Video Ethnography

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Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are considered a leading risk factor for patients and healthcare workers in healthcare environments (Haile, Engeda & Abdo, 2017:1). Both nurses and patients are exposed to infections that use various transmission modes, including droplets, contact and airborne transmission (Haile et al., 2017:1). Standard Precautions for infection prevention and control (IPC) must form part of nursing activities to break the chain of infections and to manage and reduce HAIs. The increase in the number of HAIs occurring among patients means that nurses should comply with Standard Precautions to protect themselves and the patients. However, research shows that there are a number of factors that influence nurses when they have to implement Standard Precautions while engaged in nursing practice The aim of this study was to explore and describe the contextual factors that influence nurses' decisions and actions with respect to applying Standard Precautions as part of their nursing practice. This was done in a Namibian private healthcare setting with the goal of informing IPC training and strategies in an effort to facilitate nurses' consistent and correct application of Standard Precautions at the study site. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive study design. Participants contributed data during three focus group discussions where discussion was stimulated with semi-structured open-ended questions as triggers. The study sample was drawn from the population of nurses (registered nurse/midwife and enrolled nurses) working at the study site in November 2017. A thematic analysis guided by Boyatzi's approach was used to analyse the narrative data. Findings: Four broad themes emerged from the data. These themes and their accompanying sub-themes referred to the healthcare giver's knowledge of Standard Precautions, stumbling blocks, factors that help and Reinforcing Behaviour Change.

We present a description of our approach for the "Bird task Identification LifeCLEF 2014". Our approach consists of four stages: (1) a filtering stage for the filtering of audio bird recordings; (2) segmentation stage for the extraction of syllables; (3) a candidate generation based on HOG features from the syllables using SVM; and (4) a species identification using a Sparse Representation-based Classification of HOG and LBP features. Our approach ranked seventh team-wise in the challenge and showed a poor performance in the fourth stage.

We present a description of our approach for the "Bird task Identification LifeCLEF 2014". Our approach consists of four stages: (1) a filtering stage for the filtering of audio bird recordings; (2) segmentation stage for the extraction of syllables; (3) a candidate generation based on HOG features from the syllables using SVM; and (4) a species identification using a Sparse Representation-based Classification of HOG and LBP features. Our approach ranked seventh team-wise in the challenge and showed a poor performance in the fourth stage.

Les blogs sont des instruments conversationnels autant que des dispositifs de publication 1 . Ils ne survivent pas s'ils ne sont pas commentés. Les blogs invitent à entrer en conversation avec d'autres en prenant prétexte des contenus publiés pour donner une couleur particulière aux échanges. La manière dont on « poste » sur un blog contribue en effet à dessiner la forme du réseau social de ceux qui le commentent et à donner un style conversationnel spécifique à la relation entretenue avec eux. Publication parallèle de journalistes en marge de leur écriture salariée, apport d'expertise par des spécialistes dans le débat public, contre-information locale assurée par les habitants, citoyens ordinaires commentant l'actualité, militants altermondialistes entreprenant de mobiliser autour d'un enjeu international, etc., le développement de ce qu'on nomme la « blogosphère citoyenne » a acquis une grande visibilité à la suite d'événements d'actualité (guerre en Irak, attentat de Londres, tsunami en Asie, etc.) et de l'implication des internautes lors de récentes campagnes électorales. Cet article se propose de dégager quelques propriétés générales et d'introduire une spécification succincte des multiples variations de la conversation « citoyenne » dans l'espace numérique. Une telle démarche nous semble constituer un préalable indispensable pour répondre aux interrogations qui se multiplient aujourd'hui à propos de la contestation des médias traditionnels par les médias électroniques et des effets exercés par la « blogosphère » sur les formes de la compétition politique . Les blogs offrent un dispositif de publication accessible, ouvert et plastique. Ils facilitent, au moins potentiellement, un élargissement de l'accès à l'espace public pour des populations qui en

This article examines changes in maternity care and birth spaces that have occurred recently in the perinatal landscape of Greece. With caesarean sections over 50% since 2014, trends for a less medicalised approach prompted the creation of homelike rooms and spaces for water birth in private maternity hospital wards. New problems have emerged, but new possibilities have also been created. This investigation is based on the theoretical framework of the social production of space correlated with the concepts of contradiction and hybridity. For this study, I utilised bibliographical research on birth centres in Europe and Australia to comparatively evaluate the new spaces for nonmedicalized birth in Greece. I carried out site research on the recent developments in maternity spaces and practices using qualitative social research methods. I observed that the maternity landscape of Greece is fluid, and that a great number of contradictions and paradoxes are made evident through the material environment. The biomedical model appears to remain hegemonic, partly cancelling the aim for "homeyness", while marketing strategies coexist with women's demands. Nevertheless, despite such contradictions, women's choices appear to be on the increase, creating possibilities for the establishment of empowered maternal subjectivities.

Introduction. Academic dishonesty impedes the achievement of the goals of education, depriving the
meaning of the procedure for monitoring the knowledge and skills of students. The purpose of the article
is to identify the place of cheating in the life of a student, its features and specifics.
Materials and methods. The study involved 225 1-2 year students of Peter the Great St. Petersburg
Polytechnic University who created their own videos on academic dishonesty. Research methods: semiotic
and pedagogical-phenomenological analysis, video ethnography and pedagogical interpretation.
Research results. Almost all the videos are so-called "sketches from nature", where the main character is
a cheater himself. The plot of most of the videos is a classic semiotic scheme of overcoming obstacles with
the help of a magical artifact. Analysis of the content of the videos shows that there are opportunities
for academic cheating in the school and university environment. It is a social norm. Cheating appears
as a logical consequence of an insufficient level of training, which happens out of having difficulties or
not willing to spend a lot of time on it. The condemnation of academic dishonesty, which is present in
most videos, does not reflect the ethical side of the issue. It instead demonstrates the consequences of
cheating as a problem in the learning process or later life due to lack of knowledge.
Conclusion. Analysis of the content of the videos shows that academic dishonesty is a common
phenomenon in the school and university environment. The authors demonstrate excellent knowledge
of the existing forms and methods of cheating, sometimes offering unusual creative forms of it. They
also demonstrate the social approval of cheating from fellow students. Moreover, students are always
ready to help in cheating and sometimes they can oppose the teacher in an organized way. Academic
dishonesty is considered utilitarian. It seems to be a routine solution to the current problem. The analysis
of the video shows that students consider incentive element as the key reason for the behaviour leading
to academic dishonesty. And there is potential for solving the problem in the cooperation of teachers
and students.

Video diaries are an innovative tool for ethnographic research,
contributing to the quality of eldwork and ethnographic data by
giving additional attention to participant voices. Grounded in two
eldwork periods in secondary and higher education, this paper
illustrates three key qualities through which video diaries
contributed to ethnographic research: (1) Building trusting
relationships with participants, (2) providing a space for
participant autonomy, and (3) being a medium of self-explication
and truth-telling. In video diaries, participants exercised free
speech, providing a widely unmediated, personal perspective on
their professional identity, roles, and relationships. This personal
perspective allowed participants to contribute to trusting on their
own terms, which mitigated face-work– especially when talking
about conflicts and challenges– and provided additional entry
points for conversations, enabling deep dialogue and
understanding. Ultimately, the use of video diaries significantly
strengthened the researcher-participant relationship and enriched
the ethnographic data and the quality of interactions.

In this thesis Teaching oboe in different ways I use the ideas by John Biggs and Catherine Tang from their book "Teaching for a Quality Learning at University". These ideas talk about how teachers teach their subjects and how the students learn them. They talk about the three levels of teaching that I use to teach oboe. For this research I gave lessons to bachelor students or students that want to get a place studying music in higher education. Thanks to these lessons, I got many results which were very useful to understand better how students learn and what my own ideas about education are. Many times students have teachers who are playing in orchestras, but it is not so frequently that these teachers study pedagogy to make this kind of research about how to teach. This is the reason why I write about this topic: to improve myself as a teacher. Lessons Sound Intonation Scales Discussion Direct teacher Demonstrative teacher Constructive teacher General reflections References

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA License. It is important to know the experience of fathers who provide support during childbirth in terms of improving the childbirth results. This study describes the experiences of fathers who participate during their wives's childbirth in Türkiye. The research design is qualitative and descriptive, based on a phenomenological approach. Research data were collected through online in-depth interviews between January and February 2021. The sample comprised 12 fathers, reached by criterion sampling. The two data collection tools were the Individual Identification Form and the Semi-Structured Interview Form. Content analysis of the research data was conducted using Maxqda. Four themes emerged to describe the father's birthing experiences: "prenatal preparation", "fathers' birthing support", "emotions experienced during the birthing", and "fathers' views of the birth". The fathers experienced many contrary emotions during the birth process. Fathers have a positive experience from participating during their partner's birthing process due to the midwife's support. Fathers who want to support their partners during birth should be informed about the importance of participating in prenatal courses.

Despite its elusiveness as a concept, 'artificial intelligence' (AI) is becoming part of everyday life, and a range of empirical and methodological approaches to social studies of AI now span many disciplines. This article reviews the scope of ethnomethodological and conversation analytic (EM/CA) approaches that treat AI as a phenomenon emerging in and through the situated organization of social interaction. Although this approach has been very influential in the field of computational technology since the 1980s, AI has only recently emerged as such a pervasive part of daily life to warrant a sustained empirical focus in EM/CA. Reviewing over 50 peer-reviewed publications, we find that the studies focus on various social and group activities such as task-oriented situations, semi-experimental setups, play, and everyday interactions. They also involve a range of participant categories including children, older participants, and people with disabilities. Most of the reviewed studies apply CA's conceptual apparatus, its approach to data analysis, and core topics such as turn-taking and repair. We find that across this corpus, studies center on three key themes: openings and closing the interaction, miscommunication, and non-verbal aspects of interaction. In the discussion, we reflect on EM studies that differ from those in our corpus by focusing on praxeological respecifications of AI-related phenomena. Concurrently, we offer a critical reflection on the work of literature reviewing, and explore the tortuous relationship between EM and CA in the area of research on AI.

Introduction With regard to the question ‘how today values are produced and transferred to new generations?’ we want to focus in this contribution on the pedagogical role of the family as making something ‘public’. First, we dwell on the ‘traditional’ way of looking at the pedagogical role of the family, which is, seeing family as an institute where the new generation is being introduced to the norms and values that exist in society. Afterwards, we describe how the pedagogical role of the family is being affected by the current discourse of professionalization and learning. Second, we propose a view that sees the pedagogical role of the family as a practice of ‘freeing’ some-thing of the world and presenting it to children. It entails an understanding of family as a space in which adults and children ‘come together’ and ‘in’ gathering make things happen. We illustrate our approach by describing a ‘pedagogical’ moment in one researched family.

Background/Context: Many scholars in the fields of teacher education, multicultural education, and bilingual education have argued that children of recent immigrants are best served in classrooms that have teachers who understand the cultural background and the home language of their students. Culturally knowledgeable and responsive teachers are important in early education and care settings that serve children from immigrant families. However, there is little research on immigrant teachers' cultural and professional knowledge or on their political access to curricular/pedagogical decision-making. Focus of Study: This study is part of the larger Children Crossing Borders (CCB) study: a comparative study of what practitioners and parents who are recent immigrants in multiple countries think should happen in early education settings. Here, we present an analysis of the teacher interviews that our team conducted in the United States and compare the perspectives of immigrant teachers with those of their nonimmigrant counterparts, specifically centering on the cultural expertise of immigrant teachers who work within their own immigrant community.

This article investigates children's play and social interactions in a multilingual preschool context where the lingua franca (common language) is English. This investigation follows the experiences of one child for whom English is a second language (L2). The analytic focus explores how the L2 learner gains access and participation in play activities in relation to the peer culture of the group. Methodology Drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis approaches, this paper offers turn-by-turn analysis to show how the children's interactions unfold, and identifies children's interactional approaches as they enter play and make friends. Particular attention is focused on how one of the L2 speakers manages his attempts at entry into the others' games in the building blocks area of the classroom. Findings The close detailed analysis of one extended episode highlighted the coproduced nature of interaction. The findings identify a repertoire of four resources used by one of the L2 children within the peer group, to access play activities in the building space: 1) linguistic resources of requests, such as 'Can I play?' 'Are you building?'; 2) 'tailing' others closely; 3) references to the moral obligations of being a best friend; and 4) using objects as resources for entry. While the analytic focus is on one child's strategies, analysis considers this child's individual actions in relation to his peers. What is made apparent is that uptake and participation in peer interaction is dependent on the social agenda and the local aspects of peer culture. Peer interaction and friendship in a multilingual preschool 3 Value of chapter Attention to how children employ strategies to play and the local conditions of peer culture can assist educators to support children's attempts for participation and friendship in multilingual early years settings.

This ethnographic study of meat as part of humble daily practices contributes new insights to the existing anthropology of meat eating and its implications. Drawing on the emerging field of design anthropology, the thesis is inspired by Marcus's exhortation to 'follow the thing' (meat) in household shopping, food handling, preparation and consumption practices across national borders. The thesis addresses the following research questions: What are the interconnected rituals and routines in everyday household meat consumption practices in middle-income households in Australia and Indonesia? How do these practices relate to, and negotiate, local histories and regional-global networks? What can design anthropology methods offer in understanding everyday foodways? What insights can a comparison of these practices provide in relation to the circulation of meat? I focus on 18 households in urban Australia and Indonesia because, while culturally distinct, they are connected through a transnational and global meat trade. Drawing on the concepts of improvisation, habitus, intersecting technologies and friction, I find everyday household foodway practices to be shaped by individual habitus as well as knowledge of frictions in the ways that meat is produced and circulated. I consider Indonesian meat purchasing and handling practices to argue that it is for structural, not cultural, reasons that Indonesia is a 'wet' (fresh) meat market. By following meat in everyday usage and routines the thesis reveals unexpected connections and disconnections. I conclude that the increased technical capacity to produce and circulate meat globally needs to sit alongside understandings of local practices and regional networks. Making temporal and spatial links across regions and technical-social worlds, focused on the subject matter of meat, is part of the original contribution of this thesis. Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly authored works that I have included in my thesis.

Doğumdaki fizyolojik sürecin anlayamadığımız bazı yönleri olsa da kadınlar üzerinde doğum ünitesi koşullarının oldukça önemli bir etkisi vardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı doğum deneyimlemiş kadınların doğum ünitesi koşulları ve doğum memnuniyetini etkileyen ideal doğum ünitesi tasarımı üzerine düşüncelerinin incelemesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, normal doğum deneyimi olan 232 kadın ile gerçekleştirilen kesitsel bir araştırmadır. Çalışmada araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen bir anket form kullanılmış, bulguların yorumlanmasında tanımlayıcı istatistik tekniklerden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda kadınların çoğu tarafından doğum ünitesinin özel girişi olması (%62,9), tek kişilik doğum odası (%96,6), doğum ünitesinin ses düzeyi (%89,6), mahremiyetin korunması (%100,0), şahsi tuvalet (%92,2) ve ılık duş alma imkânı (%74,1) ideal doğum ünitesinden beklenen özellikler olarak bildirilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonucunda doğum ünitesinin özel girişi olması, tek kişilik doğum odası, doğum ünitesinin ses düzeyi, mahremiyetin korunması, şahsi tuvalet ve ılık duş alma imkânının kadınların doğum memnuniyetlerini etkileyeceğini düşündükleri belirlenmiştir.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are more important than most people realise. They are estimated to affect 7-10% of all patients admitted to hospital and are among the top five causes of death worldwide, including in countries like Australia with sophisticated (and expensive) healthcare

Bu araştırmada, 2013-2023 yılları arasında yaptığım saha araştırmalarının arka planına odaklanarak kent etnografisinde çoklu teknikleri bir arada kullanmanın metodolojik ve teorik katkılarını
inceliyorum. Bu araştırmalar süresince tuttuğum alan notları üzerinden yürüyüşün kentsel
mekândaki toplumsal yaşamı anlamaya katkısını ele alıyorum. İstanbul, İzmir ve Sapanca’da yürüttüğüm etnografik ve otoetnografik araştırmalar ve bu esnada yararlandığım yöntem ve tekniklerin kent etnografisinin olanaklarını genişletmeye etkisine odaklanıyorum. Metropolleşen kentin
gündelik hayatını analiz ederken, kentte bir yaya olarak hareketliliği, hareketliliğin sınıfsallığını
ve toplumsal cinsiyetini tartışıyorum. Görsel ve işitsel teknolojilerin imkânlarının gelişmesi, kentleşmeye başlayan bölgelerde kaybolan doğal yapının kaydını tutmaya da olanak yaratıyor. Mobil
teknolojilerin artan etkisiyle sahada daha çok kullanılmaya başlanan fotoğraf çekimi ve video kaydı
kent hafızası oluşturma ve kentin ve kentlinin hikâyesini toplamaya önemli katkı sağlıyor. Bununla birlikte, sahada çoklu metotları işletirken dikkate alınması gereken farklı dengeler devreye
giriyor. Bu makalede, sahadaki ilişkilere ve araştırılanların gündelik hayatına müdahale etmeden
metotların nasıl çoğaltabileceğine dair öneriler getirmeye çalışıyorum. Kent etnografisinde çoklu
teknik kullanmanın dezavantajlı gruplar için ortaya çıkarabileceği katılımcı yöntemleri ve etnografiyi sosyal adalet için bir araç haline getirmenin imkanlarını değerlendiriyorum.

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Building on recent literature on supervision practice that has turned
away from previous efforts to construct typologies, and towards
‘dialogic’ models that emphasise iterative feedback processes
between students and supervisors in situ , this article examines
how the curiosity of the supervisor expressed in supervision meetings
can both model a relationship to scholarship and collegiality
and support the development of confidence and self-trust in the
doctoral candidate. Drawing on a qualitative study of videorecorded
supervision meetings across multiple Australian universities,
this article examines the entanglements of scholarly discourse,
interpersonal conviviality, and curiosity within supervision relationships.
To understand this, we adopt a ‘post-critical’ approach to
doctoral training and borrow the concept of ‘tacit knowledge’ to
consider the role of trust, conviviality, and informal ‘know-how’ in
the development of formalised expertise. Analysis of exchanges
within supervision meetings encourages the consideration of care
as a relational structure linked to practices of curiosity and the
sharing of tacit knowledge. We argue that although institutional
pressures may continue to reshape doctoral candidatures in the
neoliberal university, supervision meetings offer important sites for
developing doctoral candidates’ intellectual self-trust, including
through the expression of curiosity by their supervisors.

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Abstract“Public sociology” has flourished as an idea with limited success in practice. We argue that movement towards the consensual goal of public engagement is more likely using audiovisual than text-based communication. We briefly review the history of the idea with a focus on the post-Burawoy era and its central debates. We argue that such disputes over politics, activism, disciplinary identity, and theoretical coherence are diversionary, with little hope of resolution and even less of providing the engagement sought by public sociology. Sadly and wrongly, they assume that only educated and literate audiences possess interest or capacity to engage scholarly knowledge of the social world. Advances in audiovisual technologies, familiarization, and routinization during the past decade suggest a solution that does not involve significant structural or cultural changes to the discipline. In this essay we offer two illustrations of audiovisual practices in sociology and provide an overview of video ethnography as an option in graduate methods training. This proposed course is a reasonable, low cost, and implementable solution to the problem of public sociology.

Much prior literature has focused on how hedonic shopping motivation operates in hedonic environments such as shopping malls. Few empirical studies assess hedonic shopping motivation effects in utilitarian shopping environments. Combining a field survey (Study 1) with observation using video ethnography (Study 2), our research addresses this issue. Our results empirically reveal how through both psychological and behavioral routes hedonic shopper motivation affects purchases in a utilitarian environment, specifically a section of a superstore selling predominantly utilitarian products. Hedonic shopping motivation is found to induce consumer impulsiveness (psychological route) while also encouraging shoppers to stay longer in a store (behavioral route), which when combined result in greater consumer purchases than either route alone. Additionally we observe a moderating effect of co-shopper influences on these two routes. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Les Workplace Studies mettent l'emphase sur le travail coopératif comme forme distincte de travail, et sur la technologie comme supportant fréquemment ce travail coopératif. Les Workplace Studies constituent un ensemble de recherches importantes sur les activités interactionnelles au travail qui reposent sur des dispositifs technologiques plus ou moins complexes (Mondada, 2002a, 2002b, 2006g, 2009). De plus, ce domaine s'intéresse aux espaces où plusieurs participants agissent ensemble à la fois en co-présence et à distance. Les Workplace Studies traitent de dimensions différentes qui ont des effets configurant sur les interactions, telles que la multimodalité (Goodwin & Goodwin, 1997), les espaces et leur

The primary objective of this article, among other prescripts, is to unravel the lexicological arena of colonialism and apartheid as a pertinent subject in Ncedile Saule’s Umlimandlela (At the cross-roads). The reason to undertake this scholarly discourse is because of the vestigial elements of colonialism and apartheid that continue to subterfuge the constitutional democracy of our country, thereby decaying and delaying social cohesion and consciousness. Post-colonial theory is employed given that it concentrates on matters before and after the formal end of colonialism in South Africa in 1994. On the other hand, qualitative research methodology is utilized to recognize the selected isiXhosa novel as a primary source of data. Through conceptual and contextual discussions, the main findings certify that though South Africa formally ended colonialism, the currently witnessed colonial tendencies are deeply rooted in the colonial and apartheid systems. As a result, it is fair to accept...

Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 17 septembre 2019. Multilinguales est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 4.0 International Analyse multimodale de l'ethos en interaction : le cas de l'interview politiq...

Capítulo de libro donde se ofrece un panorama general sobre las principales aportaciones a la interculturalidad y, de manera particular, nos centramos en el campo de la comunicación intercultural, donde nos interesa argumentar cómo el poder está presente en toda interacción intercultural y de qué manera ello implica un factor de imposibilidad para la propia interculturalidad. También se ofrece conceptos fundamentales para entender la interculturalidad como fenómeno comunicativo.

Cet article est centré sur les facteurs communicationnels de l'activité de co-conception musicale d'un trio d'auteur-compositeurs-interprètes. L'approche ethnométhodologique de ce phénomène m'a conduit à observer, puis analyser les interactions des membres dans leur contexte. Les membres ont construit puis ont fait évoluer une représentation intersubjective de leur réalisation selon un processus typiquement constitué de propositions individuelles, de négociations et de coordinations. La réalisabilité du projet d'action établi conditionnait le statut de la conception. Cette évolution était prise pour allant de soi dans l'accomplissement. Si la conception peut être interprétée comme un réseau de résolution de problèmes, la génération des situations problématiques serait le produit d'une remise en cause située des allant-de-soi du groupe.

Afin d’accomplir une recherche empirique sur les facteurs communicationnels du processus de conception musicale d’un trio d’auteur/compositeurs/interpretes, j’ai du correler des theories de la signification eclectiques. Les donnees ont ete elaborees a partir d’une observation participante, d’entretiens et de l’etude retrospective des enregistrements video de l’activite. J’ai traite les donnees selon une approche phenomenologique et ethnomethodologique, etayee des concepts de la theorie des symboles de Goodman. L’emploi efficient de communications musicales permettait aux membres de l’activite de signifier, de maniere coextensive et intersubjective, plusieurs sens. L’interactivite et la dynamique du cours d’action constituait une opportunite de transformer le sens des expressions musicales, sens implicitement lie a la conduite et a l’etat de l’activite.

Dans l’objectif d’observer au plus pres les parcours des utilisateurs et les specificites de leurs pratiques sur la bibliotheque numerique Gallica, nous avons effectue des captations audiovisuelles des activites a l’ecran, completees par des entretiens d’autoconfrontation qui permettent d’elaborer du sens aux observations. Deux axes d’analyse decoulent des donnees recueillies. Le premier porte sur les phenomenes de categorisation et d’evaluation (d’une liste de resultats, d’un document) et souligne la facon dont une idee, guidee par des motifs et dynamisee par de la serendipite, peut emerger et se configurer dans le temps de la consultation. Le second explore la dimension ecologique de l’usage de Gallica. Il met en lumiere que l’utilisateur de Gallica est engage dans de nombreuses operations structurantes associant environnement numerique, materiel et social.

Background/Context Early childhood education in the United States is currently suspended between the belief that young children learn through dynamic experiences in which they are able to create and experiment, and the belief that young children's emerging literacy and math skills require formal instruction and assessments to ensure future academic success. This balance is difficult because each approach requires different allowances for children's agency. Purpose/Objective This study investigates how district administrators, school administrators, pre-K–3 teachers, and bilingual first graders within a school district serving Latinx immigrant families think about the role of agency in early learning. Setting Data was collected in Lasso ISD and El Naranjo Elementary School, located on the U.S./Mexico border. Population/Participants Lasso ISD is predominantly Latinx with 85% of its population self-identifying as Latinx and experiencing financial stress. Over 35% of children at...

Research Methods in Linguistic Anthropology 224 and what video ethnography may add to a particular project is therefore essential (see also Kohler and Murphy, this volume). Our goal in this chapter is to provide guidelines for addressing ethical, technological, and practical questions of video ethnography to prospective and established ethnographers in order to ensure its successful employment in fieldwork. Documenting people's everyday lives in their homes, workplaces, neighborhoods, villages, or schools with video cameras and sound equipment can add valuable insights to ethnographic research and yet may also be intrusive and disrupting to participants if not done properly, ethically, and professionally. Appropriate procedures to obtain consent before the beginning of fieldwork and the ongoing monitoring of research activities during fieldwork are of utmost importance. We have divided the chapter into three sections that address issues to consider before going to the field, during fieldwork, and beyond, respectively. Each section walks the reader through a number of "steps, " roughly following the sequence that a researcher should expect to follow from devising a project to its completion, starting with determining whether video recording is necessary and possible, and if so, how to proceed with obtaining consent, choosing equipment, creating a database, and what to pay attention to during day-today filming. We note here that there is some overlap between sections and that while some steps may address primarily either technological, or practical, or ethical questions, these are always intertwined. Different recording technologies afford different ways of collecting data and entail different ethical questions (Black 2017; Black and Conley-Riner, this volume). Our chapter is explicitly meant as a guide, which, we hope, will not only assist in designing a project with video but also be a resource to look for help while in the field-the guide we wish would have existed when we both started our first video ethnographic projects. We will be drawing extensively on our experience from these projects in order to illustrate general scenarios and point out issues that will be relevant in a wide variety of contexts. Mitsuhara (2019) carried out two years of fieldwork in Mayapur, a rural village composed of religious migrants in West Bengal, India, working primarily with mothers and their children. She filmed everyday interactions in the peer group and with caregivers at family's homes, on the playground, in a school, and while transiting through the village. Hauck (2016) has been working for many years among indigenous former hunter-gatherers in eastern Paraguay, the Aché. He has been filming community members across generations in a language documentation project and has also carried

This article describes how, in our research with Head Start teachers in American Samoa, we combined video-cued multivocal ethnographic method (VCE) with traditional ethnographic approaches to understand our interlocutors' perspectives on curriculum and pedagogy, and the contrast between them and mainland US teachers using the same federally endorsed curriculum. We provide illustrative examples of how the inclusion of VCE allowed for meaningful dialogue among informants and researchers, revealing Samoan teachers' cultural sustainable approaches to curriculum. [Policy, Head Start, multivocal video-cued ethnography, post-colonial theory]

In this article, we discuss how video-reflexive ethnography may be useful in engaging staff to improve dementia care in a hospital medical unit. Seven patients with dementia were involved in the production of patient-story videos, and fifty members of staff (nurses, physicians, and allied health practitioners) participated in video-reflexive groups. We identified five substantial themes to describe how video-reflexive groups might contribute to enacting person-centered care for improving dementia care: (a) seeing through patients’ eyes, (b) seeing normal strange and surprised, (c) seeing inside and between, (d) seeing with others inspires actions, and (e) seeing with the team builds a culture of learning. Our findings suggest that video reflexivity is not only useful for staff engagement but also effective in enhancing team capacity to enact person-centered care in the hospital setting.

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to explore both mothers' and fathers' lived experiences of the birth environment. Objectives were set to explore how the physical, psychosocial, spiritual and cultural environment during labor, influence the parents' birth experience, and to delve into the similarities and differences between mothers' and fathers' views and experiences of the birth environment. METHODS The study adopted an interpretive phenomenological research design. A purposive homogenous sample of seven couples was recruited from the main local public hospital in Malta. Data were collected using one-time, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with each couple. The birth territory theory by Fahy guided this study and interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to analyze, interpret and elicit the meanings that participants attributed to their experiences of the birth environment. RESULTS Three super-ordinate themes emerged from the data: 'The home-hospital gap', 'Midwifery care' and 'Movement in labor'. A conflict between the comfort of home and home-like aesthetics, and the reassuring, but foreign, clinical environment and medical equipment, was felt by mothers and fathers. The midwife was a fundamental part of the birth environment for the parents, taking precedence over the physical environment. Movement in labor was important to mothers while fathers became more involved when mothers were mobile during labor. The birth environment consisted of facilitating and impeding factors to movement, which made an impact on the parents' experiences. CONCLUSIONS Mothers and fathers experienced the birth environment from different perspectives. However, they have indicated similar needs and desires from the birth environment, creating a shared experience.

Using video-ethnographic data from a 'try-on day' in a bus-based mobile preschool, we discuss how children with different levels of experience collaborate with one another and with pedagogues to socialize newcomers into an ongoing community. Analyses show how pedagogues create moments of collective orientation and, besides through verbal instructions, invite newcomers to participate in core activities with older children. The novices engage in the priming event by intent participation, while the older children assume, and are assigned, the role of more experienced participants-'old-timers'. In this collective socialization, old-timers, children, and pedagogues strive to create a smooth transition for novices, particularly by stressing the specificity of participating in a preschool that is mobile and located in a bus. The results illustrate how becoming a mobile preschool child entails understanding and mastering competences such as safely riding the bus, eating meals in the bus, and walking in line in diverse spaces.