This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
SMAW: The Effects of Currents and Welding Rod Diameters on Welded Joint Ultimate Tensile Strength Using the Full Factorial DOE
Journal of physics, Dec 1, 2021
This research was significant as it extensively studies the effects of current and rod diameter o... more This research was significant as it extensively studies the effects of current and rod diameter on SMAW welded join. The Mild Steel (AISI 1018) was used as the base material to be welded using the E-6013 welding rod. The experiment was constructed according to the full factorial design of experiment (DOE). This project found that the current and rod diameter are the significant factors in affecting the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). New contribution from this research was that the rod diameter is more significant than the current in affecting the UTS of a welded joint. In addition, this research also contributed new finding by showing that the interaction between current and rod diameter as significant in affecting the UTS. This interaction was also found to be more significant that current but less significant than rod diameter in affecting the UTS of welded joint. In addition, this research showed that the tensile strength increases when the current is increased from 80A to 100A. However, the tensile strength decreased as the current is set between 110A to 130A. At the same time, the welding rod diameter of 2.5mm produced the highest tensile strength compared to 3.2mm and 4.0mm rod diameter. This research also optimised the experiment and found that the highest tensile strength obtained is 342.39 MPa, which is produced using 80A of welding current with 2.5mm rod diameter.
Light-weight and accurate mapping is made possible by high-level feature extraction from sensor r... more Light-weight and accurate mapping is made possible by high-level feature extraction from sensor readings. In this paper, the high-level B-spline features from a 2D LIDAR are extracted with a faster method as a solution to the mapping problem, making it possible for the robot to interact with its environment while navigating. The computation time of feature extraction is very crucial when mobile robots perform real-time tasks. In addition to the existing assessment measures of B-spline feature extraction methods, the paper also includes a new benchmark time metric for evaluating how well the extracted features perform. For point-to-point association, the most reliable vertex control points of the spline features generated from the hints of low-level point feature FALKO were chosen. The standard three indoor and one outdoor data sets were used for the experiment. The experimental results based on benchmark performance metrics, specifically computation time, show that the presented app...
Ultralow loading FeCoNi alloy nanoparticles decorated carbon mat for hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction and its application in direct ethylene glycol fuel cells
The extensive use of synthetic pesticides has a harmful impact on the environment, plants and ani... more The extensive use of synthetic pesticides has a harmful impact on the environment, plants and animal health. It is a big challenge for all farming systems to develop novel approaches, which are eco-friendly and improve food quality. As compared to synthetic pesticides, the use of beneficial microbes is the best option to maintain the environmental condition because they are cost-effective and ecofriendly. In the recent era, biological antagonistic microorganisms (Trichoderma spp.) are the best approach to control the soil-borne fungal pathogens associated with plant roots of agriculturally important crops. Due to fast growth and rhizospheric colonization ability, this fungus competes with other pathogenic soil-borne fungi by producing different metabolites (volatile and non-volatile). Trichoderma protected the plants from pathogenic fungi through mycoparasitic and antibiosis capability. Furthermore, it has the ability to improve plant health by inducing SAR (Systemic acquired resist...
Ceramic wall tiles are used as building material in the field of construction. Manufacturing of c... more Ceramic wall tiles are used as building material in the field of construction. Manufacturing of ceramic tiles require different raw material like clay, potash, dolomite, feldspar, talc and different chemicals like sodium silicate, sodium tripoly, phosphate (STPP) in ceramic production. In the ceramic industry, about 15%-30% production goes as waste. These wastes poses a serious threat to the environment by polluting the habitant and agricultural lands. Therefore using of ceramic waste powder in concrete would benefit in many ways in saving energy & protecting the environment. The cost of deposition of ceramic waste in landfills will be saved. Raw materials and natural resources will be replaced. Which indirectly helps for reducing the greenhouse gas (co2).There is a large amount of carbon dioxide released in the cement production. In this research study the (OPC) cement has been replaced by ceramic waste powder accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40%, & 50% by weight for M...
SMAW: The Effects of Currents and Welding Rod Diameters on Welded Joint Ultimate Tensile Strength Using the Full Factorial DOE
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
This research was significant as it extensively studies the effects of current and rod diameter o... more This research was significant as it extensively studies the effects of current and rod diameter on SMAW welded join. The Mild Steel (AISI 1018) was used as the base material to be welded using the E-6013 welding rod. The experiment was constructed according to the full factorial design of experiment (DOE). This project found that the current and rod diameter are the significant factors in affecting the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). New contribution from this research was that the rod diameter is more significant than the current in affecting the UTS of a welded joint. In addition, this research also contributed new finding by showing that the interaction between current and rod diameter as significant in affecting the UTS. This interaction was also found to be more significant that current but less significant than rod diameter in affecting the UTS of welded joint. In addition, this research showed that the tensile strength increases when the current is increased from 80A to 100A...
Cardiac X-ray image-based haptic guidance for robot-assisted coronary intervention: a feasibility study
International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2022
Effective and efficient haptic guidance is desirable for tele-operated robotic surgery because it... more Effective and efficient haptic guidance is desirable for tele-operated robotic surgery because it has a potential to enhance surgeon’s skills, especially in coronary interventions where surgeon loses both an eye–hand coordination and a direct sight to the organ. This paper proposes a novel haptic guidance procedure—both kinesthetic and cutaneous, which solely depends upon X-ray images, for tele-robotic system that assists an efficient navigation of the guidewire towards the target location during a coronary intervention. Proposed methodology requires cardiologists to draw virtual fixtures (VFs) on angiograms as a preoperative procedure. During an operation, these VFs direct the guidewire to the desired coronary vessel. For this, the position and orientation of guidewire tip are calculated with respect to VFs’ anatomy, using image processing on the real-time 2D fluoroscopic images. The haptic feedbacks are then rendered on to the master device depending on the interaction with attractive and repulsive, guidance and forbidden region VFs. A feasibility study in the laboratory environment is performed by using a webcam as an image acquisition device and a phantom-based coronary vessel model. The subsequent statistical analysis shows that, on an average, a decrease of approx. 37% in task completion time is observed with haptic feedback. Moreover, haptic guidance is found effective for most difficult branch, whereas there is a minimal significance of such haptics for the easiest branch. The proposed haptic guidance procedure may assist cardiologists for an efficient and effective guidewire navigation during a surgical procedure. The cutaneous haptics (vibration feedback) is found more helpful in coronary interventions compared with kinesthetic haptics (force feedback).
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2021
Many government agencies everywhere in the globe, including those in the developing regions, are ... more Many government agencies everywhere in the globe, including those in the developing regions, are intimately involved in developing their Information Systems (IS) projects. To favourably develop these IS projects, those agencies have spent lots of funding, forces and time to assure that they are amply equipped with the latest system design and analysis methods. However, the literature is scarce with the published evidence showing that these government agencies are claiming that they have successfully used these cultivated analysis and design techniques. The intricate system analysis and design techniques may only remain theoretical with limited use. Many of these system analysis and design techniques had never succeeded the claimed benefits made when they were acquired, which begs the principal research question of what is the present deployment state of system analysis and design in these government institutions, particularly in the developing regions? The article thus discusses the exploratory case studies on the present state of system analysis and design methods deployed by the public institutions in East Malaysia, a developing region within SouthEast Asia.
A comprehensive exercise is conducted for the estimation of potential output and output gap for P... more A comprehensive exercise is conducted for the estimation of potential output and output gap for Pakistan while considering shortcomings of existing relevant literature. A number of approaches, combining both state-space and structural estimation have been employed for this purpose. These include Bayesian inference, multivariate filter method, vector auto regression (with identification restrictions), state-space model and univariate filtering for estimation of output gap and potential output. The study finds fall in potential output growth of Pakistan during FY09 – FY13, has increased the economy’s vulnerability by making it more susceptible to demand shocks. Forecast of output gap on quarterly and annual frequencies for FY17 is also presented portraying upbeat aggregate demand going forward.
This paper contributes to the development of the next generation of Forecasting and Policy Analys... more This paper contributes to the development of the next generation of Forecasting and Policy Analysis System (FPAS) by formulating, estimating and conducting a forecast evaluation of a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model customized for Pakistan. The DSGE model in this paper contributes through addition of the detailed fiscal and external sectors of the economy. The fiscal block models the behavior of government expenditures, tax revenues and government debt, and allows for government borrowing from the central bank that affects monetary growth. Key additions to a conventional external sector block include the introduction of transaction costs in international borrowing and lending, which weaken the link between returns on domestic assets and the exchange rate adjusted returns on foreign assets. Further, to analyze the dynamics of major components of inflation, CPI is disaggregated in three components: core, food and oil inflation. Application of the model...
Business cycle dating, macroeconomic analysis and ex-ante policy prescription based on macroecono... more Business cycle dating, macroeconomic analysis and ex-ante policy prescription based on macroeconomic variables at annual data frequency is inadequate; as high frequency information on the state of the economy, otherwise inherent in quarterly data is averaged out at such low frequency. We use a robust method of disaggregating quarterly series from annual data, such that the aspect and information about the intervening business cycles is preserved. Extracting an orthogonal factor, which encompasses common variation (co-movements) of leading indicators of economic activity at quarterly data frequency, we use seemingly unrelated time series equation (SUTSE) model to disaggregate the annual GDP data into quarterly frequency. Utility of the quarterly GDP estimates is illustrated by (i) determining business cycle dates using a non-parametric Bry-Boschan (1971) algorithm and (ii) estimating the potential GDP and output gap for each of the 11 International Growth Center (IGC) partner countries.
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