Comparative Religion

This research talks about religious pluralism in Jordan, since the founding of the emirate and so far, and about nature of the relationship between the various Ethnicities and creeds, and how it constitutes a unique case, a homogeneous, consistent , despite the small size of the country, its novelty, the small number of its population, the scarcity of natural resources, and the weakness of its industrial potential. But it could constitute an amazing mosaic. All this due to the tolerence of its people, simplicity, and the Security oasis they live and Enjoy , Making it a destination for all people, and Avail thimselves of the shadow , and participate population leading experience, and shared destiny, and despite the lack of estimators, but this country still welcomes all visitors, and refugees, and called to the rescue or relief or subsidy.

The present study treats the issue of marriage to a Kitabi (Jewish or Christian) woman and tackles this controversial matter, excluding also marriage to a non-Kitabi woman from the discussion. Moreover, it addresses the position of Islam on marriage to a Kitabi woman in light of the various opinions of Muslim scholars, referring to the opinion that expresses prohibition and that which permits absolutely, as well as the opinion that expresses permissibility while considering the action as Islamically abhorrent (makruh). The legal proofs mustered by each party are scientifically discussed in light of the texts and stipulations of the Qur'an and Sunnah, in addition to the precepts and rules of Islamic Law, while arguing in favor of the view which is deemed correct.

Background: The fecal microbiota, fecal bile acid concentrations, and abundance of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile are altered in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disease in adult dogs. However, less is known in young puppies. Hypothesis/Objectives: To determine composition of the fecal microbiota, assess development of fecal bile acid profiles, and determine the abundance of Clostridial species in puppies, young adult dogs, and adult dogs. Animals: Healthy puppies from a whelping kennel (n = 53) and healthy client-owned dogs <1 year old (n = 20) were separated into 6 age groups, then compared to clientowned dogs over 1 year of age (n = 13). Methods: Prospective observational study. Naturally voided fecal samples were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure bacterial abundances. Fecal bile acids were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Puppies up to 5 to 6 weeks of age had increased Dysbiosis Index (median [min-max]: 5.39 [1.32-8.6], P < .001), increased abundance of C. difficile (4.1 [0.01-4.85] log DNA, P < .001), decreased secondary bile acid concentrations (0.

Phenobarbital (PB) is one of the most important antiseizure drugs (ASDs) to treat canine idiopathic epilepsy (IE). The effect of PB on the taxonomic changes in gastrointestinal microbiota (GIM) and their functions is less known, which may explain parts of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, especially its antiseizure effect and drug responsiveness or drug resistance as well as its effect on behavioral comorbidities. Fecal samples of 12 dogs with IE were collected prior to the initiation of PB treatment and 90 days after oral PB treatment. The fecal samples were analyzed using shallow DNA shotgun sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based dysbiosis index (DI), and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Behavioral comorbidities were evaluated using standardized online questionnaires, namely, a canine behavioral assessment and research questionnaire (cBARQ), canine cognitive dysfunction rating scale (CCDR), and an attention deficit hyperact...

Ibn Rushd was distinguished by his bewildering personality, stemming from being a jurist and theologist, a philosopher and physician, and an astronomer. When researching his writings, we found that he encourages a lot of reason, and puts aside everything related to revelation, at other times, you find him defending Revelation and does not care about the mind, and you see him attacking the Asha’ries. In some cases, he defends them in other places, and in some cases, he adopts the views of the predecessor, making him a collector of all contradictions. However, the beholder in his biography and history knows that he went through several stages, stamped with jurisprudential stability, moderation in judging the opponents, and a victory for the doctrine of Tafweedh.