Kecheng Liu

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An Essay on Human Values in HCI

SBC Journal on Interactive Systems, 2018

Academic literature has indicated a new moment for the HCI field that requires it to revisit meth... more Academic literature has indicated a new moment for the HCI field that requires it to revisit methods and practices to consider aspects that are difficult to deal with, such as human values and culture. Although recognized as important and a challenge for HCI, human values is still a topic that demands investigation, discussion, and practical results (theoretical, methodological, technical) so that it may become somewhat useful for HCI as both a discipline and a community. This paper presents an informed discussion in which we explore possible understandings for values in HCI, the importance of the topic, and existing approaches. We draw on the literature and on our own research experiences in the topic to develop critical discussions and suggest possible directions for advancing the research and practice in the context of this challenge.

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On the Relationships between Norms, Values and Culture: Preliminary Thoughts in HCI

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2015

Different studies and initiatives have indicated a new moment in the Human-Computer Interaction f... more Different studies and initiatives have indicated a new moment in the Human-Computer Interaction field that requires it to consider aspects that are difficult to be identified, such as values and culture. However, these aspects have been traditionally left on the margin of approaches for technology development, and still demand investigations on how to effectively deal with them in design activities. In this paper, we consider the concept of Norms as a promising concept to advance the understanding and knowledge on this topic, and draw on a socially aware perspective to the design of information systems, presenting preliminary discussions on the concepts of norms, values and culture, and their possible relationships, as a first step into a norm-oriented perspective for values and culture in HCI.

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Co-ordinated Management of Intelligent Pervasive Spaces

2007 5th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2007

... (e-mail: {b.qiao, k.liu, cgguy}@reading.ac.uk) Duncan J. Wilson is with the Arup, 13 Fitzroy ... more

Interactive Data Visualisation: Facilitate the Accountability Disclosure Through the Lens of Organisational Semiotics

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2016

UK charities suffer from insufficient accountability disclosure regarding different stakeholders,... more UK charities suffer from insufficient accountability disclosure regarding different stakeholders, therefore failing to meet their various needs. For the purpose of facilitating an accountability disclosure of the charity reporting practice with interactive data visualisation, this paper, as an extension of the previous research from Liu and Tan [1], is to propose a framework leading the design of interactive data visualisation procedure on the scope of charity reporting practice. It firstly interprets the impact of 'display and interaction' of data visualisation on both semantic and pragmatic levels of data signification, based on the theory of semiosis triangle and semiotic ladder. It then develops a visualisation framework for dividing the information into different degrees of detail and linking each information points to a user's intention. Finally, the developed framework will be applied to a visualisation prototype relating to Age UK.

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Norm-Based Abduction Process (NAP) in Developing Information Architecture

Digitalisation, Innovation, and Transformation, 2018

Abduction is a logical reasoning process that allows the discovery and creation of new knowledge.... more Abduction is a logical reasoning process that allows the discovery and creation of new knowledge. However, the function of knowledge is not explicitly developed in the existing research on abduction. Developing information architecture is a scientific inquiry in a practical context as it engages multiple stakeholders. However, the current research in information architecture does not appear to be underpinned by sound theoretical foundations. This paper proposes a norm-based abduction process (NAP) where norms are seen as knowledge in developing information architecture. A case study of a UK hospital is used for illustration purposes. The key contribution of this paper is to incorporate norms in the existing abduction process, to assert abduction as the foundation of a logical reasoning process and to derive a theoretical proposition for information architecture.

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Norm Based Agency for Designing Collaborative Systems

Information systems are organisations in which signs are created, processed and consumed. In orde... more Information systems are organisations in which signs are created, processed and consumed. In order to fulfil the organisational goals and objectives, its members must understand their responsibilities and authorities, and must act cooperatively. The key to this organisation and coordination lies in norms which define responsibilities and authorities for each human agent, and establish regularities of behaviour. In the context of computer supported cooperative work, where OintelligentO software agents are involved, to understand the norms of behaviour of various human agents becomes critical. Software agents can perform some tasks autonomously on the userOs behalf. Such delegation involves a set of complicated philosophical and legal issues. Following discussion on delineation of various boundaries of responsibility and authorities, this paper addresses norms and normative behaviour of human agents within an organisation. It discusses the taxonomies of norms and a method of norm spec...

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E-Leadership for SMEs in the Digital Age

The Palgrave Handbook of Managing Continuous Business Transformation

Ideas in Brief Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of economy for many countries... more Ideas in Brief Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of economy for many countries. With a business climate currently being transformed by digital technologies, an economy driven by SMEs can be an ideal catalyst to make the most of the potential of digital technologies. One of the main challenges that the leaders of SMEs face today is how business and information technology can be aligned in an optimal manner in their organizations to fully leverage the potential of digital technologies, where e-leadership plays an essential role. This chapter provides an insight into how e-leadership drives the successful alignment between business and IT by drawing organizational semiotics and business-IT alignment theory. This chapter provides a broad perspective on how SMEs can leverage technological potentials to maximize business competitiveness and growth. Furthermore empirical evidences from SMEs across Europe gathered on the basis of the theoretical model will also provide an insight on how SME decision makers perform effective e-leadership in driving effective business and IT alignment toward sustained competitiveness.

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Digital Innovation and Transformation to Business Ecosystems

Enterprise Information Systems

Organisational Semiotics for Co-Design of Business and IT Systems

Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design, 2013

There is often a tension between IT and business systems, because of the changing business requir... more There is often a tension between IT and business systems, because of the changing business requirements. An IT system, that at one time may be highly supportive, after some time, could become inadequate to business operations and be regarded as a legacy system. Such a problem may be caused by a number of factors. One is that IT systems and business processes are not treated as one integral unit; and therefore the misalignment between the business and IT systems may occur. Calibration and alignment of IT and business systems have to be regularly performed. Much effort in industry and academia has been made in searching for solutions, through investigation of, e.g., flexible architecture of IT systems, evolutionary information systems and co-evolution of IT systems and business processes. But the results have often been far from being satisfactory. The co-design of business and IT systems introduced in the keynote is an approach towards this direction. An IT system is viewed as a part of the business organisation, and the design of the business organisation will derive the design of IT system, with the IT system design being a by-product. The organic integration of IT into the business processes will allow both systems to evolve naturally. The codesign approach from the perspective of organisational semiotics in this talk will be presented as a methodological foundation for modelling the business organisation. An organisation is analysed and modelled as the informal, formal and automated components which interact and support each other. Modelling the organisation will involve the solicitation and representation of the norms that govern the behaviour in each part. The presentation of this method of co-design will be followed by an illustration of the method applied in integrating the healthcare enterprise, with a discussion on future research.

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Intelligent agents enabling negotiated control ofpervasive environments

One of the important goals of the intelligent buildings especially in commercial applications is ... more One of the important goals of the intelligent buildings especially in commercial applications is not only to minimize the energy consumption but also to enhance the occupant's comfort. However, most of current development in the intelligent buildings focuses on an implementation of the automatic building control systems that can support energy efficiency approach. The consideration of occupants' preferences is not adequate. To improve occupant's wellbeing and energy efficiency in intelligent environments, we develop four types of agent combined together to form a multi-agent system to control the intelligent buildings. Users' preferential conflicts are discussed. Furthermore, a negotiation mechanism for conflict resolution, has been proposed in order to reach an agreement, and has been represented in syntax directed translation schemes for future implementation and testing.

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Enriching enterprise resource planning systems for strategic advantage: a semiotic motivated approach

Enterprise Resource Planning is often endorsed as a means to facilitate strategic advantage for b... more Enterprise Resource Planning is often endorsed as a means to facilitate strategic advantage for businesses. The scarcity of resources is the method by which some businesses maintain their position. However, the ubiquitous trend towards the adoption of Enterprise Resourcing Planning systems coupled with market saturation makes the promise of advantage less compelling. Reported in this paper is a proposed solution based upon semiotic theory that takes a typical Enterprise Resource Planning deployment scenario and shapes it according to the needs of people in post-implementation contexts to leverage strategic advantage in different ways.

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Information Systems in the changing era: theory and practice

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Structuring the Information System Architecture Using Patterns

ABSTRACT Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an approach, which aims to align the business strategy a... more

Requirements Reengineering from Legacy Information Systems Using Semiotic Techniques

Recovering users and systems requirements from existing information systems can be valuable in le... more Recovering users and systems requirements from existing information systems can be valuable in legacy systems reengineering. AMBOLS, a semiotic approach to requirements reengineering, considers recovering the requirements of an existing (legacy) system under the restriction that only the operational system and its current stakeholders are accessible, while the original system documentation may be inaccurate or unavailable. The AMBOLS approach is adopted which consists of investigative activities at three major stages with a set of techniques for analysis and representation. The techniques consider a legacy system from the perspectives of different stakeholders, from its interaction with the users in the business context, and from information content and processes of system operations. The results of analysis from these perspectives are synthesised for derivation of the requirements. A case study of a university library system is used to provide examples. Conclusions are drawn on the need and effectiveness of such an approach to reverse requirements engineering, and further work is suggested.

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An Adaptive Architecture for Healthcare Systems

In this paper we present an adaptive architecture for designing an effective healthcare system. A... more In this paper we present an adaptive architecture for designing an effective healthcare system. A development of this architecture has adopted the Requirement-Driven Adaptive Architecture (RDAA) and incorporated the service-oriented features. It has been applied in and validated by the project of Interoperable Regional Healthcare Service for the Chinese PLA General Hospital.

Deontic Logic for Specifying Normative Behaviour

A brief review of deontic logic and its application to model normative behaviour are discussed. W... more A brief review of deontic logic and its application to model normative behaviour are discussed. When the norms of an organisation are identified, it will be possible to predict and hence to collaborate with others in performing co-ordinated actions. As the norms are understood, captured and represented in the form of deontic logic, it will serve as a basis for programming intelligent agents to perform many of the regular activities. Electronic clipping services are studied as an example for illustration.

Semiotic modelling for complex enterprise systems

An enterprise is viewed as a complex system which can be engineered to accomplish organisational ... more An enterprise is viewed as a complex system which can be engineered to accomplish organisational objectives. Systems analysis and modelling will enable to the planning and development of the enterprise and IT systems. Many IT systems design methods focus on functional and non-functional requirements of the IT systems. Most methods are normally capable of one but leave out other aspects. Analysing and modelling of both business and IT systems may often have to call on techniques from various suites of methods which may be placed on different philosophic and methodological underpinnings. Coherence and consistency between the analyses are hard to ensure. This paper introduces the Problem Articulation Method (PAM) which facilitates the design of an enterprise system infrastructure on which an IT system is built. Outcomes of this analysis represent requirements which can be further used for planning and designing a technical system. As a case study, a finance system, Agresso, for e-procurement has been used in this paper to illustrate the applicability of PAM in modelling complex systems.

Business-IT strategic alignment: linking organisational learning with strategic perspectives

Dynamic agility of inter-organizational processes

Analysing Communication in the Context of a Software Production Organisation

Iceis, 2002

While quality has been widely stressed in literature as a goal of the software design methodologi... more While quality has been widely stressed in literature as a goal of the software design methodologies, quality as a result of the interaction among the actors involved in the design and development processes has not received the same attention. This work aims to investigate the software production process by addressing the communication among work groups in the organisation. Our focus is on understanding the communication process that takes place among the groups, considering that the computational artefact emerges as a result of the communicational acts issued between people with different roles in the process. We base our understanding of communication in semiotic foundations, to propose a framework for analysing communication in the whole process of system design and development. The design process of a real organisation that produces commercial software illustrates our main ideas.

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