indispensable tool and resource for a modern description of language as they enable empirical analysis of large amounts of data and provide a broader and more objective view on the language than it has ever been possible to have before. After a brief discussion of the typology of language corpora as well as the potential and basic methodological aspects of corpus construction, this paper gives an overview of the current situation with digital language resources for the Montenegrin standard language. Furthermore, it discusses the process of compilation, content and distribution of the first morphosynctatically annotated corpus of the Montenegrin language, Opus-MontenegrinSubs 1.0, which was mounted on two platforms: clarin.si and Sketch Engine. This is the first resource of this kind for the Montenegrin language that has officially been made...

One of the most demanding aspects of intercultural communication is rendering the elements of foreign culture from source to target linguocultural system. As today more people are exposed to audiovisual than any other form of text, cultural representation is an important issue as these texts can be a powerful tool for construction or deconstruction of cultural and sociological stereotypes, dissemination of ideas, facilitating intercultural communication, etc. Hence, this study attempts to shed light on how the Anglophone culture is rendered in subtitling and what could be some underlying reasons for that. To this end, we have constructed a morphosyntactically annotated parallel English – Montenegrin corpus of TV subtitles consisting of 110 episodes of three different TV series that were broadcast on the public service broadcaster of Montenegro and scrutinized it to map the strategies used for rendering extralinguistic elements relying on the analytical framework proposed by Pedersen...

Although recent years have witnessed a growth in the number of computational language resources and tools, a lot still needs to be done, especially with low-density languages. This is the case with all South Slavic languages and especially Montenegrin, the fourth standard of the once Serbo-Croatian language that has been re-codified only recently. Even though it became the official language of Montenegro in 2007, there still isn’t any publicly available electronic corpus that would be available for empirical research of linguistic, translatological or any other inquiry. This paper introduces the first publicly available English – Montenegrin parallel corpus of subtitles. It describes the process of corpus compilation, presents linguistic annotation and accessibility of the corpus through web concordancers. Furthermore, it gives a brief overview of linguistic situation in Montenegro with some of the most important recent developments especially in the light of the recent official int...

This special journal issue comprises articles in the field of Language for Specific Purposes (LSP), most of which were presented at the Language for Specific Purposes: Trends and Perspectives International Conference held on 17-18 September 2021 in Budva, Montenegro. The conference was organised as part of the Erasmus+ ReFLAME project (Reforming Foreign Languages in Academia in Montenegro). ReFLAME is a CBHE project, the aim of which is to strengthen the capacities of Montenegrin universities to offer modern, market-oriented foreign language education for non-philology students, in response to the growing demand for foreign language skills in most work positions. The project is coordinated by the Faculty of Philology of the University of Montenegro, in partnership with the University of Donja Gorica, and Mediterranean University from Montenegro, and the University for Foreigners of Perugia, the University of Warsaw and the University of Zagreb as EU partners. The LSP conference prov...

The present paper outlines the key findings of a study that was carried out in Montenegro with the aim of getting an overview of the current state of play in language for specific purposes teaching and the actual needs from the perspective of students, university staff members (both academic and nonacademic) and employers. To this end, an online survey was designed and distributed among the target groups with an overall total of 1,985 participants. Furthermore, an online English placement test was conducted among the first year students at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Montenegro with an overall number of 853 respondents, in order to compare the language proficiency entrance levels to the curriculum expectations. The results suggest the high level of need for LSP proficiency, both for academic and occupational purposes, the general dissatisfaction with the English language proficiency level of the prospective employees that apply for job posts, the need to master an additi...

One of the most demanding aspects of intercultural communication is rendering the elements of foreign culture from source to target linguocultural system. As today more people are exposed to audiovisual than any other form of text, cultural representation is an important issue as these texts can be a powerful tool for construction or deconstruction of cultural and sociological stereotypes, dissemination of ideas, facilitating intercultural communication, etc. Hence, this study attempts to shed light on how the Anglophone culture is rendered in subtitling and what could be some underlying reasons for that. To this end, we have constructed a morphosyntactically annotated parallel English -Montenegrin corpus of TV subtitles consisting of 110 episodes of three different TV series that were broadcast on the public service broadcaster of Montenegro and scrutinized it to map the strategies used for rendering extralinguistic elements relying on the analytical framework proposed by Pedersen (2011).

Cilj ovog saopštenja jeste da predoči trenutno stanje i tendencije u nastavi stranih jezika struke na Univerzitetu Crne Gore (UCG), te da, u pogledu kompetencija vezanih prevashodno za engleski, ali i druge strane jezike, ukaže na realne potrebe crnogorskog tržišta rada, kao i na potrebe i očekivanja zaposlenih i studentkinja i studenata na pomenutom univerzitetu. U tu svrhu, nakon kratkog pregleda izučavanja stranih jezika struke na UCG-u, izložićemo dio rezultata istraživanja sprovedenog u okviru CBHE Erasmus+ projekta ReFlame (2019-2023. god.), koji nedvosmisleno ukazuju na neophodnost reforme u ovoj oblasti i osnaživanje nastave jezika struke. Ključne riječi: strani jezici struke, engleski jezik struke, Univerzitet Crne Gore, nastava, ReFLAME 1. Nastava jezika struke na Univerzitetu Crne Gore -kratak pregled Univerzitet Crne Gore (UCG) je najstarija ustanova visokog obrazovanja i jedini državni univerzitet u Crnoj Gori. Osnovan je 1974. godine i danas broji devetnaest fakulteta i tri naučna instituta. Na UCG studira više od dvadeset hiljada studenata. Razvoj planiranja i organizacije nastave stranih jezika struke na UCG možemo posmatrati u okvirima dva različita perioda: period prije uvođenja primjene Bolonjske deklaracije -predbolonjski i period nakon uvođenja bolonjskog sistema studiranja na Univerzitetu Crne Gorepostbolonjski Strani jezici struke na Univerzitetu Crne Gore -Rezultati analize sprovedene u okviru Erasmus+ projekta ReFLAME Zbornik radova s okruglog stola: Nastava stranih jezika struke na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu i sveučilištima Crne Gore

Apstrakt: Napredak tehnologije doprinio je brzom razvoju metoda korpusne lingvistike i izradi elektronskih jezičkih resursa koji danas predstavljaju nezamjenjiv alat za savremen opis jezika koji pruža mogućnost empirijske analize velike količine autentičnih jezičkih podataka te mnogo širi i objektivniji pogled na jezičku sliku nego što je to ranije bilo moguće. U radu se razmatraju tipologija korpusa kao i potencijal i neke od osnovnih metodoloških postavki korpusne metodogije. Takođe se daje kratak pregled trenutnog stanja po pitanju dostupnosti elektronskih jezičkih korpusa za crnogorski jezik nakon čega se predstavlja proces izrade, građa i distribucija prvog morfosintaksički anotiranog paralelnog korpusa crnogorskog jezika, Opus-MontenegrinSubs 1.0, koji je postavljen na dvije platforme: clarin.si i Sketch Engine. Korpus predstavlja prvi resurs ove vrste za crnogorski jezik koji je učinjen javno dostupnim putem tri konkordansera. Takođe se ističe potreba za daljnjom afirmacijom korpusne metodologije u Crnoj Gori i izradom elektronskih jezičkih resursa. U bitnom, upućuje se na nužnost boljeg umrežavanja istraživača u Crnoj Gori kako bi se učinili javno dostupni jezički resursi koji su izrađeni u okviru zasebnih istraživačkih projekata.

The aim of this study was to obtain relevant knowledge about signifi cant diff erences in some anthropometric characteristics of top soccer and basketball players. The sample included 39 male subjects divided into two subsamples. The fi rst subsample included 26 subjects, who trained in the senior selection in the Football club Vojvodina from Novi Sad, while the other subsample included 14 subjects who trained in the senior selection in the Basketball club Vojvodina, from Novi Sad. The variables sample included 20 anthropometric measures that defi ned longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of skeleton, body volume and body mass, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The results were analysed in a statistical procedure marked as a signifi cance testing of two arithmetic means of the independent samples, a t-test at the level of signifi cance of p<0.05. It was concluded, based on these results that signifi cant diff erences occur in all variables for evaluation of longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of skeleton, as well as for body volume and body mass. When we talk about subcutaneous adipose tissue signifi cant diff erences occur in all variables except for the skinfold of the upper arm.

Check lists represent a very important tool within the International Safety Management Code, aimed at the regular and thorough assessment of the safety on board ships along with the operation of their parent companies. There seems to be only a few academic articles studying the communicative and rhetorical aspects of these maritime forms explaining why they are written in the way they are, especially in the light of their users who constitute a specific discourse community. The structure of a sample of representative lists is presented, as these check lists do not differ from the forms used by other European shipping companies. After interviews with the seafarers (deck and engine officers) to whom the check lists were administered, the conclusion was reached that they prefer short and unambiguous forms. In addition, a correlation about the language competence of the crew members on board ship was found: the simpler the discourse of the check list, the lower the responsibility of the crew member on board. Further, investigation into these complex language patterns focuses on the practical benefits.

Check lists represent a very important tool within the International Safety Management Code, aimed at the regular and thorough assessment of the safety on board ships along with the operation of their parent companies. There seems to be only a few academic articles studying the communicative and rhetorical aspects of these maritime forms explaining why they are written in the way they are, especially in the light of their users who constitute a specific discourse community. The structure of a sample of representative lists is presented, as these check lists do not differ from the forms used by other European shipping companies. After interviews with the seafarers (deck and engine officers) to whom the check lists were administered, the conclusion was reached that they prefer short and unambiguous forms. In addition, a correlation about the language competence of the crew members on board ship was found: the simpler the discourse of the check list, the lower the responsibility of the crew member on board. Further, investigation into these complex language patterns focuses on the practical benefits.