Cigdem Erbug

Middle East Technical University, Industrial Design, Faculty Member

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Papers by Cigdem Erbug

Shopping Mall Universal Design Evaluation

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2009

Seeking for Diversity among Young Users: the case of children's photography

Proceedings of DRS, Jun 28, 2018

User-centred design practices in the design of products for children's use has become common, esp... more User-centred design practices in the design of products for children's use has become common, especially in the field of technology design. Although young users are now considered as essential and reliable actors to inform the design space, design research with children still remains focused on the design process itself, and children's role in it. In an attempt to steer away the discussion from how children are included in design to how they are represented in design, our paper focuses on understanding and communicating plurality of the experience among young users to inform and expand the early design phase. For this purpose, we present an overview of the child-centred design practices, discuss how designers of children's products may benefit from an experiential approach for a holistic understanding of the user space; and finally, we present our study on children's photography to illustrate how a commitment to understanding children's perspectives can contribute to eliciting, and representing user diversity through personas to guide the design of meaningful products for young users.

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Creating Awareness Through Personel Informatics Systems User Expectations Analysis ; KİŞİYE ÖZEL SAĞLIK BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ İLE FARKINDALIK YARATMA: DİSİPLİNLERARASI ETKİNLİK ANALİZİ

‘Corrigendum to “Promoting sustainability through behavior change: A review” [Design Studies Volume 41 (Part B) (November 2015) pp. 183–204]’

Design Studies, 2016

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Eliciting positive user experiences with self-service kiosks: pursuing possibilities

Behaviour & Information Technology, Jul 24, 2014

Although the prominent concept of the last decade-user experience-maintains its significance in d... more Although the prominent concept of the last decade-user experience-maintains its significance in diverse disciplines, especially design, its focus has changed to eliciting positive user experiences by pursuing new possibilities for consumer products rather than by solely seeking solutions to existing problems. Designers continue to aim for rich user experiences with a variety of products, but have neglected self-service (interactive) kiosks. Hence, this paper, after giving a brief overview of the positive psychology literature, demonstrates the dimensions of positive user experiences with self-service kiosks through an empirical study conducted on coffee vending machines and automated tellers.

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Mobile Health Integration in Pregnancy

Healthcare is one of the primary matters in human life. It becomes a more significant period duri... more Healthcare is one of the primary matters in human life. It becomes a more significant period during pregnancy, as a woman’s body is resourcing for two lives. Pregnancy is a challenging period, since pregnant women not only undergo unexpected physical and psychological changes, but they also have continuous concerns, because childbirth and motherhood alter their lives in distinct ways. Hence, they are in need of a diverse support. Pregnancy experiences have started to change in parallel to the changes in the information and communication technologies. Traditional health management has been redefined with the mobile technologies, and smartphones and applications have taken the lead. Increasing numbers of pregnancy applications have entered to the market with far-reaching benefits, yet they fell short to be integrated into the daily lives of pregnant women. In order to realize the acceptance, adoption, and smooth integration of mobile health (mHealth) into the daily lives of pregnant women, pregnancy technologies should not be merely information providers, decision-makers, or problem solvers. In fact, they should go beyond that by making pregnant women feel better and enhancing their wellness holistically. In this chapter, pregnant women’s interactions with mobile pregnancy applications were reported conducting the study with 33 pregnant women in different trimesters. Results presented that needs, concerns, and expectations may change according to different pregnancy trimesters and pregnant women types. Based on the results of the study and positive psychology literature, design implications and information, communication, and interaction qualities for pregnancy applications were discussed in relation to positive user experience dimensions with mobile pregnancy technologies that can provide more satisfactory and happy user experiences.

An interdisciplinary heuristic evaluation method for universal building design

Applied Ergonomics, Jul 1, 2009

This study highlights how heuristic evaluation as a usability evaluation method can feed into cur... more This study highlights how heuristic evaluation as a usability evaluation method can feed into current building design practice to conform to universal design principles. It provides a definition of universal usability that is applicable to an architectural design context. It takes the seven universal design principles as a set of heuristics and applies an iterative sequence of heuristic evaluation in a shopping mall, aiming to achieve a cost-effective evaluation process. The evaluation was composed of three consecutive sessions. First, five evaluators from different professions were interviewed regarding the construction drawings in terms of universal design principles. Then, each evaluator was asked to perform the predefined task scenarios. In subsequent interviews, the evaluators were asked to reanalyze the construction drawings. The results showed that heuristic evaluation could successfully integrate universal usability into current building design practice in two ways: (i) it promoted an iterative evaluation process combined with multi-sessions rather than relying on one evaluator and on one evaluation session to find the maximum number of usability problems, and (ii) it highlighted the necessity of an interdisciplinary ad hoc committee regarding the heuristic abilities of each profession. A multi-session and interdisciplinary heuristic evaluation method can save both the project budget and the required time, while ensuring a reduced error rate for the universal usage of the built environments.

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An ergonomics model for product design

This paper models the integration of ergonomics knowledge to the design process. It is suggested ... more This paper models the integration of ergonomics knowledge to the design process. It is suggested that, neither a single methodology, nor an information system will be sufficient to cover all the requirements of an ergonomic product. The relative emphasis given to ergonomics varies with the types of design problem. Nonetheless, it is assumed that the design process will always involve the user, thus ergonomics. The difficulties arise from ill-defined nature of design, inadequate knowledge background or inadequate data which requires a long-tern approach where everything should be thought at macro level. For this purpose, the aim of the paper is to propose a communication model for ergonomists and designers who believe in the value of experts. Therefore, this model presents a macro outlook onto ergonomics and product design, whereas further studies may extend the scope by presenting sub-models for reaching details in the design process or existing micro models (expert or aiding systems) will be valuable sources if they are inserted into this system. "he research is focused on literature search, accident analysis and design strategy analysis. The chief questions to be addressed in the literature search are: - What is the relation between design and ergonomics? - What is designer's responsibility in terms of design, manufacturing and products liability? - What kind of ergonomics information do designers need? How reliable are they? . - What is meant by product-user interaction? The chief questions to be addressed in accident analysis are: - What kind of information does accident analysis provide? - What is the reliability of accident data?. - How is this information used in design? The chief questions to be addressed in design strategy analysis are: - What is a model and what type of models exist in design? - What is design management? - What is a product life-cycle? reputation? . - What are the benefits of product safety in terms of company's reputation?

Changing Paradigms in Our Interactions with Self-Service Kiosks

Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series, 2014

*** Please contact for further details about the chapter. *** Human-computer interaction and holi... more *** Please contact for further details about the chapter. *** Human-computer interaction and holistic user experiences are considered crucial concepts in the design of interactive products, where interactive self-service kiosks require special attention, as they are different than any other type of consumer and personal products. The public nature of self-service kiosks suggests that social context may have an important role in understanding the experience of users when interacting with such products. Yet, this is hardly reflected in the development of self-service kiosks in which usefulness and functionality are still the basic, and usually the only, concerns. This limited discussion hinders innovation when redesigning this type of product. This chapter firstly studies the major factors affecting users&amp;amp;#39; interactions with self-service kiosks, followed by the influence of presence or absence of other people on user experience with interactive self-service kiosks looking at the relationships between different social contexts, feelings, and task performances; it then elaborates on task performances. The studies conducted to explore these relations reveal that interactions with interactive self-service kiosks are specialized according to different task qualities that these kiosks serve as well as the social context, which highlights the necessity to take into account the inseparable context during the design of these self-service kiosks. They emphasize that not only the product interface but also other product features, product body, and context should be shaped by these task qualities and the social context. Hence, suggested design implications go beyond traditional usability and technical issues, considering social context as a key issue to address innovative self-service kiosk designs.

Kişiye Özel Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri ile Farkındalık Yaratma Kullanıcı Beklentileri Analizi

Tasarım + Kuram, 2016

Son y›llarda gerek hükümet politikalar›nda gerekse kiflisel boyutta gittikçe önem kazanan sa¤l›kl... more Son y›llarda gerek hükümet politikalar›nda gerekse kiflisel boyutta gittikçe önem kazanan sa¤l›kl› yaflam fark›ndal›¤› tasar›mda da farkl› yans›malara neden olmufltur. Bu makale kapsam›nda kiflisel sa¤l›k sistemlerinin günlük hayatta kullan›lan, üzerimizde tafl›d›¤›m›z örneklerine odaklan›lacakt›r. Bu kapsam› daha da s›n›rl› tutabilmek için sa¤l›kl› yaflam›n bir parças› olan fiziksel aktiviteyi denetleyen / art›ran / motive eden, davran›fl de¤iflikli¤ini bu kapsamda ele alan ürünler incelenecektir.

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Ergonomics and Design: Projections for the Future

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Jul 1, 2000

Discussions on the role of design in the post-industrial society, creates new definitions for des... more Discussions on the role of design in the post-industrial society, creates new definitions for design. In order to avoid placing a burden on the environment, designing is faced with a new context. In this context design supports long-term use, shared use, reuse, optimisation of useability and many other concepts related with environmental concerns and ethical attitude. It is evident that all these concepts require a new strategy for design where creating value and more human-centred products gain importance. This approach brings new organisations in product life cycle, because believing in these values most of the designers and manufacturers may agree on the new motto for design “less but better”. Therefore a comprehensive strategy is necessary for the communication of ergonomics experts and designers in the near future.

User diversity in design for behavior change

Recently, using design to change user behavior for the purpose of sustainability has gained consi... more Recently, using design to change user behavior for the purpose of sustainability has gained considerable interest. One of the essential aspects of design for behavior change is to choose the right design intervention strategy for the right behaviors and for the right individuals. In this respect, consideration of different user characteristics when designing for behavior change is critical to ensure positive behavior change. This paper argues that user diversity can be addressed by grouping users with similar characteristics into different user types. It provides a framework and a methodology to create these user types based on psychological variables including global environmental attitude, attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and finally personality traits. It discusses how the framework and the methodology could be integrated into design process, and illustrates the process by using hypothetical user types. The aim of this illustrat...

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Users' Understanding of Fun in Consumer Products

This paper aims to provide an overall picture of fun in product design by analysing users' un... more This paper aims to provide an overall picture of fun in product design by analysing users' understanding of fun and comparing the findings with the related human-computer interaction (HCI) literature. The results reveal that users interpret fun from many different viewpoints, which can be categorized under four subject headings: functional qualities, enchanting qualities, visual qualities and metaphorical qualities. These keyword categories constitute a valuable database for product designers to understand users' perception and expectations in relation to fun, and are suggested as helpful for designing fun products that expansively fulfil users' needs

Attitudes of public bus drivers towards technology integration in the dashboard design

Integration of technological features, such as navigation and information displays, automation of... more Integration of technological features, such as navigation and information displays, automation of manual controls and digitalization of displays, into the public bus can be promising in terms of providing solutions for the critical contextual problems of bus drivers, such as undesired interactions with passengers and increased cognitive workload caused by the necessity of checking time frequently for complying with the schedule. However, if these systems are not accepted by bus drivers, the solutions they provide become useless and they may even constitute critical threats for safety. Therefore, in this paper the aim is to investigate bus drivers' views towards technology integration in the bus, to provide technological functions, which correspond better to their needs. To achieve this aim, (1) drivers' attitudes towards general technology, (2) their attitudes towards current technology integration in the bus dashboard, and (3) degree of involvement with the current technolo...

Information system for visualizing user research to lead innovation

It is commonly accepted that user research has crucial benefits for the design process including ... more It is commonly accepted that user research has crucial benefits for the design process including its contribution to innovation processes. In order to lead innovation through user research, besides the content of the research, it is important that the delivery should be done effectively so that design strategies that result in innovation can be adopted in the design process and the findings can guide designers to create novel outputs. This paper aims to discuss the requirements for user research delivery that aids in innovative design processes on the basis of an information system that is designed for communicating the findings of user research regarding automotive design

Exploring and communicating user diversity for behavioural change

DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking

We emphasize the importance of user diversity for behavioural change. We propose a method, user o... more We emphasize the importance of user diversity for behavioural change. We propose a method, user orientation maps, for exploring the user diversity for behavioural change and communicating this diversity to designers. In order to assess its applicability to different behavioural change contexts, we conducted two case studies. The first study explored the diversity in users&#39; orientations towards adapting an environmentally friendly driving style. The second study explored user diversity towards adapting the usage of a smart urinal system which allows patients learn their risk of having Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) without visiting a hospital. In this paper, we present the results of the second study and conclude that the proposed method has enough flexibility to be applied in different behavioural change contexts. We end the paper with a discussion on the potential implications of using the method in behavioural change projects.

Fun and Pleasure in e-learning

User types have already evolved in the digital world and expectations have gone beyond pure usabi... more User types have already evolved in the digital world and expectations have gone beyond pure usability. Emotions have become important; users are conscious demanders of usable and engaging products, appealing, interesting and enjoyable experiences. Among various applications and impacts of the digital world, e-learning stands as an important area where user- product interaction is important since this interaction determines the quality of learning outcomes. The theory and practice of e-learning points out the importance of learner centered vision and presents key issues for successful learning. Technology usage, instructional design, motivation and learning management systems are listed as main issues, but the emotional perspective is left underestimated. This study aims to present the learners' definition and expectations of 'fun' and 'pleasure' in e-learning.

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Emotional Dimensions Regarding Job Satisfaction: The Case of Dashboard Design for City Buses

In studies regarding bus drivers' workstation design, physical and cognitive ergonomics relat... more In studies regarding bus drivers' workstation design, physical and cognitive ergonomics related issues of driving are handled widely. However in order to maintain well-being of bus drivers, emotional issues should also be taken into account. The aim of this paper is to present the emotional dimensions of job satisfaction for urban bus drivers in Turkey, in order to provide design considerations for the public bus dashboard. The paper outlines the findings regarding emotional dimensions and hedonic needs from the product development project of an urban bus dashboard involving several research studies, the aim of which were not specifically to obtain users' emotional needs. However, as these needs cannot be considered separately from the needs that can be defined as tangible or functional, the outcomes of the prior studies provide important information regarding this issue.

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Path to Sustained Usage: A Model for Long Term Experience in Technological Products

Happiness is one of the major influences in what makes people use products, and what makes those ... more Happiness is one of the major influences in what makes people use products, and what makes those products an important part of daily life. What drives these aspects, some arisen from personal appraisement and some directly related to the product qualities, are important for designers, as the experiences designers form tend to affect these aspects heavily. Driven from this idea, in this paper, an exploration on the evolution of positive user experience with technological products was conducted. We asked users to think about the technological products they enjoy the most, how their experiences changed over time, and what makes them still use the product. Different qualities regarding their experience were found, some human-related, some product-related, and the relations between these qualities were looked upon further in depth. The result presented itself as a theoretical model to achieve sustained usage of technological products.

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The Dimensions of Users' Fun Experiences with Consumer Products

Fun experience' is a component of user experience (UX) which has come to increased prominence in ... more Fun experience' is a component of user experience (UX) which has come to increased prominence in recent years. However, despite the research efforts, still there isn't any comprehensively constituted framework in the literature to explain what fun actually is. Therefore, this paper aims to reveal the dimensions of users' fun experiences by conducting two empirical studies. The first study examines the product qualities that play a role in fun experiences. The results were found to be categorized under three subject headings: tangible qualities, pragmatic qualities and hedonic qualities. The second study investigates the emotional content of the fun experiences, whose results indicated that the emotions of happiness/joy, contentment, interest and amusement are elicited most intensely throughout the experience. Studying the reasons behind the elicitation of these particular emotions revealed several funrelated product qualities, and also the high relevance of amusement and humor with users' fun experiences.

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