Winchester School of Art

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to measure collaborative design performance and, in turn, improve the final design output during a design process, with a clear objective to develop a design performance measurement (DPM) matrix to measure design project team members' design collaboration performances. Design/methodology/approach -The methodology adopted in this research uses critical literature reviews, in-depth focus group interviews and a questionnaire survey. Findings -The main finding of this study is a DPM matrix that addresses five DPM indicators: efficiency, effectiveness, collaboration, management skill, and innovation, and 25 detailed DPM criteria. It was found that decision-making efficiency is the most important DPM criterion for collaborative design efficiency; plus delivering to the brief for effectiveness; clear team goal/objectives for collaboration; decision-making ability for management skill; and competitive advantage for innovation. Research limitations/implications -As the present study was focused on exploring DPM during a design process, some key DPM criteria which are not measurable during a design development process were not included in this study. The proposed multi-feedback approach for DPM matrix implementation needs to be validated in future research. Practical implications -The DPM matrix can be applied to support a design manager in measuring and improving collaborative design performance during a design process, by reviewing and modifying collaborative design development, identifying the design team strengths and weaknesses, improving team communication, and suggesting suitable responsive actions. Originality/value -The major contribution of this study is the investigation and development of a DPM matrix to measure collaborative design performance during a design process. IJPPM 60,2 154 research, which focuses on collaborative design supporting tools, while the other is management-based, which addresses team management and project management issues . According to , collaborative design can be improved by conducting performance measurements regularly for the team functions. They concluded that conducting performance measurements through a design process can lead to higher levels of self-rated and observer-rated group effectiveness; higher levels of self-rated group satisfaction and double the number of positive comments (compared to negative comments) from team members. In other words, performance measurement actions do help in improving the design team collaboration performance.

This research explored a new direction of improving collaborative design by performance measurement. More specifically, a novel 3-dimensional performance measurement model is developed and the purpose of this model is to help project managers improve team collaboration by indicating strengths and weaknesses of team members during the project development process. Considering the complexity of collaborative design work, a multiple criteria model is proposed to reflect the design dynamics, which highlights five performance indicators: efficiency, effectiveness, collaboration, management skills and innovation. These five indicators are mostly influenced by role-based performance measurement criteria (the second dimension). Design and development process (time) is also considered (the third dimension). This 3D model allows all involved design participants to measure work performance at any time during the product development process. In order to develop this model, the role-based task analysis and industrial survey methods were utilized. Three groups of role-based product design and development performance measurement criteria were identified for measuring design performance of the top managers, middle managers and individual designers in a project team. A 3-dimensional performance measurement method was proposed to calculate final performance scores from a performance measurement matrix. The proposed model was evaluated as a tool which can support project managers to reduce potential design and collaboration risks and increase confidence in decision-making process. The model has been discussed on implementing in a web-based application for measuring design performance throughout the product design and development process.

This paper presents a novel 3-dimensional design performance matrix (model) for a web-based product design and development. The first dimension highlights five performance indicators: efficiency, effectiveness, collaboration, management skills and innovation, these are most influenced by role-based performance measurement criteria in the second dimension. The third dimension takes product design and development process (time) into account.

This research investigates how to improve collaborative design performance by the implementation of performance measurement. A Design Performance Measurement (DPM) framework is developed to measure collaborative design performance and identify strengths and weaknesses of a design team during a design process. Additionally, it has been found that decision making efficiency is the most important DPM criteria for measuring design team member's collaborative design efficiency; delivering to the design brief for effectiveness; ability to clear team goal/objectives for collaborative; decision making skill for management; and ability to deliver design competitive advantage for innovation. These results can be used to conduct a precise and accurate DPM in a design project team during a design process.

This research investigated difficulties and challenges that older customers face in a supermarket environment in China, so as to understand the way in which the supermarket environment and service can improve older customers’ shopping experience. An ethnographic user study, which combines video-based direct observations, in-depth interviews and a cultural probe information gathering pack, has been employed to explore Chinese older customers’ supermarket shopping experience. 30 Chinese senior citizens above 65 years of age and able to undertake their own shopping at least once fortnightly participated this project. Research results show that a shopping experience design should not only concentrate on in-store shopping, but on a holistic shopping experience that includes shopping preparation, journey to store, in store shopping, journey back to home and after shopping at home. This flow and journey needs to be understood and addressed when designing a supermarket service for older cus...

The elderly consumer has become more attractive to food retailers as they have a higher disposable income and set aside a larger budget for their groceries. From the literature review, it was found that very little studies have focused on their retail needs and research in the United Kingdom is limited. In addition, previous studies adopt a quantitative approach through surveys or questionnaires and the results may not be a true account of the current scenario. The aim of this research is to investigate the current difficulties and challenges associated with supermarket food shopping among senior consumers in the United Kingdom so as to improve retail service design for this group of consumers. A qualitative ethnographic approach, that combines direct observations and semi-structured interviews, was employed to discover ageing consumers’ natural supermarket shopping behaviours and their attitude and satisfactions of the current service from supermarket retailers. Aspects such as the...

This paper describes an investigation of a role-based Design Performance Measurement (DPM) matrix that incorporates design performance measures with three design team role-players: the top design manager, the middle design manager and the designer. Based on the author's previous research, a DPM matrix combining 25 criteria was developed to support DPM operation during a design process. A questionnaire survey was conducted to establish if different design team members would have diverse perceptions of the importance of 25 DPM criteria for the three types of design team roles. As a result, a role-based DPM matrix was developed, which demonstrated that the 'clear team goal' criterion should be regarded as the most important measure for the assessment of top design manager; the 'problem solving', 'delivering to the brief', 'managing mistakes', 'build high morale within team', 'monitor team performance' and 'define design responsibilities' for the middle design manager; the 'high quality product design' and 'adding perceived value to the design work' for the designer. Furthermore, a role-based DPM matrix application was developed that enables the rolebased DPM matrix to be flexibly implemented in different design projects by matching a project's features from three perspective: a design project strategies-based perspective, a stage-based design objectives perspective, and from a design staff rolebased perspective.

With the demand for online learning materials ever increasing and with more content being made open and free, Higher Education Institutes are now in a position to take their robust virtual learning environments and shift focus from content to user. The new objective being to provide a Delightful user experience that will not only surprise and excite but will improve education online.

More Open Education Resources (OER) and learning environments are being created and starting to mature and there are a number of barriers to learning and creator participation. One often overlooked barrier that has been given less attention, especially within OERs, is user experience (UX). UX is the way a person feels about using a product, system or service.

We are creatures with emotional needs and, in the rush to get great content open and available sometimes the usability, the wow factor and good design principles get left by the wayside. I will demonstrate ways to think about UX for your OER and learning environments and why this is an important factor in helping engage learners with our educational materials.

‘The real payoff comes when we can make that remarkability last. When we can make people continually feel our work is worthy of discussion. When—for weeks, months, maybe even years— the people who engage with our work continue to sing its praises to everybody they meet’– (Jared Spool in Walter, A. Designing for Emotion). Walter, A. (2011) Designing for Emotion, A Book Apart

With the demand for online learning materials ever increasing and with more content being made open and free, Higher Education Institutes are now in a position to take their robust virtual learning environments and shift focus from content to user. The new objective being to provide a Delightful user experience that will not only surprise and excite but will improve education online.

This chapter addresses the 1975 Video Performance by Martha Rosler, Semiotics of the Kitchen, in tandem with a consideration of how this work can be read in light of both its own original logic and its 2003 restaging / reconception as a multi-performer live event at The Whitechapel.