Electrical Engineering

A maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic systems using bang-bang controller J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 6, 053126 (2014); 10.1063/1.4898358 Maximum power point tracking of partial shaded photovoltaic array using an evolutionary algorithm: A particle swarm optimization technique J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 6, 023102 (2014); 10.1063/1.4868025 Conventional and global maximum power point tracking techniques in photovoltaic applications: A review J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 032701 (2013); 10.1063/1.4803524

A maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic systems using bang-bang controller J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 6, 053126 (2014); 10.1063/1.4898358 Maximum power point tracking of partial shaded photovoltaic array using an evolutionary algorithm: A particle swarm optimization technique J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 6, 023102 (2014); 10.1063/1.4868025 Conventional and global maximum power point tracking techniques in photovoltaic applications: A review J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 032701 (2013); 10.1063/1.4803524

This paper makes a photovoltaic (PV) energy potential assessment of a technological institution, namely Assam Engineering College (AEC) in Assam, India (26.13 °N, 91.66 °E) using PV indices. A 5kWp PV system is designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform and PV indices are implemented to evaluate the feasibility and future applicability of the location as a possible site for renewable energy generation using PV technology. Results reflect that the possible yield of renewable power from the site lie within the range of average values of minimum of 1.82 kWh/kWp/day and a maximum of 2.651 kWh/kWp/day with an average value of 2.238 kWh/kWp/day for the year, thus indicating that the site can in fact be used successfully to harness solar energy.

his paper discusses a comparative investigation of the three basic nonisolated DC-DC converters used as interfaces for maximum
power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) generators using the direct duty ratio control tracking algorithm. Analysis of buck, boost,
and buck-boost converters is undertaken to study the behavior of converter performance with respect to changing atmospheric conditions,
in-turn duty ratio variation (as a result of MPPT), and tracking efficiency. As atmospheric conditions change, the operating value of resistance
at the maximum power point (Rmpp) changes. To effectively drive the system at the maximum power yield point, the MPPT algorithm has
to drive the system operation point close to the value of Rmppfor the varying atmospheric profile of change in insolation and temperature.
The efficiency of the MPPT algorithm lies in meeting this very requirement. The simulation study shows that, although buck, boost, and
buck-boost converters are used as power converters in MPPT applications, not all converters perform with high efficiency. The effect of
different resistive loads that have values other thanRmppon converter-side output is considered for the three topologies, and it is observed that
the buck-boost converter is the only one that is able to track the maximum power point (MPP) under variations in insolation, temperature,
and loading effect with the highest tracking efficiency

In a study conducted among 100 meat consumers and 30 meat sellers in the meat market of Kohima, Nagaland, it
was found that there was an orderly preference of meat ranked from first to fourth in the order of pork, beef, chicken
and fish respectively. Known for heavy meat eating habits, no significant level of difference existed among the
sellers and the customers of meat as far as their consumption pattern were concerned although sellers showed a
lower consumption rate in comparison to the customers. For sellers the market activities started as  early as 3-00
AM in the morning and for customers it was as early as 6-00 AM. The average sale of meat remaining about 60 kg
per day, the peak hours of the meat market were from 7-00 AM to 9-00 AM when 90 per cent of the activities were
over for the day. The electricity consumption pattern as a whole in the market was less. However, there were highly
significant associations between the electricity consumed and meat sold (0.67**), meat sold and net profit received
(0.86**) and electricity consumed and net profit received from meat trade (0.73**) indicating consumption of
electricity as a signal of profit and progress.

This paper investigates the effect of the variation
of duty ratio on the different performance parameters of a non-isolated dc-dc boost converter. Five important parameters
dependent on the duty ratio have been identified namely output voltage, output current, effective impedance at the input, minimum inductance and minimum capacitance for continuous conduction mode (CCM). The effect of variation duty ratio on the performance of these parameters is investigated and reported. The study also takes into consideration the relation of duty ratio with switching period, which in turn affects the duty ratio.

This paper makes a comparative assessment of three popular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms used in photovoltaic power generation. A 120 W p PV module is taken as reference for the study that is connected to a suitable resistive load by a boost converter. Two profiles of variation of solar insolation at fixed temperature and varying temperature at fixed solar insolation are taken to test the tracking efficiency of three MPPT algorithms based on the perturb and observe (P&O), Fuzzy logic, and Neural Network techniques. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software is used for assessment, and the results indicate that the fuzzy logic-based tracker presents better tracking effectiveness to variations in both solar insolation and temperature profiles when compared to P&O technique and Neural Network-based technique.

— Fast depleting reserves of fossil fuels, increasing cost of fuel for conventional power generation in recent times, along with a regulatory framework to minimize the carbon footprint worldwide, the use of Renewable sources of power generation has become an inevitable reality. The paper makes a feasibility assessment of Renewable Energy System (RES) as a possible source for electrification for an education institution namely Assam Engineering College, located at Guwahati, Assam, India (26.13 °N, 91.66 °E). A combination of one or more renewable sources like photovoltaic (PV) and wind either in standalone or grid connected mode with energy storage capacity based energy systems are investigated in this paper. The objective of the study is to optimize the size and cost of renewable energy system at the selected site to meet the electrical demand of a load of 24kWh/day having a peak load of 6.5 kW. The modeling, optimization and analysis of the hybrid system is carried out using HOMER software produced by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Colorado USA. The hybrid systems are evaluated on the basis of Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelised Cost of Energy (COE), Initial Cost, Operating Cost, and Renewable Fraction obtained on the basis of computation results. The results are favorable for the use of renewable energy based sources at the selected site with PV-Wind-Grid connected system emerging as the most economic RES with COE equal to 0.209 $/kWh.

— This research work addresses a comparative examination of the two basic non-isolated DC-DC converters that could be interfaced effectively for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic (PV) systems via tracking algorithm of controlling the duty ratio of these converters. Examination of two famous DC-DC convertor topologies i.e. buck, and buck-boost converters has been performed here to scrutinize the behavior of converter behavior relating to changing atmospheric attributes, sequentially the deviation in the duty ratio (due to MPPT), and tracking efficiency. With the variant in the atmospheric conditions, the working value of resistance at the maximum power point (Rmpp) varies. In order to efficiently operate the system at the maximum power point, the MPPT algorithm must make the system work near to the value of Rmpp for the intermittent atmospheric pattern of varying insolation and temperature. The effectiveness of the MPPT algorithm can be scaled by this very obligation. The simulation study verifies that, although buck, and buck-boost converters are implemented as power converters for MPPT control, they are don't equally efficient. The consequence of diverse loads having values different to Rmpp on converter-side output is analyzed for the two important topologies, and it is inferred that the buck-boost converter topology most efficiently tracks the maximum power point (MPP) in case of varying temperature, insolation, and loading effect.

This paper investigates the effect of the variation of duty ratio on the different performance parameters of the three non-isolated dc-dc converters namely buck, boost and buck-boost converter. Five important parameters dependent on the duty ratio have been identified namely output voltage, output current, effective impedance at the input, minimum inductance and minimum capacitance for continuous conduction mode (CCM). The effect of variation duty ratio on the performance of these parameters is investigated and reported. I. INTRODUCTION The world energy consumption is increasing while the fossil fuel energy reserve is on the verge of depletion. The future energy scenario will consist of a much needed dependence on the renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, etc. These new or alternate energy sources although being promising, their use and production of energy from them are still much more expensive than their relative counterparts of existing conventional sou...

This paper makes a comparative investigation of the three basic non-isolated dc-dc converters used as interface for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) application in photovoltaic (PV). A constraint based analysis of the buck, boost and buck – boost converters is discussed in brief to study the behavior of the converter's performance with respect to the changing duty ratio variation (as a result of MPPT) in order to track effectively the moment to moment change in the PV module operating point. For the three basic converter topologies it is observed that the buck-boost converter is the only converter which is able to work with wide range of variation in the region of operation of the input resistance of the converter to successfully track the maximum power point (MPP) under varying conditions of insolation, temperature and loading effect.

This paper makes a comparative investigation resistive loading on buck-boost and its effect for use as interface for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) application in photovoltaic (PV) generators using the direct duty ratio control tracking algorithm. Analysis of the buck – boost converter has been undertaken to study the behaviour of the converter's performance with respect to the changing atmospheric conditions and in-turn duty ratio variation (as a result of MPPT) and the tracking efficiency of each converter. Effect of different resistive loads on the output of the converter side has also been considered for the same converter topology and it has been observed that the buck-boost converter is able to track the maximum power point (MPP) under variation of insolation, temperature and loading effect, with good tracking efficiency. I. INTRODUCTION The photovoltaic (PV) generation system is one of the renewable energy sources that have attracted the attention of researchers in t...

This article examines the viability of standalone PV/Wind Hybrid system for remote household in north eastern region (NER) of India. Sizing , optimization, and the economical analysis of the Hybrid system is done through HOMER software. Sensitivity analysis is carried out with solar radiation data, wind speed data, cost of PV and Wind system for a 1kW PV/Wind Hybrid system. Annual peak, scaled annual average, and the average load of 697 W, 3.85 kWh/day, and 0.175 kW respectively are assumed for a remote household for analysis purpose. This article presents the optimal sizing, cost of electricity (COE), battery profile, and converter profile of PV/Wind hybrid system for different NER states. The outcome of this study shows that COE for the NER states lies in the range of 0.279-0.518 $/kWh, making hybrid PV/Wind system the most successful option for mitigation of power demand in the rural areas of the region concerned.

Electrical energy consumption of a nation is an indicator of the economic and social growth of the country. Utilizing electricity efficiently and reducing its wastage as much as possible is an important criterion considering the depleting natural reserves of fossil fuel traditionally used for its generation. The ever increasing demand of electricity places its judicious and efficient use at a prime importance for its consumers. This paved the way for developing appliance based automation for energy conservation. In an educational institution Iike college or university that has comparatively large infrastructure, it is quite difficult to regulate appliances manually 24/7 throughout the year. In light of this, and to prevent the superfluous usage and consumption of electricity, this paper presents analysis, design and development of low cost, simple circuitry and low power consumption device to automatically regulate electrical appliances based on motion detection. Proteus 7 software platform has been used for circuit designing as the simulation tool, Dip trace has been used as the PCB designing tool, while MATLAB has been used for programming as weil as a simulation tool.

This paper makes a photovoltaic (PV) energy potential assessment of a technological institution, namely Assam Engineering College (AEC) in Assam, India (26.13 °N, 91.66 °E) using PV indices. A 5kWp PV system is designed in MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform and PV indices are implemented to evaluate the feasibility and future applicability of the location as a possible site for renewable energy generation using PV technology. Results reflect that the possible yield of renewable power from the site lie within the range of average values of minimum of 1.82 kWh/kWp/day and a maximum of 2.651 kWh/kWp/day with an average value of 2.238 kWh/kWp/day for the year, thus indicating that the site can in fact be used successfully to harness solar energy.

This paper makes a comparative assessment of three popular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms used in photovoltaic power generation. A 120 W p PV module is taken as reference for the study that is connected to a suitable resistive load by a boost converter. Two profiles of variation of solar insolation at fixed temperature and varying temperature at fixed solar insolation are taken to test the tracking efficiency of three MPPT algorithms based on the perturb and observe (P&O), Fuzzy logic, and Neural Network techniques. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software is used for assessment, and the results indicate that the fuzzy logic-based tracker presents better tracking effectiveness to variations in both solar insolation and temperature profiles when compared to P&O technique and Neural Network-based technique.

This article examines the viability of standalone PV/Wind Hybrid system for remote household in north eastern region (NER) of India. Sizing, optimization, and the economical analysis of the Hybrid system is done through HOMER software. Sensitivity analysis is carried out with solar radiation data, wind speed data, cost of PV and Wind system for a 1kW PV/Wind Hybrid system. Annual peak, scaled annual average, and the average load of 697 W, 3.85 kWh/day, and 0.175 kW respectively are assumed for a remote household for analysis purpose. This article presents the optimal sizing, cost of electricity (COE), battery profile, and converter profile of PV/Wind hybrid system for different NER states. The outcome of this study shows that COE for the NER states lies in the range of 0.279-0.518 $/kWh, making hybrid PV/Wind system the most successful option for mitigation of power demand in the rural areas of the region concerned.

The state space dynamic model of a DC-DC buck converter used for optimal designing of the converter to minimize the overall losses is presented in this paper. The optimum design criterion involves the selection of converter switching frequency, inductance and capacitance values for continuous conduction mode (CCM) of operation. The ripple in current, ripple in voltage and bandwidth are considered as constraints along with the criterion for CCM. Optimizing algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Firefly Algorithm (FA) are used to generate the solution to the optimal design problem. The comparative investigation of the algorithms reveals that PSO outperforms the FA and SA in terms of computational effort, convergence time, and also the most efficient design having minimum losses.