WHOQOL-BREF

Generic (G) Quality of Life (QoL) has broader implications and potentialities than Health-Related (HR) QoL. Italian tools for the assessment of G-QoL are few and present considerable limitations. The aim of the present work was to assess psychometric characteristics of the BASIQ (BAtteria di Strumenti per l'Indagine della Qualità di Vita), the Italian translation and adaptation of the Quality of Life Instrument Package (QoL-IP) of the Centre for Health Promotion, University of Toronto. The package is based on an interpretative model of QoL that integrates qualitative and quantitative, as well as subjective and objective data, but the core quality of life measure is the perception of satisfaction weighted by ratings of importance. The BASIQ is comprised of three instruments: a direct interview with the person that is scored like a questionnaire but provides considerable qualitative data, a questionnaire for proxies who know the person well (caregiver, front line healthcare operators, etc.), and a questionnaire for external assessors (general practitioner, specialist, lawyer, etc.). The BASIQ was used to assess QoL of a sample of 280 participants with psychiatric disorders or Intellectual Disability (ID) or dual diagnosis (ID + psychiatric disorder); control participants were considered to be healthy. All participants were recruited randomly or consecutively among those attending the psychiatric clinic of the University of Florence or residential and rehabilitative facilities for ID in Tuscany and Veneto (Italy). Healthy participants were randomly recruited among students or trainees of the Schools of Medicine and Psychology of the University of Florence and from occasional users of outpatient centres of the Quartiere 2 of Florence. The absence of psychic and physical disorders was certified through their scores on the General Health Questionnaire. Five psychologists, three psychiatrists, two speech therapists and one educator administered the interview and the proxy questionnaire to a random number of consecutive participants. Three general practitioners and one psychiatrist completed the external assessor questionnaire. The inter-rater reliability was assessed through a special session in which different professionals independently attributed scores to the same case, after having been provided information by the referring psychiatrist. The reliability of the instrument was very good. Reliability and internal consistency analysis resulted in a Cronbach's alfa of 0.990 and in significant Spearman's and Pearson's coefficients for all the computable correlations between subareas in all the subgroups of the sample (Tables ). The only 3 non-significant correlation coefficients were among those made by the external assessor. Inter-rater reliability, calculated through Cohen's K, was higher than 0.7. As an integrated auto and hetero compiled assessment battery of G-QoL, the BASIQ shows good psychometric characteristics. This instrument appears to be valid for use with all adult individuals, independently from the presence and the type of psychic disorder or intellectual disability. The BASIQ also appears to be appropriate for use by various types of professionals and service providers, both in the role of rater and informant. Thus, it can represent a valuable support in the application of QoL to research and to all practical articulations of new mental health policies.

The emergence of side effects in the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs is reported to disrupt daily activities; thus, it can affect the quality of life of TB patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs and TB patients' quality of life. This research was conducted in April-July 2019 at Respira Hospital Yogyakarta, involving 35 tuberculosis patients who routinely underwent treatment. This study used a prospective observational study design with a casecontrol method with interviews and WHOQOL-BREF (WHO Quality of Life-BREF) questionnaire. A total of 35 patients (100%) experienced side effects of tuberculosis treatment. A total of 33 patients (94.3%) had a good quality of life, and two other patients (5.7%) had a poor quality of life. The relationship between side effects and quality of life was divided into two categories: the severity of side effects and interference with side effects on daily activities. A total of 23 patients (65.8%) experienced mild side effects, and 12 patients (34.2%) experienced severe side effects. A total of 16 patients (45.7%) admitted that side effects did not interfere with activity, nine patients (25.7%) claimed side effects interfered with activity, and ten patients (28.9%) claimed side effects significantly interfered with activity. The relationship between the severity of side effects with quality of life obtained a p-value > 0.05 with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.2 (95% Cl = 0.932-1.546). The relationship between drug side effects and quality of life obtained p-value > 0.05. Both p-values indicated no significant relationship. Thus, it can be said that the side effect of the TB-drug did not significantly affect TB patients' quality of life.

Introducción:en Colombia existen pocos es- tudios que den cuenta de la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en usuarios de los programas de actividad física (AF). Objetivo: determinar la percepción de CVRS de los usuarios de un programa de AF en un municipio colombiano. Metodología:estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron 1076 suje- tos, con promedio edad 56,6 años DE 12,8; el 88,3% mujeres. Se evaluaron variables socio- demográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, niveles de AF y la percepción de la CVRS. Se realizó el análisis univariado, bivariado (U de Mann-whitney y Kruskal Wallis) y multivariado exploratorio (regresión lineal). Significancia estadística p<0,05. Resultados: los puntajes de CVRS variaron entre 65 y 70,2 con valores más bajos en la dimensión "ambiental" y más alta dimensión "física" (ser hombre, mayor edad, educación baja, viudo, desempleado, fumar, ser hipertenso y tener diabetes mellitus); dimensión ps...

Quality of life (QOL) is an important component in assessing people's health. Environmental quality can influence people's QOL in the physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment domains. QOL in the four domains, overall QOL and general heath of residents living in the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong were assessed. The association between satisfaction with the neighborhood environment and QOL, and health-related behaviors which mediated the effect were investigated. A sample of 317 residents completed a questionnaire which comprised the WHOQOL-BREF (Hong Kong version) to assess QOL, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to study physical activities, and questions on satisfaction with the neighborhood environment, health-related behaviors and socio-demographics. One-way ANOVA and linear regression were used to study the associations between environmental satisfaction and QOL in the four domains, overall QOL and general health, followe...

The COVID-19 Pandemic, in 2020, had in Portugal an impact on several domains of individuals functioning. It still fairly unknown how individuals experience the emergency state, marked by the lockdown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the

We were curious about the degree of anxiety and depression and their effect on the quality of life of the caregivers of veterans with spinal cord injury (SCI). A convenience sample of 72 out of 120 caregiver spouses of veterans with spinal cord injury participated in our study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were considered as a measure of depression and anxiety. The World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was considered to evaluate the quality of life. To compare the caregivers, we enrolled 74 matched caregiver spouses of patients without spinal cord injury. The average age of the spouses was 44.7±6.5. The average time elapsed from the injury was 26.4±3.1 years. There was a significant difference in all domains of quality of life and depression between the caregivers and the control group, but there was not a significant difference in terms of anxiety. There was a negative correlation between depression and age, level of educatio...

BackgroundThe World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) is a frequently used instrument to assess the quality of life in both healthy and ill populations. Inquiries of the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-Bref report that the validity and reliability is generally satisfactory. However, some studies fail to support a four-factor dimensionality; others report poor reliability of the social and environmental domain; and there may be some challenges of supporting construct validity across age. This paper evaluates the psychometric properties of the Norwegian WHOQOL-Bref and extends previous research by testing for measurement invariance across age, gender and education level. In addition, we provide updated normative data for the Norwegian population.MethodsWe selected a random sample of the Norwegian population (n = 654) aged 18–75 years. Participants filled out the WHOQOL-Bref, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and various sociodemographic variables....

Doctors have an essential role in healthcare service, and their quality of life (QoL) is crucial for their professional satisfaction and overall well-being. This study assessed the QoL among physicians and explored the influencing factors that affect it. This cross-sectional study was carried out using a selfadministered Internet survey. The survey was focused on physicians employed at various hospitals and clinics in Egypt. Data on participants' demographics, work-related factors, and QoL were collected using WHOQOL-BREF. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire measures a participant's perception of their life quality across various domains, including general health, physical wellbeing, psychological health, social relationships, and the environment. The scores for each domain are calculated based on participants' responses to specific items, with higher scores indicating a better QoL. The QoL scores were 3.57±1.02 for the general health domain, 12.93±2.49 for physical domain, 12.29±2.67 for psychological domain, 12.87±3.20 for social domain, and 11.00±2.58 for environmental domain. The overall QoL score was 3.64±0.835. The findings indicate a moderate QoL among the participating physicians. The physicians' QoL domains were affected by age, sex, education level, marital status, chronic disease, smoking, speciality, working hours per week, extra working hours, and work experience.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare QOL among people in India using lower-limb prostheses or orthoses with people without disability. A further aim was to compare subgroups and investigate whether QOL was associated with physical disability, gender, income, living area, and education. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study in which the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref was used to collect self-reported data. A total of 277 participants from India were included, 155 with disability and 122 without. Group comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U and the Kruskal-Wallis tests and associations were explored using regression analyses of the four QOL domains: physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment. Results: Participants with physical disability scored significantly lower than did participants without disability in three of the four QOL domains, i.e., physical health, (Median 14.29 vs 16.29; p < .001) psychological, (Median 14.67 vs. 15.33; p = .017) and environment (Median13.00 vs 14.00; p = .006). For people with disability those with no or irregular income and those not attending school having the lowest QOL scores in all four domains. Education was associated with all four QOL domains and income was associated with psychological and environment. Living in urban slums was associated with a higher risk of lower QOL in three QOL domains, i.e., physical health, psychology, and environment. Conclusions: Despite rehabilitation services, people with physical disability experienced lower QOL in terms of the physical health, psychological, and environmental domains than did people without disability. Community-based rehabilitation programmes for prosthetic and orthotic users need to increase and improve their rehabilitation services to increase income and improve access to education. Priority could be given to those who have no or irregular income, live in urban slums, and have not attended school to further improve their QOL.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Substance use disorders, particularly those involving alcohol and opioids, significantly impacts
individuals’ quality of life (QoL), affecting physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Both alcohol and opioid
dependence syndromes (ADS and ODS) lead to considerable morbidity and mortality, but their effects on QoL vary due to differences in
pharmacological properties and social consequences. This study aims to compare the QoL in patients with ADS and ODS, highlighting
specific life aspects more adversely affected by each disorder. Understanding these differences will inform tailored interventions, improve
public health strategies, and enhance support services, contributing to better management and rehabilitation of individuals with SUDs.
Materials and Methods: This cross - sectional study, conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and
Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, included 100 participants: 50 diagnosed with ADS and 50 with ODS, as per ICD - 10 criteria. All participants
met the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using a sociodemographic
proforma, and the WHOQOL - BREF scale was used to evaluate their QoL. Results: The majority of patients were men (96%), with mean
ages of 34.7 years (ADS) and 32.0 years (ODS). Statistically significant differences in QoL scores were observed between ADS and ODS
patients across WHOQOL - BREF domains: physical (ADS: 63.7, ODS: 48.6), psychological (ADS: 63.7, ODS: 37.1), social relationships
(ADS: 69.3, ODS: 38.6), and environment (ADS: 74.9, ODS: 51.3), with p - values < 0.0001. Gender and family type influenced QoL in
ADS patients, while no sociodemographic parameters influenced ODS patients. Conclusion: Substance use disorders have a negative
impact on QoL, with opioid use disorder having a more severe effect. Comprehensive, tailored treatment is essential for addressing the
unique challenges of each group.

To assess whether Spaniards do a prudent use of antibiotics. Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted. A total of 1526 patients were surveyed. Sample size was determined for a sampling error of less than 3% for p ¼ q ¼ 0.50, and for a 95% confidence level. Respondents were selected at random from all the patients attended at a selection of health centres or hospitals of the public health sector in Spain. Results: In spite of an adequate information about the prudent use of antimicrobials, the self-medication continues (OR ¼ 0.8; IC ¼ 0.5-1.4). Self-medication is more frequent among those who do not know that the use of antibiotics can generate resistance (OR 1.8 95% IC 1.3-2.5) and keep left-over doses (OR 3.1, 95%; IC 2.3-4.2). Conclusions: To transmit information, it is not enough to change self-medication. Psychosexual factors and prostate-related problems in men Aavik Toivo Background: Prostate related problems may increase the level of sexual dysfunction in men. This study was designed to examine the associations between self-reported sexual behaviour, desire and sexual functioning and prostate-related problems. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 109 men. 56 were first-time outpatients at the Andrology Unit. Diagnosis included mainly BPH with symptoms lasting for at least 3 months prior to the visit. 53 were controls. Measures: International Index of Erectile Function, Giessen Prostatitis Symptom Score, Sexual Desire Inventory. Findings: Sexual functioning was negatively (r ¼ À0.54) correlated with PRS, and age (r ¼ À0.37) and positively correlated with desire (r ¼ 0.60), sexual activity (r ¼ 0.68) and satisfaction with orgasm (r ¼ 0.61). Discussion: Higher degree of prostate related symptoms was negatively correlated with satisfaction with orgasm and that the patient and control group significantly differed in their orgasm rating. The results support the idea that it is important to assess sexual health in men with prostate problems.

The World Health Organization quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF)
instrument has been used to assess several diseases, including chronic pain
sufferers' quality of life. In Indonesia it can be utilized for evaluating the
quality of life among tuberculosis (TBC) patients. This study aimed to assess
the psychometric attributes of quality of life questionnaires among 123
respondents with TBC (56.9% males, 43.1% females) in Yogyakarta. This
study employed the Rasch analysis technique for psychometric analysis. The
findings indicate that six questions are biased in favour of the respondent's
qualities. Four items do not statistically match an MNSQ (Mean-square or
Standardized fit statistics) output value of >1.5 but are still acceptable
(Pt. Meas Corr 0.3-0.8). Between the elements Q14-Q12 and Q12-Q21, there
is a gap The responders' ability level is higher than the average problem
difficulty level. The WHOQOL-BREF instrument revealed unidimensionality, and the evaluation scale worked properly when it was used with TBC patients with Cronbach's α value of 0.89. The WHOQOL-BREF scale continues to be appropriate for evaluating the patient quality of life since it has solid psychometric qualities.

Introduction: Society plays an important role in determining quality of life of human beings particularly in case of loneliness, physical inability and loss of income. In this background there is a great role of social interaction in improving quality of life of geriatric population.

Methodology: This community-based interventional longitudinal study was done among the study population using Quality of Life Questionnaire developed by World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) by conducting interviews by house to house visit. The selected study subjects according to gender and place of residence were told to conduct regular social interaction session as per their convenient time and place. After 8 weeks of social interaction sessions again the participants were asked about their quality of life by conducting interviews using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.

Results: It was found that mean transformed scores of quality of life improved significantly in all domains after social interaction as compared to score at the beginning of the study. Further, the difference of score (before and after social interaction) was significantly higher among those who attended social interaction session for more number of days.

Conclusion: Social interaction has a significant role in improving the quality of life of elderly people.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) is a frequently used instrument to assess the quality of life in both healthy and ill populations. Inquiries of the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-Bref report that the validity and reliability is generally satisfactory. However, some studies fail to support a four-factor dimensionality; others report poor reliability of the social and environmental domain; and there may be some challenges of supporting construct validity across age. This paper evaluates the psychometric properties of the Norwegian WHOQOL-Bref and extends previous research by testing for measurement invariance across age, gender and education level. In addition, we provide updated normative data for the Norwegian population.MethodsWe selected a random sample of the Norwegian population (n = 654) aged 18–75 years. Participants filled out the WHOQOL-Bref, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and various sociodemographic variables....

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can significantly affect a person's quality of life, but the extent varies depending on several factors. The study aimed to analyze the quality of life and related factors among pulmonary TB patients aged 18 years or older, newly diagnosed, and undergoing treatment at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. This is a cross-sectional study of 100 pulmonary TB patients selected using consecutive sampling. Primary data were collected through in person interviews using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The chi-square and logistic regression tests were used for data analyses. The multivariate regression test showed a significant association between intensive treatment phase and physical domain deterioration, a significant association between reduced family income and psychological domain deterioration, a significant association between males and having comorbidity with social relationship domain deterioration, in which comorbidity was the most affecting factor and a significant association between low education level and reduced family income with environmental domain deterioration, in which low education level was the most affecting factor. In conclusion, patients in the intensive phase of treatment, with reduced family income, sex of male, having comorbidity, and being less educated should be a priority for families, health workers, and the government in addressing the quality-of-life deterioration among pulmonary TB patients.

Background:  Blindness probably is the most feared infirmity of mankind. The blind individuals were considered useless for the centuries till recent development in culture and civilization. Present study was conducted with the aim to study important psychosocial aspects of blinds undergoing formal vocational training in institutes. Objective: to identify candidates’ psychosocial profile using Self Reporting Questionnaire (S.R.Q.). Materials and Methods: it was a cross sectional study conducted in two vocational training institutes for blinds (one for males and other for females) in Mumbai. The individuals were subjected to pre tested S.R.Q. and the individuals found positive with this tool and double the number of matched S.R.Q. negative controls from the institute were subjected to psychiatric examination done by qualified psychiatrist. Analysis: analysis was done using fisher’s exact test and chi square test results:  15 (7.18%) blinds were found S.R.Q. positive indicating they either have or prone to have psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion: Psychological rehabilitation of the blinds should be considered before planning the vocational training of blinds.

The study assessed the quality-of-life (QOL) and its relationship with sociodemographic factors and geriatric syndromes among older adults residing in Botswana's Central Mahalapye subdistrict. This was a cross-sectional study. To assess geriatric syndromes, the survey used the brief-assessment-tool-for-comprehensive-geriatric-assessment (BAT for CGA), as well as the World Health Organisation Quality-of-Life-Questionnaire-Short-Version (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess the QOL domains. We used a multivariate linear regression model to find out how external factors, like geriatric syndromes and sociodemographic factors, affect the QOL score across different domains. The study encompassed a grand total of 414 older adult individuals. Except for the physical domain of the WHOQOL-BREF, senior participants in this study reported a high QOL, as most average scores across multiple domains of the WHOQOL-BREF exceeded 50%. Frailty impacted negatively in self-perception of QOL, self-perception of health, and WHOQOL-BREF social and environmental domains (β=-.124, t=-2.543, p=.011, β=-.258, t=-4.991, p=<.001, β=-.190, t=-4.198, p=<.001, β=-.170, t=-3136, p=.002, and β=-.147, t=-3.129, p=.002, respectively). While osteoporosis impacted negatively on self-perception of QOL, self-perception of health, WHOQOL-BREF psychological, social, and environmental domains (β=-.104, t=-2.426, p=.016, β=-.117, t=-2.378, p=.008, β=-.211, t=-4.916, p=<.001, β=-.137, t=-2.934, p=.004, and β=-.287, t=-6.437, p=<.001, respectively). High education level had a positive impact on self-perception of QOL (β=.165, t=3.566, p<.001), and living with a partner impacted positively on self-perception of QOL (β=.216, t=5.196, p<.001) and self-perception of health (β=.167, t=3.488, p<.001). We suggest that more research be done to make sure that the BAT for CGA tool works correctly in rural Africa.

Background Allergic rhinitis represents a public health problem that is significantly prevalent in the global population and has been associated with asthma, a strong desire to sleep and a low quality of life. Objective This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, symptoms, control strategies and treatment, as well as the control of this condition and its impact on the quality of life of customers of community pharmacies with allergic rhinitis. Setting A questionnaire survey was carried out in nine community pharmacies in the city of Guarda, Portugal. Method In this cross-sectional study, data was collected by an interview between May 2014 and December 2014. The control of the illness and the impact of allergic rhinitis on the quality of life were assessed through a CARAT10 test and a WHOQOL-BREF instrument, respectively. Main outcome measure The impact of allergic rhinitis on the patient's quality of life. Results The estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis was between 10.8% and 15.4%, from which 63 and 42 individuals were medically and symptomatically diagnosed, respectively, from a study population of 804 respondents. The majority of participants (57.1%) suffered from the symptoms more than twice a year. The symptoms, such as difficulty in falling asleep, repeated and continuous sneezing and bilateral nasal obstruction, were severe. There were patients with uncontrolled allergic rhinitis symptoms after the CARAT10 test, even when the individual's perception of the quality of life was good according to the WHOQOL-BREF score, with gender differences in the psychological domain. It should also be emphasized that there was a significant association between higher education levels with better control of the illness/quality of life. Additionally, most participants used pharmacological treatment (not alternative therapies) and the adoption of self-management measures to relieve their symptoms. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that the estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis seems to be apparently lower in Guarda than that found in the general Portuguese population. From the data, some patients showed uncontrolled allergic rhinitis symptoms, strengthening the importance of the role of intervention by a health professional.

Introduction:All these years with the invention of newer modalities of treatment and investigations, cancer patients’ survival is improved but notthe life after it. Recently focus has shifted from curative aspect to preventive aspect and promoting healthy life. To achieve this an attempt is made to identify the factors affecting the quality of life of gynaecologic cancer survivors.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study involving 131 gynaecological cancerpatients who were evaluated using HADS and WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. The scores were analysed for any significant association using one-way ANOVA.

Results: Depression had negative correlation with psychological domain with p value 0.009 which is highly significant. There is a significant difference in physical domain scores between cases and borderline subjects of anxiety with p value 0.006.Women with psychiatric morbidity had physical and psychological domain affected significantly with p value 0.003 and 0.048 respectively.

Conclusions: Now, it is the time to focus on improving the quality of life of these cancer survived patients by early recognition and treatment of psychiatric illness and training them in positive coping abilities. Psychosocial care, with its goals of relieving emotional distress and promoting well-being, is central to efforts to improve the quality of patients’ lives.

Introduction: Quality of life (QOL) is an important area of concern among elderly which reflects the health status and well-being of this vulnerable group of population. The present study was con- ducted with an objective of assessment of QOL and its associated factors among rural and urban elderly population.

Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 elderly subjects residing in rural and urban areas of Jammu. Brief version of the WHO QOL scale (WHOQOL- BREF) was used to assess the Quality of Life. Analysis of results was done using Independent sample t- test and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results: A sample of 200 rural and 190 urban elderly subjects was analysed. Overall mean score for different domains of QOL was 59.19± 11.87 with a significantly higher score for urban subjects, indicating a better QOL as compared to their rural counterparts (p<0.05). Presence of one or other forms of chronic morbidity was a significant determinant of QOL.

Conclusions: Morbidity status and residence emerged to be significant predictors of QOL. Policy makers should evaluate the implementation of successful programmes fo

Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia often report a low quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether we could replicate a cross-sectional model by Alessandrini et al. (2016, n = 271) and whether this model predicts QoL later in life. This model showed strong associations between schizophrenia spectrum symptoms and depressive symptoms on QoL, but lacked follow-up assessment. This model was adapted in the current study and the robustness was investigated by using a longitudinal design in which the association between baseline variables (including IQ, depression, schizophrenia spectrum symptoms as well as social functioning) and QoL during 3-years of follow-up was investigated. We included patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder (n = 744) from a prospective naturalistic cohort-study. In the cross-sectional model, with good measure of fit, both depression as well as social functioning was associated with QoL (direct path coefficient −0.28 and 0.41, respectively). Additionally, the severity of schizophrenia spectrum symptoms was highly associated with social functioning (direct path coefficient −0.70). Importantly, the longitudinal model showed good measures of fit, which strengthens the validity of the initial model and highlights that depression prospectively affect QoL while schizophrenia spectrum symptoms prospectively influence QoL via social functioning. The negative, longitudinal impact of a depression on QoL highlights the need to focus on treatment of this co-morbidity.

The objectives of this study were to develop a Bangla version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), and assess its reliability and validity on an adolescent population in Bangladesh. In total, 187 boys (mean age 14.6 years ± SD 2.1) and 137 girls (15.2 ± SD 2.0) from residential areas, and 157 boys (13.8 ± SD 2.1) and 121 girls (13.4 ± SD 2.1) from slums in Dhaka were interviewed using a questionnaire, which included a Bangla translation of the WHOQOL-BREF. Thirty-eight randomly selected adolescents from the original interviewed group were re-administered the same questionnaire 1 week later. On the whole, the Bangla version of WHOQOL-BREF showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. In comparisons between residential and slum areas, discriminant validities were observed in the total and environmental domain of both genders and in the social relationship domain of males. Furthermore, discriminant validities of physical and psychological domains were observed in gender comparisons. These results suggest that the Bangla version of WHOQOL-BREF is valid and reliable in assessing the quality of life of adolescents in Bangladesh.

foram construídos com o objetivo de avaliar a gravidade de crenças e pensamentos mal adaptativos associados à mania. As cognições disfuncionais são consideradas como fundamentais na fenomenologia e patogénese de perturbações do humor, tendo a sua identificação precoce um papel crucial na prevenção do agravamento de sintomas clínicos. O CCL-M-R engloba 29 itens organizados em 4 subescalas: "eu próprio", "relações interpessoais", "prazer/excitação" e "atividade". A sua aplicação é rápida e a cotação simples. Neste estudo apresentam-se as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do CCL-M-R. A amostra é constituída por 85 doentes com perturbação bipolar (39 eutímicos, 23 deprimidos e 23 hipomaníacos) e 47 adultos saudáveis. Após a tradução do CCL-M-R por duas pessoas bilingues e a sua aplicação juntamente com escalas de avaliação de sintomatologia clínica, procedeu-se ao estudo da consistência interna e da validade concorrente. Realizou-se também uma análise em componentes principais deste inventário. O alfa de Cronbach para escala total foi de 0,94.

Background: The World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref) is a frequently used instrument to assess the quality of life in both healthy and ill populations. Inquiries of the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-Bref report that the validity and reliability is generally satisfactory. However, some studies fail to support a four-factor dimensionality; others report poor reliability of the social and environmental domain; and there may be some challenges of supporting construct validity across age. This paper evaluates the psychometric properties of the Norwegian WHOQOL-Bref and extends previous research by testing for measurement invariance across age, gender and education level. In addition, we provide updated normative data for the Norwegian population. Methods: We selected a random sample of the Norwegian population (n = 654) aged 18-75 years. Participants filled out the WHOQOL-Bref, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and various sociodemographic variables. Results: We found an acceptable convergent and discriminate validity and internal consistency of the physical, psychological and environmental domains, but a marginal reliability was found for the social domain. The factor loadings were invariant across gender, education and age. Some items had low factor loadings and explained variance, and the model fit for the age group 60-75 years were less satisfactory. Conclusions: The original four-factor dimensionality of the WHOQOL-Bref displayed a better fit to the data compared to the one-factor solution and is recommended for use in the Norwegian population. The WHOQOL-Bref is suitable to use across gender, education and age, but for assessment in the oldest age group, the WHOQOL-Old module could be a good supplementary, but further studies are needed.

"Introduction: Population aging globally impacts individuals, families, communities, and societies. Longer life spans result in an increasing elderly population, leading to the 21st century being known as the century of the elderly. Disability, stemming from health conditions and surroundings, presents challenges necessitating interventions against environmental and social barriers. This study aims to examine the correlation between disability and quality of life (QOL) among elderly individuals living in Kolkata slums.
Methodology: The observational study focused on the 100 geriatric populations in Dhapa slums using systematic random sampling. Data was collected using the Lawton Brody IADL Scale, and QOL assessment using WHOQOL-BREF.
Results: Majority of the participants were male (64%) and from the general caste (63%). Disability prevalence was 28%. Better QOL scores were observed in males, younger age groups, married individuals and nondiabetics. The physical health domain had the highest QOL score. Literate individuals and those without hypertension or diabetes had higher QOL.
Conclusion: India's aging population poses challenges for society and the economy. The study identified factors impacting disability and QOL in the elderly. Improving psychological care, awareness of government schemes, education, and targeted policies can enhance elderly quality of life."

Quality of life (QOL) is a complex concept encompassing various aspects of an individual, group, or society's wellbeing. Students, who are considered an integral pillar of society, often struggle balancing their academic and social lives, leading to stress and anxiety. This paper aims to improve university students' QOL by understanding and exploring its assessment methods. The research uses literature to discuss QOL's definition, its indicators, evolution, and its relation to the built environment and university students. Using SCOPUS-indexed databases, a systematic approach is applied to select relevant studies to research's scope. A comparative analysis is used to review 17 studies, providing suitable criteria for assessing university students' QOL. It was found that during assessing university students' QOL, the psychological and social domains are essential, followed by physical Health and environmental domains. Research recommends adopting WHOQOL-BREF for assessing students' QOL as it is more sensitive to the social and psychological yet including physical health and environmental domains.

El vaginismo es una disfunción sexual que impide la penetración y que afecta a cerca de un 5% de las mujeres y que les genera malestar tanto a ellas como a sus parejas. Objetivo: Conocer la calidad de vida de mujeres con vaginismo primario y comparar con un grupo control. Método: Aplicación presencial del WHOQOL-BREF a 50 mujeres con vaginismo primario y a 47 mujeres sin patología, sociodemográficamente similares. Resultados: El nivel de calidad de vida en las mujeres con vaginismo fue menor a aquella del grupo de comparación respecto a la calidad general de la vida y la salud, y en tres de los cuatro dominios del WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusión: El vaginismo es una condición que afecta la calidad de vida de las mujeres con ese diagnóstico.

Introducción:en Colombia existen pocos es- tudios que den cuenta de la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en usuarios de los programas de actividad física (AF). Objetivo: determinar la percepción de CVRS de los usuarios de un programa de AF en un municipio colombiano. Metodología:estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron 1076 suje- tos, con promedio edad 56,6 años DE 12,8; el 88,3% mujeres. Se evaluaron variables socio- demográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, niveles de AF y la percepción de la CVRS. Se realizó el análisis univariado, bivariado (U de Mann-whitney y Kruskal Wallis) y multivariado exploratorio (regresión lineal). Significancia estadística p&lt;0,05. Resultados: los puntajes de CVRS variaron entre 65 y 70,2 con valores más bajos en la dimensión &quot;ambiental&quot; y más alta dimensión &quot;física&quot; (ser hombre, mayor edad, educación baja, viudo, desempleado, fumar, ser hipertenso y tener diabetes mellitus); dimensión ps...

The population of the study was constituted of 260 newly registered students of social sciences faculties: 102 Luxembourgers, 89 from Belgians, 69 Romanians. They completed an online questionnaire. • Quality of Life was assessed through Whoqol‐Bref concerning psychological domains (P.D.), and social relations (RS.D.), environment (E.D.). • Employability Skills (ES) using a 6‐item scale, covering communication, interpersonal relations, and capacity of innovation. Results

RESUMO-O traumatismo vertebro-medular é uma das lesões mais devastadoras do ponto de vista físico e psicológico, com significativas manifestações clínicas incapacitantes e permanentes. Objectivos: Perceber qual a importância das variáveis sociodemográficas no ajustamento psicológico e na saúde mental dos sujeitos afectados. Método: Foi recolhida uma amostra de conveniência em território nacional português que incluiu 168 lesionados vertebro-medular. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, ao Brief COPE para avaliar as estratégias de coping utilizadas e ao HADS para rastreio da sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva. Resultados: Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que existem diferenças significativas quando considerados os diferentes níveis de escolaridade (F=2,79; p=0,03) e o tipo de ocupação (F=3,31; p=0,01).Foi possível verificar que à medida que aumentam as habilitações literárias diminui o recurso às estratégias disfuncionais, sendo ao nível da ocupação profissional os reformados e os desempregados, aqueles que mais recorrem a estas estratégias. Por outro lado também a gravidade da sintomatologia ansiosa está dependente do sexo ( 2 =4,14; p=0,04) e do nível de escolaridade ( 2 =18,60; p=0,001), sendo os homens e os sujeitos com menores recursos académicos aqueles que apresentam sintomas de maior gravidade. Conclusão: Conhecer a realidade dos sujeitos vítimas de LVM traumática e as suas necessidades específicas, permite aos técnicos de saúde e a sociedade em geral, obter conhecimentos precisos sobre a melhor forma de apoiar e minimizar as carências desta população, no sentido de serem mobilizados os recursos humanos e os meios materiais necessários a estas pessoas com necessidades particulares. Palavras-chave-Lesão vertebro-medular, variáveis sociodemográficas, coping, sintomatologia ansiosa e depressiva ________________________________________________________________________

Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia often report a low quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether we could replicate a cross-sectional model by Alessandrini et al. (2016, n = 271) and whether this model predicts QoL later in life. This model showed strong associations between schizophrenia spectrum symptoms and depressive symptoms on QoL, but lacked follow-up assessment. This model was adapted in the current study and the robustness was investigated by using a longitudinal design in which the association between baseline variables (including IQ, depression, schizophrenia spectrum symptoms as well as social functioning) and QoL during 3-years of follow-up was investigated. We included patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder (n = 744) from a prospective naturalistic cohort-study. In the cross-sectional model, with good measure of fit, both depression as well as social functioning was associated with QoL (direct path coefficient −0.28 and 0.41, respectively). Additionally, the severity of schizophrenia spectrum symptoms was highly associated with social functioning (direct path coefficient −0.70). Importantly, the longitudinal model showed good measures of fit, which strengthens the validity of the initial model and highlights that depression prospectively affect QoL while schizophrenia spectrum symptoms prospectively influence QoL via social functioning. The negative, longitudinal impact of a depression on QoL highlights the need to focus on treatment of this co-morbidity.

Introducción:en Colombia existen pocos es- tudios que den cuenta de la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en usuarios de los programas de actividad física (AF). Objetivo: determinar la percepción de CVRS de los usuarios de un programa de AF en un municipio colombiano. Metodología:estudio transversal descriptivo. Participaron 1076 suje- tos, con promedio edad 56,6 años DE 12,8; el 88,3% mujeres. Se evaluaron variables socio- demográficas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, niveles de AF y la percepción de la CVRS. Se realizó el análisis univariado, bivariado (U de Mann-whitney y Kruskal Wallis) y multivariado exploratorio (regresión lineal). Significancia estadística p&lt;0,05. Resultados: los puntajes de CVRS variaron entre 65 y 70,2 con valores más bajos en la dimensión &quot;ambiental&quot; y más alta dimensión &quot;física&quot; (ser hombre, mayor edad, educación baja, viudo, desempleado, fumar, ser hipertenso y tener diabetes mellitus); dimensión ps...

ANA DINIZ Rua Conselheiro Luís Magalhães, 32 388‐137 AVEIRO Portugal anadiniz@ua.pt* Contacto para correspondência Formação: ‐ Mestre em Psicologia; especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro (2014) ‐ Licenciada em Psicologia, Universidade de Aveiro (2012) Afiliação institucional Psicóloga Clínica e da Saúde na Comunidade Terapêutica de Santa Luzia Centro Social Convívios Fraternos

Background Allergic rhinitis represents a public health problem that is significantly prevalent in the global population and has been associated with asthma, a strong desire to sleep and a low quality of life. Objective This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, symptoms, control strategies and treatment, as well as the control of this condition and its impact on the quality of life of customers of community pharmacies with allergic rhinitis. Setting A questionnaire survey was carried out in nine community pharmacies in the city of Guarda, Portugal. Method In this cross-sectional study, data was collected by an interview between May 2014 and December 2014. The control of the illness and the impact of allergic rhinitis on the quality of life were assessed through a CARAT10 test and a WHOQOL-BREF instrument, respectively. Main outcome measure The impact of allergic rhinitis on the patient's quality of life. Results The estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis was between 10.8% and 15.4%, from which 63 and 42 individuals were medically and symptomatically diagnosed, respectively, from a study population of 804 respondents. The majority of participants (57.1%) suffered from the symptoms more than twice a year. The symptoms, such as difficulty in falling asleep, repeated and continuous sneezing and bilateral nasal obstruction, were severe. There were patients with uncontrolled allergic rhinitis symptoms after the CARAT10 test, even when the individual's perception of the quality of life was good according to the WHOQOL-BREF score, with gender differences in the psychological domain. It should also be emphasized that there was a significant association between higher education levels with better control of the illness/quality of life. Additionally, most participants used pharmacological treatment (not alternative therapies) and the adoption of self-management measures to relieve their symptoms. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that the estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis seems to be apparently lower in Guarda than that found in the general Portuguese population. From the data, some patients showed uncontrolled allergic rhinitis symptoms, strengthening the importance of the role of intervention by a health professional.

International research has repeatedly linked sole motherhood to diminished levels of psychological and physical health. The purpose of the present study was to add to the limited amount of research on the health-related quality of life determinants in sole mothers, particularly in New Zealand. A sample of 263 New Zealand sole mothers recruited through a number of parent or women's networking groups completed a questionnaire on health-related quality of life, perceived stress and social support. Social support was positively associated with health-related quality of life irrespective of level of perceived stress, thus finding no evidence for a stress-buffering effect. The strongest protective factors against lowered health-related quality of life were social support and adult family members living at the same home, highlighting possible strategies to overcome inequalities in health-related quality of life.

Background: The WHOQOL-SRPB has been a useful module to measure aspects of QOL related to spirituality, religiousness, and personal beliefs, but recent research has pointed to potential problems with its proposed factor structure. Three of the eight facets of the WHOQOL-SRPB have been identified as potentially different from the others, and to date only a limited number of factor analyses of the instrument have been published. Methods: Analyses were conducted using data from a sample of 679 university students who had completed the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life questionnaire, the WHOQOL-SRPB module, the Perceived Stress scale, and the Brief COPE coping strategies questionnaire. Informed by these analyses, confirmatory factor analyses suitable for ordinal-level data explored the potential for a two-factor solution as opposed to the originally proposed one-factor solution. Results: The facets WHOQOL-SRPB facets connected, strength, and faith were highly correlated with each other as well as with the religious coping sub-scale of the Brief COPE. Combining these three facets to one factor in a two-factor solution for the WHOQOL-SRPB yielded superior goodness-of-fit indices compared to the original one-factor solution. Conclusions: A two-factor solution for the WHOQOL-SRPB is more tenable, in which three of the eight WHOQOL-SRPB facets group together as a spiritual coping factor and the remaining facets form a factor of spiritual quality of life. While discarding the facets connectedness, strength, and faith without additional research would be premature, users of the scale need to be aware of this alternative two-factor structure, and may wish to analyze scores using this structure.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of pain on quality of life and its components in a representative sample of 320 well people, and patients selected from all major categories of illness. Quality of life was assessed using a new, multidimensional, multilingual, generic profile designed for cross-cultural use in health care, i.e. the WHOQOL. Within the WHOQOL, pain and discomfort is one of 29 areas or facets of quality of life, grouped into six domains. It was found that pain and discomfort made a significant impact on perceptions of general quality of life related to health. Furthermore, the presence of pain affected perceptions of five of the six domains of quality of life; the domain of spirituality, religion and personal beliefs being the exception. When quality of life is assessed, negative feelings are most closely associated with reports of pain and discomfort than any other facet. But quality of life surrounding pain and discomfort is more fully explained by the inclusion of six additional facets; the availability of social care, mobility, activities of daily living, positive mood and to a lesser extent, sleep and dependence on medication. Together, these seven facets represent criteria against which the success of pain treatments may be evaluated. As predicted, those who were pain-free had significantly better quality of life than those in pain. A longer duration of pain is associated with increasingly poorer quality of life. Intense affective pain is particularly detrimental to a good quality of life. The psychometric properties of the pain and discomfort facet of the WHOQOL and WHOQOL-100 were assessed. Internal consistency (reliability), discriminant and criterion/concurrent validity were found to be good to excellent, justifying the use of this instrument with a range of chronic and acute pain patients.

Peer-support is a substitutional support by trained peers led by nurses to relief stress among the elderly after being relocated to nursing homes. This study aimed to evaluate the results of the development of peer-group support in nursing homes and assess the stress levels of elderly people who were relocated to institutions. This study used a quasi-experimental design and involved a total of 30 relocated elders, randomly selected from UPTD (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah) Griya Werdha Surabaya and UPT PSLU (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Panti Sosial Lanjut Usia) Pasuruan under the inclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated to both control and treatment groups in equal numbers. Pre-designed and trained peer groups developed and acted as independent variables, and wellness was evaluated as the dependent variable in this study. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by using an independent t-test (selected level of α &lt;0,05). The results showed that pre-designed peer-gro...

RESUMO objectiVo: são apresentados os resultados preliminares de uma investigação em curso sobre a sexualidade na sequência de uma lesão medular adquirida. mÉtoDo: Análise quantitativa (spss®) de um questionário efectuado numa população de 35 indivíduos com lesão medular adquirida, 9 do sexo feminino e 26 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 54 anos, recolhidos através do método snowball. resultADos: estes resultados são consistentes com o que está publicado na literatura. A particularidade a referir prende-se com a dimensão "luto sexual pós-lesão". As restantes, "actividade e grau de importância", "orgasmo" e necessidade de mapeamento de "zonas erógenas", encontram-se dentro do esperado. Discussão: A recuperação de uma vida sexual gratificante é reconhecida como um importante factor na reabilitação após uma lesão medular traumática. com base nesta população iremos elaborar um plano de intervenção centrado nas suas narrativas. PALAVRAS-ChAVE Actividade sexual; sexualidade; lesão vértebro-medular ABSTRACT objectiVe: this paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research on sexual rehabilitation following an acquired spinal cord injury. metHoD: quantitative analysis (spss®) of a questionnaire applied to 35 individuals with acquired spinal cord injury, 9 females and 26 males, aged between 20 and 54 years, collected through the snowball method. results: the results are consistent with the literature consulted. A special feature to mention is the "post-injury sexual mourning". the others, such "activity and level of importance", "orgasm" and mapping "erogenous zones", are within the expected. Discussion: the restoration of a satisfying sex life is recognized as an important factor in rehabilitation after a traumatic spinal cord injury. based on this population, further studies involving a design individual intervention will focus on narratives of the subjects.

, por ter me proporcionado a oportunidade de ser aluna. À minha orientadora Profª Drª Iara Moreno Linhares, pelas orientações, paciência, oportunidade desde o inicio e confiança em todos os momentos. À Profª Dulce Aparecida Barbosa, pela amizade, orientações e apoio.

Whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) improve the quality of life (QoL) of different populations. Metabolic syndrome patients (MetS) may be favored by physical activity. Questionnaires are used to assess the QoL. The aim was to evaluate the QoL of patients with MetS that have undergone WBVE with a brief WHOQOL (WHOQOL-BREF). MetS patients were randomly divided into three groups: (i) control group (CG), (ii) treated with WBVE once per week (WBVE1) and (iii) treated with WBVE twice per week (WBVE2). In the first session, the patient was sat in a chair in front of the platform with the feet on its base in 3 peak to peak displacements (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mm) and frequency of 5 Hz was used. From the second to the last session, patients were subjected to the same protocol, however they were standing on the base of the platform and the frequency was increased up to 14 Hz. The patients fulfilled the WHOQOL-BREF before the first and after the last sessions. Cronbach coefficients were determine...

This study aims to see the community development process in the relocation of mount Sinabung eruption in Karo, Indonesia. Stage two of the Mount Sinabung Post-Eruption Rehabilitation andReconstruction policy in Karo Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia as a self-relocation process is evaluated. After the Mount Sinabung eruption, the residents of the area prepared the land on their own to build homes. Prior to the building of the house, TPRM (Tim Pendamping Relokasi Mandiri) provided mentorship services. Self-relocation policy imposed a number of difficulties on disaster-affected populations, including environmental, social, economic, vocational, and cultural changes. Mount Sinabung's empowerment paradigm in Karo Regency, Indonesia, was the focus of this descriptive-qualitative study. Self-relocation was employed by the groups. Observations, interviews, and documentation were used to gather information. In the wake of a natural disaster, communities were found to have implemented a number of important strategies and ideas. There were three guiding principles: (1) a high level of community optimism about post-disaster recovery; (2) a tendency for communities to live in groups; and (3) a community's ability to strengthen each other and increase its own potential. Physical and non-physical security was provided to the communities by the government. Community empowerment's ultimate goal is to develop an autonomous society and increase life quality over time, which is why the postdisaster effort adheres to this ultimate purpose.

The improvement in health and education sector within the national development context has an impact on the increase of life expectancy the elderly people. The Law Number 13, 1998 about elderly welfare stated that Indonesian citizen who are categorizedas the elderly are those who aged over 60 years. 1 From the social-health demography perspective, increasing the elderly's life expectancy has become a ABSTRACT Backgroud/Purpose: The data showed that 62.5% of the elderly's quality of life in the community is at the medium level, which have a tendency to downgrade to a lower level over the aging process in the future if there is no immediate intervention. As expected, analyzes of the individual determinants of the elderly can produce insights that will reinforce the improvement of their quality of life. Methods: An analytical study of correlation, using crosssectional approach. The population were the elderly in Surabaya, Indonesia who joined the gemeinschaft (n=120). The sample was taken using consecutive sampling technique among those who the aged ≥60 years. Results: The data indicated that the elderly's dissatisfaction regarding their quality of life mainly comes from psychological domain (26.7%), environmental domain (15.0%), physical domain (14.7%), and social relationships domain (10,8%). There are correlations found between age (p=0.006), education level (p=0.035), health condition (p=0.001), and financial condition (p=0.005) with the elderly's quality of life. However, the determinants of gender, ethnicity, workload, marital status, and living conditions are found to have no influence upon their quality of life. Conclusion: The specific characteristics of the elderly that need to be targeted are those who aged ≥71 years with education level of or below senior high school, have physical health problems, elderly whose retirement income is not sufficient for their daily living expenses, and who are still forced to work.

Aim: The aim of our study is to examine the life quality of medical students and to evaluate the factors associated with quality of life. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study was planned; a total of 309 people were surveyed. The first part of questionnaire consists of 29 questions, which includes sociodemographic information; and the second part consists of WHO Quality of Life-BREF Turkish version. Results: The average age was 22.47±2.31 years, 34,3% (n=106) participants were women. Differences between the genders in the physical health score, and between the classes in the physical health and psychological score were statistically significant. The psychological score of the students living with their family was found statistically lower. Quality of Life scores were significantly higher in students who have suitable space for studying at the place they live and students participating in social activities. Conclusion: We determined that the place of residance, having suitabl...

Objective: This study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) in patients with type 2 diabetes using two WHOQoL-BREF and SF-36 questionnaires in Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1847 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from rural health-care centers affiliated to Neyshabur County (Iran) in 2012. In addition to demographic information, two questionnaires WHOQoL-BREF and SF-36 questionnaires were used for data collection. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for scale reliability. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis for the investigation of construct validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient. To determine the relationships between the eight domains of SF-36 and four domains of the WHOQoL-BREF, structural equation modelling was performed. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were acceptable for all domains of both WHOQoL-BREF (0.69-0.86) and SF-36 (0.63 −0.92) questionnaires. The principal component analysis showed two separate factors: one for all domains of SF-36 and another for all domains of WHOQoL-BREF. Spearman correlation coefficients of both instruments were partly to strongly correlated with most domains (r ≥0.40). Correlations for domains with similar constructs were stronger than those measuring varied constructs. Structural equation modelling recommended approximately moderate relationships among the SF-36 and WHOQoL-BREF domains. Conclusion: Our study suggests that SF-36 and WHOQoL-BREF are reliable instruments for clinical and research uses, respectably. However, results of the goodness of fit showed that the WHOQoL-BREF was fitted well. Also, the WHOQoL-BREF can be considered more suitable for the study population.