metal salts

Co-and Cu-oxalate co-precipitation is achieved by mixing a solution of Co(NO 3 ) 2 . 6H 2 O and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . 3H 2 O with a solution of oxalic acid, H 2 C 2 O 4 . 2H 2 O, under vigorous stirring for up to 20 min. Using water as solvent, stoichiometric quantities have to be used. Excess amounts of oxalic acid have to be avoided since this would lead to the re-dissolution of Cu by formation of [Cu(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ] 2-. The problem of complexation is avoided by precipitating the oxalates in either 2-propanol or acetone. In the present work, a fast and homogeneous precipitation was enforced by adding an excess of oxalic acid to a solution of adjusted amounts of Co(NO 3 ) 2 . 6H 2 O and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . 3H 2 O in acetone at -80°C. After removal of the supernatant acetone the precipitate was centrifuged, dried overnight at 110 °C and finally crushed and sieved so as to obtain a size fraction between 125 and 250 µm for characterization and high-pressure catalytic investigations. Co-precipitation and conditioning of the three-component system consisting of Co-, Cuand Mn-oxalates was done the same way as described above. Mn 2+ was introduced as Mn(NO 3 ) 2 . 4H 2 O. Besides equal atomic amounts of elements (denoted as Co 1 Cu 1 Mn 1 ), samples with relative amounts of Co

Two low molecular weight metallohydrogels (ZALA and CALA) have been synthesized from an amino acid-based ligand precursor (LA) and two different metal salts [zinc acetate dihydrate (ZA) and cadmium acetate dihydrate (CA), respectively]. These two hydrogels show a unique chemically stimulated inter-conversion to each other via a reversible gel-sol-gel pathway. This programmable gel-sol reversible system satisfies logic operations of a basic Boolean logic (INHIBIT) gate. Also, these hydrogels can be degraded into different MOF phases at room temperature spontaneously or in the presence of chloride and bromide salts (NaCl, NaBr.). CdS quantum dots can be grown inside the CALA gel matrix (CdS@CALA) in the presence of small amount of Na2S. This CdS doped gel exhibits time dependent tunable emission (white to yellow to orange) as a consequence of slow agglomeration process of the entrapped quantum dots inside the gel matrix. This luminescence property also reflects in the corresponding gel derived MOFs (obtained either by self-degradation of CdS@CALA or via anion induction) as well. This, to the best of our knowledge, is probably the simplest way to make a CdS quantum dot based composite material where CdS is entrapped within the gel and the gel-derived MOF matrix.

Two low molecular weight metallohydrogels (ZALA and CALA) have been synthesized from an amino acid-based ligand precursor (LA) and two different metal salts [zinc acetate dihydrate (ZA) and cadmium acetate dihydrate (CA), respectively]. These two hydrogels show a unique chemically stimulated inter-conversion to each other via a reversible gel-sol-gel pathway. This programmable gel-sol reversible system satisfies logic operations of a basic Boolean logic (INHIBIT) gate. Also, these hydrogels can be degraded into different MOF phases at room temperature spontaneously or in the presence of chloride and bromide salts (NaCl, NaBr.). CdS quantum dots can be grown inside the CALA gel matrix (CdS@CALA) in the presence of small amount of Na2S. This CdS doped gel exhibits time dependent tunable emission (white to yellow to orange) as a consequence of slow agglomeration process of the entrapped quantum dots inside the gel matrix. This luminescence property also reflects in the corresponding gel derived MOFs (obtained either by self-degradation of CdS@CALA or via anion induction) as well. This, to the best of our knowledge, is probably the simplest way to make a CdS quantum dot based composite material where CdS is entrapped within the gel and the gel-derived MOF matrix.

Two low molecular weight metallohydrogels (ZALA and CALA) have been synthesized from an amino acid-based ligand precursor (LA) and two different metal salts [zinc acetate dihydrate (ZA) and cadmium acetate dihydrate (CA), respectively]. These two hydrogels show a unique chemically stimulated inter-conversion to each other via a reversible gel-sol-gel pathway. This programmable gel-sol reversible system satisfies logic operations of a basic Boolean logic (INHIBIT) gate. Also, these hydrogels can be degraded into different MOF phases at room temperature spontaneously or in the presence of chloride and bromide salts (NaCl, NaBr.). CdS quantum dots can be grown inside the CALA gel matrix (CdS@CALA) in the presence of small amount of Na2S. This CdS doped gel exhibits time dependent tunable emission (white to yellow to orange) as a consequence of slow agglomeration process of the entrapped quantum dots inside the gel matrix. This luminescence property also reflects in the corresponding gel derived MOFs (obtained either by self-degradation of CdS@CALA or via anion induction) as well. This, to the best of our knowledge, is probably the simplest way to make a CdS quantum dot based composite material where CdS is entrapped within the gel and the gel-derived MOF matrix.

New methods for the preparation of silver nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposite 17 materials by thermal cationic polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone (ɛ-CL) or α-pinene oxide (α-18 PO) at room temperature (RT) and under air were developed. The new initiating systems 19 were based on silanes (Si), starch nanocrystals (StN) and metal salts. Excellent 20 polymerization profiles were revealed. It was shown that silver nanoparticles (Ag(0) NPs) 21 were in-situ formed and that the addition of StN improves the polymerization efficiency. The 22 as-synthetized nanocomposite materials contained spherical nanoparticles homogenously 23 dispersed in the polymer matrices. Polymers and nanoparticles were characterized by gel 24 permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron 25 microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis spectroscopy. A 26 coherent picture of the involved chemical mechanisms is presented.

Wet-chemical discrimination of amino acids is still a challenge due to their structural similarity. Here, an optimized self-assembled eight-member sensor array is reported. The optimized sensor array stems from the combination of elements of different tongues, containing poly(para-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPE) and a supercharged green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant. The responsivity of the sensor dyes (PPEs and GFP) is enhanced in elements that contain adjuvants, such as metal salts but also cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and acridine orange; a suitable and robust eight element array discriminates all of the 20 natural amino acids in water at 25mM concentration with 100% accuracy. The results group well to the amino acid type, i.e. hydrophobic, polar and aromatic ones.

Ammonium nitrate to NH4NO3: (NH4) 2SO4 = 97: 3 to 60 : Ammonium sulphate produced by JSC Navoiyazot in a ratio of up to 40 weight The process of obtaining nitrogen fertilizer by mixing with it. The composition and properties of the products are studied. Found: NH4NO3 Increase of 2SO4 in liquid (NH4) from 3.0 to 40% on the other hand, which reduced the amount of nitrogen from 34.53 to 29.26% increased sulfur content from 0.7 to 9.59%. Used in this (NH4) The addition of 2SO4 is the viscosity of the fertilizer grains, viscosity, and liquid considerably lowered fuel absorption and water resistance rate of melting

It is the goal of this project to reverse engineer the purple pigment from The Bearded Man portrait by [1] using organic materials to create red pigments and [2] color shifting the pigments to a purple hue through the addition of metals salts, changing the pH, and color mixing. Additionally, we aim to recreate a similar portrait helping us to understand the process by which the pigments were used.

In this study, the deep eutectic solvent (DES)-aided synthesis of γ-CoV 2 O 6 under modest reaction conditions using 1:1 choline chloride-malonic acid was reported. In the presence of DES, the reaction occurred at a lower temperature (500 °C) compared with that of the respective conventional solid-state synthesis of metal oxides and also with the calcination process involving the metal salts, thereby decreasing the overall formation energy. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a 2-fold decrease in the endo effect of the thermodestruction of DES, which was observed at a low temperature. The structural pathway taken during the phase and morphology formation was investigated by in situ and ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The in situ XRD results confirmed the presence of high-temperature α-CoV 2 O 6 , which was finally converted to γ-CoV 2 O 6. On account of the metal speciation in DES similar to the bio-template, well-defined octahedral CoV 2 O 6 nanocrystals were obtained, which exhibited a remarkable OER catalytic activity at current density of 10 mA/cm 2 with an overpotential of mere 324 mV, with excellent durability for greater than 24 h. Thus, a designer DES solvent with characteristics of biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, and renewability demonstrates potential for the synthesis of noble-metal-free OER catalysts, which allows the present synthesis route to fit well within the merits of green chemistry.

The uses of Al3+ and Fe3+ salts in chemical phosphorus removal (CPR) in activated sludge plants have increased considerably in recent years and their full impacts on downstream processes such as dewaterability and digestibility are not fully understood. In this research, the effects of CPR on sludge digestibility and dewaterability were investigated in laboratory-scale experiments using sludge samples from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The results of the digestibility tests showed a 21% and 36% reduction in the biogas volume generated during anaerobic digestion of surplus activated sludge at 0.1 g/L doses of Al3+ and Fe3+ salts, respectively. This demonstrates that Al3+ dosing for CPR has less of a reduction effect compared with Fe3+ salts on biogas generation during anaerobic digestion of sludge. The dewaterability tests showed that primary sludge dewaterability was improved by up to 25% by Fe3+ and 16% by Al3+, while that of surplus activated sludge was reduced by 64% a...

The synthesis of the first alkoxide-bridged indium complex supported by a chiral dinucleating ligand platform (1), along with its zinc analogue (2), is reported. Both complexes are synthesized in a one-pot reaction starting from a chiral dinucleating bis(diamino)phenolate ligand platform, sodium ethoxide, and respective metal salts. The dinucleating indium analogue (7) based on an achiral ligand backbone is also reported. Indium complexes bearing either the chiral or achiral ligand catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of racemic lactide (rac-LA) to afford highly heterotactic poly(lactic acid) (PLA; Pr > 0.85). The indium complex bearing an achiral ligand affords essentially atactic PLA from meso-LA. The role of the dinucleating ligand structure in catalyst synthesis and polymerization activity is discussed.

Tattoos have been practiced for thousands of years and remains a common practice in various cultures and countries. Tattooing has gained popularity in Western society where about 10% of the population has at least one decorative tattoo. Lately the same phenomenon can be also observed in Romania. Metal salts or organic compounds are the pigments used in tattooing to achieve a different color. The introduction of various substances into the skin can cause side effects such as: acute inflammatory reactions, contact dermatitis, photoinduced reactions, lichenoid reactions, granulomatous reactions, pseudolimfomatous reactions, discoid lupus erythematosus, and bacterial infections (pyoderma, leprosy, tuberculosis) or viral (warts, moluscum contagiosum, hepatitic virus, HIV). In parallel with the emergence of new ways of tattooing, new ways of removing them have also developed. Currently, Q-switched laser is most commonly used to remove tattoos, however, without guarantee their complete rem...

Hydrolysis and subsequent degradation of microcrystalline cellulose in five ionic liquids (ILs) using metal salts and/or Brønsted acids as catalysts allowed for the direct access to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important renewable biofuel precursor and a useful building-block. For each catalytic system, several reaction parameters (temperature, reaction time, catalyst, and cellulose loading) have been selectively changed. Four systems ([BMIM]Cl-CrCl 3 , [BMIM]Cl-FeCl 3 , [BMIM]Cl-[MIMC 4 SO 3 H][HSO 4 ] and the not yet investigated Page 1 of 28 ACS Paragon Plus Environment ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2 [BMIM]Cl-TiOSO 4) were found to be effective for cellulose degradation into HMF. The extraction of HMF from the reaction media represents however the weak point of all these processes being able to affect negatively both HMF recovery and IL recyclability. The critical step which causes the drastic decrease in HMF yield starting from the first recycle has been clearly identified. Furthermore, the possibility to use TiOSO 4 as a sustainable and robust catalyst for the conversion of saccharides (or polysaccharides) in HMF has been shown. The present study could open new perspectives for the one-pot synthesis of HMF starting from cellulose and/or other sugars.

new complex copper compounds with ligands (histidine and argenine) with the composition [CuCl2L (H2O)] H2O, [CuCl2L2] , [CuCl2L (H2O)] 3H2O were synthesized. It is shown that the composition of the complexes obtained depends on the ratio of the initial components. The composition and structure of the complexes were studied by chemical analysis, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The method of IR and UV spectroscopy showed that the ligands in the composition of the honey (II) complexes enter into the neutral form and are coordinated with the complexing agent through the nitrogen atom. The results of thermogravimetric studies have shown that the final product of the thermal decomposition of all compounds is copper oxide, respectively.

Tattoos have been practiced for thousands of years and remains a common practice in various cultures and countries. Tattooing has gained popularity in Western society where about 10% of the population has at least one decorative tattoo. Lately the same phenomenon can be also observed in Romania. Metal salts or organic compounds are the pigments used in tattooing to achieve a different color. The introduction of various substances into the skin can cause side effects such as: acute inflammatory reactions, contact dermatitis, photoinduced reactions, lichenoid reactions, granulomatous reactions, pseudolimfomatous reactions, discoid lupus erythematosus, and bacterial infections (pyoderma, leprosy, tuberculosis) or viral (warts, moluscum contagiosum, hepatitic virus, HIV). In parallel with the emergence of new ways of tattooing, new ways of removing them have also developed. Currently, Q-switched laser is most commonly used to remove tattoos, however, without guarantee their complete rem...

A rational synthetic method is developed to produce monodisperse metal sulfide nanocrystals (NCs) in organic nonpolar solutions by using (NH 4) 2 S as a sulfide precursor. (NH 4) 2 S is stabilized in an organic primary amine solution and exhibits high reactivity toward metal complexes. This novel technique exhibits wide applicability for organic phase metal sulfide NC synthesis: a large variety of monodisperse NCs have been synthesized, including Cu 2 S, CdS, SnS, ZnS, MnS, Ag 2 S, and Bi 2 S 3. The stoichiometric reactions between (NH 4) 2 S and metal salts afford high conversion yields, and large-scale production of monodisperse NCs (more than 30 g) can be synthesized in a single reaction. The high reactivity of (NH 4) 2 S enables low temperature (<100°C) syntheses, and the air-stable materials (such as CdS NCs) can be produced in air. Moreover, this low-temperature technique can be used to produce small size NCs which are difficult to be synthesized by the conventional high temperature methods, such as sub-5 nm Ag 2 S and Bi 2 S 3 quantum dots.

It is the goal of this project to reverse engineer the purple pigment from The Bearded Man portrait by [1] using organic materials to create red pigments and [2] color shifting the pigments to a purple hue through the addition of metals salts, changing the pH, and color mixing. Additionally, we aim to recreate a similar portrait helping us to understand the process by which the pigments were used.

Herein we present a sustainable and cost effective approach for the preparation of functionalized graphene nanosheets (GNs) directly from seaweed and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The seaweed granules remained after the recovery of juice from fresh brown seaweed, Sargassum tenerrimum was utilized as a raw material and DES generated by the complexation of choline chloride and metal salts were employed as solvent and catalyst for the large scale and facile production of metal oxide functionalized GNs.

Transition metal salt-pluronic liquid crystalline (TMS-PLC) mesophases of A-P85, B-P85 and ((1 À x)A + xB)-P85 (where A is [Cd(H 2 O) 4 ](NO 3) 2 , B is [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ](NO 3) 2 and P85 is a triblock copolymer, HO(CH 2 CH 2 O) 26 (CH 2 (CH 3)CHO) 40 (CH 2 CH 2 O) 26 H) have been used to produce mesostructured metal sulfide films. The TMS-PLC mesophases of A-P85, B-P85 and (A + B)-P85 are well ordered with a salt/P85 mole ratio between 3.0 and 11.0 with a 3D hexagonal structure. The reaction between the mesophases of A-P85, B-P85 and ((1 À x)A + xB)-P85 and H 2 S gas at room temperature produces mesostructured CdS, ZnS and Cd 1Àx Zn x S films, respectively. The initial salt concentrations in the TMS-PLC phase determine the final Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions in the Cd 1Àx Zn x S crystal structure, where x can be controlled between 0.0 and 1.0. Fresh samples of the mesophase reacted under an H 2 S atmosphere are continues films that slowly leach out excess P85 producing P85 rich dendrite domains and aggregates of 50 to 100 nm particles of mesostructured CdS, ZnS or Cd 1Àx Zn x S. However, well homogenized TMS-PLC mesophases produce stable film samples upon H 2 S reaction.

Cd(II)-modified mesoporous silica films and/or monoliths synthesized in one pot using a true liquid crystalline (TLC) approach have been reacted with H 2 S gas to produce CdS-modified mesostructured nanocomposite materials (Nano-CdS/meso-SiO 2). During this process, both the TLC and the metallotropic liquid crystalline (MLC) mesophase of metal salt ([Cd(H 2 O) 4 ](NO 3) 2)-nonionic surfactant (C n H 2n+1-(OCH 2 CH 2) m OH, C n EO m) systems were collectively used to incorporate large quantities of metal ions into the mesoporous silica film and monoliths. The effect of the cadmium nitrate concentration on the formation and structure of the mesoporous silica has also been investigated. The results show that at low salt concentrations, the mesoporous silica is anisotropic (hexagonal); however, at high salt concentration, the structure is isotropic (cubic or disordered). The freshly prepared CdS nanoparticles are reactive toward the surface acids that form during the H 2 S treatment. These surface acids also promote the degradation of the CdS nanopaticles. However, the CdS particles in the mesopores can be stabilized by washing out the acid sides or aging the samples for a period of time before the H 2 S reaction. The optical absorption edge of the CdS nanoparticle in the pores is sensitive to the composition and structure of the host. In this context, the materials were characterized using FTIR, micro-Raman, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, POM, TEM, and PXRD techniques.

Patagonia, due to its geographic position and the dominance of westerly winds, is a key area that contributes to the supply of nutrients to the Southern Ocean, both through mineral dust and through the periodic deposits of volcanic ash. Here we evaluate the characteristics of Fe dissolved (into soluble and colloidal species) from volcanic ash for three recent southern Andes volcanic eruptions having contrasting features and chemical compositions. Contact between cloud waters (wet deposition) and end-members of andesitic (Hudson volcano) and rhyolitic (Chaitén volcano) materials was simulated. Results indicate higher Fe release and faster liberation rates in the andesitic material. Fe release during particle-seawater interaction (dry deposition) has higher rates in rhyolitic-type ashes. Rhyolitic ashes under acidic conditions release Fe in higher amounts and at a slower rate, while in those samples containing mostly glass shards, Fe release was lower and faster. The 2011 Puyehue eruption was observed by a dust monitoring station. Puyehue-type eruptions can contribute soluble Fe to the ocean via dry or wet deposition, nearly reaching the limit required for phytoplankton growth. In contrast, the input of Fe after processing by an acidic eruption plume could raise the amount of dissolved Fe in surface ocean waters several times, above the threshold required to initiate phytoplankton blooms. A single eruption like the Puyehue one represents more than half of the yearly Fe flux contributed by dust.

Tattoos have been practiced for thousands of years and remains a common practice in various cultures and countries. Tattooing has gained popularity in Western society where about 10% of the population has at least one decorative tattoo. Lately the same phenomenon can be also observed in Romania. Metal salts or organic compounds are the pigments used in tattooing to achieve a different color. The introduction of various substances into the skin can cause side effects such as: acute inflammatory reactions, contact dermatitis, photoinduced reactions, lichenoid reactions, granulomatous reactions, pseudolimfomatous reactions, discoid lupus erythematosus, and bacterial infections (pyoderma, leprosy, tuberculosis) or viral (warts, moluscum contagiosum, hepatitic virus, HIV). In parallel with the emergence of new ways of tattooing, new ways of removing them have also developed. Currently, Q-switched laser is most commonly used to remove tattoos, however, without guarantee their complete rem...

Tattoos have been practiced for thousands of years and remains a common practice in various cultures and countries. Tattooing has gained popularity in Western society where about 10% of the population has at least one decorative tattoo. Lately the same phenomenon can be also observed in Romania. Metal salts or organic compounds are the pigments used in tattooing to achieve a different color. The introduction of various substances into the skin can cause side effects such as: acute inflammatory reactions, contact dermatitis, photoinduced reactions, lichenoid reactions, granulomatous reactions, pseudolimfomatous reactions, discoid lupus erythematosus, and bacterial infections (pyoderma, leprosy, tuberculosis) or viral (warts, moluscum contagiosum, hepatitic virus, HIV). In parallel with the emergence of new ways of tattooing, new ways of removing them have also developed. Currently, Q-switched laser is most commonly used to remove tattoos, however, without guarantee their complete removal.