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Table 4 - The analysis of the economical efficiency of the production fixed means utilization with agricultural destination in SRL “Disenticom’

Related Figures (165)

The economic pyramid of Pine and Gilmore is useful to illustrate the way that businesses together with D.O. wine consortia have changed the way of marketing typical temitonial products. While in the last two decades the focus of wine marketing has been based mainly on the “intrinsic” quality of the wines (taste, smell, organoleptic characteristics, etc.) [4], now tenitonal products have to be promoted and marketed giving a unique experience regarding the whole sensorial asset of the product [5]. Some technical aspects emerge: i) pricing policies take into account the capacity of the consumers to pay for living this unique expenence in the local temitory; ii) A relevant pillar of this approach regards the differences between services and experiences (before their work the concept of experience was included in the service concept). Firstly services are tailored to meet the individual consumer requirements. Experience is created through different stimulation and can not be segmented. Secondly in the concept of services consumers are considered as clients, while in the experience concept they are viewed as guests. Thirdly the action of giving a service finishes with the consumption, whilst experience continues in the memory of the consumers.

Soave at the top, Soave Classico at the middle, Soave at the lowest level).

A =technical consultancy; B =market research; C = promotional activities: D =D.O. brand management Fig.3. Members expectations in relationship to consortium services

A =technical consultancy; B = market research; C = promotional activities: D =D.O. brand manacement.

A = consortium membership; B = quality-price index; C = agronomical and oenological innovations; D = cru and quality segmentation; E = winery history; F = biodiversity and eco- friendly techniques; G = history, traditions and local culture; H = community relations with public bodies and institutions

Table 1 . Main pesticides used for pest control in rape cultures

Photo 4. Distortion to Onion

Photo 3. Larvae damage to Leek

Photo 2. Onion leaves with feeding points Photo 1. Pupae damage to Leek

Fig. 2. The system scheme of the agrarian market

Table 2 .- Number of bee size classes in the structure of agricultural holdings in Romania

Table 1 .- Number and size class structure of the farm holding bee colonies in Romania. - Most families of bees holdings are less than 0.1 ha and between 0.5 to 20 ha - in 2007 compared to 2005, there is a diminishing trend in the bee family fam owners for most size classes.

Data source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook, 2010, NIS. Table 5.- The supply balance sheet for honey production in Romania

Source: Processed by the Statistical Yearbook of Romania, 2010, INS Table 3 .- The production of honey produced in the beekeeping sector in Romania

*) 2008 was taken as a reference in the form of E". Source of basic data for calculation: Romanian Statistical Y earbook, 2010, INS. Table 4 .- Elasticity Coefficients - the influence of bee families (x) on the production of honey (y) in the beekeeping sector in Romania. - form of dependence when the number of bee (x) the total production of honey extracted (y) results in a lack of elasticity, for a majority of the years. Reduce total production of honey in 2005-2007, had a definite influence on the existence of a reverse correlation of factors,

Table 6.- The Comparison of the honey product price levels in Romania Data source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook, 2010, NIS - from the analysis of the honey purchase price we notice an annual vanation in its level, which in 2004 amounts to 6.71 lei/kg, followed by a decrease in the 2005-2008 interval (the annual level of the decrease percentage compared to 2004 ranges between -39.90% and -8.35). At the same time, the purchase price is much smaller than the retail price. For the honey product, the purchase Price is, in most years, less than half the retail price level (in the 2005-2007 interval the purchase price was about 1/3 of the retail price); - the average (retail) price on the agrofood es a ey co, mn em lee pe, as

Table 7.- The elasticity exhibited through the purchase price (x) influence on the capacity, harvested honey production and “retail” (y) market prices in the apiarian sector in Romania. Calculation basis data source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook, 2010, NIS.

Table 8.- The elasticity exhibited through the “retail” market price (x) influence on the capacity, harvested honey production and purchase price (y) in the apiarian sector in Romania. Calculation basis data source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook, 2010, NIS. All the elements reflected in the price influence outlines the reaction of the producer’ distributor/consumer to the honey product market manifestations.

Amount of input use efficiency to achieve a production level. Degree of effectiveness to achieve the aim. This allows the driver to

Becomes conspicuous the share growth of direct expenses in the maximum version, which demonstrates the fact that the agricultural producer uses inputs of high quality with higher prices, but which are correlated with the increase of production and of received incomes. In the direct expenses were included the material expenses: seed expenses (30.37%, version A and 44%, version B), chemical fertilizers (29.95%, version A and 22.19 %, version B) pesticides (10.88 %, version A and 7.34%, version B) and other direct material expenses (14.28%, version A and 12.55%, version B), expenses with works and services rendered by third parties with values of 2-3% in total of direct expenses, expenses with mechanical and manual labour (11.79%, version A and 9.82%, version B), expenses with crop insurance (1.01%, version A and 2.84%, version B). Common expenses are composed of administrative expenses, amortization and version from 87.86% direct expenses per crop and 12.13 % common expenses per farm, that are for the early potato crop.

To reduce the cost the producer must look and find reserves to reduce consumption of inputs, to act simultaneously on all factors of production in all phases of economic activity to apply possible measures for reduction on the costs according with the competition requirements imposed by the market. The reduction of production cost should not take place without negative influences on the quality of agricultural products, but rather, simultaneously must VoL11, Isse 2.2011 >ISONT 1 PALA)

As regards cow milk collection in the 8 development regions, it is mentioned that 91% is supplied by 6 regions (North-West, Center, North-East, South-East, © South-Muntenia, West), and 9% by the 2 regions (South-West Oltenia and Bucharest Ilfov). These two regions do not report the collected quantity to the National Institute for Statistics, considering it “confidential data”. By regions, it can be noticed that the largest quantities were collected in the regions Center (30.3%), North-West (22.7%) and North-East (20.9%).

January 2005 - January 2010, an increase above the average and the largest increase was found in the region South West , i.e. 64% and in the region Center, 59%; a price increase under the country average, by only 4%, 17% and 25% respectively wes found in the regions South Muntenia, South East and North West. Own calculations on the basis of NIS tempo or-line prices Agricultural price volatility is influenced by the volatility of crop production; the most dispersed and volatile the crop production is, the most volatile are the prices of agricultural products;

Table 2. Variation coefficient (%) in cheese, in the period January 2005 - August 2010 months, and the highest in very hot months, Le. inJuly and August; - the regions with the highest volatility throughout the investigated peniod are North East and South Muntenia

Table 1 - The dynamics of the production proportion SDE “Chetrosu” up the beginning and the end of the production cycle- the sale.The importance and the place of the entity within the agnculture and administrative termitorial unities with the national economy is determined by the proportion of its production. The production size is based on a system of indicators reflecting, on the one hand, the necessary conditions for organizing of the farm activity (land, labor force, energy resources, livestock of animals) but, on the other hand, the result of the utilization of these ones (total production, goods in comparable prices, total revenue, raw profit, net sales).

Having analysed the indicators of the economical and financial activity we remark that in 2009 in comparison with 2007 and 2008 years the general financial, agricultural and economical profitability are considerable reduced that presents a negative situation for the fam.

Analyzing tha data from table 4 we may find that the output of 1 ha of the agricultural lots increased in 2009 comparatively with 2007 with 437,8 lea and it wes reduced in comparison with 2008 year by 1023,3 leis. It is also demonstrated the raise of the annual middle productivity, that presents an unfavorable situation for the farm economy. The same situation as also presented on investigating the average of productivity per hour on a worker in the agriculture. It is enough enjoyable the fact of umessential increasing of the consumptions at 1 lei of revenues from sales in dynamics. re or Vall, Isve2, 2011 ISSN 18445640

Table 1 - The assurance analysis S.R.L. “Disentincom”’ with fixed means and energetical resources. production incoming to 100 ha of agricultural lots increased respectively by 10.3 and 31.9 percent.

Consequently we will analyse the functional and reproduction state of the fixed means in SRL “Disenticom”. The data of these two tables show us that the

Table 3 - The analysis of the functional and reproduction state of the fixed means in SRL “Disenticom”’ The renewal coefficient increased with 2,75 percent in 2008 in comparison with 2007 year, but the last has a positive tendency because increased both the value of the fixed means at the year end by 12,8 percent and the value of the fixed means included in the functioning in the analysed year by 9,62 percent. “Disenticom” is realized despite of the fact that the wear increased by 352864 leis or with 21,5 percent in 2008 in comparison with 2007. This indicator resulted in the increase of the wear coefficient with 7,7 percent in 2008 in comparison with 2007 decreased the keeping coefficient by 14,3 percent. This coefficient shows us that 85,7 percent from the fixed means are utilized in the production process. “Disenticom” is realized despite of the fact that the wear increased by 352864 leis or with 21,5 percent in 2008 in comparison with 2007. This indicator resulted in the increase of the wear coefficient with 7,7 percent in 2008 in comparison with 2007 decreased the keeping coefficient by 14,3 percent. This coefficient shows us that 85,7 percent from the fixed means are utilized in the production process.

Table 5 - Account and initial data for factorial analyzing of fixed means out put of production of agricultural destination.

In the process of the production one may remark a diminution of the utilization level of the production means, the principal reasons are: the structural modification of the production branches in favour of those ones with a bigger capacity of the production means; it is being increased the cost of the production means in the production buildings that have a long tenn of exploitation; the fixed means are not always satisfied completely with working capital. The increase much more rapids of the prices

Figure 1: Trend line of the full cost of production in the period 2005-2008

Table 1: Yield of tomatoes in kg/ha and production costs in €/ha

Figure 2: Prices in the tomato marketing chain in €/kg

Figure 3: Marketing margins in the period 2005-2008 (in €/kg) Furthermore, the analysis of the marketing margins showed that they were highest at the level of tomato traders, which leads to the fact that the traders had highest marketing costs (packaging, storage, etc). The average marketing margins accomplished by the traders were 0.28 €/kg. The marketing margins were also significantly high at the level of wholesalers, and in an average amount they were approximately 0.26 €/kg. The marketing margins were lowest at farmer level, which indicated that the marketing costs were also on the lowest level.

Table 2: Profit margins in the period 2005-2008 (in %)

Intemational trade volume in 2000 compared with 1950 has increased 16 times, while the gross world product indicators only 5.5 times. Profit received from a commodity exchange any other, is established in all cases the value

Figure 1 Export structure in 2008-2009 Source: adapted according www.statistica.md

Figure 2 Geographical Trends of Exports in 2009 Source: adapted according www.statistica.md

Table 2 Indicators of employment and labor productivity in the fish sector in Romania. Source of basic data for calculation: Romanian Statistical Y earbook, 2010, INS

Table 3. Elasticity manifested through the influence of production (x) on intermediate consumption and GDP (y) in the fisheries sector in Romania.

Table 4. Elasticity manifested through the influence of production (x) on intermediate consumption and GDP (y) in the fisheries sector in Romania E’- Source of basic data for calculation: Romanian Statistical Y earbook, 2010, INS.

Fig.1. Evolution of the members, beneficiaries and depositors. Sourre: author hased on data develoned bv NCEM. The outcomes show the following: by 2008 the number of SCA members increased from 78,900 up to 123,600 people or 1.57%, decreasing in 2009 with 1667 people, but in 2010 we see an increase of SCAs members by 12,947 or 11.1%. Regarding the number of loan recipients we can mention that starting in 2004 and by 2008 there is an increase of 38.5%, respectively comparing 2009 to 2008 there is a considerable reduction with 29.9% or 16,890 persons. In 2010 we can also mention a decrease of 819 persons. The number of depositors' savings decreased by 463 persons in 2010 compared with 2009 ora 7% decrease, from 6646 people in 2009 to Currently, in the Republic of Moldova there are over 470 operational savings and loan associations, 98 percent of which are in rural areas. Typically, organizations don’t have their own sources of borrowing and therefore go to creditors. This is how they get credit resources to further offer loans to its members. The bank loans are always secured, however almost all associations loans are unsecured. The average loan has increased in recent years to some extent, but still is small [3]

Table 1: Savings by payment term ( USD Million )

Source: author based on data developed by NCFM. 6183 people in 2010, increasing during 2004- 2008, from 1685 to 6720 Savings depositors. According NCFM’s data on SCA activity we can make an analysis of those groups which are characterized by indicators Table1.

with RON 367.7 million. Therefore, in the first year, the optimal policy is the upgrading policy. By applying M policy in the first year of horizon, it wes noticed that it positively influences the total profit which is increased

the decision is based on its consequences on the remaining stages (of the remaining sub- horizon). For example, the optimal decision for year two is the one which maximizes the profit in 2-5 interval. By applying the operating policy without upgrading the fixed capital, a profit of RON 8687.8 million is foreseen for the entire horizon. For optimizing the investment, M policy is applied with the allocation of annual investment finds. As shown. for each stage

sub-policy of year five we obtain the optimal function. 3.The value of investments assigned for the two years amounts RON 300 Million. By adopting this policy, a maximum profit of RON 9179 million § is __ obtained As shown in the method description, the decision taken in the last stage of the horizon is substantiated only by taking into account the objective of this stage and the optimization policy, by adding the optimal sub-policy of 1-4 sub-horizon to the optimal CONCLUSIONS sub-policy of year five we obtain the optimal function. rrr i ..-£.4y . . gm * gg ell llc As shown in the method description, the decision taken in the last stage of the horizon is substantiated only by taking into account the objective of this stage and the optimization policy, by adding the optimal sub-policy of 1-4 sub-horizon to the optimal CONCLUSIONS Because the total profit is lower than in the previous step, the optimal policy in year four is non-upgrading operation.

The upgrading policy for year three generates a better situation for the entire horizon, so itis optimal.

Table 1. The state subsidization of insurances in the agriculture LJ. LIMULUS. The insurances in the agriculture represent a real way of protection the agricultural crops and so the effectuated investments in this sector. At the same time, the potential of the agricultural insurances from Moldova Republic remains to be unaccounted, even if the state allots subventions in a size of 80 percent from the ensured sum of the crops and animals unfortunately, the big majonty of small producers continues to ignore the agricultural insurances being a motive for which, even if the latest years the ensured agricultural surfaces increased, however these ones remain very small in comparison with the counties from west Europe. The latest five years the state dllotted for the development of the system of subsidized agricultural insurances means in a total volume over 70 millions leis. So, in Moldova Republic are annually ensured up 450 agricultural producers. The insurance quota of the agncultural crops in 2008 made up 3.5 percent from the common portfolio and yocnied an incrosca Tnz7 145 milliqnne lac in

Table 2. The premiums of insurance established by SRL ,,Moldasig’ for the principal agricultural risks

Table 2. Garlic - the world export (2005-2007) Data on exports of garlic (thousand tonnes) in the period 2005-2007 are presented in Table 2 [4].

Table 1. Garlic - World imports (2005-2007) have registered in 2006 imports of: America 303 thousand tonnes (21.66% of world total), 224,6 thousand tonnes garlic Europe (16.06%) and Africa 46,7 thousand tonnes (3.55%). VoL11, Isse2, 2011 ISSN 1844-5610

Table 1. Sugar - World imports (2006-2008)

The Evolution of Goods Transport by Ownership. Public sector is still important in railways transport, petroleum pipe-lines and air transport and private sector is stronger in goods transportation on roads, inland waterways and seawater ways (Table 4).The largest amounts of goods are transported on roads, representing 69.10 % of total transported goods. Also, about 65.60 % of goods are transported on roads by private companies. Alaambhor nf NMlannc nf Cantwoywanro and

Table 2.Transport Contribution to Civil Employment (thou persons)

The Number of Railways in Operation was by 5 % lower in 2008 in comparison with 1990, but more efforts were made to electnify new railways so that in 2008, their number was by 7.9 % higher than 18 years ago. At present, about 36.8 % of railways ae electrified in Romania compared to 32.4 % in 1990. However, the bad infrastructure, the high costs of repairs and modemization have determined the abandon of some railways (Table 6).

Table 5.Number and Capacity of Rail, Inland Waterways and Sea Transport Means of Conveyance Table 4.The Amount of Transported Goods by Ownership in 2005 and 2007 ( thou tonnes) Table 6. Railways under Operation

The Amount of Goods Transported on Roads has become more important because of higher speed provided by high performance and higher capacity vehicles. In 2008, for example, about 364,605 thou tonnes were transported on roads, by 2.2 % more than in the previous year. While the national transport has increased by 2.6 %, intemational transport declined by 5 % due to the reduced Romanian goods export. Another remark is the fact that both goods import and export have declined, while transit transport has become 7.8 times better developed. About 95.2 % of total road transport is represented by national transport (Table 8).

Table 8. Amount of Goods Transported by Roads (thou tonnes) VaL1, Isse2, 2011 TSONT 19°44. AM,

Table 11. Average Values, Standard Deviation and Variation Coefficient for Goods Transport and Transport Contribution to GDP in the period 2000- 2008 Considering the values for the period 2000- 2008 for transport of goods in Million tonnes and transport contnbution to GDP in terms of Lei Billion, the average values, standard deviation and variation coefficient were calculated and presented in Table 11.

Table 9. Amount of Goods Transported through Ports in 2007 ( thou tomes) Table 10. Amount of Goods Transported through Airports ( tonnes)

Therefore, for an increased amount of transported goods by 26.211 Million tonnes per annum in the period 2009-2018, the transport contribution to GDP will grow up by Lei Billion 0.0941761 annually, so that in the year 2018 it could account for Lei Billion 2.9808272. 1.In 2008, about 524,486 thou tonnes of goods have been transported, representing just 23.65 % of 2,217,198 thou tonnes transported. in the year 1990. REFERENCES

Meat Production in terms of Liveweight of Slaughtered Animals. The meat production was 1,659 thousand tons in 2003 and 1,503 thousand tones in 2007, that is by 9.41 % less than in the first year of study. This was due to the reduced number of slaughtered animals but also of te diminished average live weight of animals at slaughter. The general trend is a consequence of the decline registered by liveweight of slaughtered animals in the analysed period. In 2007, meat production in temns of live weight was by 11.91 % lowerin case of cattle, by 9.58 % lower in case of pigs, by 18.52 % lower in case of sheep and goats and by 3.26 % lower in case of poultry in comparison to the performance recorded in the year 2003 (Table 3). Average Liveweight at’ slaughter. Mm general, during the analysed penod, the average liveweight of slaughtered animals regietered a decline, except poultry. In case of both fattened adult and youg cattle the average liveweight was 275 kg per head in the year 2007 compared to 321 ko/head in the year 2003. This figure is small showing a more extensive fattening technology than an intensive one practiced in farms and taking into consideration that the best live weight for assuring a high quality carcass in over 400 kg/head, Romanian cattle breeders have stil to do more in order to keep pace with farming requirements in the EU states. In case of pigs, the average live weight at slaughter decreased to 108 ko/head in 2007 compared to 111 kg/head in 2000. However, it could be considered a good liveweight at slaughter in connection to fat layer and carcass quality and consumer preference for lean meat. The average live weight at slaughter for sheep and goats was 18 kg/head in 2007 compared to 23 kg in 2003 (Table 2).

Livestock Evolution. In the year 2003, the livestock consisted of 2,897 thousand cattle, 5,145 thousand pigs, 8,125 thousand sheep and goats and 76,616 thousand poultry. While cattle stock has registered a reduced number, all the other species have recorded a recover, taking into account their importance in the human life and economy. In 2007, the cattle stock accounted for 2,819 thousand heads, being by 2.70 % less than in the year 2000. The pig number _ accounted for 6,563 thousand heads, by 27.56 % more than in the year 2003, obviously due to the traditional consumption of this sort of meat in Romania. The number of sheep and goat increased by 14.88 % compared to the year 2000, reaching 9,334 thousand heads, taking into account the importance of these species as milk and meat source. Poultry stock has also registered an increasing trend, accounting for 82,036 thousand heads in 2007, being by 7.07 % higher than in 2000 (Table 1).

Table 4. Meat and Meat Preparations ( thousand tones)

Table 7. Average Producer's Price ( Lei/Kg Live Weight) However, even though prices per kg live weight registered an increase, they are still at avery low level from farmers’ point of view, rarely being able to cover production costs. The reduced price per kg of cattle live weight is justified by the diminished beef demand and also the farmers’ orientation mainly to milk production or dual purpose breeds. Unfortunately, in Romania there are no catile breeds for meat production.

Average Price per Kilogram Live Weight at purchasing has registered a slight increase in the analyzed period in case of all species, except sheep and goats. The highest average sale price was Lei 3.55 per kg live weight in the year 2007 for pigs, by 7.57 % higher than in the year 2003. The price for sheep and goat kilogram live weight was Lei 3,52 in 2007, by 25.74 % less than in 2003. The poultry price wes Lei 3.32 per kg live weight by 14.48 % higher than in 2003. Finally, the lowest price was Lei 2.98 per kg of fattened cattle, despite that in the year 2007, it was by 24.68 % higher than in the year 2003 ( Table 7).

Table 8. Meat Export in Carcass Equivalent ( thousand tones) Meat Import in Carcass Equivalent is represented by beef, pork and poultry. Imported. beef amount reached 12.9 thousand tones in 2007, being 3.79 times higher than in 2003, supporting domestic low offer in order to cover better consumer’ s needs. Pork import accounted for 187.3 thousand tones in 2007, being by 90.73 % higher than in 2003. Also, an important amount of poultry meat wes imported. In 2007, it accounted for 138.3 thousand tones, by 50.82 % higher than in the year 2003 (Table 9). Meat Export Value accounted for Furo

Table 10.Meat Export Value (FOB-Euro Million)

Meat Consumption is relatively small in Romania compared to other EU countries and this is due, on one side, to the wm corresponding demand/offer ratio and, on the other side, to the high meat price and low purchasing power of many categories of the population. The average yearly consumption per inhabitant has decreased from 64 kg in the year 2003 to 62 kg in the year 2007 (Table Taoahla 12 Arvorno Nast Cana nmbhnan 590 in the year 2007. The increased import value compared to export value reflects a lack of competitiveness of the Romanian meat on the extemal market, an uncoresponding demand/offer ratio. This situation has a deep negative impact upon local producers (Table 12). 590 in the year 2007. The increased import value compared to export value reflects a lack of competitiveness of the Romanian meat on the extemal market, an uncorresponding demand/offer ratio. This situation has a deep negative impact upon local producers (Table 12).

Meat Trade Balance. Taking into account the evolution of export and import, meat trade balance has recorded a deficit whose value has continuously increased from Euro Million 9 in the year 2003 to Euro Million Meat Import Value . Compared to meat export value, meat import value is very high. In 2007, the value of imported meat was Euro Million 605, being by 18.33 times higher than in the year 2003 and 11 times higher compared to the value of meat export. The highest share in meat import value belongs to meat and edible offal, 91.40 % in 2007 (Table 11).

Table 3. Intemal Migration by Area in the year 2008 (No. of persons)

Table 4.Active Population by Area ( thou persons)

Total Expenditures of Households have deeply increased from the year 2001 to the year 2008. Conceming farmers, in average

Table 9. Employment in Agriculture by Age Group in the year 2008 Table 10. Age Structure for Farmers and Skilled Workers in the year 2008 (%)

Farmers Number and their Age Structure. In the year 2008, about 2,224 people were working as farmers and skilled workers in agriculture, representing 23.73 % of total active population in Romania. Regarding the age structure of the people of this category, we may say that aging is a characteristic as confirmed by the figures presented by age group in Table 10.

CONCLUSIONS

Table 5. GDP Elasticity function of Fixed Assets and Employment

Table 3.Average, Standard Deviation and Variation Coefficient for GDP, Fixed Assets and Employment for the period 2000-2008 Table 4.Conrelation Coefficients between GDP, Fixed Assets and Employment

Gross Domestic Product Elasticity pending on fixed assets and employment. ‘The GDP elasticity function of fixed assets varied between values lower than 1 and also higher during the analysed period showing that in the years 2005 and 2006 GDP wes deeply influenced by the increased value of fixed assets, while in the other years and mainly in the year 2003, its influence was weaker. Gross Domestic Product Elasticity pending on fixed assets and employment. The GDP elasticity function of fixed assets varied between values lower than 1 and also higher during the analysed period showing that in the years 2005 and 2006 GDP wes deeply influenced by the increased value of fixed assets, while in the other years and mainly in thea vear INN2 ite infliwence wac weaker

Graph 1. Vegetables export from Serbia into countries of CEFTA region (2007-2009), million $

Table 1. Vegetables export from Republic of Serbia in CEFTA countries (2007-2009), 000$

major crops and they account for more than three-quarters of total crop output Despite recent increase in agricultural output, the crop productivity is still very low as compared with the potential yield output. (Fig.1). It is mainly due to biotic and abiotic stresses eg. high price of agnculture inputs, high intensity of insects and pests attack, shortage of good quality and varieties of seeds, scarcity of weter etc. Biotechnology can help revolutionize farm efficiency through cenetic

the Ministry of Environment. Plant Vanety Protection Act has still not been enacted and amendment Seed Act 1976 is still pending for Reasons for delay in adopting transgenic crops include a long delay to develop and approve Biosafety Rules and Guidelines by Table 1. Development of GM Crops in Pakistan Pakistan has ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB).Plant variety protection is

acne es MN But after analyzing the evolution of the number of individuals of the poultry population at the level of the European Union 15 between 2000/2009 we noticed a decrease thereof by 5.3%; a decrease was also registered for EU 25 between 2004/2009, by 7.9%, While the decrease in EU 27 was of 6.1% for the period 2007/2009. Fig 1. Evolution of the flocks in the European Union

Tabel 1. Evolution of the poultry population of the European Union (milion head)

Fig 3. Evolution of the flocks in the countries that joined in the European Union in 2004 In 2007 Romania had a population of 82 million individuals while Bulgaria 17.9 million individuals, while in 2009 the poultry population of Romania increased by 2.2% and reached 83.8 million individuals, while the poultry population of Bulgaria decreased by 2.3%, reaching 17.5 million individuals. In 2007 Romania had a population of 82 million individuals while Bulgaria 17.9 million individuals, while in 2009 the poultry population of Romania increased by 2.2% and reached 83.8 million individuals, while the poultry population of Bulgaria decreased by 2.3%, reaching 17.5 million individuals.

Fig 4. Evolution of the flocks in the countries that joined in the European Union in 2004

Fig 2. Evolution of the flocks in the European Union 15 In 2000 these countries held a share of 73% of the total population. In the analyzed period, namely 2000-2009 the poultry population of EU 15 registered a decrease of 5.3%, which was especially due to the decrease of the poultry populations of France, such decrease being a quite large one, namely of 24.5%; but the poultry populations of counties such as: the United Kingdom, Crnnin (Cannons Drarhimml arn ingmncar,] If we analyze the number of individuals of the poultry population of the counties which acceded to the European Union in 2004 we find that the largest number of poultry is held by Poland, with 148 individuals in 2004, but such number decreased and reached 124.1 million individuals in 2009. As a matter of fact this country had the largest numbers of poultry populations of the 10 states which acceded to the European Union. On the second place, at a very large difference

Fig 5. Evolution of the flocks in the European Union countries CONCLUSIONS 1. The poultry population of the European Union increased between 2000-2009 by 26.6%, increase which wes due to the accession of 10 new states in 2004 and 2 more States in 2007. At thn lvnsrl nf Cyamennn Tininn 150 «am

Fig.1. Evolution of fowl meat production in the European Union

Tabel 1. Evolution of fowl meat productions in the European Union countries (thousand tons)

Fig.3. Evolution of fowl meat production in the countries that joined in the European Union in 2004 Union in 2007, namely Bulgana and Romania, we notice that the highest production was that of Romania, with 312.1 thousand tons in 2007, followed by a slight increase of 18.9%, namely 371.4 thousand tons in 2009. The production of fowl meat of Bulgaria amounted to 98 thousand tons in 2007 and increased to 103.9 thousand tons in 2009, therefore registering an increase of 6.1%.

Fig.4. Evolution of fowl meat production in the countries that joined in the European Union in 2007

Fig.2. Evolution of fowl meat production in the European Union 15

Fig.5. Evolution of fowl meat production in the European Union countries CONCLUSIONS

Table 1. Pre and Post accession EU Financial Instruments

Fig. 1. Activation steps of the financial instrument Table. 2. Projects submitted in the action until June 31, 2006 (deadline for submission of projects).

Table. 3. Statement of percentage of number of projects and the amounts used to work ceiling Conventions signed in 2006 with credit institutions selected by tender according to Law 231 / 2005

Table 9. In terms of destination, guarantees for these beneficiaries is as follows: Table. 10. Volume guarantees granted requests according to commercial banks are as follows:

Table 12. Volume guarantees to each commercial bank is as follows:

Table. 11. Briefly, the situations of production guarantees for loans granted are as follows:

Tabelul 1 Situatia primelor 10 site-uni cu profil agricol Sursa www. trafic.ro

Table 2.A Site Main Information Content

Fig.1 Components of an Information System For farms Work planning Finance - The Financial management and accounting includes activities related to the use of financial resources necessary to Finance - The Financial management and accounting includes activities related to the use of financial resources necessary to

Fig 1, The EFQM Excellence Model

its remuneration is equal or larger that the expenses, as it happens in the case of the potato crop in the commercial farm. (Table 3 and Table 4).

Table 4

The commercial margin (MC) or gross margin is the first intermediary management balance sheet and it refers to the commercial activity perfonmed by various economic agents. In the case of SC OANCEA OMV SRL, this indicator is null because the agricultural activity performed by the agricultural producer involves production, therefore obtaining finished products and not only trade (merchandise). This indicator becomes significant in the case of distribution (trading) companies within which it is important to be detennined in detail, according to products or groups of products. Tha jintarnwnchars; Aalannn chact (DD) ic an

Table 1. Inflow of DFI in the wond and in Serbia, in period 2000-2007 (in billion USD) period, inflow of direct foreign investments (DFI)? in Serbia was subjected to significant oscillations (Table 1.). So far, DFI in Serbia were mostly directed toward accessing of domestic market trough production, providing of services (banks, trade houses, insurance companies, leasing comipanies, etc.), as well as acquirement of some asses (rea citale objects) that has effects on domestic market [7].

Table 2. Spatial distribution of totally achieved investments*, in period 2000-2005 (in thousand dinars) oscillations which follow certain time intervals: in 2000, the level of investing in Municipality of Apatin wes above investing at the leva of Municipality of Zrenjanin (comparing to 1,74:1,00); during period 2001-2008, the level of investing in Municipality of Apatin wes below investing at the level of Municipality of Zregjanin (with special accent on 2003, when the ratio was 1,00:2,91); in the period 2004- 2005, the level of investing in the Municipality Apatin wes above investing at the leva of Municipality of Zrenjanin (with special acoent on 2005, when the ratio was 3,02:1,00).

Graph 1. Average annual growth rates of totally realized investments*, in period 2000-2005 (in %)

* Investing 1n new Capital assets (dala refer to all legal persons, except those, which are in accordance with article 7 of Law on accounting and review, categorized as small), in current prices. ** Without data for Kosovo and Metohia. Source: Investicije Republike Srbije, 2006-2007. RZS, Beograd, 2007-2008.

Graph 2. Average annual growth rates of totally achieved investments*, during period 2006-2007 (in %) For the purpose of comparative overview, there is annual growth rate for municipality of Indija (-7,64%), as well as annual growth rete for Municipality of Zrenjanin (2,55%). In both cases, annual growth rates are drastically below average annual growth rate for Municipality of Apatin. This confinms better positioning of Municipality of Apatin, at the level of social-economic development, comparing to municipalities of Indija and Zrenjanin. Bor tha nminmnca nf achmathonn af invechnra in

Table 4. Estimation of realized investments* in economy (dinar)

That is why development of innovations is dependent on the sector research - development. For activation of innovation activity and improve the business climate, it is necessary to intensify research - development.

Fig. 1:Occupational Fraud by Category - Frequency

Fig.2: Occupational Fraud by Category- Median Loss As indicated in the figures above although the percentage of cases of financial statement fraud decreases in 2010 against 2008 but the losses increased significantly. So this situation arises the question that something should be done in order to prevent the financial Statement fraud. Otherwise financial crisis will be inevitable and the financial system will be fatal. On one hand the flexibility is the method unblocking the economically development on the other hand flexibility of the accounting standards encourage the perpetretors to manipulate the financial information but the flexibility of the accounting standards should not misused in order to gain for short-term.

Table 2. Financial profitableness rate in the period 2008-2009 A significant decrease with 9,3% of the financial profitableness rate was registered in comparison with the previous period.

Table 1. The evolution of profit and tumover during 2005-2009

Table 6. The situation of the liquidity and solvency indicators

Table 4. Financial profitableness rate in the period 2008-2009 In conclusion, in the analysed period, the debts and obligations decreased, while the tumover increased, which favourably influenced the flow of reserves. This influence is also showed in the debts /obligations relation.

The size and the evolution of the indicators show that, the company while regarding the solvency is in a better situation, the values of the liquidity indicators show an alarming situation.

Positive - equals “love” and “like” answers, Negative - equals “don’t like” and “hate” answers Source: Romania - gemiusReport, June July 2009, N = 1,500; Poland - gemiusReport, May 2009, N = 1,700; Latvia - gemiusReport, April 2009, N = 1,500; Bulgaria - gemiusReport, Apnil 2009, N = 1,500; Lithuania - gemiusReport, May 2009, N = 1,500. Graph 1. Attitudes toward shopping among Romanian, Polish, Latvian, Bulgarian and Lithuanian internet users - “Apart from