Faculty of Economic Science

Various F-substituted E-2,3-diphenyl propenoic acid molecules were synthesised and their aggregation behaviour was studied by experimental (FT-IR spectroscopy) and computational (semiempirical and DFT) methods. Experimental approach embraced the identification of potential hydrogen bonding sites through finding the relevant IR bands and monitoring their shifts upon increasing the acid concentration and on going to the solid state. It was found that fluorine engaged in C sbnd H…F hydrogen bonding easily, where the carbon atom could be of any kind available in the molecule (aromatic, aliphatic or olefinic). Shifts were found even in moderately concentrated solutions and in the solid state too. Hydrogen bonding sites could be assigned and relevant aggregate models could be built. Molecular modelling allowed obtaining good estimates for hydrogen bond lengths and angles and visualisation of the geometric arrangements even of extended networks also became feasible.

Agricultural Cooperative has been generally perceived as an effective institutional strategy to enhance small-scale farmers' livelihood and poverty reduction through its functions. However, certain critical issues often emerged in its operation which seriously undermine its optimal performance. This paper presents in particular the governance issue of a case study of Svay Rieng Agro-products Cooperative (SAC), an organic vegetable cooperative in Cambodia. This study is based on personal interviews with all stakeholders in cooperative ecosystem namely coop members, coop manager, coop director, and NGOs partners. Part of the information depended on structural analysis of coop management. The result has evidently showed that there is serious governance issue within the Coop including corruption, double standard between members and members of board, abused of power, and weak internal control system.

Imported conventional vegetables constitute approximately 80% of the vegetable market in Cambodia and that roughly equals 400 tons of vegetables per day according to the recent research study by the Center for Policy Studies. Furthermore, pesticide residue was found widespread in the vegetable market in Cambodia. These facts have led to increasing concern over food safety in the kingdom in recent years. Therefore, it gives strong opportunity for organic vegetable market to grow. However, the market has been growing slowly in the past several years. This paper will describe the situation of the current organic vegetable market and explain reasons behind the laggings of the market. This paper comprises of two main studies. The first study focuses on mechanisms of the current organic vegetable market which includes demand and supply analysis and supply chain analysis.

In the nineties of the last century emerged the term e-government as one of the concepts of the digital revolution, which operate under the era of knowledge explosion, which could be one of the most important tools that can be relied upon to create a leap in the evolution of the organizational performance of the organization. Hence, the research aims to find out the role of e-government and include the variables (Information technology, Electronic archiving, Electronic Control) to improve organizational performance in the men's ready-made clothes factory in Najaf. The starting point of a major a hypothesis whereby (There is significant correlation between egovernment and organizational performance variables) variables) To achieve the objectives Find been distributed (50) questionnaire to managers and heads of departments in the lab. The data processing in the computer using the statistical program (miaitab) to the results of research had identified was the most important:

The present study addressed the "impact of human resources management strategies on organizational performance " where has the objective of human resource management strategies and organizational performance being the growing attention to important topics and the relatively recent, which have a significant impact on the future of organizations in a rapidly changing competitive environment, human resources are one important source of competitive advantage. Objective of the study is to reveal the pattern of human resources management strategies in a sample of the study, and as if they were eligible for effective organizational performance and for this purpose formulated hypothesis major There is a impact with any significant positive relationship between two variables: human resources management strategies (selection& Recruitment, motivation, training and developing) and organizational performance. And for testing hypotheses study used descriptive analytical method and applied to a sample of managers and their assistants and heads of departments in Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd . and data were collected by questionnaire, and field visits, personal interviews and some official documents to complete the study data. Was also used a number of statistical tools for data processing, including: arithmetic mean, percentage, for the purpose of sample description, to test hypotheses. The study found a set of conclusions and recommendations as follows: The study reveals that there is significant improvement in the performance of the employees' after appraisal. Show that the companies researched apply three strategies for the management of human resources, "the strategy of selecting and motivation strategy and training and development strategy and the recommendations was the management should also take proper care in handling dissatisfied employees, because they may create problems in the organization. And the organization should implement modern methods of performance appraisal such as performance management system (PMS).

The transition from the second industrial revolution (electrification) to the third industrial revolution (automation) was accompanied by a transformation of economy into a science with a powerful mathematic foundation. The methods developed do have some inaccuracies, such as the assumption that logical agents drive the market, an assumption that was realized to be a failure in the models not long ago. The models were developed in a transition phase, while the industrial revolution took place. The models are currently not mature enough to support companies in their investment strategies for the fourth industrial revolution, the age of digitalization and interconnectedness. The purpose of this study is to create a theoretical model for the process of creating a business case for the investment in technologies within the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).

Performance incentives to increase motivation; potentials for meaningful activities in project management, the author will concretize this with meaningful activities in project management. The ideal project leader is described by Mark Twain in his novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” (Twain, 1876) in the episode of Tom Sawyer painting the fence. Tom is able to motivate his friends for the actually boring activity in a way that they are willing to support him voluntarily. Regarding the law of human action discovered by Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain states: “To awaken a person's desire, all that is needed is to make the object difficult to reach” (Twain, 1876). In 2006 Ariely, Loewenstein and Prelec examined the rules of irrational action described by Twain. They conclude that individuals make decisions based on their intrinsic motivation and sometimes not on “what is reasonable” (Ariely, Loewenstein, & Prelec, 2006). This enthusiasm of a project leader is transformed in this article and...

Motivation in project management is the central factor for the formation of a competent project team, the successful execution of a project. For this, methods of efficient marketing, of internal marketing, are needed. This paper describes the basic problems and possible solutions for the identification of the employees of the matrix organization in a project team. Supported by empirical studies (expert surveys) and extensive literature studies, it is examined which values of the project motivate the employees to become enthusiastic about the project. The paper also examines ways in which a project can be set up in such a way that employees can identify 100 per cent with the project objectives from the outset. In addition, the interaction of social values in the project and the project will be investigated beyond the company. The goal must be that the employees in a project must be inspired for this project to grow together, to form a project team. To the company's knowledge, social responsibility and the definition of identity brand models can contribute ultimately. A project must establish itself as a brand in the company. The project manager to do this must assume the role of ambassador of the brand values of the project within the company and outside to the customer in all consistency. He has to become a marketing manager of his project. In a further step, theoretical models for the description of the brand, describing values and high on the implementation in project management are examined. The role of the project manager as a central figure for organizational change remains at the centre of the research. We are looking for tools and methods with which a project manager can inspire his team members for the project in such a way that their motivation leads them to top performance. Similar to the buying behaviour of brand customers, who are prepared to pay considerably more for brand products than for technically comparable products without strong brand loyalty, it is argued that employees of a respected and fascinating project are prepared to do more than for a boring project without a brand. The aim is to establish the project members as part of a group in which they are highly motivated to pursue their tasks, outgrow their possibilities and abilities and give everything for the success of the project. The identification of people to a closed group (to a project or a trademark) can have a very positive effect on the individual employee but also on the whole group. However, with a high group motivation within a company, within a matrix organization, it must not lead to limited resources being used in the company for only one project. Other projects running simultaneously must not be disadvantaged by this. The aim of research on motivation in project teams is to explore the basis for an individual and measurable measure of the personal performance of a project manager. Finally, the article gives recommendations for further research on measurement methods of project success, the measurement of the brand strength of projects. From this research, a bonus model for the determination of variable and motivating remuneration components for project managers will be derived. These extrinsic factors should intrinsically motivate the project manager to market his project in the best possible way and to motivate his employees in the best possible way and to bind to the project as a brand.

The paper deals with the impact of the interest rate policy of the European Central Bank on the cost of houses in Germany. The European Central Bank's interest rate policy has a significant influence on the cost of capital for consumers in connection with the banking system in Germany. Consumers obtain their foreign capital directly at the European Central Bank, consumers go for loans to their local bank. The banks borrow money from the European Central Bank or Park surpluses with her. The cost of lending by the European Central Bank on the banks is described in the base rate of the European Central Bank. The development of the federal funds' interest rate has thus the significant indirect influence on consumer credit interest rates and on the cost of capital for consumers with larger investments. This article describes the effect of the low capital cost (interest) of the European Central Bank on the impact of the price of the residential property. The report analyses the cost of capital, income, and the development of real estate prices. She will prove that of in Germany despite low-interest rates by the European Central Bank with regard to rising incomes, are not significant in the real estate price increases market. Despite low-interest rates of the European Central Bank, one can speak of a real estate bubble in Germany. Real estate has so far not led to capital flight in the form of investments. The investigations relate to statistical evaluations of the year 2008 (2010) until the end of 2017 and take account of to take into account the average price development in whole Germany. In some urban centres such as Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Hamburg or Munich prices differ from the statistics here political missteps but are the reason for the price increases and are not included in the analysis. The investigation is very important for the planning of real and well-formulated marketing activities for all staff and decision makers in the marketing. Only if the marketing can assess the mechanisms of monetary policy, the effect of increasing or decreasing the cost of capital and the development of real estate prices, the right incentives in marketing can be used. The analysis also provides an insight into the statistical calculation of key figures. Finally, the analysis provides an Outlook for the demand for future research on the effects of borrowing costs on human behaviour. As a result, the study is also interesting for other players in the real estate market and the State institutions.

This paper summarizes current political discussions and reports on xenophobic demonstrations and racist riots in the Saxon city of Chemnitz and contrasts them with the global context of the brand image of a premium watch manufacturer. Chemnitz is a city in Saxony (in East Germany) with approx. 250,000 inhabitants. It examines the impact of images in the media and videos the medium-sized company NOMUS. The manufacturer is the company of NOMUS, a medium-sized manufacturer of luxury watches. NOMUS sold its luxury products in international cities all over the world. The production of watches takes place in the small town > Glashütte <. Glashütte is approx. 80 km away from Chemnitz, approx. 7,300 inhabitants live in Glashütte. NOMUS supplies a worldwide dealer network with subsidiaries in the USA, Canada, Cuba, Argentina, the U.A.E., India, China, Japan, Australia and Europe. NOMUS has 250 employees in the glassworks and 50 employees in a design studio in Berlin. The main purpose of the research is to present the regional effects of racism in a Central German city on the national level of Germany and to evaluate the global economic effects for the location Germany as such and the premium manufacturer of high-priced watches in particular. Subsequently, individual solutions for the local situation in the company and strategies for global marketing are subsumed. To describe the emergence of brand values, scientific literature is used; to systematize the current media coverage, the daily press must be used, in deviation from the scientific claim, since there are significant indications that the daily press has a significant influence on the perspective of the end customers of the premium watch manufacturer in the B2C business. A quantitative collection of customer data is dispensed with, and the expert interview is used as a methodical tool with the owners and managing directors of the watch manufacturer NOMUS 1. The aim of the research is also to empirically analyses the countermeasures taken in the company NOMUS and to theoretically confirm their transferability to similar constellations. The research can be useful for the targeted control of reconnaissance campaigns and the targeted control of marketing activities in the international target countries. The article should explicitly not be a political classification of the current demonstrations. The article should not occupy any pages. The article only examines the impact of regional media events on NOMUS' global business.

This paper summarizes current corporate policy activities through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In this context, the use of Big Data & Analytics (BD&A) will be discussed. The main purpose of the research is the pursuit of CSR, as the topic has been enormously advanced for companies in recent years. And there are many reasons for this. The consumption of the environment, the deposition of residues into air, ground and water by companies and also the labor conditions within the work environment is on outmost interest of the society. Companies try to avoid respectively reduce the negative impact that comes along with their value creation processes due to their competitive situation, public pressure, marketing reasons or because they are forced by legal requirements and regulations. Those improvements are often publicized in CSR/sustainability reports. Many companies set themselves CSR targets that refer to a particular baseline. With doing so the companies can find the right a...

The performance of the banking sector depends on the ability of a range of banking products to meet customer needs in a timely and complete manner. Due to the specific features of the banking sector, technological capabilities to accumulate a massive pool of customer information about banking services, the German banking sector has more capacity than other industries to launch and sell banking services that will be in high demand among users. The author points out that innovative methods and solutions were developed on the basis of mathematical and statistical models. It is stated that a progressive tool for providing customer-oriented services and products, in the banking sector, is currently defined as “Big Data & Analytics”. The main purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the use in the banking practice of the analytical tool “Big Data & Analytics” and the functional ability of this tool to ensure stable customer loyalty in the course of using banking services. ...

The research objective of this study is to examine the changes in technological unemployment and to evaluate Keynes’ theory based on a literature analysis concerning the fourth industrial revolution. The methodology used in this study is a literature analysis of 86 papers published between 2011 and 2020 on topics related to Industry 4.0, the labor market, and technological unemployment. The change caused by the labor market raises employment sustainability issues. Among the goals adopted at the 2012 UN Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development, this study is directly related to goals 8 and 9, and indirectly to goal 10. Research evidence suggests that the impact of Industry 4.0 processes will reduce the amount of labor needed, bringing us closer to Keynes’ vision of three hours a day. The analysis suggests that reduced working hours will increase economic efficiency through more intensive work. The literature is used to determine whether the trend of reduced working hours can be i...

the cameron-Quinn (2006) cultural model and the Organizational culture Assessment instrument (OcAi) questionnaire based on it are a suitable tool for accurately describing and characterizing the current and ideal organizational culture. The model identifies the characteristics of organizational culture along four dimensions, and its validation has been performed in more than a thousand organizations, including higher education institutions. in the course of our research, we analyzed the organizational culture of a Hungarian university faculty perceived and considered ideal by students using the OCAI model. In our survey, in addition to the identification of organizational culture, we sought to answer the question of whether there is a difference between the characteristics of the current and the ideal organizational culture in the researched higher education institution. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the culture of the organization currently reflects the features of hierarchical culture and clan culture. According to the students, in order to achieve the ideal state, emphasis should be placed on further strengthening the characteristics of the clan culture and reducing the peculiarities of hierarchical culture in the development of organizational culture.