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Table 2. Differences between Sustainability & Resilience Conflicts may even arise between sustainability and resilience approaches in terms of how a cultural or natural resources should be managed. Politically, sustainability initiatives have become highly polarizing, due largely to their normative idealism. This has limited some of their potential impacts, and its supporters have tended to be associated with liberal political orientations. Due to its still relatively new status, resilience has experienced less of this, with proponents often claiming it is non-normative (Anderies, et al., 2013). However, it has also been increasingly criticized as supporting a conservative neoliberal agenda that, by focusing on adaptation, avoids the root causes of environmental and social changes and may give license to development and resource exploitation (MacKinnon & Derickson, 2012; Evans & Reid, 2015).

Table 2 Differences between Sustainability & Resilience Conflicts may even arise between sustainability and resilience approaches in terms of how a cultural or natural resources should be managed. Politically, sustainability initiatives have become highly polarizing, due largely to their normative idealism. This has limited some of their potential impacts, and its supporters have tended to be associated with liberal political orientations. Due to its still relatively new status, resilience has experienced less of this, with proponents often claiming it is non-normative (Anderies, et al., 2013). However, it has also been increasingly criticized as supporting a conservative neoliberal agenda that, by focusing on adaptation, avoids the root causes of environmental and social changes and may give license to development and resource exploitation (MacKinnon & Derickson, 2012; Evans & Reid, 2015).

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Table 3. Sample Tourism Indicators of Community Sustainability and resilience Interviews with community leaders were structured through four categories that respondents would be familiar with and which are often associated with sustainability and resilience. For each of these four categories we unpack the interviews to identify indicators that reflects sustainability (conservation, restoration and change avoidance) and resilience (adaptation and innovation). In the category of environmental knowledge, for example, high rates of participation in environmental education programs was considered an indicator of resilience because it increased the potential of community members to utilize local resources in times of unexpected need. On the other hand, high levels of traditional resource
Table 3. Sample Tourism Indicators of Community Sustainability and resilience Interviews with community leaders were structured through four categories that respondents would be familiar with and which are often associated with sustainability and resilience. For each of these four categories we unpack the interviews to identify indicators that reflects sustainability (conservation, restoration and change avoidance) and resilience (adaptation and innovation). In the category of environmental knowledge, for example, high rates of participation in environmental education programs was considered an indicator of resilience because it increased the potential of community members to utilize local resources in times of unexpected need. On the other hand, high levels of traditional resource
Related topics:
Tourism StudiesCommunity ResilienceSustainability IndicatorsTaiwan StudiesTourism Community DevelopmentRural Planning and DevelopmentTourism and rural communities
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