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The reality of risk and the phenomenon is now almost consensus. Faced with the problem, three approaches complement each other: fight against greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sinks, and adaptation.

Figure 6 The reality of risk and the phenomenon is now almost consensus. Faced with the problem, three approaches complement each other: fight against greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sinks, and adaptation.

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(Image composite illustrating main factors affecting climatic change. Source: https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Climate_change-en.svg, CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license) A climate change represents a lasting change (from decades to millions of years) of statistical parameters (mean parameters, variability) of the overall climate of the Earth or its various regional climates. These changes may be due to intrinsic process of the Earth, to outside influences or, more recently, to human activities.
(Image composite illustrating main factors affecting climatic change. Source: https://commons.wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Climate_change-en.svg, CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license) A climate change represents a lasting change (from decades to millions of years) of statistical parameters (mean parameters, variability) of the overall climate of the Earth or its various regional climates. These changes may be due to intrinsic process of the Earth, to outside influences or, more recently, to human activities.
(Evolution of average global temperatures of 500 million years. Source: Glen Fergus, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:All_palaeotemps.png, CC Partage dans les Mémes Conditions 3.0 (non transposée)
(Evolution of average global temperatures of 500 million years. Source: Glen Fergus, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:All_palaeotemps.png, CC Partage dans les Mémes Conditions 3.0 (non transposée)
(Graph of temperatures of 2 past millennia highlighting the medieval climate optimum, the Little Ice Age, which follows the breakdown of global warming. Source: Robert A. Rohde, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison.png, licence CC Attribution — Partage dans les Mémes Conditions 3.0 (non transposée))
(Graph of temperatures of 2 past millennia highlighting the medieval climate optimum, the Little Ice Age, which follows the breakdown of global warming. Source: Robert A. Rohde, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:2000_Year_Temperature_Comparison.png, licence CC Attribution — Partage dans les Mémes Conditions 3.0 (non transposée))
Drought and desertification Drought phenomena, salinization and desertification may be aggravated by climate change, particularly in the Sahel and the Gobi Desert that stretch. Desertification can itself contribute to local and global changes in climate, such as through the burning of savannahs or steppes, being a major source of dust (aerosols that can affect rainfall) and albedo (more important that a vegetated areas).
Drought and desertification Drought phenomena, salinization and desertification may be aggravated by climate change, particularly in the Sahel and the Gobi Desert that stretch. Desertification can itself contribute to local and global changes in climate, such as through the burning of savannahs or steppes, being a major source of dust (aerosols that can affect rainfall) and albedo (more important that a vegetated areas).
(Variations of parameters and temperature. Source: Robert A. Rohde, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Milankovitch_Variations.png, CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license) This theory proposed by Milutin Milankovi¢é between 1911 and 1941, confirmed by the study of oxygen-18, and broadly endorsed by the scientific community, explains the glacial/interglacial climate cycles by variations of eccentricity, obliquity and precession of Earth . According to this theory, without anthropogenic forcing the planet would enter a new cooling era, or enter an exceptionally long and stable interglacial phase (another 50 000 years).
(Variations of parameters and temperature. Source: Robert A. Rohde, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Milankovitch_Variations.png, CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license) This theory proposed by Milutin Milankovi¢é between 1911 and 1941, confirmed by the study of oxygen-18, and broadly endorsed by the scientific community, explains the glacial/interglacial climate cycles by variations of eccentricity, obliquity and precession of Earth . According to this theory, without anthropogenic forcing the planet would enter a new cooling era, or enter an exceptionally long and stable interglacial phase (another 50 000 years).
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