Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Figure 8 – uploaded by Salman Ahmed

See full PDFdownloadDownload figure
Table 1: Continue Table 2: Antiemetic effect of medicinal plants in different animal models

Table 1 Continue Table 2: Antiemetic effect of medicinal plants in different animal models

Related Figures (14)

INTRODUCTION drugs, serotonin antagonists, antihistamines, anti- cholinergic drugs, corticosteroids, | NK,-receptor inhibitors, cannabinoids, 5-HT,,4, GABAg and CB,- receptors agonists. The side effects of these anti-emetic drugs are given much attention to the application of traditional medicines. There is a need to concentrate on all folk natural products useful in emesis for their pharmacological evaluation, isolating single drug entity responsible for anti-emetic effect and developing suitable formulation used against emesis. Keywords: Emesis, anti-emetics, natural products, drug development.
INTRODUCTION drugs, serotonin antagonists, antihistamines, anti- cholinergic drugs, corticosteroids, | NK,-receptor inhibitors, cannabinoids, 5-HT,,4, GABAg and CB,- receptors agonists. The side effects of these anti-emetic drugs are given much attention to the application of traditional medicines. There is a need to concentrate on all folk natural products useful in emesis for their pharmacological evaluation, isolating single drug entity responsible for anti-emetic effect and developing suitable formulation used against emesis. Keywords: Emesis, anti-emetics, natural products, drug development.
Table 1: Anti-emetic plants used in different parts of the world Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Table 1: Anti-emetic plants used in different parts of the world Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Table 1: Continue
Table 1: Continue
Table 1: Continue
Table 1: Continue
Table 1: Continue Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Table 1: Continue Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Table 2: Continue Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Table 2: Continue Pk. J. Pharm. Sci., Vol.27, No.5(Special), September 2014, pp.1583-1598
Key: AD= Apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs; AF= Apomorphine -induced emesis in frogs;CC=Copper sulfate-induced emesi: in chicks; CD= Cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs; CF= Copper sulfate-induced emesis in frogs; CH= Cyclophosphamide-inducec emesis in house musk shrew;CP= Cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets;CR= Cisplatin-induced pica in rats;IC= Ipecac-inducec emesis in chicks. References: a=(Ahmed et al., 2013); b=(Ahmed and Onocha, 2013a); c=(Khan et al., 2014); d=(Muhammad and Ahmed, 2013); e= Table 2: Continue
Key: AD= Apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs; AF= Apomorphine -induced emesis in frogs;CC=Copper sulfate-induced emesi: in chicks; CD= Cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs; CF= Copper sulfate-induced emesis in frogs; CH= Cyclophosphamide-inducec emesis in house musk shrew;CP= Cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets;CR= Cisplatin-induced pica in rats;IC= Ipecac-inducec emesis in chicks. References: a=(Ahmed et al., 2013); b=(Ahmed and Onocha, 2013a); c=(Khan et al., 2014); d=(Muhammad and Ahmed, 2013); e= Table 2: Continue
Table 3: Anti-emetic mode of action of secondary metabolites (Ahmed et al., 2013)
Table 3: Anti-emetic mode of action of secondary metabolites (Ahmed et al., 2013)
The search for new antiemetic agents from natural sources continues to emphasize mechanism based approaches, involving discrete based cellular and biochemical targets. Some of the bioactive compounds fall under this category include cannabinoids, chalcones, diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, glucosides, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, saponins and terpenes (table3). The last table (Table4) presents the family wise number of ethnomedicinal plants. Current world-wide interest in traditional medicine has led to rapid development and studies of many remedies employed by various cultures of the world. The current information is recorded in alphabetical order of plant scientific name, family, parts used and country name where it is used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting table1). In this report we have enumerated 293 medicinal plants of 81 families used as antiemetic drugs in different countries. table2 shows antiemetic effects of medicinal plants in different animal models like chemically induced emesis by apomorphine in cats, dogs and frogs; cisplatin- induced pica in rats; cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs, ferrets and least shrews;copper sulfate-induced emesis in chicks and frogs; cyclophosphamide-induced emesis in house musk shrew; ipecac-induced emesis in chicks.
The search for new antiemetic agents from natural sources continues to emphasize mechanism based approaches, involving discrete based cellular and biochemical targets. Some of the bioactive compounds fall under this category include cannabinoids, chalcones, diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, glucosides, hydroxycinnamic acids, lignans, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides, saponins and terpenes (table3). The last table (Table4) presents the family wise number of ethnomedicinal plants. Current world-wide interest in traditional medicine has led to rapid development and studies of many remedies employed by various cultures of the world. The current information is recorded in alphabetical order of plant scientific name, family, parts used and country name where it is used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting table1). In this report we have enumerated 293 medicinal plants of 81 families used as antiemetic drugs in different countries. table2 shows antiemetic effects of medicinal plants in different animal models like chemically induced emesis by apomorphine in cats, dogs and frogs; cisplatin- induced pica in rats; cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs, ferrets and least shrews;copper sulfate-induced emesis in chicks and frogs; cyclophosphamide-induced emesis in house musk shrew; ipecac-induced emesis in chicks.
Table 4: Number of antiemetic plants with respect to family Table 3: Continue
Table 4: Number of antiemetic plants with respect to family Table 3: Continue
Related topics:
Arabic Language and LinguisticsAntioxidant activity of flavonoids
580 California St., Suite 400
San Francisco, CA, 94104
© 2025 Academia. All rights reserved