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Table 5: Whiteness and Yellowness index of Banana fibers bleached with combination of bleaches

Table 5 Whiteness and Yellowness index of Banana fibers bleached with combination of bleaches

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This disc was an important part of FFT apparatus that actu- ally performs the operation. During the treatment the disc rotates continuously and produces strong rotating currents within the water due to which the fibers also rotate inside the vessel. The rotation of the fibers within water contain- ing the bleach enables the bleaching action evenly. Thus the disc produced most important function of rubbing the fibers with each other as well as with water without any entanglements. Figure 1: FFT apparatus for Treatment of Filament fibers
This disc was an important part of FFT apparatus that actu- ally performs the operation. During the treatment the disc rotates continuously and produces strong rotating currents within the water due to which the fibers also rotate inside the vessel. The rotation of the fibers within water contain- ing the bleach enables the bleaching action evenly. Thus the disc produced most important function of rubbing the fibers with each other as well as with water without any entanglements. Figure 1: FFT apparatus for Treatment of Filament fibers
Table 1: Fiber Specifications Different bleaches were studied. Peracetic acid did not show any results on banana fibers and hence it was dis- carded. Hydrogen peroxide was effective on banana fibers and is discussed below in detail. Sodium hypochlorite was used in small portion in combination with hydrogen per- oxide for the reasons mentioned earlier. Hence, two bleach- ing methods were optimized. One with hydrogen peroxide and another with hydrogen peroxide in combination with sodium hypochlorite, other parameters were kept constant as for hydrogen peroxide. The results are discussed under the following heads :
Table 1: Fiber Specifications Different bleaches were studied. Peracetic acid did not show any results on banana fibers and hence it was dis- carded. Hydrogen peroxide was effective on banana fibers and is discussed below in detail. Sodium hypochlorite was used in small portion in combination with hydrogen per- oxide for the reasons mentioned earlier. Hence, two bleach- ing methods were optimized. One with hydrogen peroxide and another with hydrogen peroxide in combination with sodium hypochlorite, other parameters were kept constant as for hydrogen peroxide. The results are discussed under the following heads :
Figure 2: Banana fiber in FFT apparatus
Figure 2: Banana fiber in FFT apparatus
Table 4: Whiteness and Yellowness index of Bleached Ba- nana fibers at different alkalis
Table 4: Whiteness and Yellowness index of Bleached Ba- nana fibers at different alkalis
For the present study, three different alkalis with same con- centrations were studied. From Table 4 and Figure 4 it can be concluded that sodium hydroxide is the best suitable al- kali for bleaching banana fibers with hydrogen peroxide.
For the present study, three different alkalis with same con- centrations were studied. From Table 4 and Figure 4 it can be concluded that sodium hydroxide is the best suitable al- kali for bleaching banana fibers with hydrogen peroxide.
Equation 2 shows that when sodium hypochlorite disas- sociates in presence of hydrogen peroxide, it liberated chlorine dioxide anion (ClO,). This ClO, de-lignifies and bleaches simultaneously. It oxidizes lignin, but does not add chlorine atoms onto lignin fragments. It also acts on carbon carbon double bonds in the lignin side chains. Hence ClO, acts as a dual agent of removing lignin and bleaching the fibers. Figure 5: Percent strength loss and Percent weight loss of Banana fibers bleached with combination of bleaches
Equation 2 shows that when sodium hypochlorite disas- sociates in presence of hydrogen peroxide, it liberated chlorine dioxide anion (ClO,). This ClO, de-lignifies and bleaches simultaneously. It oxidizes lignin, but does not add chlorine atoms onto lignin fragments. It also acts on carbon carbon double bonds in the lignin side chains. Hence ClO, acts as a dual agent of removing lignin and bleaching the fibers. Figure 5: Percent strength loss and Percent weight loss of Banana fibers bleached with combination of bleaches
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Table 6: Weight loss of banana fibers after combing Hydrogen peroxide is universal bleach, and can be safely used for banana fibers. However, efficiency of hydrogen peroxide can be increased by adding sodium hypochlorite in the bleaching bath. The most effective bleaching treat- ment for banana fibers was the combination 1 of the two bleaches, which is H2O2 (0.50%) + NaOCl (0.25%). Also FFT apparatus is a potential instrument for treating banana or any filament length fibers.
Table 6: Weight loss of banana fibers after combing Hydrogen peroxide is universal bleach, and can be safely used for banana fibers. However, efficiency of hydrogen peroxide can be increased by adding sodium hypochlorite in the bleaching bath. The most effective bleaching treat- ment for banana fibers was the combination 1 of the two bleaches, which is H2O2 (0.50%) + NaOCl (0.25%). Also FFT apparatus is a potential instrument for treating banana or any filament length fibers.
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Materials SciencePulp and Paper IndustryUltimate Tensile Strength
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