CSR Ethics

Corporate social responsibility is an emerging area for social science research. Every organization are preparing some strategy to provide voluntary support towards the social development of activities. It helps to promote a positive vibe for the organization as well as to enhance the life style of the society. This paper aims to establish the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance of the firm as well as examine the determinants of corporate social responsibility which influence the financial performance of the selected corporates. The study considered tools like descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis to justify the objectives. The study relies on secondary data which are collected from the enlisted companies of National Stock Exchange over the period of 5 years from 2018 to 2022. The study basically based on the data collected on the major Power Sector companies in India. This paper aims to study the influence of corporate social responsibility on financial performance where the corporate social responsibility cost has been taken as independent variable and ROE and ROA as dependent variables. The study finds that Return on Asset is positively influence the expenditure on corporate social responsibility and Return on Equity is positively influence corporate social responsibility cost. The results suggest that the company should adopt various activities towards the socioeconomic development which leads to enhance the corporate performance.

The term "Corporate Social Responsibility" (CSR) describes the moral duty of companies to contribute towards society in ways that go beyond their primary financial objectives. It covers a broad range of programs, such as community development, gender equality, healthcare, education, and environmental sustainability. It has emerged as a strategic priority for firms looking to promote inclusive growth while aligning with national agendas. As the largest Public Sector Bank of the country, the State Bank of India has emerged as a pioneer in promoting significant corporate social responsibility activities across a wide range of sectors. This paper examines State Bank of India's CSR journey from FY 2020-21 to FY 2023-24 by examining the spending patterns, sector-wise allocations, and evolving focus areas. The SBI Foundation, founded in 2015, is a significant driver of State Bank of India's CSR implementation. It serves as the primary implementation agency for the bank's corporate responsibility initiatives. The Foundation has greatly expanded SBI's grassroots impact with the help of established initiatives like SBI Youth for India, which appoints young professionals to rural development roles and SBI Gram Seva, which encourages holistic village development. SBI exhibits a long-term dedication to societal improvement through regular investments in healthcare, education, livelihood creation, and environmental sustainability. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for improving the effectiveness and accessibility of State Bank of India's CSR strategy.

The COVID19 pandemic has affected almost all areas of living and education is one of it. The teaching staff of Kutch University being one of the renowned universities of Gujarat shifted from physical to online teaching. The paper here emphasis to study that teachers having ICT knowledge or not, whether have taken training or not for online classes on the overall experience of online classes, online teaching platforms, online assessments. The data is collected primarily using structured questionnaire responded by teaching staff of Kutch University, Bhuj, Kutch. It is confined to Kutch region only. To analyse the data categorical and nominal variables statistical tools like mean, rank mean, cumulative means, Chi square test and Mann Whitney test were used. It explained mostly all teachers have knowledge of ICT except some Arts faculties. Almost faculties of all colleges have taken training for online classes except few private colleges. The overall satisfaction level for those who have no ICT literacy and not taken training for online classes was showed higher. Microsoft teams and Google forms gives overall higher satisfaction in taking online classes and online assessment. The training did not affect the satisfaction level while solving technical problems in online classes. Keyword:

Background: Occupational stress is multi-dimensional and wide-ranging factors lead to it. A survey by GOQii reveals that work stress in Indians has increased since 2021. It becomes imperative to know and understand the key determinants and drivers of occupational stress. Objectives: The study aims to find major factors of occupational stress and assess individual magnitude of each factor on work stress. Method: Quantitative approach was used to collect data of Public and Private sector employees of Gujarat using purposive sampling. 574 responses were collected over a period of 6 months from October 2022 to March 2023 using a structured questionnaire and analysed by factor analysis and cluster analysis using IBM SPSS. Findings: The study identified four major drivers of occupational stress namely-Poor interrelationships and health problems because of job, work fatigue, poor work environment and work overload. Health problems, bringing office work to home, mood swings because of work environment and no time for family and friends because of work were some of the reasons contributing to occupational stress. Practical implication: This study is consistent with previous researches that suggest that employers should pay attention to the workload and deadlines given to employees. Employers need to make sure that a positive and healthy work environment is created, proper seating and lighting arrangements are made, and fair workload distribution is done, in order to reduce occupational stress in the employees.

Environmental issues have attained importance in business as well as in public life throughout the world. As society becomes more concerned with the natural environment, businesses have started to modify their behavior in an effort to address society's new concerns. Some businesses have been quick to accept concepts like environmental management systems and waste minimization Eco-friendly products, and have incorporated environmental issues into all organizational activities. Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed peculiar importance in the modern market and has emerged as a significant concept in India as in other parts of the developing and developed world, and is seen as an important strategy of facilitating sustainable development. Green marketing is a tool utilized by many companies in various industries to follow this trend. The development of green marketing has opened the door of opportunity for companies to co-brands & their products into a separate line, lauding the green-friendliness of some while ignoring that of others. The paper distinguishes the three particular segments of green consumers and explores the challenges and opportunities, businesses have with green marketing. The paper also studies the present trends of green marketing in India and describes the reason why companies are assuming it and future of green marketing and concludes that green marketing is something that will endlessly grow in both practice and demand. It also focuses some of the problems with green marketing.

Environmental issues have attained importance in business as well as in public life throughout the world. As society becomes more concerned with the natural environment, businesses have started to modify their behavior in an effort to address society's new concerns. Some businesses have been quick to accept concepts like environmental management systems and waste minimization Eco-friendly products, and have incorporated environmental issues into all organizational activities. Green marketing is a phenomenon which has developed peculiar importance in the modern market and has emerged as a significant concept in India as in other parts of the developing and developed world, and is seen as an important strategy of facilitating sustainable development. Green marketing is a tool utilized by many companies in various industries to follow this trend. The development of green marketing has opened the door of opportunity for companies to co-brands & their products into a separate line, lauding the green-friendliness of some while ignoring that of others. The paper distinguishes the three particular segments of green consumers and explores the challenges and opportunities, businesses have with green marketing. The paper also studies the present trends of green marketing in India and describes the reason why companies are assuming it and future of green marketing and concludes that green marketing is something that will endlessly grow in both practice and demand. It also focuses some of the problems with green marketing.

Altruistic behaviour and Social Sensitivity are two factors that stand for human wellbeing in a changing society day by day. Most of the society acknowledges the importance of the altruism and social sensitivity which benefit a community as a whole. This study examined the relationship between Altruistic Behaviour and Social Sensitive Among 10 th and 12 th Equivalency Students in Calicut District. Study conducted on 250 Equivalency students in various panjayath in Calicut District using stratified random sampling technique. Altruistic Behaviour scale and Social Sensitivity scale was used to gather data. Analysis of variance show that 10 th and 12 th Equivalency student's Altruistic Behaviour and Social Sensitivity were statistically significant and the relationship is positive. In the case of male and female average level of Altruistic Behaviour and Social Sensitivity among them. But the same time Social Sensitivity of the students depends upon Altruistic Behaviour of the students. It was found that Altruistic Behaviour was positively and significantly correlated with the variable Social Sensitivity.

The study investigates the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities within the soft drinks industry on the consumers buying behaviour. The research uses qualitative method-focus groups interview in order to effectively answer three key research questions. The findings showed that large proportion of the focus group member where of the opinion that CSR has significant influence on their perception and purchase behaviour. The study recommends that soft drinks players should embark on a two-way communication so as to awaken CSR interest of the consumer which was found to be dormant part of human.

The measurement of hydrometric data, such as discharge and suspended sediment concentration, is conducted at various gauging stations in India. The relationship between these two variables is established using the sediment rating curve (SRC), which allows for estimating suspended sediment load based on the data. However, it is crucial to ensure the accuracy of the estimated sediment load in order to maintain the reliability of the SRC. The main focus of this research paper is to investigate the impact of data grouping on the development of sediment rating curves (SRCs) for estimating suspended sediment load from discharge data. To conduct this analysis, ten years of data from the Sarangkheda gauging station on the Tapi River in India are utilized. Various methods of data grouping, such as daily, monthly, and cumulative averages, are compared. The findings of the study demonstrate that relying on data from a single year can result in significant errors and uncertainties in SRCs. Conversely, utilizing cumulative data improves the accuracy and reliability of SRCs. Moreover, it is suggested that a minimum of seven years of cumulative data is necessary to establish a robust SRC model.

Abstract
This dissertation investigates the effect of B Corp certification on employee satisfaction and organisational culture, filling a notable gap in corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature. While B Corp certification is often promoted for its external benefits, its influence on internal stakeholders, particularly employees, remains underexplored. The central research question examines whether B Corp certification leads to substantial and sustainable improvements in employee satisfaction and organisational commitment, or if its impact is more symbolic and limited.
Adopting a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative component involves statistical analysis of a large dataset of employee reviews, comparing B Corp-certified and non-certified companies across various industries and company sizes. This includes longitudinal analysis to assess changes in employee satisfaction over time and cross-industry analysis, with particular focus on sectors such as Technology & Digital, Food & Beverage, and Retail & Consumer Goods. The qualitative component includes sentiment analysis and thematic content analysis of employee feedback to gain deeper insights into how B Corp certification affects workplace culture and employee perceptions.
The findings indicate that B Corp certification is associated with moderate improvements in specific areas of employee satisfaction, notably diversity and inclusion, and career opportunities. These effects were particularly evident in industries where CSR-driven practices align closely with business models, such as the Technology & Digital sector. However, the study found no significant differences in overall employee satisfaction, work-life balance, or other key areas like culture values and compensation between B Corp-certified and non-certified companies. These results suggest that while B Corp certification can positively impact certain dimensions of employee experience, its influence is more nuanced and does not necessarily lead to broad improvements in overall satisfaction.
The research also highlights potential limitations, revealing that B Corp certification can sometimes serve more as a symbolic gesture than as a driver of transformative change. When certification is pursued primarily for reputational benefits rather than as part of a genuine commitment to CSR principles, the positive impacts on employee satisfaction may be superficial and short-lived. The clustering analysis, which categorised companies based on industry and size, further emphasised the importance of organisational context in evaluating the effects of CSR initiatives. The analysis showed that larger B Corp-certified companies tend to outperform smaller ones in certain areas like work-life balance and diversity, while in some industries, non-certified companies with strong internal practices may exhibit higher employee satisfaction without formal certification.
B Corp certification can enhance specific aspects of employee satisfaction, particularly in fostering inclusivity and career development. However, its broader impact on overall satisfaction, including key workplace issues like communication, leadership, and compensation, is limited. Organisations seeking to maximise the benefits of B Corp certification must commit to authentic and ongoing integration of ethical practices into their corporate culture. Certification alone is not a universal solution for improving the employee experience. It must be supported by effective internal practices that genuinely reflect the values that B Corp certification represents.

This paper explains how Nestlé used shared value concept to make agriculture more sustainable and achieve more profit by creating business value. Based on qualitative research, we use a case study approach to investigate the idea of shared value in achieving sustainable agriculture. We analyzed Nestlé programs in three areas: rural development, Environmental sustainability and Water field. We found that applying shared value concept by nestle make agriculture more sustainable and leads for business value.

The study "Effects of Corporate Governance on an Organization's Performance: Case of Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC)" aimed at comprehensively evaluate the corporate governance framework of the CCPC, analyze its effects on organizational performance, and identify best practices and recommendations for enhancing governance strategies. The first objective focused on evaluating the corporate

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a topic of interest for many companies, especially medium and large ones, mainly based in the West. Despite the generally positive perception of the issue, the greatest risk that can be seen today concerning corporate social responsibility is that it becomes only a marketing activity whose purpose could improve the image and reputation of the company without having a real social and territorial impact.

This study investigated the attitudes toward social, economic, and environmental corporate responsibilities of 3,064 managers and business students in 8 European countries. Participants in Western European countries hade significantly different perspectives on the importance of these corporate responsibilities than those in Central and Eastern European countries. Work experience (managers vs. business students) influences social and environmental orientations more than the economic orientation for only some countries. Implications for future research and organizations in Europe are discussed.

Corporate social responsibility allows the corporate to fulfill its duties and responsibilities towards society. It makes the company accountable not only to the shareholder but to the society as a large. Tata Group is one of the prominent group which contribute significantly in the area of health, education, Environment. Only to generate the revenue should not the objective of the corporate but it needs to think about the surrounding also for the long term survival. This paper focuses on the CSR activities of the Tata Group.

Με αφορμή το μάθημα «Ηθική και Εταιρική Κοινωνική Ευθύνη» του ΜΠΣ Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων, με υπεύθυνη καθηγήτρια την κα Δρ. Έμιλυ Τσίκκου, μας δόθηκε η ευκαιρία να μελετήσουμε μία εταιρεία, η οποία έχει έδρα εντός ευρωπαϊκής ένωσης και κατόπιν να εντοπίσουμε 6 ομάδες ενδιαφερόμενων μερών (εσωτερικές ή/και εξωτερικές) με τις οποίες αλληλοεπιδρώνται και να εξηγήσουμε πως  η κάθε ομάδα επηρεάζει τη διαμόρφωση και υλοποίηση προγραμμάτων ΕΚΕ, καθώς επίσης και την εφαρμογή ηθικής κουλτούρας οργανισμού.

Green marketing, a dynamic and evolving field, has gained prominence in response to the growing global concern for environmental sustainability. Green marketing also referred to as sustainable marketing or environmental marketing has experienced remarkable growth as both businesses and consumers increasingly prioritize environmental and social responsibility. Green marketing refers to the promotion and sale of products or services that are environmentally friendly or have sustainable attributes. This marketing approach emphasizes the environmental benefits of the product or service, such as reduced carbon footprint, energy efficiency, use of recycled materials, or biodegradability. The aim of green marketing is to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers and encourage them to choose products or services that have a lesser impact on the environment compared to conventional alternatives. It often involves highlighting the eco-friendly features of a product or service through advertising, packaging, and branding strategies. This research paper delves into the comprehensive prospects and intricate challenges of green marketing, underpinned by an array of statistical facts and case studies. Through an exhaustive review of existing literature and data-driven analysis, this paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the current landscape of green marketing, its evolving trends, and strategies to address challenges and harness its prospects effectively.

RESUMEN La investigación referente al modelo de excelencia EFQM, es una tesis de pregrado cuyo objetivo fue el de establecer la incidencia de la implantación de los agentes facilitadores del modelo EFQM de excelencia en el desempeño de la empresa Total Distribuidores E.I.R.L., Pucallpa, en la mejora de la rentabilidad y desarrollo empresarial. El estudio se sirvió de las concepciones y estrategias del modelo EFQM de Excelencia, relacionado con otras formas, en un enfoque más amplio y completo de gestión; para valorar el avance de la empresa hacia la excelencia. El diseño que se empleó fue cuasiexperimental de pretest-postest con grupo experimental, sin grupo de control, siendo el nivel de investigación, explicativo. Cuando se usó la estadística, se determinó que la empresa Total Distribuidores E.I.R.L., aumentó en su Puntuación Global en un 13.4 %, como cantidad del Grado de Excelencia, posterior a la implantación del Modelo EFQM; por lo tanto, se establece que la aplicación de dich...

Of late, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the edict for most businesses. However, there is no thorough measurement available on the impact of CSR initiatives on business performance yet, CSR is believed to have a positive relationship with a company's goodwill and thereby have a positive impact on consumer's behaviour. This empirical exploration embarks on investigating the influence of CSR practices on a company's image and reputation with special reference to fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies and, in turn, on public opinion relating to the business. Further, the study empirically examines the influence of CSR practices on a consumer's buying decision process and also validates if customers react to CSR activities in a similar way or does it vary as per different demographics.

The study of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of marketing has been increasing in the Brazilian scenario. However, for decision making to be effective in organizations, we need to know consumers' relationship intention in view of the social actions developed. The present study seeks to identify which dimensions of CSR influence consumers' purchase and repurchase intention. Our interest was to observe which dimension of CSR stimulates long-term relationships between consumers and their suppliers, which is the main novelty of this study. We searched the dimensions of CSR in the literature and discuss the consumer relationship intention with the companies. Thereafter, from the constructs adapted for this research, we performed a study with 544 consumers in Brazil. We analyzed the data through structural equations modeling. The results show that of the four dimensions of CSR (philanthropic, legal, organizational, and ethical), only the philanthropic dimension indicated an influence on consumers' relationship intention with socially responsible companies, which suggests that the Brazilian consumer understands CSR to be synonymous with philanthropy. The main contribution of this study is to note that companies that operate in the CSR philanthropic dimension tend to more easily establish long-term relationships with their consumers.

This study examines how personal values affect the impact of perceived CSR aspects on purchase intentions by investigating the differences between two groups of customers, which are customers with more self‐centered values (self‐enhancement value orientation) and customers with more altruistic values (self‐transcendent value orientation). The research sample consisted of 356 customers of six banks in Algiers, capital city of Algeria. Research hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling (SEM). Data analyses revealed that personal values can change the strength and the direction of the relationship between the perceived economic and philanthropic aspects of CSR on purchase intentions. However, no such effect is detected on the links between perceived legal and ethical aspect of CSR and purchase intentions. Customers with self‐enhancement values are more interested in economic and legal aspects of CSR, whereas customers with self‐transcendence values are mainly interested in...

The major objective of the study was to find out the relationship between the achievement of science and academic anxiety of secondary school students. The other aim was to find out correlation among the academic anxiety, family environment and achievement of science. The sample of the study was comprises of 100 secondary school students. The sample was selected from two government schools of district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh. The study found achievement in science shows a positive correlation with academic anxiety and family environment but the values does not comes out to be significant. It also shows academic anxiety and family environment does not show significant correlation.

The world needs better human beings to be a better place to live. However, to reach a better world depends on the development of the organizational etiquette, the ethics, and individuals with a clear purpose of life. The coevolution means that all the stakeholders involved in different levels may have the possibility to influence, positively or negatively, in the process. This paper aims to develop an integral framework connecting different aspects of internal and external environment and the topics of ethics, etiquette and strategy. The integrative framework is an attempt to work on a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that concerns the individual, the company and society. Thus, a primal objective of the executive should reconcile the person progress with the delivery of results. The competitive world is not a source of more cheats and injustices, but a motivation for more ethics actions and construction of better social etiquettes that will help to the coevolution of different stakeholders and, in the end, all the society will be better, little by little, through a continuous process of development

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a management concept in which businesses incorporate social and environmental issues into their operations and interactions with stakeholder. Its purpose is to conserve the environment on a local and global scale. It ensures that human rights are respected. As a result, bribery and corruption are avoided. It encourages corporations and their business partners to follow labour norms. With strengthening socio-regulatory dynamics, corporate social responsibility as a prominent subject of public policy has occupied a vital role in the Indian business scenario, as it has built up a durable relationship with the population at large. Human resources are thought to be the backbone of all economic initiatives in India. Everyone, whether an individual or an organization has a social responsibility obligation. The primary goal of this study will be to look into the perspectives of India's potential business executives regarding corporate social responsibility. The local community is uninterested in engaging in and contributing to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts. This is due to a lack of understanding of environmental management, eco-efficiency, responsible sourcing, stakeholder involvement, labour standards and working conditions, employee and community connections, social equality, gender balance, human rights, good governance, and anti-corruption efforts. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India is at an all-time peak. On the surface, several large corporations engage in these Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives, marketing and emphasizing them to the common people.

Scholarship on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has progressed to encompass a variety of theoretical frameworks. The adoption of Stakeholder Theory is prominent with regard to CSR among big businesses but its applicability towards micro and small businesses is contested. Micro and small businesses possess distinct differences most notably their less formal structure and more pronounced indigenous cultural diversity. To expand scholarship on CSR, this research explores the relatively less studied realm of micro businesses or informal businesses. Due to their rudimentary structure, micro businesses normally operate with other organizations, institutions, and each other, and are thus intricately linked with the local community. Hence, this research explores a locality and institution where micro businesses thrive-Jelutong wet market in Penang, Malaysia. This research offers a rare and arguably novel perspective. Firstly, the micro businesses are operating alongside and constantly interacting with each other within the institutional setting of a wet market ("Wet markets" in Malaysia are akin to farmers' markets in America. They are usually established and operated by the local city or municipal council. Wet markets typically consist of a main market building and the surrounding roads and open areas. Meats, poultry, seafood, and vegetables are usually sold in the main market building that is sheltered. Slaughtering and de-feathering of poultry, and butchering of pork, beef, and lamb are usually conducted at the building premise and the floor is frequently wet hence the term "wet market." The surrounding roads and open areas usually sell vegetables, fruits, hardware, clothing, toys, street hawker food, economy rice, savories, and a plethora of other goods and services.). Secondly, the said wet market is located in Penang, Malaysia that is highly diverse in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion, language, age, and socioeconomics. The fieldwork employs multiple local languages for a high degree of authenticity and richness in data. Thirdly, this research adopts the methodology of phenomenology with a multi-layered approach. The fieldwork consists of thirty (30) primary interviews followed by five (5) verification interviews all conducted in local languages the respondents are most comfortable in expressing themselves, fifteen (15) non-participant observations, and ten (10) participant observations. An abductive research strategy is adopted and first-order constructs in the form of everyday typifications are adduced. The first-order constructs are analyzed along the layers of Carroll's Pyramid of CSR. Subsequently, the second-order constructs are iteratively analyzed and three (3) typologies on CSR among micro businesses emerged. Finally, the findings from the second-order constructs are superimposed back onto the Pyramid of CSR. A different Pyramid of CSR emerges with fresh insights on the phenomenon of CSR among micro businesses. Retroductive reflection, reasoning, and analysis reveal Social Capital Theory as the most suitable theoretical framework and the implications for CSR scholarship are discussed.

The importance of ethical management in organisations has been emphasized in recent years. The latest research on global economic crime published in 2018 shows that almost half of global organisations claim to have experienced economic crime during the past two years. Surprisingly, as much as 52% of all economic crime is committed by people from within an organisation. Company regulations concerning ethics and its importance often fail to be reflected in the reality of day-today business practice. The goal of the paper is to present the possible activities of today's companies in three major areas of ethical management (social, economic and ecological). Literature review allowed the author to clarify the objectives of his empirical research. The aim of the research was to endeavour to answer the following question: Does the recently popular concept of CSR actually affect the treatment of employees, the relationships with the stakeholders and the environmental policies within the corporation studied, or is it merely an element of the company's marketing strategy? Moreover, on the basis of his research conducted in Ferrero Poland, the Author tries to find out if nowadays corporations have adequate skills and experience in managing social responsibility projects. As a result of empirical research, the paper presents practical ways of putting ethical strategies into practice. The article presents i.a. the following examples of ethical management: Code of Business Conduct, The Code of Ethics, Advertising and Marketing Principles, the eco project "Ferrero4Future," CSR reporting, Integrity Helpline, Ferrero University, Michele Ferrero Entrepreneurial Project (supporting local communities), Kinder Plus Sport Project "Joy of Moving" and the work of Ferrero Foundation.

Based on a study of the social responsibility in the most representative Spanish Energy Companies, this article introduces a reflection of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a strategy that emphasizes its role and potential contribution to the marketing discipline. Using an inductive method, this research has taken as sample the three representative Spanish Energy Companies (Endesa, Iberdrola and Gas Natural) and has focused its investigation in the management of their CSR actions, considering them as part of their public relations programs and paying special attention to their intention. The real possibility to get advantages working in CSR encourages companies to continue on this way. I.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the notion of a stakeholder approach are pivotal concepts when examining the role of business in society, but their relationship has been studied and much debated for decades. Academic research on the social or societal responsibilities of business organisations and the public interest in social and environmental issues incumbent upon businesses have changed since the 1950s. This article provides an overview of the existing research on CSR over the past 50 years and identifies key characteristics defining the concept of CSR. It also examines the challenges and implications of the stakeholder approach as highlighted by previous research, often in relation to research on CSR.

This study investigated the attitudes toward social, economic, and environmental corporate responsibilities of 3,064 managers and business students in 8 European countries. Participants in Western European countries hade significantly different perspectives on the importance of these corporate responsibilities than those in Central and Eastern European countries. Work experience (managers vs. business students) influences social and environmental orientations more than the economic orientation for only some countries. Implications for future research and organizations in Europe are discussed.

This study investigated the attitudes toward social, economic, and environmental corporate responsibilities of 3,064 managers and business students in 8 European countries. Participants in Western European countries hade significantly different perspectives on the importance of these corporate responsibilities than those in Central and Eastern European countries. Work experience (managers vs. business students) influences social and environmental orientations more than the economic orientation for only some countries. Implications for future research and organizations in Europe are discussed.

This study investigated the attitudes toward social, economic, and environmental corporate responsibilities of 3064 current managers and business students in 8 European countries. • Participants in Western European countries had significantly different perspectives on the importance of these corporate responsibilities (CR) than those in Central and East European countries. Within each country, environmental CR is perceived as most important in both CEE and Western European countries. Across countries, Western European respondents accord more importance to social CR and less importance to economic CR. CEE countries are not homogenous, e.g., CR attitudes in the Czech Republic are closer to that of Western Europeans, possibly triggered by the accession to EU. • Work experience (managers vs. business students) influences social and environmental orientations more than the economic orientation for only some countries. Generational differences were found as well: Business students attribute more importance to environmental CR and less importance to social CR than managers.

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged along with the growing role of corporations in global development. One of the largest forms of PPP today is the UN Global Compact. The UN Global Compact involves of companies, NGOs, IGOs and state governments. All of them are trying to realize globalization with a more humanist face with attention to the protection of human rights, environment, labor standards and anti-corruption. Engaging private actors in global governance, The UN Global Compact raises many issues such as power, authority, and legitimacy. The effort to tackle it all is to increase PPP accountability. This research seeks to describe what efforts can be made to enhance private accountability within the international regime. The research undertaken is a descriptive study, focuses on public-private partnerships in the UN Global Compact regime. The study found that there were two attempts that could be done. First, by involving the stakeholders in the development of proce...

This paper espouses the position that businesses have the ethical obligation to rise above the mentality of self-interest and to participate proactively in solving environmental crises. Against the backdrop of the global environmental crisis, the paper investigates the ethical responsibilities of businesses to the environment. Do businesses have a duty to care for the environment beyond the barest minimum stipulated by the law? What constitutes the basis for arguing that businesses have responsibilities towards the environment?

Markets sometimes when on failure trail may require public policy interventions to prevent failure and/ or to recuperate or to resuscitate. These interventions might include Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the form of self-regulation. However, the understanding of CSR as a public policy instrument is very tenuous in management scholarship. Based on the perspective that firms are market agents, and markets are essential features of the capitalist political economy, this paper espouses the primary role of CSR as a market governance mechanism, and articulates the potential of this view for shaping corporate governance discourse and practice in emerging economies.
“For all the increasing importance of CSR, public policy remains the most important vehicle by which private business purposes and broader social objectives can be reconciled” (Moon and Vogel, 2009:318).
As I presented the Corporate Governance scheme and definition in my earlier book, titled – “Corporate Governance, Principle, Mechanism and Practice’’: An integrated framework, where by people formally organized themselves for a defined purpose in a corporation, and they apply the systemic process consistently to achieve a predictable performance for sustainable development and where the fulfillment of expectation of all stake holders, as well as partnering in Nation Building by way of undertaking the social projects should be the ultimate objective. (Corpoate Governance: Dr. Swami Chaitanyananda Saraswati)

In the long run the secret of survival and progress of a business house is only possible, if it really inculcates the principle of social values. As today business is no more an isolated activity of mere commerce and trade for profit maximization. There is more to it in terms of social accountability.
I had made an attempt to focus this unique angle in the market governance and hope this book will be able make people understand the real fact of the matter.

Markets sometimes when on failure trail may require public policy interventions to prevent failure and/ or to recuperate or to resuscitate. These interventions might include Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the form of self-regulation. However, the understanding of CSR as a public policy instrument is very tenuous in management scholarship. Based on the perspective that firms are market agents, and markets are essential features of the capitalist political economy, this paper espouses the primary role of CSR as a market governance mechanism, and articulates the potential of this view for shaping corporate governance discourse and practice in emerging economies.
“For all the increasing importance of CSR, public policy remains the most important vehicle by which private business purposes and broader social objectives can be reconciled” (Moon and Vogel, 2009:318).
As I presented the Corporate Governance scheme and definition in my earlier book, titled – “Corporate Governance, Principle, Mechanism and Practice’’: An integrated framework, where by people formally organized themselves for a defined purpose in a corporation, and they apply the systemic process consistently to achieve a predictable performance for sustainable development and where the fulfilment of expectation of all stake holders, as well as partnering in Nation Building by way of undertaking the social projects should be the ultimate objective. (Corporate Governance: Dr. Swami Chaitanyananda Saraswati)

In the long run the secret of survival and progress of a business house is only possible, if it really inculcates the principle of social values. As today business is no more an isolated activity of mere commerce and trade for profit maximization. There is more to it in terms of social accountability.
I had made an attempt to focus this unique angle in the market governance and hope this book will be able make people understand the real fact of the matter.

disciplina científica específica de esta ciencia, requieren de metodologías de investigación para analizar los fenómenos empresariales objeto de estudio que sean capaces de recoger toda su complejidad. En determinadas circunstancias se hacen necesarias metodologías que combinen información de distinta naturaleza: cualitativa y cuantitativa, subjetiva y objetiva, interna y externa al propio fenómeno estudiado. El estudio de casos se ha erigido en los últimos tiempos como una de las metodologías de investigación científica "no habituales" con creciente utilización en las diversas áreas de la Economía de la Empresa. No obstante, las debilidades inherentes del estudio de casos han sido, aparentemente, argumento suficiente para ser cuestionado por la comunidad científica durante mucho tiempo. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es proponer un diseño metodológico para el empleo del estudio de casos en la investigación científica y reivindicar la validez del mismo cuando se dan las condiciones adecuadas, se sigue un diseño correcto y se aplica de una manera rigurosa. El diseño metodológico propuesto es representado y especificado en sus distintas etapas y ha sido aplicado con resultados satisfactorios en un estudio de casos múltiple sobre internacionalización de empresas, el cual utilizaremos para ilustrar la propuesta que formulamos.

This research paper examines the evolution of organic food and the increasing involvement of individuals, customers, and organizations in this area. By conducting a bibliometric analysis of 82 articles retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, encompassing the period from 2017 to 2023, this study uncovers a vibrant field characterized by significant growth in publications and an enhanced level of collaboration among authors. Using performance analysis and science mapping techniques, the study provides insights into the historical development, citation patterns, influential authors, and publication trends in organic food research. The findings enrich existing knowledge, shape future research, and offer valuable insights for entrepreneurs, investors, and financial providers, enhancing our understanding of the field's dynamics and trends.

Green marketing is becoming more popular across the world. Green product sales and profits are increasing as consumer awareness, perceptions, and preferences toward green marketing have improved. Green marketing has been a very popular concept in recent years. Growing awareness about environmental protection measures in recent years has encouraged businesses to focus on environmentally friendly products by including sustainable eco-friendly marketing practices as an integral part of business operations. The present working research paper explores the perception and preferences of the consumer towards green marketing based upon a review of literature on the subject and empirical data is collected from 200 respondents along with secondary data. The study is based on a simple random sampling technique. Quality and reliability of the products, availability and proximity, attractive packaging, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly products, prestigious to buy green products, concern for health and safety were the few factors affecting green marketing. It is advised companies consider these factors. Companies producing green products need to develop effective green products, green pricing, green distribution, and green advertisements to highlight the functional benefits of green products. The current study is restricted only to the perception and preferences of consumers towards green marketing. Future studies should be focussed on the perception and preferences of marketers towards green marketing. As consumer behaviour is very complex and dynamic in nature that keeps on changing from time to time, so, research on consumer behaviour, attitude, and expectations should be carried out as and when possible.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the notion of a stakeholder approach are pivotal concepts when examining the role of business in society, but their relationship has been studied and much debated for decades. Academic research on the social or societal responsibilities of business organisations and the public interest in social and environmental issues incumbent upon businesses have changed since the 1950s. This article provides an overview of the existing research on CSR over the past 50 years and identifies key characteristics defining the concept of CSR. It also examines the challenges and implications of the stakeholder approach as highlighted by previous research, often in relation to research on CSR.

disciplina científica específica de esta ciencia, requieren de metodologías de investigación para analizar los fenómenos empresariales objeto de estudio que sean capaces de recoger toda su complejidad. En determinadas circunstancias se hacen necesarias metodologías que combinen información de distinta naturaleza: cualitativa y cuantitativa, subjetiva y objetiva, interna y externa al propio fenómeno estudiado. El estudio de casos se ha erigido en los últimos tiempos como una de las metodologías de investigación científica "no habituales" con creciente utilización en las diversas áreas de la Economía de la Empresa. No obstante, las debilidades inherentes del estudio de casos han sido, aparentemente, argumento suficiente para ser cuestionado por la comunidad científica durante mucho tiempo. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es proponer un diseño metodológico para el empleo del estudio de casos en la investigación científica y reivindicar la validez del mismo cuando se dan las condiciones adecuadas, se sigue un diseño correcto y se aplica de una manera rigurosa. El diseño metodológico propuesto es representado y especificado en sus distintas etapas y ha sido aplicado con resultados satisfactorios en un estudio de casos múltiple sobre internacionalización de empresas, el cual utilizaremos para ilustrar la propuesta que formulamos.

disciplina científica específica de esta ciencia, requieren de metodologías de investigación para analizar los fenómenos empresariales objeto de estudio que sean capaces de recoger toda su complejidad. En determinadas circunstancias se hacen necesarias metodologías que combinen información de distinta naturaleza: cualitativa y cuantitativa, subjetiva y objetiva, interna y externa al propio fenómeno estudiado. El estudio de casos se ha erigido en los últimos tiempos como una de las metodologías de investigación científica "no habituales" con creciente utilización en las diversas áreas de la Economía de la Empresa. No obstante, las debilidades inherentes del estudio de casos han sido, aparentemente, argumento suficiente para ser cuestionado por la comunidad científica durante mucho tiempo. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo es proponer un diseño metodológico para el empleo del estudio de casos en la investigación científica y reivindicar la validez del mismo cuando se dan las condiciones adecuadas, se sigue un diseño correcto y se aplica de una manera rigurosa. El diseño metodológico propuesto es representado y especificado en sus distintas etapas y ha sido aplicado con resultados satisfactorios en un estudio de casos múltiple sobre internacionalización de empresas, el cual utilizaremos para ilustrar la propuesta que formulamos.

Does responsible and sustainable business practice result in commercial and financial advancement? Does research illustrate the business/commercial benefits of using responsible business techniques including sustainability standards, sustainability reporting and codes of conduct? Are firms who take action to eradicate human rights abuses more profitable and sustainable? What is the evidence that being a more transparent and responsible business benefits firms in the long term? Where are the key evidence gaps?

Scholars have questioned the appropriateness of using a western-centric framework to investigate corporate social responsibility (CSR) in emerging economies. This study assesses the appropriateness of using such a framework in one emerging economy-India. More specifically, the drivers of CSR and their impact on firm-level CSR activity in the Indian context are investigated and compared with those in developed economies. Content analysis of 369 CSR policy statements of publicly traded Indian firms revealed the factors that drive CSR activities of Indian firms are similar to those found in developed economies. However, the ways firms respond to the drivers of CSR are surprisingly different in the Indian context, and these differences can be traced to attributes of the Indian socio-cultural context. Implications and recommendations for future research conducted in India, and in other emerging economies, are offered.

Integrated reporting is a contemporary business reporting paradigm and it emphasizes on "value creation" with the adoption of a multi capital approach. The main objective of this reporting practice is to provide a balanced format of corporate reporting by incorporating both the financial and non-financial aspects of the business and drawing a holistic picture of the strategy, environment, governance, externalities, performances and opportunities. Integrated reporting system is basically adopted by the business organizations for communicating information on governance, strategy and performance for the enhancement of "sustainable value" in the long run. Since any business entity is an integral part of the society, therefore it should respond to the needs of the stakeholders. It needs to change the procedure of communicating information since the requirements of stakeholders are of dynamic nature. Stakeholders are interested to know about the environmental and social aspects of the business along with the financial aspects. The integrated reporting practice has been grandly accepted by the business organizations since it is based on an international framework formulated by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC). The objectives of this research paper are to analyze the integrated reporting practice adopted by the selected companies in the Indian power generation sector along with presenting the present status of the sustainability reporting practices in India. Integrated Reporting Index is constructed for the examination of the selected companies supported by document analysis for the period covering 2015 to 2021. As per the analysis, the level of integration for Reliance Power Limited, CESC Ltd, Adani Power Ltd is low. On the other hand, the reports published by NTPC Ltd, Tata Power Co. Ltd, Jindal Steel and Power Ltd, NHPC Ltd. are highly integrated.