bar code

Since the 1970s, automatic identification (auto-ID) technologies have been evolving to revolutionise the way people live and work. Previous research has not addressed auto-ID technological innovation as a field of study, despite its growing importance on consumer, business and government electronic commerce (EC) applications. This paper is specifically concerned with five auto-ID technologies, bar codes, magnetic-stripe card, smart card, biometrics and radiofrequency identification (RF/ID) tags and transponders. Using multiple embedded case studies and applying the fundamental concepts of the systems of innovation (SI) approach, the overall aim is to understand the selection environment of the auto-ID industry. The results show that industry competition encourages the coexistence of numerous auto-ID technologies, dispelling the idea that one superior technology will make all others obsolete. This can be seen by the trends of migration, integration and convergence that are occurring in auto-ID innovation today. The significance of the study rests in its practical contributions. Stakeholders will benefit by becoming more aware of the opportunities in the market for the recombination of one or more auto-ID techniques. Additionally, suppliers of auto-ID system components will understand the new paradigm where various auto-ID firms can share in the same trajectory successfully.

Traceability is becoming a method of providing safer food supplies and of connecting producers and consumers. Recent diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE) and the questions concerning genetically modified organism (GMO) mean systems that enable control of each link in the food chain have become particularly relevant. Furthermore, although EU law no. 178 came into effect on the 1st January 2005, at the time of writing the regulatory situation is very confused. The aim of this paper is to analyze legal and regulatory aspects of food traceability, and to provide a general framework for the identification of fundamental mainstays and functionalities in an effective traceability system. Possible technical resources were clarified by analyzing assessment criteria obtained from studies of alphanumerical codes, bar codes, and radio frequency identification (RFID). Finally, the paper presents the traceability system used by Parmigiano Reggiano (the famous Italian cheese) which was developed using the proposed general framework. Based on an integration of alphanumerical codes and RFID technology, the system is working well with very good results for both cheese producers and consumers. Some interesting observations concerning development trends and traceability system costs close the paper.

Camspects is a camera based portable barcode reader and detection glass for visually impaired people. The idea is to determine the name and price of the product the user held in their hand. The product is held in front of the spectacles and camera attached with the spectacles captures the image. From the image the details of the product is obtained from the database. Thus the details of the hand held product can be obtained and can be distinguished in no time. Hence, it is widely used in their shopping purposes. This product is easy to use, portable and user-friendly. Only simple guidelines are required to use the camspects. The extracted output is given as an audio through the head phones attached with the spectacles.

Reconstruction of a bilevel function such as a bar code signal in a partially blind deconvolution problem is an important task in industrial processes. Existing methods are based on either the local approach or the regularization approach with a total variation penalty. This article reformulated the problem explicitly in terms of change points of the 0-1 step function. The bilevel function is then reconstructed by solving the nonlinear least squares problem subject to linear inequality constraints, with starting values provided by the local extremas of the derivative of the convolved signal from discrete noisy data. Simulation results show a considerable improvement of the quality of the bilevel function using the proposed hybrid approach over the local approach. The hybrid approach extends the workable range of the standard deviation of the Gaussian kernel significantly.

This paper identifies the contributing factors of product shrinkage and investigates the current state of antitheft technology as part of the loss prevention strategy for a major Australian retailer. Using a case study approach a total of eleven interviews were conducted with employees of the retailer to identify factors contributing to product shrinkage and ways to overcome these through the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. Known sources of product shrinkage included: warehouse discrepancies, internal and external theft, product recalls, shop return fraud, extortion, human and system error, poor stock control, poor rotation of stock, misplaced product items, lost products, product spoilage and damage. Each of the retailer's stores, in the chain of approximately 700, loses about 350000 Australian dollars to product shrinkage every six months. This paper argues that RFID would act as a partial solution toward the minimization of the retailer's product shrinkage and provide greater visibility throughout the supply chain.

El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas de identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia) y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas de identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia) y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

Dental prosthesis is intended for replacement of lost dental pieces restoring the oral function and, taking into account their characteristics and purpose, are classified as Medical Devices (MD). Its preparation involves an interaction between the dental professionals, dental assistants and dental lab technicians. This narrative review aimed to catalog and define the MD in dentistry, in particular custom-made medical devices (CMMD, dentures); It was still intended to enumerate the main routes of infection transmission and general concepts about bio-safety that guide infection control in relation to clinical and laboratory environments during rehabilitation with CMMD; to review literature guidelines concerning communication between laboratory and dental clinics, particularly as to the possibilities of CMMD traceability in terms of control and bio-safety, and their contributions to clinical practice. The research used the following terminology: "

We report the first barcode identification of water flea species Moina macrocopa (strain JSK1) from the Indian subcontinent. The strain isolated from a freshwater pond near Mumbai by collective efforts of CUBE (Collaborative Undergraduate Biology Education), was morphologically characterized as Moina species. Keeping up with the growing demand of affordable science in colleges and to avoid hazardous technologies, we established a home grown porcelain-abrasion DNA extraction strategy for crustaceans, and compared it against routinely used protocols employing liquid nitrogen or insect-DNA isolation kits. Our method successfully yielded high quality genomic DNA from Moina, comparable to published protocols as further analysed by restriction digestion, ligation and PCR efficiency. We also sequenced two barcoding loci namely, COI and ITS sequences, duly submitted and curated by Genbank (accession numbers MH734122.1 and MH745035.1). Molecular phylogenetic analyses identified the Indian sp...

El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas de identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia) y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas de identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia) y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas de identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia) y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas de identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia) y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

We report the first barcode identification of water flea species Moina macrocopa (strain JSK1) from the Indian subcontinent. The strain isolated from a freshwater pond near Mumbai by collective efforts of CUBE (Collaborative Undergraduate Biology Education), was morphologically characterized as Moina species. Keeping up with the growing demand of affordable science in colleges and to avoid hazardous technologies, we established a home grown porcelain-abrasion DNA extraction strategy for crustaceans, and compared it against routinely used protocols employing liquid nitrogen or insect-DNA isolation kits. Our method successfully yielded high quality genomic DNA from Moina, comparable to published protocols as further analysed by restriction digestion, ligation and PCR efficiency. We also sequenced two barcoding loci namely, COI and ITS sequences, duly submitted and curated by Genbank (accession numbers MH734122.1 and MH745035.1). Molecular phylogenetic analyses identified the Indian sp...

El Ecuador es un país considerado megabiodiverso por su alta riqueza de especies en varios grupos biológicos; sin embargo, aún se desconoce el número total de estas especies, en parte debido a la falta de fondos de investigación, complejidad taxonómica de algunos grupos y el relativo aislamiento del país en relación a iniciativas científicas mundiales. Solamente la creación de un sistema de identificación de especies que incluya las características del espécimen voucher, muestras de tejidos y la secuencia de Barcodes permitiría llegar a determinar la verdadera riqueza biológica del Ecuador. El presente trabajo aborda algunos aspectos sobre la iniciativa mundial del «Código de Barras del ADN», se hace hincapié en sus potenciales aplicaciones en torno a la investigación para la conservación de la diversidad biológica del Ecuador. Esta iniciativa propone emplear información dentro de una misma región génica (gen mitocondrial del Citocromo c Oxidasa I = COI), en todas las especies vivientes y con condiciones de secuenciación universalmente aceptadas y estandarizadas. Esta herramienta científica no pretende sustituir la taxonomía alfa y la filogenia, sino más bien agilizar las tareas de identificación, especialmente en el campo de la Biomedicina (identificación de patógenos, parásitos y vectores), el control de plagas (cualquiera sea su estado de desarrollo ontogenético), detección de especies invasivas, estudios sobre conservación de la biodiversidad y sanción de delitos ambientales. La integración del «Código de barras del ADN», el trabajo de campo, las colecciones de museos y la investigación científica resultan imprescindibles para que esta herramienta redunde en avances significativos en la generación de bioconocimiento en el Ecuador. Palabras claves: diversidad biológica, conservación, complejidad taxonómica, Código de Barras de ADN, gen mitocondrial COI, bioconocimiento.

Daphniaare key model organisms for mechanistic studies of phenotypic plasticity, adaptation and microevolution, which have led to an increasing demand for genomics resources. A key step in any genomics analysis, such as high-throughput sequencing, is the availability of sufficient and high quality DNA. Although commercial kits exist to extract genomic DNA from several species, preparation of high quality DNA fromDaphniaspp. and other chitinous species can be challenging. Here, we optimise methods for tissue homogenisation, DNA extraction and quantification customised for different downstream analyses (e.g., LC-MS/MS, Hiseq, mate pair sequencing or Nanopore). We demonstrate that ifDaphnia magnaare homogenised as whole animals (including the carapace), absorbance-based DNA quantification methods significantly over-estimate the amount of DNA, resulting in using insufficient starting material for experiments, such as preparation of sequencing libraries. This is attributed to the high re...

We report the first barcode identification of water flea species Moina macrocopa (strain JSK1) from the Indian subcontinent. The strain isolated from a freshwater pond near Mumbai by collective efforts of CUBE (Collaborative Undergraduate Biology Education), was morphologically characterized as Moina species. Keeping up with the growing demand of affordable science in colleges and to avoid hazardous technologies, we established a home grown porcelain-abrasion DNA extraction strategy for crustaceans, and compared it against routinely used protocols employing liquid nitrogen or insect-DNA isolation kits. Our method successfully yielded high quality genomic DNA from Moina, comparable to published protocols as further analysed by restriction digestion, ligation and PCR efficiency. We also sequenced two barcoding loci namely, COI and ITS sequences, duly submitted and curated by Genbank (accession numbers MH734122.1 and MH745035.1). Molecular phylogenetic analyses identified the Indian species as Moina macrocopa and related it closely to the Russian clade. Protein prediction analyses of the variations in COI revealed that the missense mutations lie in the aliphatic membrane helices and should not affect the catalytic capacity of cytochrome oxidase. The strain JSK1 is currently disseminated and maintained collectively by CUBE students across India, towards developing it as a model system.

Barcoding system is a cheap and reliable way for tagging the products. Barcode detection process is needed for an invetory system to detect the barcodes of the products and for the billing system of the inventory concerned. Now a days, laser scanners are costly which is used to detect single barcode in supershops. If we can detect multiple barcodes from an image, it can help everyone to save some more time than scanning them separatelt. Previously there were many methods like filtering, feature extraction, YOLO model for detecting single barcodes in a fast and reliable way. All those methods did not focus to detect multiple barcodes accurately. In this thesis work, we have developed a model which works better for detecting and decoding multiple barcodes
simultaneously. We have used Faster RCNN model for the detection of multiple barcodes. The detection process is also done using Pyzbar library separately. But Faster RCNN gives us better output to detect barcodes from an image than this library does. With the help of Tensorflow API, we worked on our dataset for the detection process of
barcodes at first. After training the barcodes, the model is tested with more than three hundred images of high and low resolutions. The detection rate is much improved than the existing studies, for both resolutions and almost all the barcodes are effectively detected.
Moreover, the decoding process is done on Arte-Lab dataset with the help of Zbar library. Though the detection rate using Faster RCNN is little bit slower, but it gives better accuracy. The detection and decoding accuracy throughout the model can facilitate business system for faster transaction.

La teoria della "modernità liquida" di Bauman è molto diffusa, soprattutto nei settori colti della società. In base a essa i mutamenti sociali intercorsi nell'ultimo cinquantennio sono attribuibili soprattutto a un cambiamento nella mentalità dei capitalisti. È davvero così? O è possibile rintracciare le origini materiali di quei mutamenti?

In questo lavoro, cercando di descrivere le ragioni materiali che indussero i capitalisti a cambiare mentalità, provo a tracciare come sia mutata la composizione e la struttura della classe lavoratrice, la quale, probabilmente, non si è irrimediabilmente liquefatta come afferma Bauman, ma si è trasformata, e la liquefazione che egli osserva, forse, è semplicemente sintomo di un mutamento ancora in corso, del passaggio da uno stato solido a un altro.

Per descrivere tali cambiamenti analizzo la storia economica dell'ultimo cinquantennio, ponendo particolare attenzione sulle innovazioni tecnologiche, sui mutamenti del modello produttivo che hanno permesso alle imprese di organizzare la produzione su scala globale e sull'ideologia neoliberista, soprattutto sulle conseguenze della sua massificazione e della sua diffusione anche tra i lavoratori.

S: In libraries there are a number of ways to get using QR codes. Barcodes are used within libraries mainly to link items to a catalogue record. Using the traditional barcode the information contained is very limited and only by scanning the barcode (at the library counter) are you able to find further information contained within the catalogue record. If instead we started to use QR codes to label books, journals, audio/visual, offprints etc and a user wanted to see further information about that resource all they'd need to do is scan the QR code. They'd be able to find descriptive information, images, useful URLs etc all at the touch of a button on their phone. This paper examines QR codes and how they can be composed and scan and decode by a camera. QR code is 2-dimensional barcode used for quick response service in academic libraries to a new generation students. This article contains a small sampling of current QR code implementations as well as a summary of what has been done to encourage student engagement with the library through the use of QR codes at the AIKTC (Anjuman-I-Islam's Kalsekar Technical Campus) Central Library.

W tekście (będącym rozdziałem w książce "Teoretyczne podstawy informatyki") opisano podstawowe pojęcia związane z kodami, kodowaniem i dekodowaniem informacji. Przedstawiono możliwości kodowania zwięzłego, kodowania zabezpieczającego i - jako przykład - opis popularnego kodu paskowego.

This paper presents a small trolley system which provide fast purchase and great convenience to customers. The main objective s are to eliminate human labor to push trolley and to reduce the time of the queue in supermarket. Sensor technology, rfid, image processing is used in several areas. In this paper sensor technology is used to guidance the trolley system. This system can automatically follows the customer from rack to rack for collecting items and it maintains a safe distance between customer and itself. There is also a QR scanner facility to read the QR code of the product which the customer is taking and shows the pri ce details and other details of the system. This design will reduce the efforts and time consumption of the user.

In this digital era, QR Code is becoming one of the most popular tools and it great help to website towards strengthening the relationship and promoting enhanced to existing library website. Q R Code is a state of art AIDC technology that is gaining popularity with Library fraternity in India. It is one such technology which can offer to the user demand of providing access to e-resources through mobile. These advanced technologies offer access very convenient, instantaneous information, across boundaries of subject and particular area. Don Bosco College Central Library is set an example in experimenting with adopting new technology developments; where it is computerization and automation or adopting other ICT to improve facilities their services. The rapid developments in ICT have given a solid foundation for revolutionary changes in the information handling capabilities of information dissemination. Don Bosco College Central Library may well reach out to the remote users who were considered unlikely to connect because of absence of a medium. Users are becoming increasingly web savvy reliant on advance technologies for sharing, accessing and determining their information. Keeping in mind, researcher integrated AIDC in Mobile viaQR Code Technology in Don Bosco College Central Library Website for enhancing library services.

In this paper, we propose a new technology which combines the visual cryptography with a picture embedding pictode for the security of information. Hence the paper combines both the advantages of the modified visual cryptography and improved picture embedded 2D barcode. Actually, there are two methods used to introduce confidentiality and security when visual data are transmitted through unsecured channels: data hiding and visual cryptography. Data hiding usually tries to embed data in digital media and transmit it in an imperceptible way so that the confidential messages is send securely and with visual cryptography the original input is shared between a set of participants by a secret image holder. Visual cryptography is a method of protecting the image-based secrets that has a computation free decoding process. The scheme provides an efficient way to hide the natural image among different shares. The two-dimensional barcodes have been widely used as an interface to connect potential customers and advertisement contents. However, the appearance of a conventional 2D barcode pattern is often too obtrusive for integrating into an aesthetically designed advertisement.

Blindness is a state of lacking the visual perception due to physiological or neurological factors. In the existing system only specific functions are available whereas in this proposed system more than three functions are integrated together. In this project, simple, cheap and user-friendly smart blind guidance system is designed and implemented to improve the mobility of blind and visually impaired people. The project includes wearable equipment comprising earphones. It is connected to raspberry-pi in order to perform the functions such as obstacle detection, face recognition, image to speech conversion and currency detection to help the visually impaired people to move anywhere without the help of others. In this project image processing with Haar classifier algorithm and ANN algorithm is used to perform the functions.

This chapter deals with the use of QR codes, especially in Libraries. The full form of QR code is Quick Response code. The QR code technology is just like the barcode technology. The differences between barcode technology and QR code technology is that barcode technology can handle the information only in horizontal direction and QR code technology can handle the information in both horizontal and vertical direction. QR code technology is widely used as a medium to deliver a message to end users. The QR codes are mainly used by libraries for the purpose of promoting their services. Nowadays the QR code technology is widely used by many libraries for providing quickly access to their resources.

El Ecuador es un país considerado megabiodiverso por su alta riqueza de especies en varios grupos biológicos; sin embargo, aún se
desconoce el número total de estas especies, en parte debido a la falta de fondos de investigación, complejidad taxonómica de algunos
grupos y el relativo aislamiento del país en relación a iniciativas científicas mundiales. Solamente la creación de un sistema de identificación
de especies que incluya las características del espécimen voucher, muestras de tejidos y la secuencia de Barcodes permitiría
llegar a determinar la verdadera riqueza biológica del Ecuador. El presente trabajo aborda algunos aspectos sobre la iniciativa mundial
del «Código de Barras del ADN», se hace hincapié en sus potenciales aplicaciones en torno a la investigación para la conservación de
la diversidad biológica del Ecuador. Esta iniciativa propone emplear información dentro de una misma región génica (gen mitocondrial
del Citocromo c Oxidasa I = COI), en todas las especies vivientes y con condiciones de secuenciación universalmente aceptadas y
estandarizadas. Esta herramienta científica no pretende sustituir la taxonomía alfa y la filogenia, sino más bien agilizar las tareas de
identificación, especialmente en el campo de la Biomedicina (identificación de patógenos, parásitos y vectores), el control de plagas
(cualquiera sea su estado de desarrollo ontogenético), detección de especies invasivas, estudios sobre conservación de la biodiversidad
y sanción de delitos ambientales. La integración del «Código de barras del ADN», el trabajo de campo, las colecciones de museos
y la investigación científica resultan imprescindibles para que esta herramienta redunde en avances significativos en la generación de
bioconocimiento en el Ecuador

Camspects is a camera based portable barcode reader and detection glass for visually impaired people. The idea is to determine the name and price of the product the user held in their hand. The product is held in front of the spectacles and camera attached with the spectacles captures the image. From the image the details of the product is obtained from the database. Thus the details of the hand held product can be obtained and can be distinguished in no time. Hence, it is widely used in their shopping purposes. This product is easy to use, portable and user-friendly. Only simple guidelines are required to use the camspects. The extracted output is given as an audio through the head phones attached with the spectacles.

Being an area with major industrial interests, many techniques related to barcode information processing exists. There exist a large variety of barcode types and shapes, but the most used ones are the 1D barcodes that have successions of black and white bars of different thickness, and 2D barcodes of square shapes which contain successions of black and white dots (small squares, rectangles, hexagons, etc). It is generally accepted that the conventional way of a Barcode Reader to work is to firstly binarize its input, and then execute the rest of its operations in the binary domain. Not all existing Barcode Readers use the conventional solution, since the binarization can practically be implemented at any level of the applied procedures. In this paper we present our solution for a barcode reader using camera phone devices.

This article deals with some of the most controversial issues of the DNA barcode initiative, focusing on its potential applications to Entomology. The barcoding proposes using information within the same gene region (Cytocrome c Oxidase I= COI mitochondrial gene), in all living species and under standard conditions of sequencing. At present, it does not attempt to replace alpha taxonomy or phylogeny, but to accelerate the task of identifi cation, particularly, in the fi elds of Biomedicine (identifi cation of pathogens, parasites and vectors), Pest Control (interception of all ontogenetic stages of alien invasive insects) and studies on Biodiversity Conservation. For an accurate delimitation of biological species, it is necessary to undertake exhaustive sampling of COI sequences along their geographical range, as well as to sequence nuclear genes, and to accomplish detailed morphological and biological information. The «Evolutionary Signifi cant Units» based on «DNA barcoding» might correspond to morphospecies, cryptic species, subspecies or lineages with different host preferences. The integration of «DNA barcode», fi eld work, collections of museums and scientifi c research are essential for this tool to make a fruitful impact on the fi eld of Systematic Entomology.