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Nanoferrites with a composition of Ni 0.35 Zn 0.35 Co 0.2 Mn 0.05 Cu 0.05 Fe 1.98 O 4 were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The material obtained after sintering at 900°C shows almost matching permeability and permittivity values of close to 6 with low values for magnetic loss tangent ($0.03) and dielectric loss tangent ($0.008) in the range 10-200 MHz. Together with a refractive index of about six and a reduced impedance of around one, this material could be employed for loading of miniaturized antennas in the VHF band.

Indium substituted nano nickel zinc ferrites with 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 are synthesized by a coprecipitation method. Magnetic and dielectric properties are studied over a frequency range 1-30 MHz. Initial permeability is found to be in the range of 9-19 with a magnetic loss tangent of -. The dielectric constant is noticed in the range of 11-17 along with low dielectric loss tangent ( -). The composition with is found to have the highest specific saturation magnetization of 78.8 emu/g. Appreciable dielectric and magnetic values along with low losses can be correlated to small grain size and better compositional stoichiometry obtained as a result of processing by coprecipitation method. These fascinating dielectric and magnetic properties of these materials reveal a direction for high-frequency applications.

Based on the hydrodynamical model of plasmas, an analytical investigation of a transverse electro-kinetic wave and the novel properties introduced due to the presence of negatively charged colloidal particles in a compensated, magnetized group III-V semiconductor plasma is presented. We derive a compact linear dispersion relation for left-hand circularly polarized electro-kinetic waves in an ion-implanted semiconductor plasma by using multi-fluid analysis and Maxwell's equations. This dispersion relation is used to study numerically wave phenomena and the resultant instability of the left-hand circularly polarized mode. It is found that the presence of charged colloids significantly modify the dispersion and absorption characteristics of possible modes even though colloidal particles on account of their heavy masses do not participate in wave propagation. One out of the two modes is always found to be spatially growing with the growth rate increasing with the electric field.

We present an analytical study of wave spectra of electro-kinetic waves propagating through semiconductor plasma, whose main constituents are drifting electrons, holes and non-drifting negatively charged colloids. By employing the hydrodynamical model of multi-component plasma, a compact dispersion relation for the same is derived. This dispersion relation is used to study slow electro-kinetic wave phenomena and resultant instability numerically. We find some important modifications in the wave spectra of the slow electro-kinetic branch. It is found that the drift velocities of electrons and holes are responsible for converting two aperiodic modes into periodic ones. The applied dc electric field increases the phase velocities of contra-propagating modes. The amplification coefficients of propagating modes can be optimized by tuning the amplitude of applied electric field and wave number. It is hoped that the results of this investigation should be useful in understanding the wave spectra of slow electro-kinetic waves in ion-implanted semiconductor plasma subjected to a dc electric field along the direction of wave propagation.

A comprehensive investigation of propagation of new longitudinal electro-kinetic modes and novel properties introduced due to presence of negatively charged colloids in semiconductor plasma is presented. By employing the multi-fluid balance equations, a compact dispersion relation for the cases in which wave phase velocity is either larger or smaller than electron thermal velocity is derived. This dispersion relation is used to study wave phenomena and electro-kinetic mode instability numerically. We find important modifications in electro-kinetic branch as well as the existence of new modes of propagation in colloids laden semiconductor plasma. The results of this investigation should be useful in understanding the characteristics of longitudinal electro-kinetic wave in colloids laden semiconductor plasmas whose main constituents are electrons, holes and negatively charged colloids.

The instability of longitudinal electro-kinetic wave that is propagating across the magnetic field B 0 in ion-implanted group-IV semiconductor sample consisting of non-drifting electrons, holes, and negatively charged colloids is investigated. Using hydrodynamic approach, a compact dispersion relation D(ω, k) is derived for the same. The propagation and amplification characteristics of the wave in collision dominated regime are studied numerically in detail for slow and fast modes. Results show that the presence of transverse magnetic field is responsible for the modification of the existing wave spectra of the slow electro-kinetic branch. In case of fast electro-kinetic wave, the presence of magnetic field is found responsible for excitation and amplification of a new mode. It is also found that the magnetic field is responsible for the conversion of two existing aperiodic modes into periodic ones. These novel periodic modes are found to be counter-propagating in nature.

How is corporate social responsibility (CSR) implemented / organized in Indian companies? CSR integration into business operations is one of the great challenge facing Indian organizations today. The companies facing with CSR problems and challenges are required to manage effective ways of implementation of CSR projects. CSR integration with business operations involves planning and implementation of CSR activities. The common requirements of all CSR projects are resources in the form of finance, manpower and time. Depending on the availability of these resources, companies opt for different modes of executing CSR. The organizations need to assess the extent of disturbance in the business operations while adopting a method of implementation of CSR programmes and initiatives. The overall disturbance should be minimum and controllable. The results of adopting a particular method, consequences of disturbance in business operations and long term performance of company must outweigh the cost of adoption of a particular method of implementation of CSR. This study aims to explore the methods of implementation of CSR in Indian companies. Further, it is intended to investigate if there are any differences / uniqueness in methods of CSR implementation and what is the preference of companies in selection of the various methods of implementation of CSR.A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from top 500 Indian companies resulting in responses from 162 companies. The data was subjected to computing percentages analysis and rating method.

This paper being critical review and viewpoint is an effort to study whether E-governance can make a significant contribution to the achievement of successful and sustainable deployment of Good  Governance  in  India.  This  paper  attempts  to  define  the  meaning  of  e-governance  in national and international perspective. Furthermore it tries to demystify about major challenges in  implementation  of  e-governance  in  India.  It  also  suggests  some  inferences  to  triumph  the success of e-governance especially in context of India. It starts with a definition of e-governance, and  then  presents  a  general  e-governance  model  and  several  case  studies  (initiatives)  and
examples.  The  study  focuses  on  extensive  study  of  secondary  data  collected  from  government websites,  various  national  and  international  journals  and  articles,  publications,  conference papers,  government  reports,  newspapers,  magazines  which  focused  on  various  aspects  of governance. E-governance has been recognized as a vital force for transformational improvement in quality, efficiency and effectiveness of governance. Indian government is making many efforts
to  provide  services  to  its  citizens  through  e-Governance.  Use  of  ICT  in  governance  (egovernance) fosters all elements of Good Governance. It can be concluded that e-governance is the  key  to  the  ― Good  Governance‖  for  the  developing  countries  like  India  to  minimize
corruption,  provides  efficient  and  effective  or  quality  services  to  their  citizens.  E-governance increase  democratic  participation,  accountability,  transparency,  and  the  quality  and  speed  of
services.  However  environment  needs  to  be  developed  for  the  effective  implementation  of  e-government in India. The present study provides a starting-point for further research in this field for development  techniques  for  e-governance,  resolutions  of  the  barriers  for  smooth implementations of e-governance.

This paper offers views on some current and future trends in marketing. The content is based on recent literature and on what is happening in the business world. The paper is based on secondary data. The paper is based on extant literature and internet sources. The various articles, researches, reports, newspapers, magazines, various websites and the information on internet have been studied. We experience a radical change in India towards the digitalization. The consumer are looking and searching more on internet to find the best deal form the sellers around India as compared to traditional or conventional methods. In this study, we acknowledged that businesses can really benefit from Digital Marketing such as search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), content marketing, influencer marketing, content automation, e-commerce marketing, campaign marketing, and social media marketing, social media optimization, e-mail direct marketing, display advertising, e–books, optical disks and games and are becoming more and more common in our advancing technology. It is demonstrated that we all are connected through whatsapp and facebook and the increasing use of social media is creating new opportunities for digital marketers to attract the customers through digital platform. Awareness of consumer’s motives is important because it provides a deeper understanding of what influences users to create content about a brand or store. Digital marketing is cost effective and having a great commercial impact on the business. Based on this study, it can further be argued that knowing which social media sites a company’s target market utilizes is another key factor in guaranteeing that online marketing will be successful. The effectiveness of Internet marketing with respect to different business can be analyzed. The study can further be extended to compare the internet marketing techniques with specific to various businesses.

This  paper  aims  to  focus  on  exploring  initiatives  and  practices  of  Corporate  Social Responsibility  in  the  context  of  selected  Indian  Companies.  Its  purpose  is  to  understand, document  and  review  the  Corporate  Social  Responsibility  Initiatives  of  relatively  selected
companies in India, with a view to understand their current thinking on it.  The  study  is  based  on  extant  literature  and  will  include  the
examples from current Indian Scenario in selected companies. This paper studies the Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives taken by Indian Companies. Secondary research is conducted for the Indian companies through their corporate web sites pages containing information about their CSR initiatives.  Information listed in this research paper is derived from  CSR reports,  Annual Reports, Press Releases, White Papers and various references.  Most of the companies have started to understand that they can use CSR as a strategy
in order to gain benefits and to make a better place for all people. In the long term, the firms that are socially responsible are successful. The  present  study  provides  a  starting-point  for  further research in Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives. This paper is of value to the researcher and practitioners of corporate social responsibility. The study, I hope, would help other small and medium sized companies, to actualize their CSR interventions.

Education is backbone of any economy and it has pivotal role in national building and moulding superb wings of human recourse. Every country is spending much amount for enhancement of education. CSR, as a strategic practice, is a key to organizational success because it is one of the few practices that can positively impact all three elements of the Triple Bottom Line (Economic, Social, Environment), contributing to a healthy bottom line and long-term sustainability. There have been significant improvements made in education sector across India since Independence. With the advent of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), significant attention has been given to achieving the goal of Universal Primary Education, at the centre of which is Universal Primary Enrolment. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA) and the Right to Education Act (RTE) were India’s responses to this commitment and in terms of enrolment figures, there has been substantial progress. However, considerable issues regarding quality of education, lack of learning, teacher quality, lack of accountability, good teacher retention irrelevant curriculum and pedagogy remain big challenges for Indian nation, and these challenges will have serious consequences on the growth and development potential of the country. Learning outcomes are clearly dispersed between high and low income schools, leading to massive inequity in education outcomes. Annual Status of Education Report(s) (ASER) have shown that learning outcomes in rural India have declined even after the implementation of the Right to Education. With the onset of the new regulatory requirements and the quantum of CSR monies released, companies will need high quality and regular information to make well informed decisions on causes that they want to support. In order to understand the current CSR trends in education, their implications for CSR and CSR issues & challenges in education, author has attempted this study.

Purpose-India is a country which has assured by mandating CSR through its legislative action. Enactment of Companies Act, 2013 by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India was one of the world's largest experiments of introducing the CSR as a mandatory provision by imposing statutory obligation on Companies to take up CSR projects towards social welfare activities. This has made India the only country which has regulated and mandated CSR for some select categories of companies registered under the Act. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the perceptions of CSR managers towards corporate social responsibility (CSR) after its legislation in India. Design/methodology/approach-This paper reviewed the relevant literature of CSR. Through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with Indian companies, this study analysed perceptions of CSR managers towards CSR. Out of the top 1000 companies in India, 250

Purpose: - Traditionally India's tax regime relied heavily on indirect taxes. Revenue from indirect taxes was the major source of tax revenue till tax reforms were undertaken during nineties. The major argument put forth for heavy reliance on indirect taxes was that the India's majority of population was poor and thus widening base of direct taxes had inherent limitations. But the Indian system of indirect taxation is characterized by cascading, distorting tax on production of goods and services which leads to hampering productivity and slower economic growth. There are endless taxes in present system few levied by Centre and rest levied by state, to remove this multiplicity of taxes and reducing the burden of the tax payer a simple tax is required and that is Goods and Service Tax (GST). This paper throws an insight into the Goods and Service Tax concept, Model, advantages, disadvantages and its impact on Indian economy.

Design/Research Methodology/Approach: - The paper is based on secondary data. The paper is based on extant literature and internet sources have been used. The various articles, researches, government reports, newspapers, magazines, various websites and the information on internet have been studied.
Key Findings: - Amalgamating several Central and State taxes into a single tax would mitigate cascading or double taxation, facilitating a common national market. The simplicity of the tax should lead to easier administration and enforcement. GST is expected to pave way for better e-commerce and will make industries more competitive. GST will be a game changing reform for Indian economy by developing a common Indian market and reducing the cascading effect of tax on the cost of goods and services. It will impact the Tax Structure, Tax Incidence, Tax Computation, Tax Payment, Compliance, Credit Utilization and Reporting leading to a complete overhaul of the current indirect tax system.

Research Limitations/Implications: - The present study provides a starting-point for further research in this field. This study can further be explored with respect to real benefits in India. 

Keywords: - Tax, GST, VAT, CGST, SCGT, IGST

Purpose: - Traditionally India's tax regime relied heavily on indirect taxes. Revenue from indirect taxes was the major source of tax revenue till tax reforms were undertaken during nineties. The major argument put forth for heavy reliance on indirect taxes was that the India's majority of population was poor and thus widening base of direct taxes had inherent limitations. But the Indian system of indirect taxation is characterized by cascading, distorting tax on production of goods and services which leads to hampering productivity and slower economic growth. There are endless taxes in present system few levied by Centre and rest levied by state, to remove this multiplicity of taxes and reducing the burden of the tax payer a simple tax is required and that is Goods and Service Tax (GST). This paper throws an insight into the Goods and Service Tax concept and its impact on Indian economy.

Design/Research Methodology/Approach: - The paper is based on secondary data. The paper is based on extant literature and internet sources have been used. The various articles, researches, government reports, newspapers, magazines, various websites and the information on internet have been studied.
Key Findings: - The macroeconomic impact of GST is significant in terms of growth effects, price effects, current account effects and the effect on the budget balance. In developing open economy with growing service sector, a change in the tax mix from income to consumption-based taxes is likely to provide a fruitful source of revenue. The proposed structure will simplify the procedure which will end up with equal opportunity for all the markets and in other hand will leads reduced tax evasion.

Research Limitations/Implications: - The present study provides a starting-point for further research in this field. This further can be explained with respect to real benefits in India after successful implementation of GST. 

Keywords: - Tax, GST, VAT, CGST, SCGT, IGST

India is undergoing through a phase of digital transformation. The digital transformation can be seen in India almost in many areas like in government policies, business activities, governance, education etc. The digital businesses are focused on integrating digital technologies, such as mobile, social, analytics, big data, cloud, Internet of things, Industry 4.0 etc. Challenge to digital transformation is that risk taking is becoming a cultural norm as more digitally advanced companies seek new levels of competitive advantage. The companies, where digital technologies are critical parts of the infrastructure, will soon be profitable on average, had higher revenues, and achieved a bigger market valuation than competitors. With emerging digital technologies, however, there are significant challenges & issues associated with cloud, mobile, social, and big data initiatives. The survey suggests that the primary risks preventing their wider adoption are data security issues, lack of interoperability with existing IT systems, and lack of control etc. The purpose of this chapter is to review critically initiatives, issues and challenges in digital transformation of a business in India.

The purpose of this paper is to review corporate social responsibilities (CSR) activities in Indian companies after its legislation through company bill act 2013 under section 135. The study is based on extant literature and will include the examples from current scenario in Indian companies. Secondary research is conducted for the Indian companies through their corporate web sites pages containing information about their CSR initiatives. Information listed in this research paper is derived from CSR reports, Annual Reports, Press Releases, White Papers and various references. Indian companies have started to understand that they can use CSR as a strategy in order to gain benefits and to make a better place for all people. In the long term, the firms that are socially responsible are successful. The present study provides a starting-point for further research in Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives. This paper is of value to the researcher and practitioners of corporate social responsibility. The study, I hope, would help other small and medium sized companies, to actualize their CSR interventions.

Purpose: - To identify the CSR practices, analyze their underlie components and study them for similarities/differences across Private Indian Companies (PC), Multinational Companies (MNC) and Public Sector Companies (PSCS).

Design/methodology/approach:  -  The  study  is  based  on  primary  data constituting  a  sample  of  145  companies  including  65  Private  Indian Companies  (PICs),  51  Multinational  Companies  (MNCs)  and  29  Public Sector Companies (PSCs) working in India in various sectors. The data thus generated was analyzed with the help of factor analysis.

Findings: - The study finds that there is no major difference in components of CSR practices of PICs, MNCs and PSCs. The identified CSR factors emerged from PICs are Employee Welfare, Environmental and Natural Resources Protection, Community Development and Community Affairs. The identified CSR  factors  emerged  from  MNCs  are  Community  Welfare,  Employee Development  &  Safety,  Environmental  and  Natural  Resources  Protection, Working  under  law  and  compliance,  Employment  Generation  and Community  Supported  that  of  PSCs  are  Employee  Welfare  and  Social Support, Sustainable Development, Community Development and Heath & Scholarship Program. The difference lies only in priority/preference to follow CSR practices.

Research/limitations/implications: - It is a starting-point for further research in Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives. The paper is of value to the researcher and practitioners of corporate social responsibility.  The study would help others companies who yet to start CSR and to actualize their CSR interventions.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, CSR Trends, CSR Practices, Community Welfare, Sustainability, CSR India, CSR Initiatives

In the 21st century, a nation’s progress is catalyzed through its knowledge economy, which is driven by the creative capabilities and leverage of its innovation. Intellectual property law awards to inventors, artists, and institutions certain exclusive rights to produce, copy, distribute, and license goods and technologies within a country. Patents have played a key role in changing national and global innovation landscape.  The intellectual property rights (IPR) are intangible in nature and provides exclusive rights to inventor or creator for their valuable invention or creation. In present scenario of globalization, IPR is the focal point in global trade practices and livelihood across the world. These rights boost the innovative environment by giving recognition and economic benefits to creator or inventor whereas the lack of IPR awareness and its ineffective implementation may hamper the economic, technical and societal developments of nation. Hence dissemination of IPR knowledge and its appropriate implementation is utmost requirement for any nation. The present paper reviews and discusses National IPR Policy of India.